Assessment method for water level rise in coastal enclosed waters caused by overtopping during typhoons

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for evaluating the water level rise of closed coastal waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon process, which belongs to the field of coastal engineering hydrodynamics and overtopping technology, and includes: step one: building a regional wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model, and calculating the front wind, tide level and wave duration process parameters of coastal structures during a typhoon process for a typical typhoon process; step two: establishing a physical model, conducting a series of tests on overtopping of structures during a typhoon process, and determining the total overtopping water volume of the entire structure; step three: establishing a three-dimensional terrain model of closed waters between coastal structures, and obtaining a relationship curve between the water volume increment and water level rise of closed waters between structures; step four: evaluating the water level rise of closed coastal waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon process. The method of the present invention for evaluating the water level rise of closed coastal waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon process can accurately evaluate the water level rise of closed coastal waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for evaluating water level rise in a coastal enclosed water area caused by overtopping during a typhoon process, and belongs to the technical field of coastal engineering hydrodynamics and overtopping. Background Art

[0002] Coastal areas are the most economically active and developed regions, but they are also threatened by marine disasters such as storm surges and disastrous waves. Storm surges and disastrous waves are mostly caused by typhoons. Storm surges and huge waves during typhoons may cause seawater to flood coastal areas, seriously endangering the lives and property of the people.

[0003] In order to promote the high-quality development of river-sea direct transportation and inland waterway shipping, and to improve the collection and distribution level of regional seaports, the demand for the construction of domestic river-sea direct sea-going channels continues to increase. River-sea direct sea-going channels in estuary and coastal areas often require the construction of navigation facilities such as sea-going ship locks and navigation dikes. Among them, the navigation dikes on both sides of the waterway have the functions of "stabilizing boundaries, consolidating shoals, guiding and escorting, and controlling saltiness", which are indispensable. The navigation dikes on both sides of the waterway of the river-sea direct sea-going channel need to be connected to the urban flood control circle in the estuary and coastal areas, and a closed water area is formed between the navigation dikes on both sides.

[0004] Navigation dikes usually adopt riprap slope dike structures. During typhoons, under high tide, high waves and strong wind conditions, the waves on the building will climb higher than the top retaining wall of the navigation dike, and overtopping will occur on the navigation dike. The overtopping water of the navigation dike will cause the water level of the water area between the navigation dikes on both sides to rise, which will have a certain impact on navigation, flood control and drainage, and the ecological environment. Existing technical means often focus on the overtopping amount of structures under specific water levels and wave conditions, and generalize the waves to positive incidence and use the empirical formula for overtopping amount calculation to calculate the average overtopping amount of the single width of the structure. The results are often too conservative and inaccurate, and do not involve the total overtopping water volume and water level rise estimation method in the closed waters of coastal structures under actual typhoon processes. The total overtopping water volume in the closed waters of coastal structures under actual typhoon processes is affected by many complex factors, including structural parameters, plane layout, front mud surface elevation, tide level, wind and wave action process, etc. of each section along the coastal structure. It is difficult to evaluate the water level rise of the closed coastal waters caused by overtopping during actual typhoon processes. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the rise in water level in closed coastal waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon. The method can accurately evaluate the rise in water level in closed coastal waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon by using the leading tide level of structures in closed coastal waters, wave and wind duration process parameters, physical model tests of structure overtopping, and a relationship curve between water volume increment and water level rise in closed waters.

[0006] Technical solution: To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the water level rise in coastal enclosed waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Build a regional wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model to estimate the wind, tide level and wave duration parameters of coastal structures during a typical typhoon process:

[0008] Step 2: Establish a physical model and conduct a series of tests on the overtopping of the structure during a typhoon to determine the total overtopping water volume of the entire structure;

[0009] Step 3: Establish a three-dimensional terrain model of the enclosed waters between coastal structures, and obtain the relationship curve between the water volume increment and water level rise of the enclosed waters between the structures;

[0010] Step 4: Assess the water level rise in coastal enclosed waters caused by overtopping during typhoon processes.

[0011] Preferably, step one comprises the following steps:

[0012] S1.1. Obtain typical typhoon process data, including the typhoon path, typhoon center pressure, typhoon moving speed and other historical process data of the typhoon, use the typhoon wind field model to calculate the empirical formula (such as the Young and Sobey typhoon wind field empirical formula) and background wind field (such as ERA5 data) data to establish the wind field process of the typhoon. The wind field process is a wind process parameter that changes at a certain time step (such as 30 minutes), that is, a certain time interval, including the wind speed and wind direction of each grid point in the area, that is, the wind field process is a data result, and the offshore buoy station wind data are used to verify the established typhoon wind field process;

[0013] S1.2. Considering factors such as regional topography, structures, wind fields, and wave propagation deformation, establish a regional wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model, such as the SWAN model, using triangular variable-size grids that gradually increase in density from the open boundary of the offshore area to the coastal structure waters. Use offshore buoy station tide level and wave process data to verify the regional wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model, and use the regional wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model to infer the regional tide level and wave field process under the typhoon process;

[0014] S1.3. Arrange multiple calculation points along the front of the coastal structure. Based on the calculated regional wind field, tide level and wave field process under the typhoon process, extract the wind, tide level and wave duration process parameters of each calculation point along the front of the coastal structure under the typhoon process with a certain time step (such as 30 minutes) as the input conditions of the structure overtopping physical model test.

[0015] Preferably, the step 2 comprises the following steps:

[0016] S2.1. Coastal structures are often large in planar scale. Overtopping physical model tests require a large model scale, which makes it difficult to simulate the entire range of structures in an overall physical model. Considering the structural parameters, planar layout, front mud surface elevation, and wave direction process of each section of the coastal structure along the way, the target structure is divided into multiple representative sections along the way, and the length of each representative section of the structure along the way is determined. Overtopping physical model tests are conducted on each representative section of the structure. The coastal structure is divided into different representative sections according to the principle that the cross-sectional structure of the structure in a representative section is the same (the elevation of the top of the retaining wall, the slope gradient, and the type of the face protection block are the same), the angle change of the longitudinal axis of the structure in a representative section is less than a certain value (such as less than 10°), the difference of the front mud surface elevation of the structure in a representative section is less than a certain value (such as less than 1.0m), and the angle change of the wave direction of the front of the structure in a representative section is less than a certain value (such as less than 10°).

[0017] S2.2. Based on the wind, tide and wave duration process parameters of each calculation point along the front of the coastal structure during the typhoon process, combined with the elevation of the coastal structure embankment top and its relative superelevation to the tide process, the wind, tide and wave duration process parameters under the high tide process during the typhoon process are selected as the input conditions of the structure overtopping physical model test. The wind direction and wave direction are selected to represent the wind direction and wave direction with the largest angle between the wind direction and the longitudinal axis of the structure during the high tide process. The combination of test tide level, wind and wave series working conditions of each representative section of the target structure under the typhoon and high tide process is determined. The prototype test duration of each group of working conditions is the time step of the tide level, wind and wave duration process parameters;

[0018] S2.3. Establish three-dimensional local overall physical models of each representative section of the target structure. Use the three-dimensional local overall physical model of the structure to test the overtopping of each representative section of the structure. The three-dimensional local overall physical model of the structure adopts a normal model, and the model is designed according to gravity similarity. According to the scale of the structure, water depth and wave conditions, and site equipment conditions, select an appropriate geometric length model scale (not less than 1:60). Construct a simulated physical model of the structure in the experimental pool. The structure in the model maintains geometric similarity with the prototype. All parts of the structure are made after being reduced in scale. The pool is equipped with wave maker equipment to simulate wave parameters during typhoons. At the same time, in order to consider the impact of wind on the overtopping of the structure, the pool is also equipped with wind turbine equipment;

[0019] S2.4. Conduct overtopping tests on the physical models of each representative section of the structure under the corresponding tide level, wind and wave series conditions, obtain the test results of the single-width average overtopping amount of each representative section of the structure under each group of conditions, and establish the relationship between the single-width average overtopping amount of each representative section of the structure under each time step condition and the section number, tide level, wind and wave parameters of the representative section of the structure, that is,

[0020] (1)

[0021] In the formula, Q ij For the structure i The paragraph represents the paragraph in j Average overtopping discharge per width under time step condition; f i For the structure i The relationship function between the average overtopping amount per unit width of the segment representative section and the segment number of the structure representative section, tide level, wind and wave parameters; WL j For the j Tidal level under time step condition; vwind j For the j Wind speed under time step condition; Dwind j For the j Wind direction under time step conditions; H j For the j Wave height under time step condition; T j For the j Wave period under time step condition; Dwave j For the j Wave direction under time step condition;

[0022] The total overtopping water volume of the entire coastal structure during typhoon and high tide is calculated and determined according to the following formula:

[0023] (2)

[0024] In the formula, V is the total overtopping water volume of the entire coastal structure during typhoon and high tide (unit: m 3 ); n The number of representative segments for segmenting the target structure; m is the number of test tide level, wind and wave series conditions combinations (the number of test time steps) for each representative section of the structure during typhoon and high tide processes; Q ij For the structure i The paragraph represents the paragraph inj Average overtopping discharge per width under time step condition (unit: m 3 / (ms)); △t The prototype duration of a single time step (e.g. 30 minutes) (unit: s); L i For the structure i Segment represents the length of the segment along the route (unit: m).

[0025] As a preferred embodiment, step three: establishing a three-dimensional terrain model of the enclosed waters between coastal structures, and obtaining a relationship curve between the water volume increment and the water level rise of the enclosed waters between the structures, specifically comprises the following steps:

[0026] S3.1. Based on the underwater topographic data of the enclosed water area between coastal structures, a three-dimensional model of the terrain of the enclosed water area is established using three-dimensional modeling software (such as BIM model) to accurately simulate the terrain information of the enclosed water area;

[0027] S3.2. Based on the three-dimensional terrain model of the enclosed water area between structures, the water level of the enclosed water area is continuously raised from a certain initial water level at a certain water level interval (such as 0.1m water level interval), and the water volume increment in the enclosed water area under each water level rise value is calculated to obtain the relationship curve between the water volume increment and the water level rise of the enclosed water area.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment, step 4: evaluating the water level rise in the coastal enclosed waters caused by overtopping during the typhoon process, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0029] S4.1. Based on the relationship curve between water volume increment and water level rise in the closed waters between coastal structures, the quantitative relationship function between water level rise and water volume increment in the closed waters is obtained by the univariate polynomial fitting method, that is,

[0030] (3)

[0031] In the formula, WL c It is the water level value after the water level of coastal enclosed water area is raised; V It is the total overtopping water volume of the entire section of the coastal structure during typhoons and high tides, that is, the water volume increase in the coastal enclosed waters caused by overtopping; WL 0 It is the initial water level value for regulation of the coastal closed waters before the overtopping of waves;

[0032] S4.2. Based on the total overtopping water volume of the entire section of the coastal structure during the typhoon and high tide process obtained in step S2.4, that is, the water volume increment of the coastal closed waters, the quantitative relationship function between the water level rise of the closed waters and the water volume increment obtained in step S4.1 can be used to accurately calculate and evaluate the water level rise of the coastal closed waters caused by overtopping during the typhoon process.

[0033] In the existing technical means, the focus is often on the overtopping of structures under specific water levels and wave conditions, and the waves are generalized to positive incidence, and the empirical formula for calculating the overtopping is used to calculate the average overtopping of the structure per width. The results are often too conservative and inaccurate, and do not involve the estimation method of the total overtopping water volume and water level rise in the closed waters of coastal structures under actual typhoon processes. The total overtopping water volume in the closed waters of coastal structures under actual typhoon processes is affected by many complex factors, including structural parameters of each section along the coastal structure, plane layout, front mud surface elevation, tide level under typhoon processes, wind and wave action processes, etc. It is difficult to evaluate the water level rise in closed coastal waters caused by overtopping under actual typhoon processes. This technical solution targets typhoon processes, and uses a regional wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model to simulate and estimate the tidal level, wave and wind duration process parameters at the front of coastal structures; divides coastal structures along the way into different representative sections according to a variety of influencing factors, and conducts overtopping physical model tests on the structures in each representative section using a series of typhoon tidal level, wind and wave conditions, taking into account the actual direction of wave action and the impact of wind on the overtopping volume, and obtaining the total overtopping water volume in coastal closed waters; based on the terrain information and initial water level of the closed waters, fits the relationship curve between the water body increment and the water level rise in the closed waters, and obtains its water level rise value from the total overtopping water volume in the closed waters.

[0034] Beneficial effects: The method of the present invention for evaluating the water level rise in closed coastal waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon process can accurately evaluate the water level rise in closed coastal waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a wave field in a coastal structure area obtained by a mathematical model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4.1 It is a time course diagram of wind speed and direction in front of the structure;

[0039] Figure 4.2 It is a graph of the tidal level and wave height in front of the structure over time;

[0040] Figure 4.3 It is a time course diagram of the wave direction at the front of the structure;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the test arrangement of a representative section of an overtopping physical model of a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a curve showing the relationship between the water volume increment and the water level rise in a coastal closed water area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing a target structure divided into multiple representative sections along the way.

[0044] in Figure 5 Among them, 1 is the structure model, 2 is the wave-over water body receiving pool, 3 is the water pump, 4 is the wave-over water body weighing platform, 5 is the multi-directional wave maker, 6 is the wind turbine, 7 is the wave-breaking facility, and 8 is the wave-breaking slope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the water level rise of coastal enclosed waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon process, comprising:

[0047] Step 1: Build a regional wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model to estimate the wind, tide level and wave duration parameters of coastal structures under typical typhoon processes, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0048] S1.1. Obtain typical typhoon process data, including the typhoon path, typhoon center pressure, typhoon moving speed and other historical process data of the typhoon, use the typhoon wind field model to calculate the empirical formula (such as Young and Sobey typhoon wind field empirical formula) and background wind field (such as ERA5 data) data to establish the wind field process of the typhoon, and use the offshore buoy station wind data to verify the established typhoon wind field process;

[0049] S1.2. Considering factors such as regional topography, structures, wind fields, and wave propagation deformation, a regional wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model is established, using a triangular variable-size grid that is gradually encrypted from the open boundary of the offshore area to the coastal structure waters. Figure 2 The diagram is a schematic diagram of a wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model of an embodiment; the regional wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model is verified using the tide level and wave process data of offshore buoy stations, and the regional wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model is used to calculate the regional tide level and wave field process under the typhoon process; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a wave field in a coastal structure area obtained by a mathematical model in one embodiment;

[0050] S1.3. Arrange multiple calculation points along the front of the coastal structure. Based on the calculated regional wind field, tide level and wave field process under the typhoon process, extract the wind, tide level and wave duration process parameters of each calculation point along the front of the coastal structure under the typhoon process with a certain time step (such as 30 minutes) as the input conditions of the structure overtopping physical model test. Figure 4.1-Figure 4.3 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the time course of wind, tide level and wave at the front of a structure obtained by a mathematical model in an embodiment.

[0051] Step 2: Establish a physical model and conduct a series of tests on the overtopping of the structure during a typhoon to determine the total overtopping water volume of the entire structure. The specific steps include:

[0052] S2.1. Coastal structures are often large in planar scale. Overtopping physical model tests require a larger model scale. It is difficult to simulate the entire range of structures in an overall physical model. Considering the structural parameters, planar layout, front mud surface elevation, and wave action direction of each section of the coastal structure along the way, the target structure is divided into multiple representative sections along the way, such as Figure 7 As shown, the total length of the target structure is about 10.5 km, including the north dike and the south dike. The north dike is divided into five representative sections, from the north dike section 1-1 to the north dike section 5-5, and the south dike is divided into five representative sections, from the south dike section 1-1 to the south dike section 5-5. The target structure is divided into ten representative sections in total, and the length along the length of each representative section of the structure is determined. Overtopping physical model tests are carried out on each representative section of the structure.

[0053] S2.2. Based on the wind, tide and wave duration process parameters of each calculation point along the front of the coastal structure during the typhoon process, combined with the elevation of the coastal structure embankment top and its relative superelevation to the tide process, the wind, tide and wave duration process parameters during the high tide process during the typhoon process are selected as the input conditions of the structure overtopping physical model test, among which the wind direction and wave direction during the high tide process with the largest angle between the wind direction and the longitudinal axis of the structure are selected for the test, and the test tide level, wind and wave series working condition combination of each representative section of the target structure during the typhoon and high tide process is determined. The prototype test duration of each group of working conditions is the time step of the tide level, wind and wave duration process parameters (such as 30 minutes); Table 1 is an example of the tide level, wind and wave series working condition combination of a representative section of the target structure in the physical model test;

[0054] Table 1 Examples of combinations of tide level, wind and wave conditions for a physical model test of a representative section of a structure

[0055]

[0056] S2.3. Establish three-dimensional local overall physical models of each representative section of the target structure. Use the three-dimensional local overall physical model of the structure to test the overtopping of each representative section of the structure. The three-dimensional local overall physical model of the structure adopts a normal model and is designed according to gravity similarity. According to the scale of the structure, water depth and wave conditions, and site equipment conditions, select an appropriate geometric length model scale (not less than 1:60). Construct a simulated physical model of the structure in the experimental pool. The structure in the model maintains geometric similarity with the prototype, and all parts of the structure are made after being reduced in scale. The pool is equipped with a wave machine to simulate the wave parameters during the typhoon. At the same time, in order to consider the impact of wind on the overtopping of the structure, the pool is also equipped with a wind turbine. Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of the test arrangement of a representative section of a wave overtaking physical model of a structure of an embodiment. Figure 5 Among them, 1 is the structure model, 2 is the wave-over water body receiving pool, 3 is the water pump, 4 is the wave-over water body weighing platform, 5 is the multi-directional wave maker, 6 is the wind turbine, 7 is the wave-breaking facility, and 8 is the wave-breaking slope.

[0057] S2.4. Conduct overtopping tests on the physical models of each representative section of the structure under the corresponding tide level, wind and wave series conditions, obtain the test results of the single-width average overtopping amount of each representative section of the structure under each group of conditions, and establish the relationship between the single-width average overtopping amount of each representative section of the structure under each time step condition and the section number, tide level, wind and wave parameters of the representative section of the structure, that is,

[0058] (1)

[0059] In the formula, Q ij For the structure i The paragraph represents the paragraph in j Average overtopping discharge per width under time step condition; f i For the structure i The relationship function between the average overtopping amount per unit width of the segment representative section and the segment number of the structure representative section, tide level, wind and wave parameters; WL j For the j Tidal level under time step condition; vwind j For the j Wind speed under time step condition; Dwind j For the j Wind direction under time step conditions; H j For the j Wave height under time step condition; T j For the jWave period under time step condition; Dwave j For the j Wave direction for the time step case.

[0060] The total overtopping water volume of the entire coastal structure during typhoon and high tide is calculated and determined according to the following formula:

[0061] (2)

[0062] In the formula, V is the total overtopping water volume of the entire coastal structure during typhoon and high tide (unit: m 3 ); n The number of representative segments for segmenting the target structure; m is the number of test tide level, wind and wave series conditions combinations (the number of test time steps) for each representative section of the structure during typhoon and high tide processes; Q ij For the structure i The paragraph represents the paragraph in j Average overtopping discharge per width under time step condition (unit: m 3 / (ms)); △t The prototype duration of a single time step (e.g. 30 minutes) (unit: s); L i is the length along the path of the representative section of the i-th structure (unit: m).

[0063] Step 3: Establish a three-dimensional terrain model of the enclosed waters between coastal structures, and obtain the relationship curve between the water volume increment and water level rise of the enclosed waters between the structures, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0064] S3.1. Based on the underwater topographic data of the enclosed water area between coastal structures, a three-dimensional model of the terrain of the enclosed water area is established using three-dimensional modeling software (such as a BIM model) to accurately simulate the terrain information of the enclosed water area, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0065] S3.2. Based on the three-dimensional terrain model of the enclosed water area between structures, the water level of the enclosed water area is continuously raised from a certain initial water level at a certain water level interval (such as 0.1m water level interval), and the water volume increment in the enclosed water area under each water level rise value is calculated to obtain the relationship curve between the water volume increment and the water level rise of the enclosed water area. Figure 6 The diagram is a graph showing the relationship between the water volume increment and the water level rise in a coastal closed water area in an embodiment.

[0066] Step 4: Assess the water level rise in coastal enclosed waters caused by overtopping during the typhoon process, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0067] S4.1. Based on the relationship curve between water volume increment and water level rise in the closed waters between coastal structures, the quantitative relationship function between water level rise and water volume increment in the closed waters is obtained by the univariate polynomial fitting method, that is,

[0068] (3)

[0069] In the formula, WL c It is the water level value after the water level of coastal enclosed water area is raised; V It is the total overtopping water volume of the entire section of the coastal structure during typhoons and high tides, that is, the water volume increase in the coastal enclosed waters caused by overtopping; WL 0 It is the initial water level value for regulation of the closed coastal waters before the overtopping of waves.

[0070] S4.2. Based on the total overtopping water volume of the entire section of the coastal structure during the typhoon and high tide process obtained in step S2.4, that is, the water volume increment of the coastal closed waters, the quantitative relationship function between the water level rise of the closed waters and the water volume increment obtained in step S4.1 can be used to accurately calculate and evaluate the water level rise of the coastal closed waters caused by overtopping during the typhoon process.

[0071] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the water level rise of coastal enclosed waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Build a regional wave-storm surge coupled SWAN model to estimate the wind, tide level and wave duration parameters of coastal structures during a typical typhoon process. The specific steps are as follows: S1.

1. Obtain typical typhoon process data, including the typhoon path, typhoon center pressure and typhoon moving speed data of the typhoon, use the typhoon wind field model to calculate the empirical formula and background wind field data, establish the wind field process of the typhoon, and use the offshore buoy station wind data to verify the established typhoon wind field process; S1.

2. Considering the regional topography, structures, wind field and wave propagation deformation factors, a regional wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model is established. A triangular variable-size grid is used, which is gradually intensified from the open boundary of the offshore to the coastal structure waters. The tide level and wave process data of offshore buoy stations are used to verify the regional wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model. The regional wave-storm surge coupling mathematical model is used to calculate the regional tide level and wave field process under the typhoon process. S1.

3. Arrange multiple calculation points along the front of the coastal structure. Based on the calculated regional wind field, tide level and wave field process under the typhoon process, extract the wind, tide level and wave duration process parameters of each calculation point along the front of the coastal structure under the typhoon process at a certain time step as the input conditions of the structure overtopping physical model test; Step 2: Establish a physical model and conduct a series of tests on the overtopping of the structure during a typhoon to determine the total overtopping water volume of the entire structure; Step 3: Establish a three-dimensional terrain model of the enclosed waters between coastal structures, and obtain the relationship curve between the water volume increment and water level rise of the enclosed waters between the structures; Step 4: Assess the water level rise in coastal enclosed waters caused by overtopping during typhoon processes.

2. The method for evaluating the water level rise of closed coastal waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 2 comprises the following steps: S2.

1. Divide the target structure into multiple representative sections along the way, determine the length of each representative section along the way, and conduct overtopping physical model tests on each representative section of the structure; S2.

2. Based on the wind, tide and wave duration process parameters of each calculation point along the front of the coastal structure during the typhoon process, combined with the elevation of the coastal structure embankment top and its relative superelevation to the tide process, the wind, tide and wave duration process parameters under the high tide process during the typhoon process are selected as the input conditions of the structure overtopping physical model test. The wind direction and wave direction are selected to represent the wind direction and wave direction with the largest angle between the wind direction and the longitudinal axis of the structure during the high tide process. The combination of test tide level, wind and wave series working conditions of each representative section of the target structure under the typhoon and high tide process is determined. The prototype test duration of each group of working conditions is the time step of the tide level, wind and wave duration process parameters; S2.

3. Establish three-dimensional local overall physical models of each representative section of the target structure respectively, and use the three-dimensional local overall physical model of the structure to test the overtopping of each representative section of the structure. The three-dimensional local overall physical model of the structure adopts a normal model, and the model is designed according to gravity similarity. According to the scale of the structure, water depth and wave conditions, site equipment conditions, select a suitable geometric length model scale, and build a simulated structure physical model in the experimental pool. The structure in the model maintains geometric similarity with the prototype, and all parts of the structure are manufactured after being reduced in scale. The pool is equipped with a wave maker to simulate the wave parameters during the typhoon process, and the pool is also equipped with a wind turbine. S2.

4. Conduct overtopping tests on the physical models of each representative section of the structure under the corresponding tide level, wind and wave series conditions, obtain the test results of the single-width average overtopping amount of each representative section of the structure under each group of conditions, and establish the relationship between the single-width average overtopping amount of each representative section of the structure under each time step condition and the section number, tide level, wind and wave parameters of the representative section of the structure, that is, （1） In the formula, Q ij For the structure i The paragraph represents the paragraph in j Average overtopping discharge per width under time step condition; f i For the structure i The relationship function between the average overtopping amount per unit width of the segment representative section and the segment number of the structure representative section, tide level, wind and wave parameters; WL j For the j Tidal level under time step condition; vwind j For the j Wind speed under time step condition; Dwind j For the j Wind direction under time step conditions; H j For the j Wave height under time step condition; T j For the j Wave period under time step condition; Dwave j For the j Wave direction under time step condition; The total overtopping water volume of the entire coastal structure during typhoon and high tide is calculated and determined according to the following formula: （2） In the formula, V It is the total overtopping water volume of the entire coastal structure during typhoon and high tide, unit: m 3 ; n The number of representative segments for segmenting the target structure; m The number of test tide level, wind and wave series conditions combinations for each representative section of the structure during typhoon and high tide; Q ij For the structure i The paragraph represents the paragraph in j Average overtopping discharge per width under time step condition, unit: m 3 / (ms); △t The prototype duration of a single time step, unit: s; L i For the structure i Segment represents the length of the segment along the route, unit: m.

3. The method for evaluating the water level rise of closed coastal waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific segmentation method of step 2.1 is: the coastal structures are divided into different representative sections according to the principles that the cross-sectional structures in a representative section are the same, the longitudinal axis angle of the structures in a representative section changes by less than 10°, the mud surface elevation along the front of the structure in a representative section differs by less than 1.0 m, and the wave direction angle of the front of the structure in a representative section changes by less than 10°.

4. The method for evaluating the water level rise of closed coastal waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step three comprises the following steps: S3.

1. Based on the underwater topographic data of the enclosed water area between the coastal structures, a three-dimensional model of the terrain of the enclosed water area is established using three-dimensional modeling software to simulate the terrain information of the enclosed water area; S3.

2. Based on the three-dimensional terrain model of the enclosed water area between structures, the water level of the enclosed water area is continuously raised from a certain initial water level at certain water level intervals, the water volume increment in the enclosed water area at each water level rise value is calculated, and the relationship curve between the water volume increment and the water level rise of the enclosed water area is obtained.

5. The method for evaluating the water level rise of closed coastal waters caused by overtopping during a typhoon according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step 4 comprises the following steps: S4.

1. Based on the relationship curve between water volume increment and water level rise in the closed waters between coastal structures, the quantitative relationship function between water level rise and water volume increment in the closed waters is obtained by the univariate polynomial fitting method, that is, （3） In the formula, WL c It is the water level value after the water level of coastal enclosed water area is raised; V It is the total overtopping water volume of the entire section of the coastal structure during typhoons and high tides, that is, the water volume increase in the coastal enclosed waters caused by overtopping; WL 0 It is the initial water level value for regulation of the coastal closed waters before the overtopping of waves; S4.

2. Based on the total overtopping water volume of the entire section of the coastal structure during the typhoon and high tide process obtained in step S2.4, that is, the water volume increment of the coastal closed waters, the quantitative relationship function between the water level rise of the closed waters and the water volume increment obtained in step S4.1 can be used to accurately calculate and evaluate the water level rise of the coastal closed waters caused by overtopping during the typhoon process.

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