Radiating unit and antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication, in particular to a radiation unit and an antenna, the radiation unit comprises four radiators and a feed structure, the feed structure is used for feeding the radiators, the radiators are integrally of a plate-shaped structure, and the number of the radiators is four. The four radiators are symmetrically arranged on a dielectric substrate in a cross manner, two radiators on diagonal lines form a pair of radiation groups, the four radiators form two pairs of radiation groups in total, the two pairs of radiation groups are used for generating radiation with different polarizations, and the two pairs of radiation groups are used for generating radiation with different polarizations. At least one first concave notch formed by a plurality of gaps in a transverse and vertical staggered mode is etched in the position, close to the edge, of the radiator, one end of the first concave notch penetrates through the edge of the radiator, the directions of currents on the edges of the two sides of each gap of the first concave notch are opposite, and directional diagrams formed by the currents in a far field are mutually offset. The decoupling effect is good, the polarization isolation is greatly improved, and the purpose of interference suppression is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mobile communications, and in particular to a radiation unit and an antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern wireless communication technology, the communication system has an increasing demand for capacity. MIMO technology can effectively improve communication capacity. The use of MIMO technology means that a large array design is required. In addition, due to the supplier's restrictions on antenna size, when multiple antennas are laid out in a limited space, the mutual coupling between antennas is enhanced, which will lead to poor isolation between channels, mutual interference between channels, and poor communication quality.

[0003] The control of cost and size in actual use, as well as the development of miniaturization and integration, have led to an increase in the number of radiating units in a limited space, and even a multi-band co-aperture design. This makes the mutual coupling between antennas more serious. Therefore, improving the mutual coupling between antenna arrays is crucial to improving communication quality. The key to array antenna design is the radiating unit, and its performance determines the performance of the overall system. Therefore, the design of the radiating unit is particularly important. The present invention starts from the radiating unit itself to achieve a decoupling design between the polarizations of the radiating unit itself. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to improve the polarization isolation of the radiation unit so that the radiation unit has good anti-interference performance, solve the problem of poor isolation of most radiation units at present, and provide an important component for array antenna design.

[0005] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a radiation unit, comprising a radiator and a feeding structure, wherein the feeding structure is used to feed the radiator, the radiator being in a plate-like structure as a whole, the number of the radiators being four, the four radiators being symmetrically arranged on a dielectric substrate in a cross-shaped manner, and the two radiators on the diagonal form a pair of radiation groups, the four radiators forming a total of two pairs of radiation groups, the two pairs of radiation groups being used to generate radiation of different polarizations, at least one first recessed notch formed by a plurality of slits staggered horizontally and vertically is etched on the radiator near the edge, one end of the first recessed notch passes through the edge of the radiator, and the current directions on the edges of each slit of the first recessed notch are opposite.

[0007] A further improvement is that the shape of the first recessed notch is one or more of a "T" shape, a "cross" shape, and a "earth" shape.

[0008] A further improvement is that the feeding structure includes two feeding balun boards that are orthogonally plugged into each other, the dielectric substrate is vertically plugged into the top of the feeding balun boards, a feeding circuit is provided on one side of the feeding balun boards for feeding the radiator, and a grounding circuit block is provided on the other side of the feeding balun boards.

[0009] A further improvement is that a plurality of second recessed notches are etched at intervals near the edge of the grounding circuit block, formed by a plurality of gaps staggered horizontally and vertically, one end of the second recessed notch passes through the edge of the grounding circuit block, and the current directions on both sides of each gap of the second recessed notch are opposite.

[0010] A further improvement is that the shape of the second recessed notch is one or more of a "T" shape, a "cross" shape, and a "earth" shape.

[0011] A further improvement is that the number of the first concave notches on each of the radiators is two, and the two first concave notches are respectively located on two inner edge lines of the radiator.

[0012] A further improvement is that the radiation unit also includes an adapter board, on which a matching circuit and a short-circuit circuit are arranged, the short-circuit circuit is used for short-circuiting to ground to achieve lightning protection, the bottom of the feeding balun board is plugged into the adapter board, and the feeding circuit is electrically connected to one end of the matching circuit, and the other end of the matching circuit is used to be electrically connected to the output port of the phase shifter.

[0013] The second aspect of the present invention proposes an antenna, comprising a reflector and a radiating unit array installed on the upper surface of the reflector, the radiating units in the radiating unit array adopt a radiating unit as described in any one of the first aspects, a phase shifter is installed on the bottom surface of the reflector through a phase shifter fixing part, and the phase shifter output port is electrically connected to the radiating unit.

[0014] A further improvement is that the number of the radiation unit arrays is at least two columns, and a long strip of isolation plate is arranged between two adjacent columns of the radiation unit arrays. A plurality of third recessed notches formed by a plurality of gaps staggered horizontally and vertically are etched on the isolation plate at intervals near the edge, and one end of the third recessed notch passes through the edge of the isolation plate, and the current directions on both sides of each gap of the third recessed notch are opposite.

[0015] A further improvement is that the shape of the third recessed notch is one or more of a "T" shape, a "cross" shape, and a "earth" shape.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] In the present invention, at least one first recessed notch formed by a number of slits intersecting vertically and horizontally is etched near the edge of the radiator. The current directions on both sides of each slit of the first recessed notch are opposite, so as to achieve current cancellation. The radiation patterns formed by this current in the far field cancel each other out, and the decoupling effect is better, and the polarization isolation degree is greatly improved, achieving the purpose of suppressing interference.

[0018] In the present invention, a number of second recessed notches formed by a number of slits intersecting vertically and horizontally are etched at intervals near the edge of the grounding circuit block of the feeding balun board. The current directions on both sides of each slit of the second recessed notch are opposite, and it has the function of current cancellation, which is used to suppress common-mode interference, can effectively improve the isolation degree of the radiation unit, and can effectively increase the isolation degree by 3 - 4 dB.

[0019] In the present invention, a number of third recessed notches formed by a number of slits intersecting vertically and horizontally are etched at intervals near the edge of the isolation sheet. The current directions on both sides of each slit of the third recessed notch are opposite, which can achieve the cancellation of the inter-column induced current between the radiation unit arrays, and realize decoupling and improve the isolation degree between the radiation unit arrays.

[0020] In the present invention, except for the main feeding cable part, there is no cable in other parts, which greatly reduces the loss and improves the radiation efficiency. In addition, the phase shifter can realize surface electroplating, achieving the effect of environmental protection. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is an exploded view of a radiation unit of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the radiator on the dielectric substrate of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic front view of two feeding balun boards;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic back view of two feeding balun boards (the second recessed notch is in a "T" shape);

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic back view of two feeding balun boards (the second recessed notch is in a "十" shape);

[0027] Figure 7 It is a schematic back view of two feeding balun boards (the second recessed notch is in a "土" shape);

[0028] Figure 8It is a schematic diagram of the current flow direction at the edge of the second concave notch in the shape of "T", "X", and "earth";

[0029] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna (single radiating element array);

[0030] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna (an array of multiple radiation elements);

[0031] Fig.11 It is a side view of an antenna (an array of multiple radiating elements);

[0032] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the structure of a spacer having three third recessed notches of different shapes;

[0033] Fig.13 It is the standing wave diagram of the radiation unit in the present invention;

[0034] Fig.14 This is a comparison diagram of the radiation unit isolation (the prior art does not have the first concave notch, the second concave notch, and the third concave notch);

[0035] Fig.15 This is a comparison diagram of the isolation between radiation unit arrays (the prior art does not have the first concave notch, the second concave notch, and the third concave notch);

[0036] Fig.16 It is the horizontal plane radiation pattern of the radiation unit of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.17 It is the vertical plane radiation diagram of the radiation unit of the present invention.

[0038] Description of reference numerals:

[0039] 1. Radiating unit; 2. Dielectric substrate; 3. Radiator; 4. First recessed notch; 5. Feed balun board; 6. Feed circuit; 7. Grounding circuit block; 8. Second recessed notch; 9. Adapter board; 10. Matching circuit; 11. Short-circuit circuit; 12. Reflector; 13. Phase shifter fixing piece; 14. Phase shifter; 15. Isolator; 16. Main feed adapter block; 17. Main feed cable; 18. Limit block; 19. Third recessed notch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to explain the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to", "disposed on", "fixed on" or "installed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. Furthermore, when an element is considered to be "transmission-connected" to another element, the two can achieve power transmission, and its specific implementation method can be implemented using the existing technology, which will not be repeated here. When an element is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to another element, it means that the ideal state of the two is vertical, but due to the influence of manufacturing and assembly, there may be a certain vertical error. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0043] The “first” and “second” involved in the present invention do not represent specific quantities and orders, but are merely used to distinguish names.

[0044] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 -Attached Fig.17 In a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a radiation unit 1 is proposed, wherein the radiation unit 1 includes a radiator 3 and a feeding structure, wherein the feeding structure is used to feed the radiator 3, wherein the radiator 3 is in a plate-like structure as a whole, wherein the number of the radiators 3 is four, and the four radiators 3 are symmetrically arranged on a dielectric substrate 2 in a cross-shaped manner, wherein the dielectric substrate 2 is composed of a material with a certain dielectric constant, and the two radiators 3 on the diagonal line form a pair of radiation groups, and the four radiators 3 form a total of two pairs of radiation groups, wherein the two pairs of radiation groups are used to generate radiation of different polarizations, and at least one first recessed notch 4 formed by a plurality of slits staggered horizontally and vertically is etched near the edge of the radiator 3, wherein one end of the first recessed notch 4 passes through the edge of the radiator 3, and the current directions of the edges on both sides of each slit of the first recessed notch 4 are opposite.

[0045] It can be understood that the current mainly flows around the radiator 3, among which the current on both sides of the cross seam formed between the four radiators 3 is the strongest, and the first recessed notch 4 is arranged at a position where the current around the radiator 3 (radiation unit 1 circuit) is relatively strong.

[0046] The current directions at the edges of both sides of each gap of the first recessed notch 4 are opposite, thereby achieving current cancellation. The directional patterns formed by the current in the far field cancel each other out, thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing interference.

[0047] Each gap of the first recessed notch 4 can be of equal width or of unequal width, and can be of unequal length, which can be optimized and adjusted according to the index requirements. Preferably, the first recessed notch 4 is about 1 / 16 of the center frequency wavelength away from the center of the dielectric substrate 2, which can be set according to actual needs.

[0048] Preferably, in this embodiment, the shape of the first recessed notch 4 is one or more of a "T" shape, a "cross" shape, and a "earth" shape.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the number of the first concave notches 4 on each of the radiators 3 is two, and the two first concave notches 4 are respectively located on two inner edge lines of the radiator 3 .

[0050] It is understandable that, since the current on both sides of the cross seam formed between the four radiators 3 is the strongest, the present invention achieves the best effect by arranging the two first concave notches 4 on the two inner edge lines of the radiator 3 respectively.

[0051] In addition, in this embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, an "I"-shaped gap formed by a plurality of interlaced gaps is etched near the middle of the radiator 3. Similarly, the current directions of the edges of each gap on both sides of the gap are opposite.

[0052] In this embodiment, the feeding structure includes two feeding balun boards 5 that are orthogonally plugged into each other, which are used to realize feeding of different polarizations. The feeding balun boards 5 are made of a material with a certain dielectric constant. The dielectric substrate 2 is vertically plugged into the top of the feeding balun boards 5. Circuits are attached to both sides of the feeding balun boards 5. A feeding circuit 6 is provided on one side of the feeding balun board 5 for feeding the radiator 3, and a grounding circuit block 7 is provided on the other side of the feeding balun board 5.

[0053] In a preferred scheme of the present embodiment, a plurality of second recessed notches 8 formed by a plurality of gaps staggered horizontally and vertically are etched at intervals near the edge of the grounding circuit block 7, one end of the second recessed notch 8 passes through the edge of the grounding circuit block 7, and the current directions at the edges on both sides of each gap of the second recessed notch 8 are opposite, which has the function of current cancellation and is used to suppress common-mode interference, and can effectively improve the isolation of the radiation unit 1. Each gap of the second recessed notch 8 can be of equal width or of unequal width, and can also be designed to have unequal lengths, which can be optimized and adjusted according to the requirements of the indicators.

[0054] It can be understood that the current mainly flows around the ground circuit block 7, and the second recessed notch 8 is set at a position where the current is relatively strong around the ground circuit block 7. The spacing between two adjacent second recessed notches 8 is about 1 / 16 of the center frequency wavelength, and the specific spacing can be optimized according to actual conditions.

[0055] Preferably, in this embodiment, if Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the second concave notch 8 has a shape of one or more of a "T" shape, a "cross" shape, and a "earth" shape, and the first concave notch 4 has the same shape as the second concave notch 8. Of course, those skilled in the art can also design it into other shapes according to actual needs, as long as similar effects can be achieved.

[0056] In this embodiment, the radiation unit 1 further includes an adapter plate 9 . The adapter plate 9 has two functions: one is to facilitate circuit matching; the other is to facilitate the connection between the lead-out circuit and the phase shifter 14 .

[0057] The adapter board 9 is provided with two circuit parts, including a matching circuit 10 and a short circuit 11. The matching circuit 10 is used to achieve standing wave matching, and the short circuit 11 is used for short-circuiting and grounding to achieve lightning protection. In addition, the length and width of the short circuit 11 can also match the fine adjustment of the inductance and capacitance of the original circuit diagram.

[0058] The bottom of the feeding balun board 5 is plugged into the adapter board 9 , and the feeding circuit 6 is electrically connected to one end of the matching circuit 10 , and the other end of the matching circuit 10 is electrically connected to the output port of the phase shifter 14 .

[0059] In addition, all welding points of the radiation unit 1 can be designed on the same side to facilitate automated welding and improve production efficiency.

[0060] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, such as Fig. 9 , Fig.10As shown, the antenna includes a reflective plate 12 and an array of radiation units 1 installed on the upper surface of the reflective plate 12, the radiation units 1 in the array of radiation units 1 adopt a radiation unit 1 as described in any one of the first aspects, and a phase shifter 14 is installed on the bottom surface of the reflective plate 12 through a phase shifter fixing part 13, and the output port of the phase shifter 14 is electrically connected to the radiation unit 1 (can be manually welded or automatically welded).

[0061] Specifically, Fig.11 As shown, the number of the radiation unit 1 array is at least two columns, and a long strip of isolation plate 15 is arranged between two adjacent columns of the radiation unit 1 array. A plurality of third recessed notches 19 formed by a plurality of gaps staggered horizontally and vertically are etched on the isolation plate 15 at intervals near the edge, and one end of the third recessed notch 19 passes through the edge of the isolation plate 15, and the current directions of the edges on both sides of each gap of the third recessed notch 19 are opposite.

[0062] A main feed adapter block 16 is also installed on the upper surface of the reflector 12, and a main feed cable 17 is inserted from the back of the reflector 12 and electrically connected to the main feed adapter block 16 (manual welding or automatic welding is possible).

[0063] The phase shifter 14 includes a cavity, a phase shifting circuit and a limit block 18. The phase shifting circuit is inserted into the cavity, and the circuit interface of the phase shifting circuit is inserted into a hole reserved in the cavity and extends out of the cavity for electrical connection with the adapter board 9 of the radiation unit 1. The limit block 18 is inserted into the cavity to limit and fix the phase shifting circuit.

[0064] The isolation plate 15 can be a pure metal structure or a PCB structure. By etching a plurality of third recessed notches 19 formed by a plurality of gaps staggered horizontally and vertically at intervals near the edge of the isolation plate 15, the induction current between the columns of the radiation unit 1 array can be cancelled, decoupling can be achieved, and the isolation between the radiation unit 1 arrays can be improved.

[0065] In this embodiment, if Fig.12 As shown, the shape of the third recessed notch 19 is similar to that of the first recessed notch 4 and the second recessed notch 8, and is one or more of a "T" shape, a "cross" shape, and a "earth" shape.

[0066] like Fig.13 As shown, the radiation unit 1 of the present invention has a standing wave operating frequency band of 3.3-3.8 GHz, and the simulated standing wave can reach 1.16. Fig.14 As shown, the isolation of the radiation unit 1 of the present invention is improved by about 3.7dB compared with the prior art. Fig.15 As shown, the inter-array isolation of the radiation unit 1 of the present invention is improved by about 3.6 dB compared with the prior art.

[0067] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0068] The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific implementation of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radiation unit, characterized in that: The invention comprises a radiator and a feeding structure, wherein the feeding structure is used to feed the radiator, the radiator is in a plate-like structure as a whole, the number of the radiators is four, the four radiators are symmetrically arranged on a dielectric substrate in a cross-shaped manner, and the two radiators on the diagonal line form a pair of radiation groups, the four radiators form two pairs of radiation groups in total, the two pairs of radiation groups are used to generate radiation of different polarizations, at least one first concave notch formed by a plurality of slits staggered horizontally and vertically is etched on the radiator near the edge, one end of the first concave notch passes through the edge of the radiator, and the current directions of the edges on both sides of each slit of the first concave notch are opposite.

2. A radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the first concave notch is one or more of a "T" shape, a "X" shape, and a "earth" shape.

3. A radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding structure includes two feeding balun boards which are orthogonally plugged into each other, the dielectric substrate is vertically plugged into the top of the feeding balun boards, a feeding circuit is arranged on one side of the feeding balun boards for feeding the radiator, and a grounding circuit block is arranged on the other side of the feeding balun boards.

4. A radiation unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of second recessed notches are etched at intervals near the edge of the grounding circuit block. The second recessed notches are formed by a plurality of gaps staggered horizontally and vertically. One end of the second recessed notch passes through the edge of the grounding circuit block. The current directions of the edges of each gap of the second recessed notch are opposite.

5. A radiation unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shape of the second concave notch is one or more of a "T" shape, a "X" shape, and a "earth" shape.

6. The radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the first concave notches on each of the radiators is two, and the two first concave notches are respectively located on two inner edge lines of the radiator.

7. The radiation unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The radiation unit also includes an adapter board, on which a matching circuit and a short-circuit circuit are arranged. The short-circuit circuit is used for short-circuiting to ground to achieve lightning protection. The bottom of the feeding balun board is plugged into the adapter board, and the feeding circuit is electrically connected to one end of the matching circuit, and the other end of the matching circuit is used to be electrically connected to the output port of the phase shifter.

8. An antenna, characterized in that: It includes a reflective plate and a radiation unit array installed on the upper surface of the reflective plate, the radiation unit in the radiation unit array adopts a radiation unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, a phase shifter is installed on the bottom surface of the reflective plate through a phase shifter fixing part, and the phase shifter output port is electrically connected to the radiation unit.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The number of the radiation unit arrays is at least two columns, and a long strip of isolation plate is arranged between two adjacent columns of the radiation unit arrays. A plurality of third recessed notches formed by a plurality of gaps staggered horizontally and vertically are etched on the isolation plate at intervals near the edge, and one end of the third recessed notch passes through the edge of the isolation plate, and the current directions on both sides of each gap of the third recessed notch are opposite.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The shape of the third concave notch is one or more of a "T" shape, a "X" shape, and a "earth" shape.

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