Modular generic model for breast endoscopic surgery simulation and simulation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a modular universal model and simulation method for simulating laparoscopic breast surgery, comprising a thoracic base and a detachable chest skin module covering the thoracic base; the thoracic base includes a chamber with an opening at the top, on which the chest skin module covers; a breast module is detachably disposed within the chamber; the breast module includes a receiving part for placing / replacing pathological modules or ex vivo animal tissue; the outer surface of the chest skin module has several operating holes for inserting a laparoscope to perform simulated surgical operations; the breast module has a side opening communicating with the operating holes; this invention features a flexible design, a high degree of modularity, and individual parts can be replaced. It also provides personalized training programs, and the training difficulty can be adjusted as needed to meet the training needs of doctors at different levels; furthermore, the individual replacement and maintenance of each part not only greatly reduces maintenance costs but also extends the model's lifespan, resulting in a significant decrease in maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surgical training model technology, and in particular to a modular universal model and simulation method for simulating laparoscopic breast surgery. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the incidence of benign and malignant breast tumors in Chinese women has been increasing year by year, becoming a major challenge in the field of public health. While traditional surgical methods can effectively remove tumors and save lives, they often leave noticeable scars, severely affecting the appearance of the breast and negatively impacting the patient's physical and mental health. Traditional axillary lymph node dissection also involves significant trauma and may cause upper limb movement disorders and lymphedema postoperatively. To address these issues, the application of endoscopic techniques has become an important area of ​​development.

[0003] Although laparoscopic breast surgery has become a novel surgical method in breast surgery, and significant innovations have been made in its theory and technology, its popularity in my country remains low. The main reasons include high technical requirements, a long learning curve, lengthy surgical preparation and operation time, limited application, poor economic benefits, and insufficient promotion. For example, laparoscopic breast surgery demands high levels of technical expertise and equipment. The procedure requires mastery of complex laparoscopic techniques and meticulous surgical skills, placing high demands on the surgeon's technical level. Therefore, to address these issues and better promote the popularization and application of laparoscopic surgery, it is necessary to introduce and optimize surgical simulation training models. Surgeons can practice laparoscopic surgical techniques in a simulated environment, gradually improving their skills. This can help doctors quickly master key techniques of laparoscopic surgery, shorten the learning curve, and allow doctors to familiarize themselves with surgical procedures in a risk-free environment.

[0004] Existing breast endoscopic surgery training models have the following drawbacks: 1. The modular design of existing models cannot accurately simulate the structures in actual surgery, resulting in an inability to comprehensively cover various anatomical variations and lesions during training; 2. They cannot simulate various lesion types, limiting the diversity, relevance, and comprehensiveness of training, resulting in poor adaptability; 3. The lack of universality between different surgical models leads to poor performance of the models in different types of breast surgeries; 4. There are difficulties in the individual maintenance and component replacement of the models. If a module is damaged or needs to be updated, it is often necessary to replace the entire model or perform complex maintenance work, resulting in high costs.

[0005] Therefore, further research and development is needed to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, one of the objectives of this invention is to provide a modular universal model for simulating breast endoscopic surgery. This model allows for customized lesions, unlimited replication and practice, and convenient and flexible replacement of pathological modules. Damaged module structural components can be replaced individually after practice, eliminating the need for complete replacement and effectively reducing costs. Flexible materials are used to simulate the texture of soft tissue manipulation, making it closer to the real surgical environment.

[0007] The second objective of this invention is to provide a simulation method for a modular, universal model used in simulating breast endoscopic surgery.

[0008] One of the objectives of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] A modular universal model for simulating laparoscopic breast surgery includes a thoracic base simulating the human laparoscopic surgical position and a detachable chest skin module covering the thoracic base. The thoracic base includes a chamber with an opening at the top, and the chest skin module covers the opening. A breast module simulating a human organ is detachably disposed within the chamber. The breast module includes a receiving part for placing / replacing a pathological module or excised animal tissue. The outer surface of the chest skin module has several operating holes for inserting a laparoscope to perform simulated surgical operations. The breast module has a side opening communicating with the operating holes.

[0010] To further explain, the mammary gland module is made of a flexible material, and the outer periphery of the mammary gland module is provided with a plurality of connecting holes at intervals along its circumferential direction for limiting the pathological module or isolated animal tissue through connectors, so as to replace different pathological modules.

[0011] To further explain, a thoracic base simulating the structure of the human sternum is detachably installed within the cavity of the thoracic base; a connecting buckle is provided at the bottom of the breast module, and a connecting seat adapted to the connecting buckle is provided on the upper surface of the thoracic base; the breast module is detachably installed on the thoracic base through the cooperation of the connecting buckle and the connecting seat.

[0012] To further explain, the connecting buckle extends laterally, and the connecting bracket has a slot that matches the middle of the connecting buckle; the connecting buckle is laterally inserted into the slot and limited in position.

[0013] To further explain, the thoracic base is detachably equipped with muscle modules, nerve modules, and blood vessel modules for surgical simulation marking; the side of the thoracic base is provided with mounting grooves for mounting the muscle modules, nerve modules, and blood vessel modules, which are distributed in the mounting grooves by means of snap-fit ​​connection, adhesive connection, or magnetic connection.

[0014] To further explain, one side of the skin module is provided with a connecting protrusion, and the opening edge of the thoracic base is provided with a connecting groove that mates with the connecting protrusion; the other side of the skin module is screwed and locked to the thoracic base by bolts.

[0015] To further explain, the muscle module, nerve module, and blood vessel module are respectively prepared using composite photosensitive materials.

[0016] To further explain, the composite photosensitive material comprises the following components by weight fraction: 70-80 parts of base photosensitive resin, 10-15 parts of filler, 1-5 parts of plasticizer, 0.5-1.5 parts of photoinitiator, 0.5-3 parts of modifier, and 0.5-1.5 parts of colorant;

[0017] And it is prepared through the following steps:

[0018] Preparation steps: Weigh the base photosensitive resin, filler, plasticizer, photoinitiator, modifier, and colorant according to the formula, and set aside;

[0019] Mixing steps: First, pour the base photosensitive resin into a clean mixing container, and then gradually add the filler to the base photosensitive resin, ensuring that the mixture is stirred evenly; then add the plasticizer, photoinitiator, modifier, and colorant in sequence, and stir evenly.

[0020] Model making steps: Use software to design a 3D model, pour the mixed powder into the 3D printing equipment, adjust the printing parameters and print the model.

[0021] Curing and finishing steps: Place the model in a UV curing device for curing, and then polish and finish the model to complete the production.

[0022] The second objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0023] A simulation method using a modular, universal model for simulating endoscopic breast surgery as described above, wherein the pathology module includes a tumor phantom, a cyst phantom, or a glandular tissue phantom; the simulated surgical procedure includes the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Place the tumor phantom into the receiving part of the breast module, and connect and fix the tumor phantom to the matching connection hole through the connector, and mark the target area;

[0025] Step 2: Insert a laparoscope into the breast module through the operating port to explore and locate the target tumor phantom tissue.

[0026] Step 3: Use a surgical simulation resection tool to simulate the resection of the target tumor phantom tissue;

[0027] Step 4: After completing the simulated excision, use a simulated surgical suturing tool to simulate suturing the side opening of the breast module. The simulated surgical operation is now complete.

[0028] To further explain, step 1, which involves breast endoscopy skills training and lymph node biopsy simulation before placing the tumor phantom, includes the following steps:

[0029] Step 1-1: Place the target lymph nodes within the thoracic matrix according to the surgical environment and mark them accordingly;

[0030] Steps 1-2: Use a laparoscope to insert into the thoracic matrix through the operating port to perform laparoscopic exploration and locate the target lymph node;

[0031] Steps 1-3: Simulate surgical removal of several lymph nodes, place them in a specimen bag, remove them, and the simulated surgical operation is complete.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The modular breast endoscopic surgery model of the present invention features a flexible design and a high degree of modularity, with each part being replaceable individually. This allows it to adapt to different training needs, enabling flexible replacement and configuration of different modules to suit various surgical scenarios and complexities. It also provides personalized training programs, with the training difficulty adjustable as needed, including the addition of complex simulation scenarios such as bleeding, to meet the training needs of doctors at different skill levels. Furthermore, it facilitates modular fabrication and replacement, allowing damaged parts to be easily replaced during training without replacing the entire model. In addition, the individual replaceability and maintenance of each part significantly reduces maintenance costs and extends the model's lifespan. Compared to traditional surgical training models, maintenance costs are reduced by two-thirds, resulting in significant cost-effectiveness.

[0034] 2. Furthermore, the modular design of the training model facilitates technological updates and expansion. New lesion modules or surgical scenario modules can be designed and integrated into the existing model, ensuring that the training model keeps pace with the latest medical technologies and enhancing its effectiveness in medical education and training. Moreover, by providing different surgical scenarios and lesion modules, it can better simulate the actual surgical environment, enabling surgeons to train under conditions closer to reality, improving their surgical skills and clinical response capabilities, making it highly practical.

[0035] 3. The present invention has a simple structural design, convenient disassembly and assembly of each module, simplified module replacement, and strong operability. The design of the connection holes around the breast module allows different pathological modules to be fixed in the receiving part through standardized connectors. For example, a protruding structure that matches the connection hole can be designed on the standard pathological module, so that the replacement pathological module can be quickly replaced and installed by directly using the limiting cooperation between the protruding structure and the connection hole. Each pathological module can be accurately positioned inside the breast module, adapting to different training needs. It can simulate the resection of breast tumors in one training cycle and the treatment of cysts in another cycle, which provides rich content for training.

[0036] Furthermore, the standardized design of the connecting holes and connectors allows various pathological modules to seamlessly interface with the breast module, and enables efficient installation, disassembly, and replacement, improving replacement efficiency. Moreover, real animal tissues can be used directly, and animal tissue simulation can be completed by selectively threading them through the connecting holes, making the training process closer to actual operation and helping surgeons better prepare for the challenges of real surgery.

[0037] The snap-on quick assembly structure of the breast module also facilitates the disassembly of the breast module, which is beneficial for cleaning and maintenance of the breast module. It can also simulate and replace breast modules with different pathological conditions at any time according to the actual situation of the patient, making it more targeted.

[0038] 4. Each module of this invention is made of flexible materials and standardized. Through the combination of soft and hard photosensitive resin, it is customized according to the different simulated tissue characteristics, which is closer to the simulated soft tissue operation texture. Combined with printing and photocuring processes, the surface quality and accuracy of the model are further improved. Precise ingredient and mixing steps, combined with efficient 3D printing and curing processes, ensure high-precision printing and detail reproduction, enhance the realistic visual effect, and simulate the real soft tissue touch during training. The real tactile feedback can enhance the surgeon's perception of different tissues, enabling them to better understand the physical properties and operation requirements of different tissues. At the same time, the model can be produced quickly and with consistent quality, which further improves the economy and efficiency of production.

[0039] 5. The simulation method of this invention combines a modular model with a customized training approach. Through systematic simulation steps and the application of multiple pathological modules, it significantly improves the comprehensiveness, realism, and relevance of surgical training.

[0040] By placing and marking tumor phantoms within the breast module's receiving area, a precise training environment for specific lesions can be created, enabling surgeons to train for different types of tumors and improving their ability to identify and manage lesions in real surgery. Placing the pathology module within the breast module's receiving area and fixing it with connectors and connecting holes, along with marking the target area, allows trainees to clearly define surgical objectives and improve operational precision. The endoscope is inserted into the breast module through the operating port for exploration, simulating a real laparoscopic surgical environment, performing actions such as paper cutting, bean picking, object movement, and suturing, which facilitates the clinical transfer of skills. The internal spatial design of the breast module allows for free movement of the endoscope, helping trainees master the scope and precision of laparoscopic exploration. The customized surgical simulation training method is closely integrated with the model's structural features, enhancing the overall surgical simulation training effect.

[0041] 6. The breast module of this invention is made of flexible hydrophobic material. The hydrophobic material allows the model to be used in conjunction with ex vivo animal tissue to complete breast tumor resection and axillary lymph node biopsy and dissection in a highly simulated scenario, which is highly flexible. The modular design and customized surgical simulation training can quickly adapt to different surgical scenarios and pathological types, meet different simulation training needs, and have excellent performance such as strong versatility, low cost, quick assembly and disassembly, and easy updates, providing an advanced and efficient tool for medical training. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the modular universal model used for simulating endoscopic breast surgery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the modular universal model for simulating endoscopic breast surgery in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, omitting a partial structural diagram of the skin module;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the skin module and thymus module in the modular general model for simulating breast endoscopic surgery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, omitting the details.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the skin module of the modular universal model used for simulating endoscopic breast surgery in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the thymus module in the modular universal model for simulating endoscopic breast surgery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the thymus module in the modular universal model for simulating endoscopic breast surgery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 7 This is a reference diagram showing the overall structure of the modular universal model used for simulating endoscopic breast surgery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 8 This is a reference diagram showing the physical state of a partial structure of the skin module in the modular universal model used for simulating breast endoscopic surgery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0050] In the picture:

[0051] 1. Thoracic base; 11. Chamber; 12. Opening; 13. Thoracic base; 131. Connecting slot; 1311. Slot; 132. Mounting groove; 14. Connecting groove; 2. Skin module; 21. Operating hole; 22. Connecting protrusion; 3. Breast module; 31. Receiving part; 32. Side opening; 33. Connecting hole; 34. Connecting buckle; 4. Muscle module; 5. Nerve module; 6. Blood vessel module. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions and advantages of the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The specific structures and features of the present invention are illustrated by way of example and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Furthermore, any of the technical features mentioned below (including implicit or disclosed features), as well as any technical features directly shown or implied in the figures, can be arbitrarily combined or deleted among these technical features to form other embodiments that may not be directly or indirectly mentioned in the present invention. The accompanying drawings show preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the present invention.

[0053] It should be noted that the constructions and arrangements of the invention shown in several different exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, those who consult this disclosure will readily understand that many modifications (e.g., changes in the size, structure, shape, and proportions of various elements) are possible without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in this application. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be changed or rearranged according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "means plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure described herein that performs the function, and not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent in structure. Other substitutions, modifications, alterations, and omissions may be made in the design, operation, and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] like Figure 1-8 As shown, this embodiment 1 provides a modular universal model for simulating breast endoscopic surgery, including a thoracic base 1 for simulating the human endoscopic surgical position and a chest skin module 2 detachably covered on the thoracic base 1; the thoracic base 1 includes a chamber 11 with an opening 12 at the top, and the chest skin module 2 is covered on the opening 12; a breast module 3 detachably arranged to simulate human organs is disposed in the chamber 11; the breast module 3 includes a receiving part 31 for placing / replacing a pathology module; the outer side of the chest skin module 2 is provided with several operating holes 21 for the endoscope to be inserted and for simulated surgical operations; the breast module 3 is provided with a side opening 32 communicating with the operating holes 21.

[0056] In this embodiment, the thoracic matrix is ​​designed to simulate the human body position, providing a position for laparoscopic surgery. The internal space of the breast module 3 allows for laparoscopic operation, and the detachable module design enables the creation of various realistic surgical scenarios. The breast module 3 can be detachably installed within the chamber 11, and the breast module 3 has a receiving part 31 for placing / replacing the pathology module. The pathology module can be replaced as needed, enabling training on various lesions and improving the relevance and flexibility of the simulation. The design of the operating port 21 and the side opening 32 allows for precise laparoscopic operation and effective treatment of lesion sites.

[0057] In addition, unlike traditional surgical simulation training, the skin module 2 is equipped with multiple operating holes 21 to simulate the size and orientation of laparoscopic operations, and the hole diameter is closer to the real surgical scenario.

[0058] The overall structural design provides a comprehensive surgical simulation environment, including realistic patient positioning, laparoscopic operating pathways, and lesion management methods. This design not only enhances the comprehensiveness and realism of the training but also enables trainees to improve their skills in a near-realistic operating environment, preparing them to handle complex situations in actual surgery.

[0059] In one optional embodiment, the breast module 3 is made of a flexible material. Multiple connecting holes 33 are spaced circumferentially around the outer periphery of the breast module 3 for positioning the pathology module via connectors, allowing for the replacement of different pathology modules. Further, in this embodiment, the flexible material can be transparent silicone or other flexible materials, such as photosensitive resin. Hydrophobic materials allow the model to be used in conjunction with ex vivo animal tissue to perform highly realistic breast tumor resection and axillary lymph node biopsy and dissection, offering high flexibility.

[0060] In this embodiment, the outer periphery of the breast module 3 is provided with a plurality of connecting holes 33 at circumferential intervals for limiting the pathology module through connectors, so as to replace different pathology modules. The advantage of this design is that different pathology modules can be fixed in the receiving part through standardized connectors. For example, a protruding structure adapted to its connecting holes can be designed on the standard pathology module, so that the replacement pathology module can be quickly replaced and installed by directly using the limiting cooperation between the protruding structure and the connecting hole. Each pathology module can be accurately positioned inside the breast module to adapt to different training needs. In one training cycle, the resection of breast tumors can be simulated, and in another cycle, the treatment of cysts can be simulated, which provides rich content for training.

[0061] Furthermore, the standardized design of the connecting holes and connectors allows various pathological modules to seamlessly interface with the breast module, and enables efficient installation, disassembly, and replacement, improving replacement efficiency. In addition, real animal tissues can be used directly, and animal tissue simulation can be completed by selectively threading them through the connecting holes, making the training process closer to actual operation and helping surgeons better prepare for the challenges of real surgery.

[0062] In one optional embodiment, a thoracic base 13 simulating the structure of a human sternum is detachably disposed within the cavity 11 of the thoracic base 1; a connecting buckle 34 is provided at the bottom of the mammary module 3, and a connecting seat 131 adapted to the connecting buckle 34 is provided on the upper surface of the thoracic base 13; the mammary module 3 is detachably mounted on the thoracic base 13 through the cooperation of the connecting buckle 34 and the connecting seat 131.

[0063] In one optional embodiment, the connecting buckle 34 extends laterally, and the connecting seat 131 is provided with a slot 1311 adapted to the middle of the connecting buckle; the connecting buckle is laterally inserted into the slot 1311 and limited in position.

[0064] In this embodiment, the snap-on quick-assembly structure of the breast module facilitates its disassembly, cleaning, and maintenance. It also allows for the simulation and replacement of breast modules with different pathological conditions based on the patient's specific situation, making it more targeted. Furthermore, the connecting snap-on design uses a horizontal snap-fit ​​mechanism, utilizing the upward curvature of the thoracic base for protection, preventing pressure on the thoracic base and thus avoiding structural damage, while also ensuring convenient installation.

[0065] The breast module 3 provides excellent stability through the combination of E-type snap-fit ​​and slot, preventing displacement or loosening during use. Simultaneously, the engagement of the limiting protrusion 1312 and the limiting hole 341 increases installation safety and reduces accidental risks during operation. This allows for rapid assembly and disassembly of the module. The snap-fit ​​quick-assembly structure makes the installation and removal of the breast module simpler and faster, eliminating the need for trainers or technicians to use complex tools or perform cumbersome operations. Furthermore, the simulation content can be quickly adjusted according to training requirements or the patient's specific condition. Different pathological modules (such as tumor phantoms, cyst phantoms, etc.) can be rapidly replaced to simulate different lesions, providing more targeted training. This not only improves the simulator's versatility but also enhances its application value in actual surgical training.

[0066] In one optional embodiment, the thoracic base 13 is detachably equipped with muscle modules 4, nerve modules 5, and blood vessel modules 6 for surgical simulation marking. The sides of the thoracic base 13 are provided with mounting grooves 132 for installing the muscle modules 4, nerve modules 5, and blood vessel modules 6. The muscle modules 4, nerve modules 5, and blood vessel modules 6 are distributed within the mounting grooves 132 via snap-fit ​​connections, adhesive connections, or magnetic connections. This design can simulate different anatomical structures of the human body, including muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Trainees can select and install the corresponding modules according to specific training needs, thereby achieving detailed simulation of different anatomical parts. The training difficulty can also be adjusted, and the operation is convenient.

[0067] In one optional embodiment, the skin module 2 has a connecting protrusion 22 on one side, and the opening 12 of the thoracic base 1 has a connecting groove 14 that is inserted and fitted with the connecting protrusion 22; the other side of the skin module 2 is screwed and locked to the thoracic base 13 by bolts.

[0068] In this embodiment, the detachable muscle module 4, nerve module 5, and blood vessel module 6 of the thoracic base 13, combined with different connection methods (such as snap-fit, adhesive, or magnetic connection), allow for quick and convenient installation and replacement, thereby simulating different anatomical structures and meeting diverse training needs. At the same time, the stable fixing design of the skin module 2 (through insert fitting and bolt tightening) enhances the stability and safety of operation, simplifies the installation and disassembly process of the equipment, and enables the whole system to quickly adapt and deploy in different training scenarios, improving the comprehensiveness and efficiency of training.

[0069] In one alternative embodiment, the muscle module 4, nerve module 5, and blood vessel module 6 are respectively made of composite photosensitive materials.

[0070] In one optional embodiment, the composite photosensitive material comprises the following components by weight fraction: 70-80 parts of base photosensitive resin, 10-15 parts of filler, 1-5 parts of plasticizer, 0.5-1.5 parts of photoinitiator, 0.5-3 parts of modifier, and 0.5-1.5 parts of colorant;

[0071] And it is prepared through the following steps:

[0072] Preparation steps: Weigh the base photosensitive resin, filler, plasticizer, photoinitiator, modifier, and colorant according to the formula, and set aside;

[0073] Mixing steps: First, pour the base photosensitive resin into a clean mixing container, and then gradually add the filler to the base photosensitive resin, ensuring that the mixture is stirred evenly; then add the plasticizer, photoinitiator, modifier, and colorant in sequence, and stir evenly.

[0074] Model making steps: Use software to design a 3D model, pour the mixed powder into the 3D printing equipment, adjust the printing parameters and print the model.

[0075] Curing and finishing steps: Place the model in a UV curing device for curing, and then polish and finish the model to complete the production.

[0076] Furthermore, the composite photosensitive material comprises the following components by weight fraction: 75 parts of base photosensitive resin, 12 parts of filler, 3 parts of plasticizer, 1 part of photoinitiator, 2 parts of modifier, and 1 part of colorant;

[0077] In the above preparation process, the clean mixing container can be any container purchased using existing technology. During the stirring operation, the stirring speed is 500-800 rpm / min, and the stirring time is 15-30 min to facilitate complete mixing of the components. The three-dimensional model is designed using existing methods and software. The parameters and working principle of the 3D printing equipment can refer to existing technology. The printing operation can be carried out at room temperature. The printing speed is 20-50 mm / s.

[0078] In the curing and finishing step, a UV curing device with a wavelength of 365-405nm is selected, and the curing time is 15-30 minutes. By using the appropriate wavelength and curing time of the UV curing device, the complete curing of the photosensitive resin can be ensured, thereby improving the mechanical strength and durability of the model.

[0079] The polishing and finishing process involves using sandpaper (e.g., 1000-2000 grit) to polish the surface of the cured model to remove any possible surface imperfections, ensure a smooth surface, improve the model's appearance and feel, and make it more suitable for practical applications.

[0080] Further, in one optional embodiment, the weighed components are 75 parts of a base photosensitive resin, 12 parts of filler, 3 parts of plasticizer, 1 part of photoinitiator, 2 parts of modifier, and 1 part of colorant. Among the optional components, the photosensitive resin can be one of an acrylate resin or an epoxy acrylate resin, possessing good photosensitivity and moldability, and providing excellent mechanical strength and chemical resistance; the filler can be one of silica, talc, or calcium carbonate, improving the material's mechanical strength and stability, and enhancing its flowability and filling effect; the plasticizer is an epoxy plasticizer, giving the prepared module excellent chemical and heat resistance; the photoinitiator can be benzoyl chloride, more suitable for deep photocuring requirements; the modifier can be a reactive resin modifier such as a reactive acrylate or vinyl ether acrylate, which enhances the resin's hardness, weather resistance, and adhesion while improving its processing performance; the colorant can be selected to provide different visual effects as needed.

[0081] Each module of this invention is custom-made from flexible materials and manufactured in a standardized manner. Through a combination of soft and hard photosensitive resin, it is customized according to the characteristics of different simulated tissues, more closely resembling the texture of simulated soft tissue manipulation. Combined with printing and photopolymerization processes, the surface quality and accuracy of the model are further improved. Precise ingredient preparation and mixing steps, combined with efficient 3D printing and curing processes, ensure high-precision printing and detailed reproduction, enhancing the realistic visual effect. By simulating the real touch of soft tissue during training, the realistic tactile feedback enhances surgeons' perception of different tissues, enabling them to better understand the physical properties and operational requirements of different tissues. Simultaneously, it allows for rapid model production while maintaining consistent quality, further improving the economy and efficiency of production.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] This embodiment 2 provides a simulation method for the modular universal model for simulating breast endoscopic surgery described in embodiment 1 above. The pathology module includes a tumor phantom, a cyst phantom, or a glandular tissue phantom. The simulated surgical operation includes the following steps:

[0084] Step 1: Place the tumor phantom into the receiving part of the breast module, and connect and fix the tumor phantom to the matching connection hole through the connector, and mark the target area;

[0085] Step 2: Insert a laparoscope into the breast module through the operating port to explore and locate the target tumor phantom tissue.

[0086] Step 3: Use a surgical simulation resection tool to simulate the resection of the target tumor phantom tissue;

[0087] Step 4: After completing the simulated excision, use a simulated surgical suturing tool to simulate suturing the side opening of the breast module. The simulated surgical operation is now complete.

[0088] To further explain, step 1, which involves breast endoscopy skills training and lymph node biopsy simulation before placing the tumor phantom, includes the following steps:

[0089] Step 1-1: Place the target lymph nodes within the thoracic matrix according to the surgical environment and mark them accordingly;

[0090] Steps 1-2: Use a laparoscope to insert into the thoracic matrix through the operating port to perform laparoscopic exploration and locate the target lymph node;

[0091] Steps 1-3: Simulate surgical removal of several lymph nodes, place them in a specimen bag, remove them, and the simulated surgical operation is complete.

[0092] The simulation method of this invention combines a modular model with a customized training approach. Through systematic simulation steps and the application of multiple pathological modules, it significantly improves the comprehensiveness, realism, and specificity of surgical training: By placing and marking tumor phantoms in the housing of the breast module, a training environment for specific lesions can be precisely created, enabling surgeons to train for different types of tumors and improve their ability to identify and manage lesions in real surgery; by placing pathological modules in the housing of the breast module and fixing them with connectors and connecting holes, the step of marking target areas allows trainees to clearly define surgical goals and improve operational precision; the endoscope is inserted into the breast module through the operating port for exploration, simulating a real laparoscopic surgical environment. The internal space design of the breast module allows for free movement of the endoscope, helping trainees master the scope and precision of laparoscopic exploration; the customized surgical simulation training method is closely integrated with the structural characteristics of the model, enhancing the overall surgical simulation training effect.

[0093] In addition to the surgical scenario simulation training described above, the universal model of this invention can also be applied to simulation training of surgical procedures such as basic laparoscopic skills operation, lymph node biopsy, and lymph node separation. It has strong versatility, as the pathology module can be fixed by using connectors such as threading and connecting holes.

[0094] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it will be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular, universal model for simulating laparoscopic breast surgery, characterized in that, The device includes a thoracic matrix simulating the position of a human laparoscopic surgery patient, and a detachable chest skin module covering the thoracic matrix. The thoracic matrix includes a chamber with an opening at the top, and the chest skin module covers the opening. A mammary gland module simulating a human organ is detachably disposed within the chamber. The mammary gland module includes a receiving portion for placing a pathological module or excised animal tissue. The outer surface of the chest skin module has several operating holes for the endoscope to be inserted and for simulated surgical operations. The side of the mammary gland module has a side opening communicating with the operating holes. The receiving portion communicates with the side opening, so that the operating holes, side openings, and receiving portion form a continuous laparoscopic operating path. The breast module is made of a flexible material. Multiple connecting holes are spaced circumferentially around the outer periphery of the breast module for positioning the pathological module or isolated animal tissue via connectors, allowing for the replacement of different pathological modules. The pathological module includes a tumor phantom, a cyst phantom, or a glandular tissue phantom. The simulated surgical procedure includes the following steps: Step 1: Place the tumor phantom into the receiving part of the breast module, and connect and fix the tumor phantom to the matching connection hole through the connector, and mark the target area; Step 2: Insert a laparoscope into the breast module through the operating port to explore and locate the target tumor phantom tissue. Step 3: Use a surgical simulation resection tool to simulate the resection of the target tumor phantom tissue; Step 4: After completing the simulated excision, use a simulated surgical suturing tool to simulate suturing the side opening of the breast module. The simulated surgical operation is now complete.

2. The modular universal model for simulating endoscopic breast surgery as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thoracic base is detachably mounted on a thoracic base that simulates the structure of the human sternum within its cavity; the bottom of the mammary module is provided with a connecting buckle, and the upper surface of the thoracic base is provided with a connecting seat that is compatible with the connecting buckle; the mammary module is detachably mounted on the thoracic base through the cooperation of the connecting buckle and the connecting seat.

3. The modular universal model for simulating endoscopic breast surgery as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting buckle extends laterally, and the connecting bracket has a slot that matches the middle of the connecting buckle; the connecting buckle is inserted laterally into the slot and is limited in position.

4. The modular universal model for simulating endoscopic breast surgery as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The thoracic base is detachably equipped with muscle modules, nerve modules, and blood vessel modules for surgical simulation marking; the side of the thoracic base is provided with mounting grooves for installing the muscle modules, nerve modules, and blood vessel modules, which are distributed in the mounting grooves by means of snap-fit ​​connection, adhesive connection, or magnetic connection.

5. The modular universal model for simulating endoscopic breast surgery as described in claim 4, characterized in that, One side of the skin module is provided with a connecting protrusion, and the opening edge of the thoracic base is provided with a connecting groove that fits into the connecting protrusion; the other side of the skin module is screwed and locked to the thoracic base by bolts.

6. The modular universal model for simulating endoscopic breast surgery as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The muscle module, nerve module, and blood vessel module are respectively prepared using composite photosensitive materials.

7. The modular universal model for simulating endoscopic breast surgery as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The composite photosensitive material comprises the following components by weight fraction: 70-80 parts of base photosensitive resin, 10-15 parts of filler, 1-5 parts of plasticizer, 0.5-1.5 parts of photoinitiator, 0.5-3 parts of modifier, and 0.5-1.5 parts of colorant; And it is prepared through the following steps: Preparation steps: Weigh the base photosensitive resin, filler, plasticizer, photoinitiator, modifier, and colorant according to the formula, and set aside; Mixing steps: First, pour the base photosensitive resin into a clean mixing container, and then gradually add the filler to the base photosensitive resin, ensuring that the mixture is stirred evenly; then add the plasticizer, photoinitiator, modifier, and colorant in sequence, and stir evenly. Model making steps: Use software to design a 3D model, pour the mixed powder into the 3D printing equipment, adjust the printing parameters and print the model. Curing and finishing steps: Place the model in a UV curing device for curing, and then polish and finish the model to complete the production.

8. A modular, universal model for simulating endoscopic breast surgery as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, breast endoscopy skills training and lymph node biopsy simulation are performed before placing the tumor phantom, including the following steps: Step 1-1: Place the target lymph nodes within the thoracic matrix according to the surgical environment and mark them accordingly; Steps 1-2: Use a laparoscope to insert into the thoracic matrix through the operating port to perform laparoscopic exploration and locate the target lymph node; Steps 1-3: Simulate surgical removal of several lymph nodes, place them in a specimen bag, remove them, and the simulated surgical operation is complete.

Images