Target observation system design method for seismic data five-dimensional reconstruction
The five-dimensional interpolation technology addresses inconsistencies in seismic data by optimizing data reconstruction through a target observation system, enhancing processing efficiency and reducing data volume and calculation time.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202310742505.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-06-21
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing seismic data processing methods face challenges with large data volumes and long calculation times due to inconsistencies in data collected across different eras, especially in terms of shot channel density and coverage times, leading to inefficiencies in processing multiple blocks and years of data.
A five-dimensional interpolation technology is applied to seismic data, aligning data based on turret domain differences, using a target observation system to optimize data reconstruction, ensuring consistent processing and reducing data volume and calculation time.
The method achieves efficient and accurate seismic data processing with reduced data volume and improved signal-to-noise ratio, shortening processing cycles while maintaining high reconstruction quality.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic data processing, and in particular relates to a target observation system design method for five-dimensional reconstruction of seismic data. Background Art
[0002] With the rapid development of seismic exploration and acquisition technology, there are obvious differences in the field observation systems of seismic data collected in different eras, especially the density of shot channels and the number of coverage times, which have reached exponential differences. However, with the continuous deepening of the exploration process, the processing of seismic data has become normalized, resulting in serious consistency problems in data collected in different eras.
[0003] In recent years, based on the inconsistency problem of data collected in different eras, data reconstruction technology for old data has been developed. This technology increases the coverage of old data by data reconstruction, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the consistency of seismic data. However, most technical methods have the problems of large amount of reconstructed data and long calculation time. When the processing area involves seismic data collected in multiple blocks and multiple years, data reconstruction requires a lot of machine hours and generates a huge amount of reconstructed data, which greatly prolongs the processing cycle. Summary of the invention
[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a target observation system design method for five-dimensional reconstruction of seismic data. According to the differences in turret density and coverage times in seismic data collected in different eras, the five-dimensional interpolation technology of turret domain is applied to carry out more optimized data reconstruction of old data, so as to achieve more reasonable processing of the reconstruction data volume, calculation time and reconstruction effect, improve the operating efficiency of seismic data processing and shorten the operating cycle.
[0005] The above object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a method for designing a target observation system for five-dimensional reconstruction of seismic data, comprising the following steps:
[0006] 1. Conduct observation system analysis on the original seismic data collected in different eras in the processing area, focusing on the differences in the density of shot channels, coverage times, and acquisition bins of data from different eras. First, determine the unified processing bins for the processing area, calculate the coverage times of data in different blocks, and conduct quantitative evaluation and analysis; then investigate and analyze the coordinate system relationship between the shot lines and the detection lines to determine whether it is an orthogonal relationship or an oblique relationship.
[0007] 2. Conduct investigation and analysis on the data of different ages in the processing area from aspects such as area, location, and acquisition year. Determine the core seismic data of the processing area based on the larger area, newer acquisition year, and work area location closer to the processing target, combined with the processing requirements and geological tasks of the processing area.
[0008] 3. Based on the core data of the processing area determined in step 2, using the analysis results of the data collected in different years obtained in step 1, the data of other blocks are aligned with the core data in terms of gun channel density, number of coverage, acquisition bins and other parameters. First, determine the five-dimensional reconstruction method of the gun area required for different blocks, such as gun line, detection line encryption or gun point detection point encryption; then design the target observation system according to the required five-dimensional reconstruction method of the gun area, and obtain the target observation system for data reconstruction of other block data except the core data.
[0009] 4. Based on the target observation system for data reconstruction of seismic data from different blocks designed in step 3, first reconstruct the data based on five dimensions of shot point coordinates, detection point coordinates, and time in the artillery area by dividing the blocks into blocks, and then conduct quality control evaluation on the data reconstruction results, analyze and compare the effects of common center point gathers, stacked profiles, time slices, etc. before and after data reconstruction of seismic data from different blocks, ensure the scientificity and accuracy of data reconstruction, and complete the five-dimensional data reconstruction processing process in the artillery area based on the target observation system.
[0010] Furthermore, the observation system in step 1 means that in order to ascertain the underground structural morphology, it is necessary to continuously track the seismic waves of each interface. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate seismic waves at multiple excitation points on the survey line and conduct multiple continuous observations. During each observation, the relative position relationship between the excitation point and the receiving point must maintain a certain relationship. This relationship is called the "observation system."
[0011] Furthermore, the channel density in step 1 refers to the total number of data channels excited and received within a unit area in seismic data acquisition.
[0012] Furthermore, the number of coverages in step 1 refers to the number of times a certain observation system is used to repeatedly observe each reflection point underground.
[0013] Furthermore, the acquisition bins in step 1 refer to two sampling intervals, horizontal and vertical, for observing underground reflection points in three-dimensional seismic exploration.
[0014] Furthermore, the processing bins in step 1 refer to the need to establish uniform horizontal and vertical sampling intervals for underground reflection points in order to ensure imaging conditions during the contiguous processing of seismic data.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the method flow and system provided by the present invention can better solve the problem of differences in gun channel density and coverage times in the fusion and splicing processing of seismic data collected in different eras while ensuring the processing effect, realize more reasonable five-dimensional data reconstruction of the gun area, and achieve better application effect with less reconstructed data volume. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0017] Figure 1 The data table of the five blocks in step 1 of Example 1;
[0018] Figure 2 The original observation system (above) and the target observation system (below) that collected data in 1993 and 1994;
[0019] Figure 3 A magnified view of the original observing system (above) and the target observing system (below) from which data were collected in 1993 and 1994;
[0020] Figure 4 The original observing system (above) and the target observing system (below) that collected data in 2005;
[0021] Figure 5 A zoomed-in display of the original observing system (above) and the target observing system (below) where data were collected in 2005;
[0022] Figure 6 The common center point gather data before (left) and after (right) reconstruction based on the target observation system;
[0023] Figure 7 Time slices before (upper figure) and after (lower figure) reconstruction based on the target observation system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The present invention is described in detail below by specific examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the present invention are all conventional methods, and the experimental equipment, materials, reagents, etc. used can be obtained from commercial channels.
[0025] Example 1
[0026] 1) Processing work area involves seismic data of five blocks ( Figure 1 ), there are differences in the collection year, observation system, collection surface element, and coverage times. The coverage times of the data collected in 2016 are about 10 times that of other blocks, and the density of gun channel varies even more.
[0027] 2) The core target area of the processing area is near the data collected in 2016, so the data of other blocks need to be close to this data, and the consistency fusion processing of coverage times and collection surface elements needs to be carried out;
[0028] 3) Taking the core reference data collected in 2016 as the center, and based on the differences in the density and coverage of the artillery tracks between other block data and the core data, a target observation system for reconstructing the five-dimensional data of the artillery areas in different blocks is designed; Figure 2 , Figure 3 This is a target observation system and enlarged display designed for the data collected in 1993 and 1994. The original seismic data collection was orthogonal, so the target observation system was designed to increase the coverage of the dense shot points and detection points, reduce the acquisition area, and increase the number of coverage. Figure 4 , Figure 5 This is a target observation system and enlarged display designed for data collected in 2005. Different from the other two blocks, this area is arranged obliquely. The design of the target observation system needs to take the oblique arrangement factor into consideration, and the encrypted reconstruction of the shot points and detection points is performed based on the original observation system.
[0029] 4) Based on the above-mentioned target observation system, five-dimensional data reconstruction of the blast area can effectively improve the consistency of data collected in different years in the processing area and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data. Figure 6 , Figure 7 It is a comparison diagram of the common center point gathers and time slices before and after the completion of the five-dimensional reconstruction of the artillery area. It can be found that the five-dimensional data reconstruction of the artillery area based on the target observation system has a small amount of reconstructed data and higher processing efficiency while effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.
[0030] The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but not all feasible embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any obvious changes made thereto without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention should be considered to be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for designing a target observation system for five-dimensional reconstruction of seismic data, characterized in that: The steps are: S1. Conduct observation system analysis on the original seismic data collected in different periods in the processing area; S2. Determine the core seismic data of the processing area; S3. Obtaining the target observation system for data reconstruction of other blocks except the core data; S4. Complete the five-dimensional data reconstruction processing of the artillery area based on the target observation system.
2. The target observation system design method for five-dimensional reconstruction of seismic data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S1 is specifically as follows: an observation system analysis is performed on the original seismic data collected in different eras involved in the processing area, with a focus on analyzing the differences in the density of the shot channels, the number of coverage times, and the acquisition bins of the data of different eras; firstly, a unified processing bin is determined for the processing area, the number of coverage times of data in different blocks is calculated, and a quantitative evaluation and analysis is performed; then, the coordinate system relationship between the shot lines and the detection lines is investigated and analyzed to determine whether it is an orthogonal relationship or an oblique relationship.
3. The target observation system design method for five-dimensional reconstruction of seismic data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S2 specifically involves conducting an investigation and analysis on the data of different ages in the processing area from aspects such as area, location, and acquisition year, and determining the core seismic data of the processing area based on a larger area, a newer acquisition year, and a work area closer to the processing target, combined with the processing requirements and geological tasks of the processing area.
4. The target observation system design method for five-dimensional reconstruction of seismic data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S3 is specifically based on the core data of the processing area determined in step S2, using the analysis results of the data collected in different years obtained in step S1, with the principle of aligning the data of other blocks with the core data in terms of parameters such as the channel density, number of coverage, and acquisition surface element; first determine the five-dimensional reconstruction method of the artillery area required for different blocks, such as the encryption of the gun line and detection line or the encryption of the gun point and detection point; then design the target observation system according to the required five-dimensional reconstruction method of the artillery area, and obtain the target observation system for data reconstruction of other block data except the core data.
5. The target observation system design method for five-dimensional reconstruction of seismic data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S4 is specifically a target observation system for data reconstruction based on the seismic data of different blocks designed in step S3. First, the data is reconstructed in five dimensions based on the shot point coordinates, the detection point coordinates, and the time in the shot area by dividing the blocks, and then the data reconstruction results are evaluated for quality control. The effects of the common center point gathers, stacked sections, time slices, etc. before and after the data reconstruction of the seismic data of different blocks are analyzed and compared to ensure the scientificity and accuracy of the data reconstruction, and complete the five-dimensional data reconstruction processing process of the shot area based on the seismic data acquisition parameters.
6. The target observation system design method for five-dimensional reconstruction of seismic data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The observation system in step S1 means that in order to find out the underground structural morphology, it is necessary to continuously track the seismic waves of each interface. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate seismic waves at multiple excitation points on the survey line and conduct multiple continuous observations. During each observation, the relative position relationship between the excitation point and the receiving point must maintain a certain relationship. This relationship is called the "observation system".
7. The target observation system design method for five-dimensional reconstruction of seismic data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The channel density in step S1 refers to the total number of data channels excited and received within a unit area in seismic data acquisition.
8. The target observation system design method for five-dimensional reconstruction of seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of coverage times in step S1 refers to the number of times a certain observation system is used to repeatedly observe each underground reflection point.
9. The target observation system design method for five-dimensional reconstruction of seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition bins in step S1 refer to two sampling intervals, horizontal and vertical, for observing underground reflection points in three-dimensional seismic exploration.
10. The method for designing a target observation system for five-dimensional reconstruction of seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing bins in step S1 refer to the need to formulate uniform horizontal and vertical sampling intervals for underground reflection points in order to ensure imaging conditions during the concatenation of seismic data.