Three-stage and two-stage weaning method for raising cashmere goat lambs in grazing mode

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of goat feeding, in particular to a three-stage two-stage weaning method for raising cashmere goat lambs in a grazing mode. According to the method, the weaning time is divided into three sections and two steps; the three sections are a front section, a middle section and a tail section; in the front stage, the lambs are 36-42 days old, and the weights of the lambs are 10-11.5 kg; in the middle stage, the lambs are 42-54 days old, and the weight of the lambs is 11.5-15kg; the lambs at the tail stage are 54-60 days old, and the weight of the lambs is 15-17 kg; the two steps are a front section, a middle section and a tail section which are respectively divided into a daytime first step and a nighttime second step; a phagostimulant and a pellet feed are matched in each stage, and lamb weaning is finally achieved. According to the three-order two-stage weaning method, the lambs gradually adapt to the process from lactation to pellet feed ingestion, the stress response of the lambs is reduced, diseases such as diarrhea do not exist in the weaning process, the three-order two-stage weaning process is also beneficial for ewes to gradually adapt to the lambs, and the breasts naturally delactate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of goat breeding, in particular to a "three-stage and two-step" weaning method for grazing cashmere goat lambs. Background Art

[0002] In the middle and late stages of lactation, as the lambs grow, their need for nutrients increases. However, the milk production and quality of the ewes decrease, and the nutrients provided to the lambs through breast milk gradually cannot meet the needs of the lambs. Lambs can eat a certain amount of roughage when grazing with the ewes, but although there are many types of roughage under grazing conditions, the quality and quantity are unstable; the digestive organs of the lambs are not yet fully developed, and the types and quantities of digestive enzymes secreted are not sufficient. At this time, weaning the lambs requires not only meeting the nutritional needs of the lambs, reducing weaning stress, and reducing digestive tract irritation caused by changes in feed types, but also fully realizing the growth potential of the lambs at this stage.

[0003] For grazing cashmere goat lambs, there are two weaning methods in production: one-time weaning and stage weaning. The one-time weaning method is to separate the lambs from the ewes directly during weaning, raise them in different pens for a period of time, so that the lambs are completely separated from the ewes, completely weaned, and immediately enter the solid feed feeding stage. This method is particularly stressful for lambs. In terms of nutrition supply, the lambs suddenly change from breastfeeding to solid feed, and the management method is changed to raising in pens and no longer grazing. At the same time, they are completely separated from the ewes. This physiological and psychological stress will seriously affect the health and growth of the lambs, and in severe cases will cause death, reducing the weaning survival rate. On the other hand, due to the separation of ewes from lambs, mastitis will occur due to milk accumulation. The stage weaning method is mainly from the management method. The mother and the lambs are separated during the day and raised in the same pen at night. When the lambs weigh 15kg, they are completely separated and grouped separately. This weaning method does not fully consider how to deal with the digestion problems caused by feed changes, and there is no clear weaning time, which makes the feeding management arbitrary and inefficient. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a three-stage two-stage weaning method for grazing cashmere goat lambs, so as to reduce stress reactions and other adverse reactions in lambs during weaning.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a cashmere goat lamb weaning method, wherein the weaning time is divided into three sections and two stages; the three sections are a front section, a middle section and a final section; the front section is when the lamb is 36 to 42 days old and weighs 10 kg to 11.5 kg; the middle section is when the lamb is 42 to 54 days old and weighs 11.5 kg to 15 kg; the final section is when the lamb is 54 to 60 days old and weighs 15 kg to 17 kg; the two stages are when the front section, the middle section and the final section are each divided into two stages: a first stage during the day and a second stage at night;

[0007] First stage: Lambs graze with ewes during the day, and eat breast milk and roughage at will; lambs are given food attractants during grazing breaks;

[0008] The first stage: After returning to pasture, lambs are kept separately from ewes. Lambs can see ewes but cannot drink breast milk. Lambs are fed pellet feed at 19:00 in the afternoon and 5:00 in the morning of the next day.

[0009] The first stage of the middle stage: Lambs are grazed with ewes during the day, and the ewes are dressed in anti-lactation sheep clothes. Lambs follow the ewes but cannot eat breast milk. Lambs are given food attractants during grazing breaks.

[0010] Middle stage 2: After returning to pasture, the lambs are separated from the ewe pens and placed in an independent pen next to the ewes; the lambs cannot see the ewes, but can hear their voices;

[0011] Feed the lambs with pelleted feed at 19:00 in the afternoon and 5:00 in the morning of the next day;

[0012] The last stage: Lambs follow the ewes to graze during the day. At this time, the ewes no longer secrete breast milk, and the lambs no longer chase the ewes for milk; lambs are given salt during grazing breaks;

[0013] The second stage of the final stage: After returning to pasture in the evening, the lambs are driven into separate pens;

[0014] Feed the lambs with pelleted feed at 19:00 in the afternoon and 5:00 in the morning of the next day;

[0015] In the above technical solution, further, the first-stage attractant is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 44% salt, 16% electrolytic multivitamin, 20% lactose, 18% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1% thymol, 0.5% lecithin, and 0.5% fruit fragrance;

[0016] The first-stage attractant in the middle section is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 45% salt, 20% lactose, 19% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 14.5% electrolytic multivitamin, 1% thymol, and 0.5% fruit fragrance;

[0017] The final first-stage attractant is salt.

[0018] In the above technical scheme, further, the granular feed of the second stage of the front stage is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 35% whole goat milk powder, 30% puffed soybean powder, 20% egg white powder, 5% pumpkin powder, 2% salt, 1% monocalcium phosphate, 2% electrolytic multivitamin, 1% pepsin, 1% cellulase, 1% yucca powder, 0.5% glucosamine zinc, 0.5% glucosamine iron, 0.5% glucosamine selenium, 0.25% carvacrol, and 0.25% Leda sweet + fruit flavor;

[0019] The pellet feed of the middle second stage is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 20% egg white powder, 30% puffed soybean meal, 35% whole goat milk powder, 7% pumpkin powder, 2% salt, 1% monocalcium phosphate, 1% electrolytic multivitamin, 1% cellulase, 1% yucca powder, 0.5% glucosamine zinc, 0.5% glucosamine iron, 0.5% glucosamine selenium, 0.25% carvacrol, and 0.25% fruit flavor;

[0020] The final second-stage pellet feed is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 32% puffed corn, 30% fermented soybean meal, 20% whole goat milk powder, 10% cornmeal, 2% salt, 2% monocalcium phosphate, 1% electrolytic multivitamin, 2% yucca powder, 0.5% zinc methionine, 0.25% carvacrol, and 0.25% fruit flavor.

[0021] In the above technical solution, further, the attractant of the first stage in the front section is 10g / each; the attractant of the second stage in the front section is 20g / each; and the attractant of the third stage in the last section is 15g / each.

[0022] In the above technical solution, further, the pellet feed of the first two stages is 100g / head; the pellet feed of the middle two stages is 200g / head; and the pellet feed of the last two stages is 300g / head.

[0023] In the above technical solution, further, the nursing garment is square, and has straps at four corners to wrap around the ewe's body and securely tie it.

[0024] In the above technical solution, further, in the second stage of the front section, a weaning pen is set up in the ewe pen to isolate the ewes and lambs.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the three-stage two-stage weaning method of the present invention allows lambs to gradually adapt from breastfeeding to eating pelleted feeds. In particular, the use of attractants at different stages allows lambs to adapt from the attraction of smell and taste to the consolidation of taste, which is completely in line with the physiological characteristics of lambs. The supplementary feeding of concentrated feed pellets fully stimulates the secretion of digestive juices in the lambs' mouths and stomachs, so that the lambs can obtain sufficient nutrient supply. From the perspective of animal welfare, during the three-stage two-stage weaning process, lambs gradually separate from their mothers and gradually adapt to resting separately at night, until they no longer chase the ewes when they are grazing together for the last time, thus reducing the lambs' dependence on the ewes from a psychological to a behavioral perspective.

[0026] In addition, by adopting the three-stage two-step weaning method, the ewes raised on pastures can gradually adapt to the weaning process, and their breasts will naturally return to milk without milk accumulation and mastitis. In this process, the ewes gradually adapt to separation from the lambs, and their reproductive hormones are effectively adjusted, with hormone secretion being stable and excessive, preparing for the next estrus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any way.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] Starting from the spring of 2021-2023, weaning technology operations were carried out on 32 grazing cashmere goat lambs. Among them, 16 lambs as the experimental group were weaned using the "three-stage and two-step" method, and the other 16 lambs as the control group were weaned using the conventional one-time weaning method.

[0030] The specific method of weaning in the experimental group using the "three-stage two-step" method is as follows:

[0031] The weaning time is divided into three sections and two stages; the three sections are the early section, the middle section and the final section.

[0032] The first stage is when the lambs are 36 to 42 days old and weigh 10 to 11.5 kg. When the cashmere goat lambs reach 36 days old and weigh 10 kg, the activities of maltase and lipase in the small intestine are close to normal levels, and the protease activity reaches about 70% to 80% of the normal level. The digestion capacity for carbohydrates, fats and proteins is already high, and they can eat and digest solid feed.

[0033] The middle stage is for lambs 42 to 54 days old and weighing 11.5kg to 15kg. When the cashmere goat lambs are 42 days old and weigh 11.5kg, the activities of various enzymes in the small intestine are basically normal, and the cellulase activity is close to the normal 50% to 60%. The digestion capacity for carbohydrates, fats and proteins is relatively high, and the lambs also have a certain digestion capacity for cellulose. At this time, the lambs have adapted psychologically and physiologically after the previous isolation training with the ewes, and can be cut off from the ewes through weaning measures.

[0034] The last stage is when the lambs are 54 to 60 days old and weigh 15 to 17 kg. When the cashmere goat lambs are 54 days old and weigh 15 kg, the activities of various enzymes in the small intestine basically reach normal. At this time, the lambs have adapted to eating normal diets psychologically, behaviorally and taste-wise, and can be completely weaned. The two stages are the first stage, the middle stage and the last stage, each of which is divided into two stages: the first stage during the day and the second stage at night. Grazing during the day and supplementary feeding at night.

[0035] First stage: Lambs are grazed with ewes during the day, and are allowed to follow the ewes freely. Lambs can eat breast milk and roughage at will. During the grazing intervals, lambs are given 10g of attractant per lamb for taste stimulation.

[0036] The attractant is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 44% salt, 16% electrolytic multivitamin, 20% lactose, 18% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1% thymol, 0.5% Leda sweet, and 0.5% fruit fragrance. The attractant at this stage mainly stimulates the taste. When lambs are 36 to 42 days old, they are more sensitive to sweetness and fruity flavors, but less sensitive to salty tastes. Therefore, Leda sweet and apple fragrance are used to attract lambs to lick for taste stimulation.

[0037] The first stage: After returning to pasture, the lambs are isolated from the ewe pens, and weaning pens are set up in the ewe pens. The lambs are placed in the weaning pens so that they can see the ewes but cannot eat breast milk; when the lambs are raised at night, they are fed 100g of pellet feed per lamb at 19:00 in the afternoon and 5:00 in the morning of the next day;

[0038] The pellet feed is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 35% whole goat milk powder, 30% puffed soybean powder, 20% egg white powder, 5% pumpkin powder, 2% salt, 1% dibasic calcium phosphate, 2% electrolytic multivitamin, 1% pepsin, 1% cellulase, 1% yucca powder, 0.5% zinc glucosamine, 0.5% iron glucosamine, 0.5% selenium glucosamine, 0.25% carvacrol, and 0.25% Leda sweet + fruit flavor. At this stage, the content of protease and cellulase in the stomach of lambs is low and the digestion ability is poor, so easy-to-digest whole goat milk powder, puffed soybean powder, egg white powder and pumpkin powder are used, and salt, dibasic calcium phosphate and electrolytic multivitamin are used to supplement calcium, phosphorus and electrolytes. Because the content of digestive enzymes in lambs is low and the digestion ability of pellet feed is weak, two enzymes, pepsin and cellulase, are added. Zinc glucosamine, iron glucosamine and selenium glucosamine are used to supplement trace elements zinc, selenium and iron. Yucca extract and carvacrol are used to improve immunity, play an antibiotic-like role, and prevent lambs from diarrhea.

[0039] The first stage of the middle stage: Lambs follow the ewes to graze during the day, and the ewes are given anti-lactation sheep clothes. Lambs are free to follow the ewes, but they cannot eat breast milk at will; the anti-lactation sheep clothes are made of square cotton cloth with a side length of 40cm, and 40cm long cloth strips are sewn on the four corners. Before going out to graze in the morning, the sheep clothes are covered on the ewes' breasts, and four cloth strips are wrapped around the ewe's body to tighten. After returning to graze every night, the sheep clothes are taken off, washed and dried.

[0040] During the grazing interval, give lambs 20g of attractant to consolidate their taste;

[0041] The attractant is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 45% salt, 20% lactose, 19% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 14.5% electrolytic multivitamin, 1% thymol, and 0.5% fruit flavor. In this stage, taste consolidation continues, and the amount of salt is increased to make the lambs adapt to the salty taste.

[0042] Middle stage 2: After returning to pasture, the lambs are separated from the ewe pens and placed in an independent pen next to the ewes; the lambs cannot see the ewes, but can hear their voices;

[0043] When lambs were kept alone at night, they were fed 200 g of pellet feed per lamb at 19:00 in the afternoon and 5:00 in the morning of the next day;

[0044] The pellet feed is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 20% egg white powder, 30% puffed soybean meal, 35% whole goat milk powder, 7% pumpkin powder, 2% salt, 1% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% electrolytic multivitamin, 1% cellulase, 1% yucca powder, 0.5% aminoglucose zinc, 0.5% aminoglucose iron, 0.5% aminoglucose selenium, 0.25% carvacrol, 0.25% fruit flavor. At this stage, the activities of various enzymes in the small intestine of lambs basically reach normal, and the activity of cellulase is close to the normal 50% to 60%, which is relatively insufficient, so cellulase is added.

[0045] The final stage: Lambs graze with their ewes during the day. At this time, the ewes no longer secrete breast milk, and the lambs no longer chase the ewes for milk; during grazing breaks, lambs are given 15g of salt per lamb to consolidate their taste; at this stage, only salt is needed to consolidate their taste.

[0046] The second stage of the final stage: After returning to pasture in the evening, the lambs are driven into separate pens;

[0047] When lambs were kept alone at night, they were fed 300 g of pellet feed per lamb at 19:00 in the afternoon and 5:00 in the morning of the next day;

[0048] The pellet feed is composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 32% puffed corn, 30% fermented soybean meal, 20% whole goat milk powder, 10% cornmeal, 2% salt, 2% monocalcium phosphate, 1% electrolytic multivitamin, 2% yucca powder, 0.5% zinc methionine, 0.25% carvacrol, and 0.25% fruit flavor. At this stage, the lambs' digestive enzymes are already complete, and no enzymes need to be added to the feed.

[0049] The conventional one-time weaning method is as follows:

[0050] The lambs are directly separated from the ewes and raised in different pens for a period of time, so that the lambs are completely separated from the ewes, weaned at one time, and immediately enter the solid feed feeding stage.

[0051] Investigate the weaning effect of the weaning method of the present invention:

[0052] (1) Daily weight gain of lambs during weaning: The average daily weight gain of the experimental group during the entire weaning period was 296.75 g, with the daily weight gain in the front, middle and back sections reaching 250 g, 301 g and 335 g respectively. The average daily weight gain of lambs in the control group during the same period was 182.5 g.

[0053] (2) Health status of lambs during weaning:

[0054] The lambs in the experimental group were in good spirits, ate and drank normally, had no diarrhea or other diseases, and had shiny fur.

[0055] Lambs in the control group bleated, became restless, and had reduced feed intake one week after weaning. Six lambs developed diarrhea and excreted white, watery feces.

[0056] (3) Health status of ewe udder:

[0057] The ewes in the experimental group had good udder milk recovery and good udder condition, no udder redness or swelling, and no udder inflammation. During the entire weaning period, the ewes ate and drank normally and were in good mental state.

[0058] The ewes in the control group had severe swollen and red udders and udder pain on the day the lambs were isolated and the next day. Their feed intake decreased for two consecutive days and they became irritable.

[0059] For any technician familiar with the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, the technical content disclosed above can be used to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or modified into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention should still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for weaning cashmere goat lambs, characterized in that: The method divides the weaning time into three sections and two stages; the three sections are the front section, the middle section and the final section; the front section is when the lambs are 36 to 42 days old and weigh 10 kg to 11.5 kg; the middle section is when the lambs are 42 to 54 days old and weigh 11.5 kg to 15 kg; the final section is when the lambs are 54 to 60 days old and weigh 15 kg to 17 kg; the two stages are the front section, the middle section and the final section, each of which is divided into two stages: the first stage during the day and the second stage at night; First stage: Lambs graze with ewes during the day, and eat breast milk and roughage at will; lambs are given food attractants during grazing breaks; The first stage: After returning to pasture, lambs are kept separately from ewes. Lambs can see ewes but cannot drink breast milk. Lambs are fed pellet feed at 19:00 in the afternoon and 5:00 in the morning of the next day. The first stage of the middle stage: Lambs are grazed with ewes during the day, and the ewes are dressed in anti-lactation sheep clothes. Lambs follow the ewes in activities but cannot eat breast milk; lambs are given food attractants during grazing breaks; Middle stage 2: After returning to pasture, the lambs are separated from the ewe pens and placed in an independent pen next to the ewes; the lambs are fed pellet feed at 19:00 in the afternoon and 5:00 in the morning of the next day; The last stage: Lambs follow the ewes to graze during the day. At this time, the ewes no longer secrete breast milk, and the lambs no longer chase the ewes for milk; lambs are given salt during grazing breaks; The second stage of the final stage: After returning to pasture in the evening, the lambs are driven into separate pens; Lambs were fed pelleted feed at 19:00 in the afternoon and 5:00 in the morning of the next day.

2. The cashmere goat lamb weaning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage attractant is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 44% salt, 16% electrolytic multivitamin, 20% lactose, 18% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1% thymol, 0.5% Leda sweet, and 0.5% fruit fragrance; The first-stage attractant in the middle section is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 45% salt, 20% lactose, 19% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 14.5% electrolytic multivitamin, 1% thymol, and 0.5% fruit fragrance; The final first-stage attractant is salt.

3. The cashmere goat lamb weaning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second-stage pellet feed of the front section is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 35% whole goat milk powder, 30% puffed soybean powder, 20% egg white powder, 5% pumpkin powder, 2% salt, 1% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2% electrolytic multivitamin, 1% pepsin, 1% cellulase, 1% yucca powder, 0.5% glucosamine zinc, 0.5% glucosamine iron, 0.5% glucosamine selenium, 0.25% carvacrol, and 0.25% Leda sweet + fruit flavor; The pellet feed of the middle second stage is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 20% egg white powder, 30% puffed soybean meal, 35% whole goat milk powder, 7% pumpkin powder, 2% salt, 1% monocalcium phosphate, 1% electrolytic multivitamin, 1% cellulase, 1% yucca powder, 0.5% glucosamine zinc, 0.5% glucosamine iron, 0.5% glucosamine selenium, 0.25% carvacrol, and 0.25% fruit flavor; The final second-stage pellet feed is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 32% puffed corn, 30% fermented soybean meal, 20% whole goat milk powder, 10% cornmeal, 2% salt, 2% monocalcium phosphate, 1% electrolytic multivitamin, 2% yucca powder, 0.5% zinc methionine, 0.25% carvacrol, and 0.25% fruit flavor.

4. The cashmere goat lamb weaning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage attractant is 10g / bird; the second-stage attractant is 20g / bird; and the third-stage attractant is 15g / bird.

5. The cashmere goat lamb weaning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pellet feed of the first two stages is 100 g per head; the pellet feed of the middle two stages is 200 g per head; and the pellet feed of the last two stages is 300 g per head.

6. The cashmere goat lamb weaning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nursing garment is square in shape, and has straps at four corners to wrap around the body of the ewe and secure it.

7. The cashmere goat lamb weaning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the second stage of the first stage, a weaning pen is set up in the ewe pen to isolate the ewes and lambs.