An atomizing nozzle and phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor, synthesis system and method

Abstract

The application discloses an atomizing nozzle and a phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor, a synthesis system and a synthesis method, and comprises a nozzle body, a first inlet, a second inlet, a third inlet, a fourth inlet, a fifth inlet and an outlet which are arranged on the nozzle body and are in communication with each other, the first inlet and the third inlet are both used for feeding liquid, the second inlet and the fourth inlet are both used for feeding a first gas, and the fifth inlet is used for feeding a second gas; the atomizing nozzle can strengthen gas-liquid mixing, control the size and shape of atomized particles, additionally, by arranging the atomizing nozzle on the reactor body, the distribution uniformity of materials in the space of the reactor body is improved, and a high-temperature zone in the reactor body is reduced or eliminated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to an atomizing nozzle and a phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor, synthesis system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Phosphorus pentachloride is one of the important phosphorus chlorides, which is widely used in energy, medicine, pesticide, dye, chemical fiber and other fields as an efficient chlorinating agent and catalyst, and is a raw material for producing lithium hexafluorophosphate, phosphazene chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, azathioprine and flucytosine.

[0003] The traditional phosphorus pentachloride production process is as follows: liquid phosphorus trichloride is added to a sealed reaction kettle, and chlorine gas is introduced from the bottom of the reaction kettle, so that the phosphorus trichloride is chlorinated, and the material in the reaction kettle is converted from liquid phase to solid phase; carbon dioxide gas is introduced to purge the residual phosphorus trichloride in the phosphorus pentachloride, so that the phosphorus trichloride is replaced by carbon dioxide, and the phosphorus pentachloride in the reaction kettle is completely converted into solid phase.

[0004] The above method is simple, but it is a batch operation, cannot be continuously produced, and has poor product quality and stability, poor operating environment, serious pollution, and is difficult to meet the requirements of continuous large-scale clean production. In practice, it is urgent to develop a continuous feeding method to meet the long-term stable and efficient operation of the system.

[0005] In recent years, some continuous phosphorus pentachloride production processes have also been developed, for example, patent document CN116920764A, which is characterized by atomizing phosphorus trichloride into liquid droplets and reacting with gaseous chlorine to generate phosphorus pentachloride particles. In order to control the reaction temperature, a large amount of CO2 or N2 is needed as a diluent and circulating gas for cooling, resulting in a large reactor volume and difficulty in temperature control of the system. SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the problems of difficult temperature control of the system and low product purity in the existing production of phosphorus pentachloride, and to provide a nozzle and a phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor, synthesis system and method. The present application can intensify gas-liquid mixing, control the size and shape of the atomized particles, make the liquid temperature control uniform in the reactor, eliminate the high temperature zone in the reactor, and obtain phosphorus pentachloride particles with large diameter and high purity.

[0007] The present application solves the above technical problems by the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present application provides an atomizing nozzle, which comprises a nozzle body and a first inlet, a second inlet, a third inlet, a fourth inlet, a fifth inlet and an outlet arranged on the nozzle body and communicating with each other, the first inlet and the third inlet are used for introducing liquid, the second inlet and the fourth inlet are used for introducing a first gas, and the fifth inlet is used for introducing a second gas.

[0009] The first inlet is coaxially arranged at the top end of the nozzle body, the outlet is coaxially arranged at the bottom end of the nozzle body, the second inlet, the third inlet, the fourth inlet and the fifth inlet are arranged on the side of the nozzle body, the second inlet is close to the first inlet, the liquid introduced into the first inlet is preliminarily atomized by the first gas introduced into the second inlet, the third inlet is arranged on the branch of the fourth inlet, and the liquid introduced into the third inlet is preliminarily atomized by the first gas introduced into the fourth inlet, and the fifth inlet is close to the outlet, and the preliminarily atomized liquid is secondarily atomized by the second gas introduced into the fifth inlet.

[0010] In the present application, the outlet is preferably a structure that is inwardly contracted, and the contraction angle is preferably 15-75°, more preferably 60°, and the contraction angle refers to the included angle between the side surface of the outlet and the cross section of the outlet.

[0011] In the present application, preferably, the second inlet, the fourth inlet and the fifth inlet are sequentially arranged along the direction from the first inlet to the outlet.

[0012] In the present application, preferably, the axis of the second inlet is perpendicular to the axis of the first inlet.

[0013] In the present application, preferably, the axis of the third inlet is perpendicular to the axis of the fourth inlet.

[0014] In the present application, preferably, the axis of the third inlet is parallel to the central axis of the nozzle body.

[0015] In the present application, preferably, the axis of the fifth inlet is perpendicular to the central axis of the nozzle body.

[0016] In the present application, preferably, the cross-sectional area of the first inlet is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the third inlet, and the cross section refers to the surface perpendicular to the liquid introduction direction. The first inlet and the second inlet are used as starting channel openings, a small amount of raw material is introduced at the initial stage of the reaction to carry out the reaction, and after the reaction is stable, the third inlet, the fourth inlet and the fifth inlet are started.

[0017] In the present application, the cross-sectional area of the fifth inlet is determined according to the amount of the second gas, preferably, the cross-sectional area of the fifth inlet is larger than that of the third inlet.

[0018] The present application also provides a phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor, which comprises a reactor body and a nozzle arranged on the reactor body.

[0019] The nozzle comprises a first nozzle, which is the aforementioned atomizing nozzle, and the first nozzle is arranged on the top of the reactor body, and the number of the first nozzle is at least one, and the first inlet and the third inlet are used for introducing phosphorus trichloride, and the second inlet and the fourth inlet are used for introducing carbon dioxide, and the fifth inlet is used for introducing mixed gas.

[0020] In the present application, the first nozzle is preferably arranged symmetrically with the center of the top of the reactor body as the axis, for example, when the number of the first nozzle is odd, one of the first nozzle is arranged at the center of the top of the reactor body, and the rest of the first nozzle is arranged symmetrically with the center of the top of the reactor body as the axis; when the number of the first nozzle is even, the first nozzle is arranged symmetrically with the center of the top of the reactor body as the axis.

[0021] In the present application, the number of the first nozzle can be adjusted according to the load, for example, three.

[0022] In the present application, preferably, the angle between the axis of the outlet of the first nozzle and the inner wall surface of the reactor body is 90°.

[0023] In the present application, when the number of the first nozzle is greater than or equal to two, preferably, the distance D between adjacent first nozzles along the radial direction of the reactor body is not less than 20-50 times the diameter of the outlet of the first nozzle. If the distance between adjacent first nozzles is too small, it will affect the distribution of phosphorus trichloride liquid particles and the temperature control effect, and if the distance is too large, it will increase the volume of the reactor.

[0024] In the present application, the phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor preferably further comprises a second nozzle, which is arranged on the side of the reactor body, and the second nozzle is used for introducing a chlorine source. The chlorine source is preferably liquid chlorine, which evaporates to produce chlorine gas after entering the reactor body, thereby providing chlorine gas and cooling the reactor.

[0025] Preferably, the second nozzle is at least two, and a plurality of second nozzles are arranged symmetrically along the circumferential direction of the reactor body with the axis of the reactor body as the center, thereby increasing the uniformity of the distribution of the chlorine source in the interior of the reactor body.

[0026] The second nozzle is preferably a pressure nozzle.

[0027] The outlet of the second nozzle is preferably inclined downward, and the angle between the axis of the outlet of the second nozzle and the inner wall surface of the reactor body is preferably 45-90°, for example 60°.

[0028] The second nozzle is preferably located near the top of the reactor body, so that the chlorine source participates in the reaction earlier.

[0029] In the present application, the phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor preferably further comprises a third nozzle arranged on the side of the reactor body, which is used to introduce quenching gas to cool the interior of the reactor body. The quenching gas is preferably a mixture of carbon dioxide and chlorine.

[0030] The third nozzle is preferably arranged in a plurality of numbers, and the plurality of third nozzles are arranged symmetrically around the axis of the reactor body, which improves the uniformity of the distribution of the quenching gas in the interior of the reactor body.

[0031] The third nozzle is preferably a pressure nozzle or a gas flow nozzle.

[0032] The outlet of the third nozzle is preferably inclined downward, and the angle between the axis of the outlet of the third nozzle and the inner wall surface of the reactor body is preferably 45-90°, for example 60°.

[0033] When the second nozzle is provided, the third nozzle can be located below the second nozzle.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the nozzle comprises a first nozzle, a second nozzle and a third nozzle. The first nozzle has three, one of which is arranged at the center of the top of the reactor body, and the remaining first nozzles are arranged symmetrically around the axis of the center of the top of the reactor body. The second nozzle and the third nozzle are arranged on the side of the reactor body, and the third nozzle is located below the second nozzle. The second nozzle has two, and the two second nozzles are arranged symmetrically around the axis of the reactor body. The third nozzle has two, and the two third nozzles are arranged symmetrically around the axis of the reactor body.

[0035] The present application also provides a phosphorus pentachloride continuous synthesis system, which comprises the aforementioned phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor and a circulating fan. The reactor body of the phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor is provided with a chlorine source inlet, a circulating gas outlet, a circulating gas inlet and a discharge outlet.

[0036] The circulating fan is connected between the circulating gas outlet and the circulating gas inlet, and the fifth inlet of the first nozzle is connected with the circulating fan.

[0037] In the application, when the second nozzle is provided, the second nozzle is arranged on the chlorine source inlet.

[0038] In the application, when the third nozzle is provided, the third nozzle is arranged on the circulating gas inlet, and the circulating gas outlet is connected with the third nozzle.

[0039] In the application, the circulating gas outlet is preferably arranged on the lower side of the reactor body.

[0040] In the application, the discharge outlet is preferably arranged at the bottom of the reactor body.

[0041] In the application, the phosphorus pentachloride continuous synthesis system can further comprise a cooling device, which is connected between the circulating fan and the circulating gas inlet, and is used for cooling the circulating gas.

[0042] The cooling device can be a heat exchanger in the art.

[0043] In the application, the phosphorus pentachloride continuous synthesis system can further comprise a gas purification and separation device, which is arranged between the circulating gas outlet and the circulating fan, and is used for purifying the circulating gas.

[0044] The gas purification and separation device can be a bag-type dust collector.

[0045] In the application, the phosphorus pentachloride continuous synthesis system can further comprise a product tank, which is connected with the discharge outlet.

[0046] In the application, the phosphorus pentachloride continuous synthesis system can further comprise a phosphorus trichloride storage tank, a first chlorine storage tank and a carbon dioxide storage tank, the phosphorus trichloride storage tank is connected with the first inlet and the third inlet of the first nozzle, the carbon dioxide storage tank is connected with the second inlet and the fourth inlet of the first nozzle, and the first chlorine storage tank is connected with the chlorine source inlet.

[0047] In the application, a second chlorine storage tank can be further connected with the circulating fan, which is used for supplementing chlorine gas to the circulating gas.

[0048] The application also provides a continuous synthesis method of phosphorus pentachloride, which is synthesized by using the continuous synthesis system of phosphorus pentachloride described above, and comprises the following steps: introducing phosphorus trichloride liquid into the reactor body through the first nozzle, introducing a chlorine source into the reactor body through the chlorine source inlet, and performing reaction.

[0049] In the application, the circulating gas comprises chlorine and carbon dioxide, and the volume concentration of the chlorine is preferably 5-85%, for example, 35%.

[0050] In the application, the speed of the gas at the outlet of the first nozzle is preferably 0.1-300 m / s, for example, 20 m / s. The speed of the liquid at the outlet of the first nozzle is preferably 0.01-100 m / s, for example, 1 m / s.

[0051] In the application, when the second nozzle is provided, the pressure drop of the second nozzle is preferably 0.03-0.1 MPa, for example, 0.05 MPa.

[0052] In the application, when the third nozzle is provided, the speed of the outlet of the third nozzle is preferably 5-50 m / s, for example, 10 m / s.

[0053] The positive progress effect of the application is that:

[0054] (1) The atomizing nozzle of the application can strengthen gas-liquid mixing and control the size and shape of atomized particles.

[0055] (2) By providing the atomizing nozzle of the application on the reactor body, the distribution uniformity of the material in the space of the reactor body is improved, and the high-temperature area in the reactor body is reduced or eliminated. In some embodiments of the application, the temperature in the reactor can be controlled at 40°C.

[0056] The application further improves the heat exchange effect of the material and the heat exchange medium (such as the cooled circulating gas) by providing a plurality of nozzles for introducing liquid chlorine and chilling gas on the side part layer of the reactor body.

[0057] (3) The raw material conversion rate of the application is high (can reach 99%), and the product purity is high (can reach 99.9%). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0058] Figure 1 It is a schematic view of the nozzle structure.

[0059] Figure 2 It is a schematic view of the structure of the phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor.

[0060] Figure 3 It is a schematic view of the structure of the continuous synthesis system of phosphorus pentachloride.

[0061] Reference numerals

[0062] First nozzle 1

[0063] Nozzle body 101

[0064] First inlet 102

[0065] Second inlet 103

[0066] Third inlet 104

[0067] Fourth inlet 105

[0068] Fifth inlet 106

[0069] Outlet 107

[0070] Second nozzle 2

[0071] Third nozzle 3

[0072] Reactor body 4

[0073] Chlorine source inlet 401

[0074] Circulating gas outlet 402

[0075] Circulating gas inlet 403

[0076] Discharge outlet 404

[0077] Circulating fan 5

[0078] Cooling device 6

[0079] Gas purification separation device 7

[0080] Phosphorus trichloride storage tank 8

[0081] Carbon dioxide storage tank 9

[0082] First chlorine storage tank 10

[0083] Second chlorine storage tank 11

[0084] Product tank 12 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] The present application will be further described by way of example but without intending to limit the application to the described examples.

[0086] Example 1

[0087] This example discloses an atomizing nozzle, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes: a nozzle body 101 and a first inlet 102, a second inlet 103, a third inlet 104, a fourth inlet 105, a fifth inlet 106 and an outlet 107 disposed on the nozzle body 101 and interconnected with each other. The first inlet 102 and the third inlet 104 are both used to introduce liquid, the second inlet 103 and the fourth inlet 105 are both used to introduce a first gas, and the fifth inlet 106 is used to introduce a second gas.

[0088] The first inlet 102 is coaxially located at the top of the nozzle body 101, and the outlet 107 is coaxially located at the bottom of the nozzle body 101.

[0089] The second inlet 103, the fourth inlet 105, and the fifth inlet 106 are all located on the side of the nozzle body 101. They are distributed sequentially along the direction from the first inlet 102 to the outlet 107. The axis of the second inlet 103 is perpendicular to the axis of the first inlet 102. The axis of the third inlet 104 is parallel to the central axis of the nozzle body 101, and the axis of the fourth inlet 105 is perpendicular to the axis of the third inlet 104. The second inlet 103 is located near the first inlet 102, where the first gas introduced into the second inlet 103 initially atomizes the liquid introduced into the first inlet 102. The third inlet 104 is located on a branch of the fourth inlet 105, where the first gas introduced into the fourth inlet 105 initially atomizes the liquid introduced into the third inlet 104. The fifth inlet 106 is located near the outlet 107, and its axis is perpendicular to the central axis of the nozzle body 101. The outlet 107 has an inwardly contracting structure with a contraction angle of 60°.

[0090] The first inlet 102 and the second inlet 103 serve as start-up channels. In the initial stage of the reaction, a small amount of raw material is introduced to initiate the reaction. After the reaction stabilizes, the third inlet 104, the fourth inlet 105, and the fifth inlet 106 are then activated. The cross-sectional area of ​​the first inlet 102 is smaller than that of the third inlet 104, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the fifth inlet 106 is larger than that of the third inlet 104.

[0091] Example 2

[0092] This embodiment discloses a phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a reactor body 4 and nozzles disposed on the reactor body 4. The reactor body 4 has a cylindrical structure, and the nozzles include a first nozzle 1, a second nozzle 2 and a third nozzle 3.

[0093] The first nozzle is the atomizing nozzle described in Example 1. There are three first nozzles 1, one of which is located at the center of the top of the reactor body 4. The other two first nozzles 1 are symmetrically arranged with the center of the top of the reactor body 4 as the axis. The angle between the axis of the outlet of the first nozzle 1 and the inner wall surface of the reactor body 4 is 90°. The first inlet 102 and the third inlet 104 are both used to introduce phosphorus trichloride, the second inlet 103 and the fourth inlet 105 are both used to introduce carbon dioxide, and the fifth inlet 106 is used to introduce a mixed gas, which is a mixture of carbon dioxide and chlorine. The distance D between adjacent first nozzles 1 is 20 times the outlet diameter d of the first nozzle 1.

[0094] Both the second nozzle 2 and the third nozzle 3 are located on the side of the reactor body 4, with the third nozzle 3 positioned below the second nozzle 2. The second nozzle 2 is used to introduce a chlorine source. There are two second nozzles 2, which are symmetrically arranged around the axis of the reactor body 4. The outlet of the second nozzle 2 is inclined downwards, and the angle between the outlet axis of the second nozzle 2 and the inner wall of the reactor body 4 is 60°. The second nozzle 2 is a pressure nozzle, and the structure of the pressure nozzle is the nozzle structure described in Example 1 of CN1164442A.

[0095] The third nozzle 3 is used to introduce quench gas. There are two third nozzles 3, which are symmetrically arranged around the circumference of the reactor body 4 with the axis of the reactor body 4 as the center. The outlet of the third nozzle 3 is inclined downward, and the angle between the outlet axis of the third nozzle 3 and the inner wall of the reactor body 4 is 60°. The third nozzle 3 is an airflow nozzle, and the airflow nozzle structure is the nozzle structure described in Example 2 of CN105057128B.

[0096] Example 3

[0097] This embodiment discloses a continuous synthesis system for phosphorus pentachloride, such as Figure 3 As shown, it includes: the phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor described in Example 2, the circulating fan 5, the cooling device 6, the gas purification and separation device 7, the phosphorus trichloride storage tank 8, the carbon dioxide storage tank 9, the first chlorine storage tank 10, the second chlorine storage tank 11, and the product tank 12.

[0098] The reactor body 4 is provided with a chlorine source inlet 401, a circulating gas outlet 402, a circulating gas inlet 403, and a discharge port 404. The circulating gas outlet 402 is located on the lower side of the reactor body, and the discharge port 404 is located at the bottom of the reactor body 4.

[0099] The second nozzle 2 is arranged on the chlorine source inlet 401, the third nozzle 3 is arranged on the circulating gas inlet 403, the circulating gas outlet 402 is connected with the third nozzle 3, the circulating fan 5 is connected between the circulating gas outlet 402 and the third nozzle 3, the fifth inlet 106 of the first nozzle 1 is connected with the circulating fan 5, and is used for connecting the circulating gas from the circulating fan 5.

[0100] The gas purification and separation device 7, the circulating fan 5 and the cooling device 6 are sequentially connected between the circulating gas outlet 402 and the circulating gas inlet 403 along the circulating gas flow direction. The cooling device 6 is used for cooling the circulating gas, and the cooling device 6 is a heat exchanger. The gas purification and separation device 7 is used for purifying the circulating gas, and the gas purification and separation device 7 is a bag-type dust collector.

[0101] The phosphorus trichloride storage tank 8 is connected with the first inlet 102 and the third inlet 104 of the first nozzle 1. The carbon dioxide storage tank 9 is connected with the second inlet 103 and the fourth inlet 105 of the first nozzle 1. The first chlorine storage tank 10 is connected with the chlorine source inlet 401, and the first chlorine storage tank 10 contains liquid chlorine. The second chlorine storage tank 11 is connected with the circulating fan 5, and is used for supplementing chlorine gas to the circulating gas. The product tank 12 is connected with the discharge outlet 404, and the bottom discharge outlet of the gas purification and separation device 7 is also connected with the product tank 12.

[0102] The phosphorus pentachloride is synthesized by using the above continuous synthesis system, and the synthesis method comprises the following steps:

[0103] The liquid phosphorus trichloride is introduced into the reactor body 4 through the first nozzle 1, and the liquid chlorine is introduced into the reactor body 4 through the chlorine source inlet 401, so as to perform the reaction.

[0104] The pressure in the reactor body 4 is normal pressure, the liquid raw material is phosphorus trichloride, the flow of the phosphorus trichloride is 13.7 tons / h, the circulating gas is a mixed gas of chlorine and carbon dioxide, the volume concentration of the chlorine is 35%, the circulating gas amount is 9000 Nm 3 / h, the set operating temperature is 40℃, the speed of the gas at the outlet of the first nozzle is 20 m / s, the speed of the liquid at the outlet of the first nozzle is 1 m / s, the pressure drop of the second nozzle is 0.05 MPa, and the speed of the gas at the outlet of the third nozzle is 10 m / s.

[0105] The reaction result is as follows:

[0106] The conversion rate of the raw material is 99%, the purity of the product phosphorus pentachloride is 99.9%, the D32 particle size of the phosphorus pentachloride is 20-30 um, and the highest temperature in the furnace is 40℃. The nozzle and the reactor are continuously operated for one year without failure, and meet the requirements of long-period stable and safe operation.

[0107] Comparative example 1

[0108] The present comparative example was synthesized by the scheme described in Example 1 of patent CN116920764A, wherein the flow rate of phosphorus trichloride was 13.7 tons / h, and the circulating gas amount was 14000 Nm 3 / h.

[0109] The reaction results were as follows:

[0110] The conversion rate of the raw material was 96%, the purity of the product phosphorus pentachloride was 99.8%, the D32 particle size of the phosphorus pentachloride was 100-1000 um, and the highest temperature in the furnace was 80℃.

Claims

1. A phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor characterized by, It comprises a reactor body and a nozzle arranged on the reactor body; The nozzle comprises a first nozzle comprising a nozzle body and a first inlet, a second inlet, a third inlet, a fourth inlet, a fifth inlet and an outlet arranged on the central axis of the nozzle body and communicating with each other, the first inlet and the third inlet are both used for passing liquid, the second inlet and the fourth inlet are both used for passing the first gas, and the fifth inlet is used for passing the second gas; The first inlet is coaxially arranged at the top end of the nozzle body, the outlet is coaxially arranged at the bottom end of the nozzle body, the second inlet, the third inlet, the fourth inlet and the fifth inlet are arranged on the side of the nozzle body, the second inlet, the fourth inlet and the fifth inlet are sequentially distributed in the direction from the first inlet to the outlet, the second inlet is close to the first inlet, the liquid passing through the second inlet is preliminarily atomized by the first gas passing through the second inlet, the third inlet is arranged on the branch of the fourth inlet, and the liquid passing through the third inlet is preliminarily atomized by the first gas passing through the fourth inlet; the fifth inlet is close to the outlet, and the preliminarily atomized liquid is secondarily atomized by the second gas passing through the fifth inlet; The first nozzle is arranged at the top of the reactor body, the number of the first nozzle is at least one, the first inlet and the third inlet are both used for passing phosphorus trichloride, the second inlet and the fourth inlet are both used for passing carbon dioxide, and the fifth inlet is used for passing mixed gas, which is a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and chlorine; The phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor further comprises a second nozzle and a third nozzle, the second nozzle is arranged on the side of the reactor body, and the second nozzle is used for passing a chlorine source, which is liquid chlorine; the third nozzle is arranged on the side of the reactor body, and the third nozzle is used for passing a chilling gas, and the third nozzle is located below the second nozzle.

2. The phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor of claim 1, wherein, The outlet is a structure that contracts inwardly, and the contraction angle is 15-75°, the contraction angle refers to the included angle between the side surface of the outlet and the cross section of the outlet; And / or, the axis of the second inlet is perpendicular to the axis of the first inlet; And / or, the axis of the third inlet is parallel to the central axis of the nozzle body; And / or, the axis of the fourth inlet is perpendicular to the axis of the third inlet; And / or, the axis of the fifth inlet is perpendicular to the central axis of the nozzle body; And / or, the area of the cross section of the first inlet is smaller than the area of the cross section of the third inlet, the cross section refers to the surface perpendicular to the liquid inlet direction; And / or, the area of the cross section of the fifth inlet is greater than the area of the cross section of the third inlet.

3. The phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor of claim 2, wherein, The contraction angle is 60°.

4. The phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor of claim 1, wherein, The first nozzles are arranged symmetrically about the center of the top of the reactor body, when the first nozzles are odd in number, one of the first nozzles is arranged at the center of the top of the reactor body, and the rest of the first nozzles are arranged symmetrically about the center of the top of the reactor body; when the first nozzles are even in number, the first nozzles are arranged symmetrically about the center of the top of the reactor body; When the number of the first nozzles is greater than or equal to two, the spacing D of adjacent first nozzles along the radial direction of the reactor body is not less than 20-50 times the diameter of the outlet of the first nozzles; And / or, the number of the first nozzles is three; And / or, the angle between the axis of the outlet of the first nozzles and the inner wall surface of the reactor body is 90°.

5. The phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor of claim 1, wherein, It meets one or more of the following conditions: ① The second nozzles are at least two, and multiple second nozzles are arranged symmetrically about the axis of the reactor body along the circumferential direction of the reactor body; ② The second nozzles are pressure nozzles; ③ The outlet of the second nozzles is inclined downward; ④ The second nozzles are located near the top of the reactor body; ⑤ The third nozzles are at least two, and multiple third nozzles are arranged symmetrically about the axis of the reactor body along the circumferential direction of the reactor body; ⑥ The third nozzles are gas flow nozzles; ⑦ The outlet of the third nozzles is inclined downward.

6. The phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor of claim 5, wherein, The angle between the axis of the outlet of the second nozzles and the inner wall surface of the reactor body is 45-90°; And / or, the angle between the axis of the outlet of the third nozzles and the inner wall surface of the reactor body is 45-90°.

7. The phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor of claim 6, wherein, The angle between the axis of the outlet of the second nozzles and the inner wall surface of the reactor body is 60°; And / or, the angle between the axis of the outlet of the third nozzles and the inner wall surface of the reactor body is 60°.

8. The phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor of claim 1, wherein, The first nozzles are three, one of the first nozzles is arranged at the center of the top of the reactor body, and the rest of the first nozzles are arranged symmetrically about the center of the top of the reactor body; the second nozzles are two, and the two second nozzles are arranged symmetrically about the axis of the reactor body along the circumferential direction of the reactor body; the third nozzles are two, and the two third nozzles are arranged symmetrically about the axis of the reactor body along the circumferential direction of the reactor body.

9. A phosphorus pentachloride continuous synthesis system, characterized by, It comprises the phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor and a circulating fan, the phosphorus pentachloride synthesis reactor is provided with a chlorine source inlet, a circulating gas outlet, a circulating gas inlet and a discharge outlet on the reactor body; The circulating fan is connected between the circulating gas outlet and the circulating gas inlet, and the fifth inlet of the first nozzle is connected with the circulating fan.

10. The phosphorus pentachloride continuous synthesis system of claim 9, wherein, The second nozzles are arranged on the chlorine source inlet; The third nozzles are arranged on the circulating gas inlet, and the circulating gas outlet is connected with the third nozzles; And / or, the circulating gas outlet is arranged on the lower side of the reactor body; And / or, the discharge outlet is arranged at the bottom of the reactor body; And / or, the phosphorus pentachloride continuous synthesis system further comprises a cooling device, which is connected between the circulating fan and the circulating gas inlet; And / or, the phosphorus pentachloride continuous synthesis system further comprises a gas purification and separation device, which is arranged between the circulating gas outlet and the circulating fan; And / or, the phosphorus pentachloride continuous synthesis system further comprises a product tank, which is connected with the discharge port; And / or, the phosphorus pentachloride continuous synthesis system further comprises a phosphorus trichloride storage tank, a first chlorine storage tank and a carbon dioxide storage tank, the phosphorus trichloride storage tank is connected with the first inlet and the third inlet of the first nozzle, the carbon dioxide storage tank is connected with the second inlet and the fourth inlet of the first nozzle, and the first chlorine storage tank is connected with the chlorine source inlet; And / or, a second chlorine storage tank is further connected with the circulating fan.

11. The phosphorus pentachloride continuous synthesis system of claim 10, wherein, The cooling device is a heat exchanger; And / or, the gas purification and separation device is a bag-type dust collector.

12. A continuous process for the synthesis of phosphorus pentachloride, characterized in that, The phosphorus pentachloride continuous synthesis system of any one of claims 9-11 is used for synthesis, which comprises the following steps: passing phosphorus trichloride liquid into the reactor body through the first nozzle, passing a chlorine source into the reactor body through the chlorine source inlet, and reacting.

13. The continuous synthesis of phosphorus pentachloride according to claim 12, wherein, The circulating gas comprises chlorine and carbon dioxide, and the volume concentration of the chlorine is 5-85%; And / or, the speed of the gas at the outlet of the first nozzle is 0.1-300 m / s; And / or, the speed of the liquid at the outlet of the first nozzle is 0.01-100 m / s.

14. The continuous synthesis of phosphorus pentachloride according to claim 13, wherein, The volume concentration of the chlorine is 35%; And / or, the speed of the gas at the outlet of the first nozzle is 20 m / s; And / or, the speed of the liquid at the outlet of the first nozzle is 1 m / s.

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