Temperature, pressure and displacement cooperative control device and method for multi-scene machining

Abstract

The invention provides a temperature, pressure and displacement cooperative control device and method for multi-scene machining. The temperature, pressure and displacement cooperative control device comprises numerical control machining equipment, a three-dimensional force detection device, a temperature detection device, a displacement detection device, a controller and a computer. The three-dimensional force detection device and the temperature detection device measure the downward pressure Fz and the temperature between the cutter and the workpiece in real time, and the displacement detection device is used for measuring the relative distance between the cutter and the surface of the workpiece in real time. According to the mutual relation among the down force Fz, the temperature, the displacement and the machining parameters, the temperature, pressure and displacement cooperative control method is established, different technological parameters in the machining period are actively regulated and controlled, the temperature, the down force and the displacement in the machining period are accurately controlled, defects in the machining period are reduced, and the quality of machined workpieces is improved. And the stability and effectiveness of cooperative control in the machining process are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of CNC machining equipment, and in particular to a temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device and method for multi-scenario machining. Background Art

[0002] CNC machining is a means of modernizing production in pillar industries such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, and rail transportation. It mainly includes welding of parts and components and additive and subtractive manufacturing. Large, complex, thin-walled metal components are widely used in different fields. The components have the characteristics of large size and various shapes. Therefore, CNC machining for multiple scenarios is an important product in line with the current era. At the same time, different tools are used to match the processing requirements of different workpieces, and the control methods of different processing modes are switched to meet the processing requirements of actual structural parts.

[0003] During the processing of metal components, the tool and the component are in close contact, and heat is generated by friction at the interface between the tool and the component. At the same time, the spindle tool will apply a certain amount of pressure to the component to ensure that the component reaches the required accuracy and quality after processing. Therefore, multiple actions such as pressing down, processing and lifting will be performed continuously during processing. If an error occurs in the execution of a single action, it is difficult to meet its processing requirements. For solid-phase welding and additive manufacturing, the contact temperature, pressure and displacement between the tool and the workpiece are important indicator parameters for evaluating the processing period, because the mechanical properties and surface quality of the component are very sensitive to its process parameters. During solid-phase metal processing, the tool will press into the component to a certain depth. When the tool temperature is too high, the material softens, the material adheres to the tool surface, and the forming quality is poor; when the temperature is low, the processing vibration is large, defects are generated inside the component, and the mechanical properties are poor. When the pressure is large, the contact temperature rises, causing the substrate to deform and unable to meet the processing requirements. In summary, under the open-loop control method, the processing stability of welding and additive manufacturing is poor. Therefore, in order to improve the stability of the quality of process components and reduce the fluctuation of machining loads, a device and method for coordinated control of temperature, pressure and displacement are proposed, which has important value and significance in the engineering application process of CNC machining.

[0004] The main process parameters in CNC machining include: spindle speed, traverse speed, downward pressure, axial pressure, machining temperature, etc. Position control, displacement control and pressure control are commonly used in CNC machining. Position control is generally based on open-loop control and mechanical machining; displacement control means that the downward pressure between the tool and the workpiece surface is kept at a constant value during machining, and the displacement in the Z direction can be automatically adjusted; pressure control means that the axial pressure is within a constant pressure range during machining. In summary, the commonly used control method can meet the needs of single-function CNC machining, but cannot meet the machining requirements of multiple functions and multiple application scenarios. At the same time, since the contact temperature between the tool and the workpiece during machining is not considered, it is not suitable for reciprocating cycle machining of complex components.

[0005] At present, the following problems need to be solved urgently in multi-scenario processing technology: 1. During the processing, the downward pressure fluctuates due to the deviation of the shape and position size of the workpiece, the accumulation of heat during the processing, etc., and the stability of the processing process is poor. At the same time, the downward pressure during the processing is insufficient or too large, which affects the quality and precision of the processed components. 2. The heat accumulation between the tool and the component during the processing causes the interface contact temperature to be too high, and the processed component is severely softened, resulting in reduced component quality and failure to meet the requirements of actual engineering applications. 3. There is a lack of a temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device and method for multi-scenario processing, which can modify the control parameters according to the processing parameters and requirements of different workpieces, so as to meet the actual processing needs of various different processes and realize engineering applications. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a temperature, pressure and displacement collaborative control device and method for multi-scenario processing. By obtaining multi-source signals such as temperature, downward pressure and displacement during processing as a basis, combined with a temperature-pressure-displacement collaborative control strategy, the processing quality and accuracy of different processes are improved, thereby expanding the trial scope of the control device and method.

[0007] According to one object of the present invention, the present invention provides a temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing, including a numerical control processing device, a three-dimensional force detection device, a temperature detection device, a displacement detection device, a controller and a computer, wherein:

[0008] The CNC machining equipment comprises a feeding system and a spindle structure, a tool handle and a tool mechanism are installed at the bottom end of the spindle structure, the tool handle is connected to the spindle structure, and the tool is connected to the tool handle;

[0009] The three-dimensional force detection device includes a three-dimensional force sensor and a three-dimensional force acquisition card, wherein the three-dimensional force sensor is fixed between the spindle structure and the tool handle, the three-dimensional force sensor is electrically connected to the three-dimensional force acquisition card, and the three-dimensional force acquisition card is connected to the signal input terminal of the computer, and is used to collect forces in different directions during the processing. The computer displays the three-dimensional force during the processing, and controls the downforce (Fz) to the set downforce in real time by adjusting the processing parameters;

[0010] The temperature detection device includes a thermocouple probe and a temperature acquisition card. The thermocouple probe is placed in the hole of the processed tool. The wireless transmitting end of the temperature acquisition card is electrically connected to the thermocouple probe. The wireless receiving end of the temperature acquisition card is connected to the signal input end of the computer, and is used to collect the real-time temperature of the tool during the processing, and control the tool temperature to an ideal temperature range in real time by adjusting the processing parameters.

[0011] The displacement detection device includes a laser displacement sensor and a displacement acquisition card. The laser displacement sensor is installed on the side of the spindle structure and is used to measure the distance between the tool and the workpiece in real time. The displacement acquisition card is electrically connected to the laser displacement sensor and is connected to the signal input of the computer through a signal line to collect the displacement during the processing.

[0012] The signal output end of the computer is connected to the signal input end of the controller through a data line, and the signal output end of the controller is connected to the feed system and the motor driver of the spindle structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the feeding system includes an X-axis structure, a Y-axis structure, a Z-axis structure and a four-axis turntable, and the workpiece is fixedly mounted on the worktable surface by a fixture.

[0014] Furthermore, a spindle motor is fixed on the spindle structure, and a Z-axis motor is fixed on the Z-axis structure.

[0015] Furthermore, the controller is a programmable logic controller.

[0016] Furthermore, the three-dimensional force sensor is fixedly installed between the spindle structure and the tool handle.

[0017] Furthermore, the laser displacement sensor is fixedly mounted on the side of the spindle structure through a bracket.

[0018] According to another object of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for using the temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1. Establish a dedicated database for different processing technologies

[0020] S101, fix the workpiece to be processed on the workbench, automatically clear the three-dimensional force and laser displacement sensors before processing, and then repeat the processing of the workpiece at least three times using processing parameters of different processes; during the processing, measure the temperature, three-dimensional force and displacement during the processing in real time through a thermocouple probe, a three-dimensional force sensor and a laser displacement sensor, and transmit the temperature, force and displacement data to a computer through an acquisition card;

[0021] S102, testing the quality of the workpiece corresponding to the temperature and the downward pressure of all the above experiments, and further establishing the relationship between the temperature, downward pressure and the corresponding processing parameters during the processing, deriving the related nonlinear relationship diagram, and obtaining the safe range of the temperature and downward pressure Fz when there is no defect according to the quality of the workpiece;

[0022] S103, inputting the relationship between the temperature and the down force Fz obtained from the experiment and the processing parameters, as well as the safe range of the temperature and the down force Fz in the absence of defects, into the computer;

[0023] S2: Further preparation for processing based on the steps in S1

[0024] S201, according to the processing requirements of different processes, the target value of the tool pressing amount (△h) and the deviation range of the pressing amount of different processes are set in the computer, and the calculation formula h=d-△h is set in the controller; wherein d is the distance between the emission point of the laser displacement sensor and the lower surface of the tool, and h is the real-time measured distance between the emission point of the laser displacement sensor and the surface of the component to be processed; when the tool pressing amount △h is the target value, h is the set distance from the emission point of the laser displacement sensor to the surface of the workpiece to be welded;

[0025] S202, setting a processing path and corresponding processing parameters in a computer according to the processing requirements of the component to be processed;

[0026] S3. Set the processing path and related processing parameters, and set the control thresholds of temperature, pressure and displacement during the processing.

[0027] S301, input different processing steps and related parameters on the computer according to the processing requirements of different processes;

[0028] S302, when starting processing, the computer outputs processing parameters and path instructions to the controller; the controller reads the processing instructions and sends control signals to the spindle motor and the feed system, the spindle motor drives the tool holder to realize the rotation of the tool, and controls the Z-axis structure to move downward to realize the downward pressure of the tool; in this process, the laser displacement sensor outputs the measured real-time distance from the laser emission point to the surface of the workpiece to be processed to the controller, and the controller compares the real-time distance with the set distance. When the real-time distance reaches the set distance, when the controller sends a stop downward pressure instruction to the Z-axis motor, the downward pressure stage of the tool is completed, and execution begins along the pre-set processing path;

[0029] S4. Process control

[0030] During the machining process, the laser displacement sensor measures the real-time distance from the emission point to the surface of the workpiece to be machined, and transmits the collected measurement value to the controller in real time; the controller calculates the change of the tool pressing amount △h according to h=d-△h, and compares it with the set displacement threshold to determine whether it exceeds the deviation range;

[0031] When the deviation range is exceeded, the controller outputs a control signal to the Z-axis motor driver in the feed system to change the Z-axis position of the tool in real time to ensure that the tool press-in amount is the set value; at the same time, the thermocouple probe and the three-dimensional force sensor monitor the interaction temperature and downward pressure between the tool and the workpiece in real time, and feed back the real-time temperature data and downward pressure data to the computer;

[0032] The controller compares the safe range of temperature and downward pressure in its dedicated database. If the temperature and downward pressure data measured by the controller in real time are within the safe range, the controller will continue to execute the current parameters for processing; on the contrary, if the real-time temperature and downward pressure data are beyond the safe range, the computer transmits to the controller a signal to adjust the spindle speed, the X-axis lateral speed, and the Z-axis up and down movement. When the temperature data is not within the safe range, the downward pressure data is within the safe range. At this time, the computer transmits a signal instruction to adjust the spindle speed or the X-axis lateral movement speed. The controller receives its control instruction and transmits it to the spindle and X-axis drivers for execution, adjusts the spindle speed and the X-axis lateral movement speed, and detects the temperature and downward pressure data in real time and feeds them back to the computer, and processes with the current processing parameters; on the contrary, when the controller finds that the downward pressure data is not within the safe range, the temperature data is within the safe range, the controller receives and transmits instructions to adjust the Z-axis up and down movement, and detects the temperature and downward pressure data in real time and feeds them back to the computer for comparison, and processes with the current processing parameters.

[0033] Furthermore, in S101, the material of the workpiece to be processed is consistent with that of the engineering application workpiece.

[0034] Furthermore, in S101, the data transmitted to the computer include the temperature of the tool, the downward force Fz perpendicular to the workpiece surface, the lateral force Fx parallel to the processing direction, and the lateral force Fy perpendicular to the processing direction; the temperature-controlled processing parameters include the spindle speed and the X-axis lateral speed, and the downward force-controlled processing parameters are mainly the up and down movement of the Z-axis.

[0035] Furthermore, the processing parameters in S203 include traverse speed, tool rotation speed, tool dwell time, processing temperature, down force and tool penetration amount.

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. The present invention can directly measure the temperature of the actual processing area of ​​the tool and the workpiece through the temperature detection device, analyze and compare the measured data, actively adjust the parameters in the processing process, and accurately control the heat input of the processing process, thereby improving the quality of the processed workpiece.

[0038] 2. The present invention adopts a thermocouple probe to directly measure the temperature and a three-dimensional force sensor to collect the downward pressure, and actively controls the heat input and downward pressure in the tool processing process through the temperature-pressure-displacement coordinated control method, thereby improving the stability and effectiveness of the coordinated control during the processing process, effectively reducing the deformation of the workpiece, and improving the forming quality of the workpiece.

[0039] 3. The temperature-pressure-displacement coordinated control method adopted by the present invention can effectively avoid defects during the processing, and can meet the processing requirements of large and complex thin-walled structural parts, effectively reduce the deformation of the workpiece, and improve the processing quality of metal components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a numerical control processing equipment control device used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control for multi-scenario processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a control method for coordinated control of temperature, pressure and displacement in a multi-scenario machining process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] In the figure: 1. CNC machining equipment; 2. Z-axis structure; 3. Z-axis motor; 4. Spindle motor; 5. Spindle structure; 6. Laser displacement sensor; 7. Three-dimensional force sensor; 8. Tool; 9. Tool handle; 10. Thermocouple probe; 11. Workbench; 12. Four-axis turntable; 13. X-axis structure; 14. Y-axis structure; 15. Temperature acquisition card; 16. Three-dimensional force acquisition card; 17. Displacement acquisition card; 18. Controller; 19. Computer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0047] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, a temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing includes a CNC processing device 1, a displacement detection device, a three-dimensional force detection device, a temperature detection device, a controller 18 and a computer 19;

[0050] The CNC machining equipment 1 includes a feeding system, which includes an X-axis structure 13, a Y-axis structure 14, a Z-axis structure 2 and a four-axis turntable 12. The four-axis turntable 12 is fixedly installed above the X-axis structure 13 and the Y-axis structure 14. A workbench 11 is installed above the four-axis turntable 12, and a workpiece is fixedly installed on the surface of the workbench 11 through a fixture;

[0051] A Z-axis motor 3 is provided at the upper end in the Z-axis direction, a spindle motor 4 is provided on the spindle structure 5 , and a tool 8 is fixedly installed below a tool handle 9 , which is connected to the spindle structure 5 .

[0052] The displacement detection device mainly includes a laser displacement sensor 6 and a displacement acquisition card 17. The laser displacement sensor 6 is fixedly mounted on the spindle structure 5 through a bracket and is electrically connected to the displacement acquisition card 17. The displacement detection device measures the distance d between the emission point of the laser displacement sensor and the lower surface of the tool, and adjusts the tool pressing amount △h in real time through the calculation formula h=d-△h. The controller 18 compares the displacement with the set displacement threshold to determine whether it exceeds the deviation range.

[0053] The three-dimensional force detection device includes a three-dimensional force sensor 7 and a three-dimensional force acquisition card 16, etc.; the three-dimensional force sensor 7 is fixedly installed between the spindle structure 5 and the tool handle 9 through a connecting plate, and the three-dimensional force sensor 7 is electrically connected to the multi-dimensional acquisition card 16; the Fz, Fx and Fy signals output by the three-dimensional force sensor 7 are amplified and filtered, and then converted into digital signals and sent to the computer 19; the three-dimensional force acquisition card 16 is connected to the signal input end of the computer 19, and is used to collect Fz, Fx and Fy during the processing, and the computer 19 displays the three-dimensional force during the processing;

[0054] The temperature detection device includes a thermocouple probe 10 and a temperature acquisition card 15, etc. The thermocouple probe 10 is placed in the thermocouple preset hole of the tool 8 and is in direct contact with the workpiece to be processed. The temperature acquisition card 15 is electrically connected to the thermocouple probe 10, and the temperature signal is transmitted through the wireless transmitting end. The wireless receiving end is connected to the computer 19, and the wirelessly transmitted signal is transmitted to the computer 19.

[0055] The signal output terminal of the computer 19 is connected to the signal input terminal of the controller 18 through a data line, and the signal output terminal of the controller 18 is connected to the motor driver and the spindle motor driver of the feed system. The controller 18 is a programmable logic controller;

[0056] The present invention is based on the control method of the temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing, and specifically includes the following steps: Figure 2 As shown,

[0057] S1. Establish a dedicated database for different processing technologies, as follows:

[0058] S101, fix the workpiece to be processed on the workbench 11, the material of the workpiece to be processed is consistent with that of the engineering application workpiece; automatically clear the laser displacement sensor 6 and the three-dimensional force sensor 7 before processing, and then repeat the processing of the workpiece at least three times using processing parameters of different processes; during the processing, the temperature and three-dimensional force between the tool and the workpiece are measured in real time by the thermocouple probe 10 and the three-dimensional force sensor 7, and the distance between the tool surface and the emission point is measured in real time by the laser displacement sensor 6, and the temperature, three-dimensional force and displacement data are transmitted to the computer 19 through the temperature acquisition card 15, the three-dimensional force acquisition card 16 and the displacement acquisition card 17; the transmitted data mainly include the temperature of the tool, the downward pressure Fz perpendicular to the workpiece surface, the lateral force Fx parallel to the processing direction and the lateral force Fy perpendicular to the processing direction; the processing parameters of temperature control mainly include the spindle speed and the X-axis lateral speed, and the processing parameters of downward pressure control mainly include the up and down movement of the Z-axis;

[0059] S102, testing the quality of the workpiece corresponding to the temperature and the downward pressure during each set of experiments, and further establishing the relationship between the temperature, downward pressure and the corresponding processing parameters during the processing, deriving the related nonlinear relationship diagram, and obtaining the safe range of the temperature and downward pressure Fz under the condition of no defects according to the quality of the processed workpiece;

[0060] S103, the relationship between the temperature and the pressure Fz obtained from the above experiment and the processing parameters, as well as the safe range of the temperature and the pressure Fz in the absence of defects, are all input into the computer 19;

[0061] S2. Further preparation for processing based on the above steps, the specific process is as follows:

[0062] S201, fixing the metal component to be processed on the four-axis turntable 12;

[0063] S202, according to the processing requirements of different processes, the target value of the tool penetration (cutting amount) △h and the deviation range of the penetration of different processes are set in the computer 19, and the calculation formula h=d-△h is set in the controller; wherein d is the distance between the emission point of the laser displacement sensor and the lower surface of the tool, and h is the real-time measured distance between the emission point of the laser displacement sensor and the surface of the component to be processed; when the tool penetration △h is the target value, h is the set distance from the emission point of the laser displacement sensor to the surface of the workpiece to be welded;

[0064] S203, according to the processing requirements of the component to be processed, the processing path and corresponding processing parameters are set in the computer 19; usually including the traverse speed, tool rotation speed, tool dwell time and processing temperature, down force and tool penetration amount, etc.

[0065] S3, set the processing path and related processing parameters, and set the control thresholds such as temperature, pressure and pressure amount during the processing, such as Figure 3 As shown, the details are as follows:

[0066] S301, input different processing steps and related parameters into the computer 19 according to the processing requirements of different processes;

[0067] S302, when the processing starts, the computer 19 outputs the processing parameters and path instructions to the controller 18 for the feed system; the controller 18 reads the processing instructions and sends control signals to the spindle motor 4 and the feed system, the spindle motor 4 drives the tool holder 9 to realize the rotation of the tool 8, and controls the Z-axis structure to move downward to realize the pressing of the tool; in this process, the laser displacement sensor 6 outputs the measured real-time distance from the laser emission point to the surface of the workpiece to be processed to the controller 18, and the controller 18 compares the real-time distance with the set distance. When the real-time distance reaches the set distance, when the controller 18 sends a stop pressing instruction to the Z-axis motor 3, the pressing stage of the tool is completed, and it starts to execute along the pre-set processing path;

[0068] S4. During the machining process, the laser displacement sensor 6 measures the real-time distance from the emission point to the surface of the workpiece to be machined, and transmits the collected measurement value to the controller 18 in real time; the controller 18 calculates the change of the tool pressing amount △h according to h=d-△h, and compares it with the set displacement threshold value to determine whether it exceeds the deviation range;

[0069] When the deviation range is exceeded, the controller 18 outputs a control signal to the Z-axis motor 3 driver of the Z-axis structure 2 in the feed system, and changes the Z-axis position of the tool in real time to ensure that the tool pressing amount is the set value; at the same time, the thermocouple probe 10 and the three-dimensional force sensor 7 monitor the interaction temperature and downward pressure between the tool and the workpiece in real time, and feed back the real-time temperature and downward pressure data to the computer 19;

[0070] Further, the controller 18 compares the safe range of temperature and downward pressure in its dedicated database. If the temperature and downward pressure data measured in real time by the controller 18 are within the safe range, the controller 18 will continue to execute the current parameters for processing; on the contrary, if the real-time temperature and downward pressure data are beyond the safe range, the computer 19 transmits a signal to the controller 18 to adjust the spindle speed, the X-axis lateral speed and the vertical movement of the Z-axis 3. The instructions received by the controller 18 are transmitted to the corresponding motor driver for execution, and the temperature and downward pressure are changed by adjusting the current parameters of the spindle 5 and the feed system, and the real-time measured data signal is fed back to the computer 19 for comparison, and processing is performed according to the adjusted processing parameters;

[0071] When the controller 18 finds that the temperature data is not within the safe range, the downforce data is within the safe range. At this time, the computer 19 transmits a signal instruction to adjust the rotation speed of the spindle structure 5 or the lateral movement speed of the X-axis structure 13. The controller 18 receives the control instruction and transmits it to the spindle structure 5 and the X-axis structure 13 driver for execution, adjusts the lateral movement speed of the spindle structure 5 and the X-axis structure 13, and detects the temperature and downforce data in real time and feeds them back to the computer, and performs processing with the current processing parameters; on the contrary, when the controller 18 finds that the downforce data is not within the safe range, the temperature data is within the safe range, the controller 18 receives and transmits instructions to adjust the up and down movement of the Z-axis, and detects the temperature and downforce data in real time and feeds them back to the computer 19 for comparison, and performs processing with the current processing parameters.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing, characterized in that: It includes CNC machining equipment, three-dimensional force detection device, temperature detection device, displacement detection device, controller and computer, wherein: The CNC machining equipment comprises a feeding system and a spindle structure, a tool handle is installed at the bottom end of the spindle structure, the tool handle is fixedly connected to the tool, and the tool is connected to the spindle structure through the tool handle and realizes rotation; The three-dimensional force detection device includes a three-dimensional force sensor and a three-dimensional force acquisition card. The three-dimensional force sensor is fixed between the spindle structure and the tool handle. The three-dimensional force sensor is electrically connected to the three-dimensional force acquisition card. The three-dimensional force acquisition card is connected to the signal input terminal of the computer and is used to collect forces in different directions during the processing. The computer displays the three-dimensional force during the processing, and controls the downforce Fz to the set downforce in real time by adjusting the processing parameters. The temperature detection device includes a thermocouple probe and a temperature acquisition card. The thermocouple probe is placed in a preset hole processed by the tool. The wireless transmitting end of the temperature acquisition card is electrically connected to the thermocouple probe. The wireless receiving end of the temperature acquisition card is connected to the signal input end of the computer, and is used to collect the real-time temperature of the tool during the processing, and to control the tool temperature to an ideal temperature range in real time by adjusting the processing parameters. The displacement detection device includes a laser displacement sensor and a displacement acquisition card. The laser displacement sensor is installed on the side of the spindle structure and is used to measure the distance between the tool and the workpiece in real time. The displacement acquisition card is electrically connected to the laser displacement sensor and is connected to the signal input of the computer through a signal line to collect the displacement during the processing. The signal output end of the computer is connected to the signal input end of the controller through a data line, and the signal output end of the controller is connected to the feed system and the motor driver of the spindle structure.

2. The temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The feeding system includes an X-axis structure, a Y-axis structure, a Z-axis structure and a four-axis turntable. The four-axis turntable is arranged above the X-axis structure and the Y-axis structure. There is a workbench for fixing the workpiece on the top of the four-axis turntable. The workpiece is fixed to the surface of the workbench by a clamp.

3. The temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A spindle motor is fixed on the spindle structure, and a Z-axis motor is fixed on the Z-axis structure.

4. The temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The controller is a programmable logic controller.

5. The temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The three-dimensional force sensor is fixed between the spindle structure and the tool.

6. The temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The laser displacement sensor is fixedly mounted on the side of the connecting disk of the spindle structure through a bracket.

7. The method for using the temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Establish a dedicated database for different processing technologies S101, fix the workpiece to be processed on the workbench, automatically clear the three-dimensional force sensor before the processing starts, and then repeat the processing of the workpiece at least three times using processing parameters of different processes; during the processing, measure the temperature and downward force between the tool and the workpiece in real time through the thermocouple probe and the three-dimensional force sensor, and transmit the temperature and force data to the computer through the acquisition card; S102, testing the quality of the workpiece corresponding to the temperature and the downward pressure during each set of experiments, and further establishing the relationship between the temperature, downward pressure and the corresponding processing parameters during the processing, deriving the related nonlinear relationship diagram, and obtaining the safe range of the temperature and downward pressure Fz under the condition of no defects according to the quality of the processed workpiece; S103, inputting the relationship between the temperature and the down force Fz obtained from the above experiment and the processing parameters, as well as the safe range of the temperature and the down force Fz in the absence of defects, into a computer; S2: Further preparation for processing based on the steps in S1 S201, fixing the metal component to be processed on the four-axis turntable; S202, according to the processing requirements of different processes, set the target value of the tool pressing amount △h and the deviation range of the pressing amount of different processes in the computer, and set the calculation formula h=d-△h in the controller; wherein d is the distance between the emission point of the laser displacement sensor and the lower surface of the tool, and h is the real-time measured distance between the emission point of the laser displacement sensor and the surface of the component to be processed; when the tool pressing amount △h is the target value, h is the set distance from the emission point of the laser displacement sensor to the surface of the workpiece to be welded; S203, setting a processing path and corresponding processing parameters in a computer according to the processing requirements of the component to be processed; S3. Set the processing path and related processing parameters, and set the temperature and pressure control thresholds during the processing. S301, input different processing steps and related parameters on the computer according to the processing requirements of different processes; S302, when processing starts, the computer outputs the processing parameters and path instructions of the feed system to the controller; the controller reads the processing instructions and sends control signals to the spindle motor and the feed system, the spindle motor drives the tool to rotate, and at the same time controls the Z-axis structure to move downward to realize the downward pressure of the tool; in this process, the laser displacement sensor outputs the measured real-time distance from the laser emission point to the surface of the workpiece to be processed to the controller, and the controller compares the real-time distance with the set distance. When the real-time distance reaches the set distance, when the controller sends a stop downward pressure instruction to the Z-axis motor, the downward pressure stage of the tool is completed, and execution begins along the pre-set processing path; S4. Process control During the machining process, the laser displacement sensor measures the real-time distance from the emission point to the surface of the workpiece to be machined, and transmits the collected measurement value to the controller in real time; the controller calculates the change of the tool pressing amount △h according to h=d-△h, and compares it with the set displacement threshold to determine whether it exceeds the deviation range; When the deviation range is exceeded, the controller outputs a control signal to the Z-axis motor driver that controls the Z-axis structure in the feed system, and changes the Z-axis position of the tool in real time to ensure that the tool press-in amount is the set value; at the same time, the thermocouple probe and the three-dimensional force sensor monitor the interaction temperature and downward pressure between the tool and the workpiece in real time, and feed back the real-time temperature and downward pressure data to the computer; The controller compares the safe range of temperature and downward force with that in its dedicated database. If the temperature and downward force data measured by the controller in real time are both within the safe range, the controller will continue to execute the current parameters for processing. On the contrary, if the real-time temperature and downward force data are both beyond the safe range, the computer transmits signals to the controller to adjust the spindle speed, X-axis traverse speed, and Z-axis up and down movement. The instructions received by the controller are transmitted to the corresponding motor driver for execution and the real-time measured data signals are fed back to the computer for comparison. When the controller finds that the temperature data is not within the safe range, the downforce data is within the safe range. At this time, the computer transmits a signal instruction to adjust the spindle speed or the X-axis lateral speed, adjusts the spindle speed and the X-axis lateral speed, and detects the temperature and downforce data in real time and feeds them back to the computer. Conversely, when the controller finds that the downforce data is not within the safe range, the temperature data is within the safe range, the controller receives and transmits instructions to adjust the Z-axis up and down movement, and detects the temperature and downforce data in real time and feeds them back to the computer for comparison, and performs processing with the current processing parameters.

8. The method for using the temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In S101 , the material of the workpiece to be processed is consistent with that of the engineering application workpiece.

9. The method for using the temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In S101, the data transmitted to the computer include the temperature of the tool, the downward force Fz perpendicular to the workpiece surface, the lateral force Fx parallel to the processing direction, and the lateral force Fy perpendicular to the processing direction; the temperature-controlled processing parameters include the spindle speed and the X-axis lateral speed, and the downward force-controlled processing parameters are mainly the up and down movement of the Z-axis.

10. The method for using the temperature, pressure and displacement coordinated control device for multi-scenario processing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The processing parameters in S203 include traverse speed, tool rotation speed, tool dwell time, processing temperature, down force and tool penetration amount.

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