Magnetic fluid power generation device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of magnetohydrodynamic power generation device, it relates to nuclear reactor technical field, including protective shell, inside along axial through power generation passage, outside is equipped with current coil, current coil is used to provide magnetic field;Pump, communicate with power generation passage by pipeline, pipeline is filled with Ar gas, pump is used to pressurize Ar gas;Core, it is arranged in power generation passage inside along axial, core is formed by multiple fuel plates with the shape of Chinese character well, the fuel in fuel plate generates multiple fission fragments after nuclear fission;Fuel plate thickness is less than the range of fission fragment;Reflective layer, cover in the outer wall of core, including two symmetrically arranged half-ring metal electrodes.The application utilizes the fission fragment generated by nuclear reactor to bombard rare gas and ionize the gas, and the ionized gas generates electricity through the magnetohydrodynamic generator, which ensures high thermoelectric conversion efficiency while avoiding the harsh working conditions and large safety hazards of existing methods.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors, in particular to a magnetohydrodynamic power generation device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the traditional water-cooled reactor power generation mode, the thermal hydraulic requirements are often harsh, and the thermal hydraulic calculation often involves multiphase flow, which has problems such as great calculation difficulty, high engineering cost, and great safety hazards. The traditional heat and electricity conversion mode greatly limits the design and operation of the reactor. As a new technology under development, the magnetohydrodynamic power generation has high heat and electricity conversion efficiency and less thermal condition restrictions, but the gas fuel preparation of the traditional magnetohydrodynamic generator is complex and difficult to calculate. The combination of nuclear reactors and magnetohydrodynamic power generation as a new idea is proposed. In the 1960s, the academic circle proposed a gas-cooled nuclear reactor system with a nuclear reactor in series with a magnetohydrodynamic generator.

[0003] At present, this space power system combining the reactor and the magnetohydrodynamic power generation has made considerable research progress. For example, the United States has carried out a large amount of research on the magnetohydrodynamic generator based on gaseous uranium fuel. Holman et al. gave a conceptual design scheme of a NERVA reactor as a prototype, helium as a working medium, and a magnetohydrodynamic power generation technology. Litchford et al. evaluated the performance of a nuclear energy magnetohydrodynamic power generation system with a heat power of 100MWth on this basis, but due to the safety of gaseous uranium fuel and the feasibility of structural materials, it is difficult to put into practical engineering. Domestic researches are mostly aimed at Brayton cycle systems.

[0004] Therefore, the existing research is still to use the reactor as a heat source to heat the gas, create a high-temperature environment to ionize the gas into plasma, which has low ionization efficiency and cannot avoid harsh thermal conditions. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a magnetohydrodynamic power generation device, which solves the problem that the existing research is still to use the reactor as a heat source to heat the gas, create a high-temperature environment to ionize the gas into plasma, which has low ionization efficiency and cannot avoid harsh thermal conditions.

[0006] The present application provides a magnetohydrodynamic power generation device, comprising:

[0007] A protective shell, an electricity generation channel is axially through in the inside of the protective shell, a power supply coil is arranged on the outside of the protective shell, and the power supply coil is used to provide a magnetic field;

[0008] A gas pump is in communication with the electricity generation channel through a pipeline, and the pipeline is filled with Ar gas, and the gas pump is used to pressurize the Ar gas;

[0009] A core is arranged axially inside the power generation channel, and the core is formed by a plurality of fuel plates arranged in a cross shape, and the fuel in the fuel plates generates a plurality of fission fragments after nuclear fission; the thickness of the fuel plates is less than the range of the fission fragments;

[0010] A reflecting layer is sleeved on the outer wall of the core, and the reflecting layer comprises two symmetrically arranged semi-annular metal electrodes;

[0011] After Ar gas is pressurized to a set speed by a gas pump, the Ar gas enters the power generation channel, a plurality of fission fragments bombard and ionize the Ar gas, the Ar gas is ionized into plasma, the plasma moves in a magnetic field environment, and power generation is achieved through electromagnetic induction.

[0012] Preferably, the fuel in the fuel plates is uranium dioxide UO2, the length of the core is 6 m, the width of the core is 2 m, the height of the core is 2 m, the thickness of the fuel plates is 5 microns, and the gap between the fuel plates is 0.14 mm.

[0013] Preferably, the two metal electrodes are connected to an external load as positive and negative electrodes.

[0014] Preferably, the two metal electrodes are separated by beryllium oxide BeO.

[0015] Preferably, the inlet of the gas pump is in communication with the channel outlet of the power generation channel, and the outlet is in communication with the channel inlet of the power generation channel.

[0016] Preferably, the material of the metal electrode is metallic beryllium Be.

[0017] Preferably, the steam generator is arranged between the channel outlet of the power generation channel and the inlet of the gas pump, and is used for cooling the plasma, and the cooled plasma is accelerated by the gas pump to enter the core again to be ionized and to perform the next power generation cycle.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the magnetic fluid power generation device has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The magnetic fluid power generation device adopts a working mode of combining a core with a power generation channel, and the core is formed by a plurality of fuel plates arranged in a cross shape, and the thickness of the fuel plates is less than the range of fission fragments. After the fuel generates fission fragments with extremely high energy through nuclear fission, because the thickness of the fuel plates is less than or close to the range of the fission fragments, the fission fragments are not completely deposited in the fuel plates, and the emitted fission fragments directly bombard Ar gas to ionize the gas into plasma, and the plasma generates power through electromagnetic induction under the action of an external magnetic field when passing through a magnetic fluid generator channel. The magnetic fluid power generation device uses fission fragments generated by the core to bombard rare gas to ionize the gas, and the ionized gas generates power through the magnetic fluid generator, thereby ensuring a high thermoelectric conversion efficiency and avoiding the defects of harsh working conditions and great safety hazards in the prior art.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only represent some of the embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative effort based on these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a magnetic fluid power generation device of the present application.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a reaction process diagram of the present application.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a core structure diagram of the present application.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a core design diagram with a reflection layer of the present application.

[0025] Figure 5 It is the power and efficiency of the system under different initial gas velocities of the embodiments of the present application.

[0026] In the figure: 1 - channel outlet, 2 - external load, 3 - metal electrode, 4 - core, 5 - channel inlet, 6 - power coil, 7 - steam generator, 8 - air pump, 9 - BeO. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments only represent some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative effort belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] The present application proposes a magnetic fluid power generation device, which adopts a working mode of combining a core structure with a channel of a magnetic fluid power generation device, that is, ionizing rare gas by bombarding the rare gas with fission fragments generated by the core fuel, and generating electricity by the ionized gas through a magnetic fluid generator. While ensuring high power generation efficiency, the shortcomings of harsh working conditions and large safety hazards of traditional water-cooled core power generation mode are avoided. For details, Figure 1 The magnetic fluid power generation device of the present application includes a protective shell, an air pump 8, a core 4 and a reflection layer.

[0029] The inside of the protective shell is penetrated by a power generation channel in the axial direction, and the outside is provided with a power coil 6 for providing a magnetic field.

[0030] When the reactor core is in low power operation, the gas pump 8 is connected to the power generation channel through the pipe to form a circulation. The inside of the pipe is filled with argon Ar gas, and the gas pump 8 is used to pressurize the Ar gas. Before work, Ar gas is filled in the pipe, and after being pressurized and pushed by the gas pump 8, the Ar gas enters the power generation channel through the channel inlet 5.

[0031] In this embodiment, Ar gas needs to be filled in the entire circulation system in advance, and under the action of the gas pump 8, the Ar gas at the left side of the core is high pressure, and the Ar gas at the right side is low pressure to drive the gas movement. The specific amount of Ar gas needs to be determined based on the channel volume, pipe volume and gas pump power of the actual system. The basic principle is to fill the entire circulation system with Ar gas and to generate high pressure (about 20 MPa) under the action of the gas pump.

[0032] The reactor core 4 is arranged in the axial direction inside the power generation channel, and the reactor core 4 is an ultra-thin cross-shaped grid structure with a micron level. The reactor core 4 is formed by a plurality of fuel plates arranged in a cross shape, and the fuel of the reactor core 4 is used for nuclear fission and generates a plurality of fission fragments. The fuel is UO2, which is uniformly distributed in the fuel plate, and the thickness of the fuel plate is less than the range of the fission fragments.

[0033] The fuel of the reactor core 4 generates a large number of high-energy fission fragments during nuclear fission. The range of these fission fragments in the reactor core is about 10 μm. Since the thickness of the fuel plate of the reactor core 4 is also micron level and less than the range of the fission fragments, the fission fragments will not be completely deposited in the fuel plate. After depositing part of the energy in the fuel plate, the fission fragments carry tens of megaelectron-volts of energy and are ejected from the fuel plate to the gap between the fuel plates. The gap is filled with high-pressure Ar gas, and the ejected fission fragments directly bombard the Ar gas atoms, and the two collide and ionize. When the ionization degree is high enough, the Ar gas is ionized into plasma. The free electrons in the plasma and the gas molecules are in a non-equilibrium state, and the electron temperature is much higher than the neutral atom temperature in the gas. That is, most of the energy of the fission fragments is given to the electrons, and the ionization efficiency is high. At the same time, due to the large number of neutral atoms with low temperature, the plasma temperature will not be too high. The whole reaction process is as shown in Figure 2 The plasma reenters the next cycle from the channel outlet 1.

[0034] In this embodiment, the basic requirement for the reactor core is a fuel plate thickness of less than 10 μm and sufficient gas gap. The optimization result requires that the thickness of the reactor core plate is about 5 μm, the pressure of the Ar gas in the gas pipe is about 20 MPa, and the maximum gap distance of the reactor core is 0.14 mm. The design diagram of the reactor core is as shown in Figure 3 .

[0035] The parameter design of the fuel plate spacing is based on the fuel plate thickness and the gas pressure. The calculation shows that the core gap spacing of about 0.1mm can meet the ionization requirement under the gas pressure of 15Mpa to 20Mpa. Meanwhile, the faster the gas flow rate, the shorter the time for the gas in the fuel plate gap to accept the fission fragment ionization, and the conductivity should decrease with the gas flow rate. However, the order of magnitude of the conductivity is very high, so it will not change in the order of magnitude under the low flow rate. Therefore, it is considered that the conductivity is almost unchanged under the low flow rate. Under the core reaction power of 3MW, the average electron temperature of 4×10 6 K and the electron number density of 7.7×10 19 The result is applied to the power calculation of the Hall generator channel, and the power generation of about 0.47MW and the efficiency of about 15.6% are obtained under the condition of the gas flow rate of 10m / s and the pressure of 20Mpa. The specific results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 5 The calculation results preliminarily prove that the scheme is feasible. This power generation mode can ensure high power generation efficiency while avoiding the harsh working conditions and the large safety hidden danger of the traditional water-cooled reactor power generation mode.

[0036] Table 1 Power and efficiency of the system under different initial velocities

[0037]

[0038] The calculation method of collision ionization firstly obtains the fission fragment energy spectrum by calculating the mass and energy distribution of the fission fragments, and then determines the thickness and spacing of the UO2 fuel by considering the energy deposition in the fuel plate and the energy consumed by the collision ionization, and by calculating the range and energy loss of the fission fragments in the fuel plate and Ar gas, taking the maximum ionization degree of Ar gas and the maximum power density of the core as the optimization targets. The collision ionization process is a multi-body interaction process among fission fragments, Ar atoms and electrons. Under the condition of two-body collision approximation in the local area, the average kinetic energy obtained by a single collision ionization electron is about 0.2% of the incident fission fragment energy, and then the electron temperature, electron number density and gas conductivity can be obtained. Finally, the total power and efficiency of the whole system are calculated in the design mode of the Hall generator channel.

[0039] Referring to Figure 4 , the reflector is sleeved outside the core 4 and includes two symmetrically arranged semi-annular metal electrodes 3. The two metal electrodes 3 are connected with an external load as positive and negative electrodes. The two metal electrodes 3 are separated by BeO 9. When the reactor operates, part of the neutrons will escape outside the core. In order to reduce the loss of these neutrons, a layer of material is wrapped outside the core to form a reflector, and the neutrons escaping from the core are reflected back.

[0040] In the embodiment, the metal electrode 3 is metal Be, which serves as a reflecting layer and a metal electrode at the same time. The positive and negative electrode plates are separated by BeO. Under the action of an external magnetic field, the moving plasma generates electricity through electromagnetic induction.

[0041] Referring again to Figure 1 The present application also includes a steam generator 7. The steam generator 7 is arranged between the channel outlet 1 and the inlet of the air pump 8, and is used to perform a Rankine cycle. When the reactor core is operating at high power, the plasma with residual heat leaves the channel outlet 1 and is cooled through the Rankine cycle, and the ionization degree is reduced, resulting in a decrease in the electrical conductivity of the gas. The gas with too low electrical conductivity is not sufficient to generate a large enough power, so the gas is accelerated by the air pump 8 and enters the reactor core 4 again to collide and ionize, thereby increasing the ionization degree and performing the next cycle.

[0042] Although preferred embodiments of the application have been described, those skilled in the art will be able to make additional changes and modifications to the embodiments once they have the basic inventive concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application.

[0043] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and changes of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and changes.

Claims

1. A magnetohydrodynamic power generation device, characterized in that: include: A protective shell has a power generation channel axially extending therethrough, and an energized coil (6) is provided on the outside thereof, the energized coil (6) being used to provide a magnetic field; An air pump (8) is connected to the power generation channel through a pipeline, the interior of the pipeline is filled with Ar gas, and the air pump (8) is used to pressurize the Ar gas; A core (4) is axially arranged inside the power generation channel, wherein the core (4) is formed by a plurality of fuel plates arranged in a crisscross pattern, wherein the fuel in the fuel plates generates a plurality of fission fragments after nuclear fission occurs; and the thickness of the fuel plates is smaller than the range of the fission fragments. A reflective layer, sleeved on the outer wall of the core (4), comprising two symmetrically arranged semi-annular metal electrodes (3); Ar gas is pressurized to a set speed by an air pump (8) and then enters a power generation channel. Multiple fission fragments bombard the Ar gas and cause collision ionization. The Ar gas is ionized into plasma, which moves in a magnetic field environment and generates electricity through electromagnetic induction.

2. A magnetohydrodynamic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel in the fuel plate is uranium dioxide UO2, the core (4) is 6m long, 2m wide, and 2m high, the fuel plate is 5μm thick, and the gap between the fuel plates is 0.14mm.

3. A magnetohydrodynamic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two metal electrodes (3) are connected to an external load (2) as positive and negative electrodes.

4. A magnetohydrodynamic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two metal electrodes (3) are separated by beryllium oxide BeO (9).

5. The magnetohydrodynamic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet of the air pump (8) is communicated with the channel outlet (1) of the power generation channel, and the outlet is communicated with the channel inlet (5) of the power generation channel.

6. The magnetohydrodynamic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the metal electrode is metal beryllium (Be).

7. The magnetohydrodynamic power generation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The invention also includes a steam generator (7), which is arranged between the channel outlet (1) of the power generation channel and the inlet of the air pump (8) and is used to cool the plasma. The cooled plasma is accelerated by the air pump (8) and enters the core (4) to undergo collision ionization again, thereby performing the next power generation cycle.

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