A well cellar punching mechanism and a well cellar type transplanting machine provided with the same

Abstract

This invention provides a well-drilling mechanism and a well-drilling transplanter with the mechanism installed. The mechanism includes a frame, a power drive unit, a first sprocket, a first crank, a first crank connecting rod, a second crank connecting rod, a second crank, a second sprocket, and a hole-forming device. The power output shaft of the power drive unit is connected to the first sprocket. The rotation center of the first sprocket is connected to one end of the first crank, and the other end of the first crank is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod. The rotation center of the second sprocket is hinged to one end of the second crank, and the other end of the second crank is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod. The other end of the second crank connecting rod is connected to the hole-forming device, and the other end of the first crank connecting rod is hinged to the middle of the second crank connecting rod. The first sprocket and the second sprocket are connected by a chain. This invention effectively solves the problems of high labor intensity, discontinuous drilling, severe soil backflow, unsatisfactory work efficiency, difficulty in soil penetration, and easy damage to the drill bit in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically relating to a well-drilling mechanism and a well-drilling transplanter with the mechanism installed. Background Technology

[0002] The floating tray seedling raising and well-cellar mulching transplanting method is the most common planting method for flue-cured tobacco in Enshi Prefecture and Yichang City of Hubei Province, as well as the tobacco-growing areas of Chongqing. These areas are typically hilly and mountainous, with many slopes and small plots. Currently, the work is mainly done manually, using backpack-mounted hole punchers. Due to the large weight of the machines, the labor intensity of carrying them is high, and the handles and back vibrate significantly during well-cellar construction, making it impossible to work for extended periods. Currently, commercially available well-cellar hole punchers are generally powered by gasoline engines, which inevitably result in problems such as high noise levels and exhaust pollution, indicating insufficient environmental friendliness.

[0003] A small amount of semi-mechanized transplanting equipment originates from the technology of seedling transplanters for vegetables in plains areas. Due to differences in seedling agronomy and planting requirements, it is difficult to adapt to the needs of flue-cured tobacco transplanting on hilly slopes in this region. Currently, there are no fully automatic tobacco transplanters. The tobacco or flue-cured tobacco transplanters in use are basically semi-mechanized transplanters, suitable for large pot seedling cultivation and using hard-pack seedling trays for vegetables, without the need for well drilling. Some tobacco well-drilling transplanters under development mainly use intermittent well drilling and transplanting technology, resulting in discontinuous drilling and low transplanting efficiency. Traditional duckbill-type planters have the problem of severe soil backfilling in the holes, making it impossible to form high-quality wells. Multi-link hole-forming mechanisms have speed mismatches and are prone to creating "trumpet-shaped" holes. Furthermore, existing hole-forming mechanisms have problems such as high resistance, difficulty in soil penetration, and easy damage to the drilling bit.

[0004] In summary, the drilling operation of the well-type transplanter has the following problems: high labor intensity, discontinuous drilling, serious soil backflow, unsatisfactory operation efficiency, difficulty in soil penetration, and easy damage to the drill bit. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a well drilling mechanism that effectively solves the problems of high labor intensity, discontinuous drilling, severe soil backflow, unsatisfactory work efficiency, difficulty in entering the soil, and easy damage to the drill bit in the prior art.

[0006] The present invention also provides a well-type transplanter including the well-hole drilling mechanism, which can effectively perform continuous drilling, reduce the resistance when the hole-forming drill bit enters the soil, and make the machine easier to enter the soil, thereby improving the hole-forming efficiency and improving the hole quality.

[0007] The hole-forming device of the present invention is installed at the end of the double-crank five-bar linkage. The rotation of the double crank drives the hole-forming drill bit to move back and forth and up and down, which makes it easier for the hole-forming drill bit to enter the soil.

[0008] The cavity-forming device of this invention uses a conical drill bit, which, compared to a spiral blade drill bit, produces a smoother and tighter inner wall for the cavity, resulting in a better cavity-forming effect and making it less prone to collapse. The cavity-forming device uses low-speed motion, and by changing the type of drilling bit, it can achieve an even better cavity-forming effect.

[0009] Note that the description of these objectives does not preclude the existence of other objectives. One aspect of the invention does not require achieving all of the above objectives. Objectives other than those described above can be extracted from the description, drawings, and claims.

[0010] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0011] A well drilling mechanism includes a frame, a power drive device, a first sprocket, a first crank, a first crank connecting rod, a second crank connecting rod, a second crank, a second sprocket, and a hole-forming device.

[0012] The power drive device is installed on one side of the frame, and the first sprocket, the first crank, the first crank connecting rod, the second crank connecting rod, the second crank, the second sprocket, and the cavity forming device are all installed on the other side of the frame.

[0013] The power output shaft of the power drive device is connected to the first sprocket. The rotation center of the first sprocket is connected to one end of the first crank. The other end of the first crank is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod. The rotation center of the second sprocket is hinged to one end of the second crank. The other end of the second crank is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod. The other end of the second crank connecting rod is connected to the cavity forming device. The other end of the first crank connecting rod is hinged to the middle of the second crank connecting rod. The first sprocket and the second sprocket are connected by a chain.

[0014] In the above scheme, the power drive device includes a coupling, a motor bracket, a speed-regulating motor, and a motor mounting plate;

[0015] The coupling is connected to the output shaft of the speed-regulating motor; the speed-regulating motor is mounted on the motor bracket; one end of the motor bracket is connected to the motor mounting plate, and the other end of the motor mounting plate is connected to the frame.

[0016] In the above scheme, the first crank includes a first crank body, a first crank drive shaft, a first bearing sleeve, a first flange bearing, and a crank cover plate;

[0017] Two flange bearings are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame and mounted on the frame; one side of the first crank drive shaft is connected to the coupling, and the other side passes through the flange bearing and the frame to connect to the crank cover plate; the first sprocket is connected to the flange bearing through the first bearing sleeve and is connected to the first crank drive shaft by a key; one end of the first crank body is in contact with the first sprocket through the first bearing sleeve and is connected to the first crank drive shaft by a key, and the other end of the first crank body is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod; the speed-regulating motor drives the first crank drive shaft to rotate through the coupling, and the first crank drive shaft drives the first sprocket and the first crank body to rotate synchronously through the key.

[0018] In the above scheme, the first crank connecting rod includes a first crank connecting rod body, a connecting rod casting, a connecting rod pin, a first deep groove ball bearing, a first shaft elastic retaining ring, and a connecting rod pin;

[0019] Both ends of the first crank connecting rod body are provided with through holes. Two first deep groove ball bearings are symmetrically arranged inside the through holes. Each first deep groove ball bearing is connected to a first shaft elastic retaining ring on its outer side to restrict the axial movement of the first deep groove ball bearing. The connecting rod pin passes through the through hole at one end of the first crank connecting body to connect one end of the first crank connecting body to the other end of the first crank body. The connecting rod pin passes through the through hole at the other end of the first crank connecting body to connect the other end of the first crank connecting body to one end of the connecting rod casting. The other end of the connecting rod casting is connected to the middle part of the second crank connecting rod body.

[0020] In the above scheme, the second crank connecting rod includes a second crank connecting rod body, a deep groove ball bearing with dust covers on both sides, a bearing cap, and a bearing end cap; the inner end of the second crank connecting rod body with the bearing seat hole is connected to the deep groove ball bearing with dust covers on both sides, and a shaft end cap is connected to the outer side of the deep groove ball bearing with dust covers on both sides to limit axial displacement; a bearing end cap is connected to the outer side of the bearing cap to limit axial displacement; the second crank is connected to the deep groove ball bearing with dust covers on both sides.

[0021] In the above scheme, the second crank includes a second crank body, a second crank drive shaft, a second bearing sleeve, and a second flange bearing;

[0022] Two second flange bearings are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame and mounted on the frame; one side of the second crank drive shaft is connected to one end of the second crank body, and the other side passes through the second flange bearing and is connected to the frame; the second sprocket is connected to the second flange bearing through the second bearing sleeve and is connected to the second crank drive shaft by a key; the other end of the second crank body is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod body.

[0023] The rotation centers of the first sprocket and the second sprocket are on the same straight line, which intersects the horizontal line at an angle.

[0024] In the above scheme, the cavity forming device includes a cavity forming casting, a cavity forming disc, a cavity forming drill bit, a cavity forming drilling shaft, a second deep groove ball bearing, and a second shaft elastic retaining ring;

[0025] Two second deep groove ball bearings are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the other end of the second crank connecting body; a second shaft elastic retaining ring is connected to the outer side of each second deep groove ball bearing to restrict the axial movement of the second deep groove ball bearing; one end of the cavity casting is connected to the second crank connecting body through a cavity-drilled shaft.

[0026] The bottom of the cavity casting, the cavity disc, and the cavity drill bit are connected from top to bottom by screws.

[0027] In the above scheme, the hole-forming drill bit is a tapered drill bit with a taper of 0.5.

[0028] In the above scheme, the second crank connecting rod, the connecting rod casting, and the cavity casting are on the same plane, the center line of the second crank connecting rod is perpendicular to the center line of the connecting rod casting, and the center line of the second crank connecting rod is perpendicular to the center line of the cavity casting.

[0029] A well-type transplanter includes the well-drilling mechanism.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. This invention enables the hole-forming drill bit to be inserted vertically into the soil mound, allowing the hole-forming mechanism to drill along a set trajectory. This effectively achieves continuous drilling, reduces the resistance when the hole-forming drill bit enters the soil, and makes it easier for the machine to enter the soil, thereby improving the hole-forming efficiency and hole quality.

[0032] 2. Through the overall structure design, this invention enables the hole-forming drill bit to be inserted vertically into the soil, which helps to ensure the angle between the bottom of the ridge and the horizontal plane. The rotation of the double crank drives the hole-forming drill bit to move back and forth and up and down. The hole-forming device makes it easier for the hole-forming drill bit to enter the soil.

[0033] 3. The hole-forming device of the present invention uses a conical drill bit, which, compared with a spiral blade drill bit, produces a smoother and tighter inner wall of the well, resulting in a better hole-forming effect and making it less prone to collapse. The hole-forming device uses a low rotation speed and can achieve a better soil removal effect by changing the type of drilling bit.

[0034] 4. The structure of this invention forms a double-crank five-bar linkage in terms of mechanics. The hole-forming trajectory facilitates the smoothness of the mechanism's movement and vibration reduction. Slippage is less likely to occur between the hole-forming drill bit and the hole. It has a good scraping effect on the soil particles on the inner wall of the hole, making it less likely for soil on the inner wall of the hole to flow back to the bottom of the hole, thus forming high-quality holes. When the drilling mechanism reaches the ridge line, it breaks through the mulch film and completes the hole. The trajectory below the ridge line is basically horizontal with the ridge line, meeting the requirements for hole formation.

[0035] 5. This invention solves the problems of high labor intensity and discontinuous drilling in the prior art. Through the interaction mechanism between the hole-forming mechanism and the soil, the soil is moved to the surrounding area by the squeezing action of the hole-forming drill bit, which reduces the gap between soil particles and increases compaction. This solves the problems of serious soil backflow, unsatisfactory work efficiency, difficulty in entering the soil, and easy damage to the drill bit.

[0036] Note that the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. One aspect of the invention does not necessarily have all the aforementioned effects. Effects other than those described above can be readily observed and extracted from the description, drawings, claims, etc. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a double-crank five-bar type well drilling mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power drive device for a well drilling mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a double crank structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a crank-connecting rod structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cavity-forming device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 6 This is the mathematical model of the double-crank five-bar drilling mechanism for wells and cellars of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 7This is a simulation diagram of the relative motion trajectory of the double-crank five-bar drilling mechanism of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a simulation diagram of the absolute motion trajectory of the double-crank five-bar drilling mechanism of the present invention.

[0046] In the diagram: 1-Frame, 2-Power drive unit, 3-First sprocket, 4-First crank, 5-First crank connecting rod, 6-Second crank connecting rod, 7-Second crank, 8-Second sprocket, 9-Cavity forming device, 201-Coupling, 202-Motor bracket, 203-Speed-regulating motor, 204-Motor mounting plate, 401-First crank body, 402-First crank drive shaft, 403-First bearing sleeve, 404-First flange bearing, 405-Crank cover plate, 501-First crank connecting rod body, 502-First deep groove ball bearing, 503- First shaft elastic retaining ring, 504-connecting rod casting, 505-connecting rod pin, 506-connecting rod pin, 601-second crank connecting rod body, 602-bearing end cap, 603-bearing cap, 604-deep groove ball bearing with dust covers on both sides, 701-second crank body, 702-second crank drive shaft, 703-second bearing sleeve, 704-second flange bearing, 901-cavity casting, 902-cavity drilling shaft, 903-second deep groove ball bearing, 904-second shaft elastic retaining ring, 905-cavity disc, 906-cavity drill bit. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0049] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0050] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] like Figure 1-5 The diagram shows a preferred embodiment of the well drilling mechanism of the present invention, which is used to realize the continuous drilling function of the present invention, reduce the drilling resistance when the machine moves forward, and make it easier for the drilling bit to enter the soil; and reduce the situation of hole collapse, instability, and severe soil backflow in the hole body after the hole is formed.

[0053] The well drilling mechanism includes a frame 1, a power drive device 2, a first sprocket 3, a first crank 4, a first crank connecting rod 5, a second crank connecting rod 6, a second crank 7, a second sprocket 8, and a hole-forming device 9.

[0054] The frame 1 is used to support and connect the various devices.

[0055] The power drive device 2 provides power to the first crank 4, the first crank connecting rod 5, the second crank connecting rod 6, and the second crank 7. The first crank 4 and the second crank 7 are respectively mounted on the upper right and lower left of the left side plate of the frame 1, and connected to the bearing seat holes on the frame 1. The first crank 4 and the second crank 7 convert the power input from the power drive device 2 into uniform rotation of the cranks. The rotation speeds of the first crank 4 and the second crank 7 are the same, driving the first crank connecting rod 5 and the second crank connecting rod 6 to form a combined motion, which in turn drives the end-forming device 9 to form a well-drilling motion. The well-forming device 9 reduces the resistance when the mechanism enters the soil, making it easier for the drilling bit to enter the soil and form high-quality holes, providing a foundation for realizing the mechanical motion of membrane breaking, drilling, transplanting, and pouring.

[0056] The power drive device 2, the first sprocket 3, the first crank 4, the first crank connecting rod 5, the second crank connecting rod 6, the second crank 7, the second sprocket 8, and the cavity forming device 9 are all mounted on the frame 1;

[0057] Preferably, the power drive device 2 is installed on one side of the frame 1, and the first sprocket 3, the first crank 4, the first crank connecting rod 5, the second crank connecting rod 6, the second crank 7, the second sprocket 8, and the cavity forming device 9 are all installed on the other side of the frame 1. The power output shaft of the power drive device 2 is connected to the first sprocket 3. The rotation center of the first sprocket 3 is connected to one end of the first crank 4. The other end of the first crank 4 is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod 5. The rotation center of the second sprocket 8 is hinged to one end of the second crank 7. The other end of the second crank 7 is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod 6 through a drive shaft. The other end of the second crank connecting rod 6 is connected to the cavity forming device 9. The other end of the first crank connecting rod 5 is hinged to the middle of the second crank connecting rod 6 through a connecting rod casting 505. The first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 are connected by a chain.

[0058] The first crank 4, the power drive device 2, and the first sprocket 3 are located on the upper right of the frame 1; the first crank connecting rod 5 is located at the end of the first crank 4 and is connected by a pin 506; the first crank connecting rod 5 and the second crank connecting rod 6 are connected by a connecting rod casting 504; the second crank connecting rod 6, the second crank 7, and the second sprocket 8 are located on the lower left of the frame 1; the rotation centers of the first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 are located at a fixed angle to the horizontal line, and the first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 are connected by a chain, and the rotary motor 203 drives them to rotate synchronously; the hole-forming device 9 is connected to the end of the second crank connecting rod body 601 to drive the hole-forming drill bit 906 to insert into the soil ridge along a set trajectory to form a high-quality hole.

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, the power drive device 2 includes a coupling 201, a motor bracket 202, a speed-regulating motor 203, and a motor mounting plate 204. The coupling 201 is connected to the output shaft of the speed-regulating motor 203 and is used to drive the crank. The speed-regulating motor 203 is mounted on the motor bracket 202. One end of the motor bracket 202 is connected to the motor mounting plate 204 by bolts, and the other end of the motor mounting plate 204 is connected to the frame 1. Preferably, the power drive device 2 is mounted on the right side of the frame 1 and connected to the motor hole of the frame 1.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown, the first crank 4 includes a first crank body 401, a first crank drive shaft 402, a first bearing sleeve 403, a first flange bearing 404, and a crank cover plate 405.

[0061] Two flange bearings 404 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame 1 and are bolted to the upper right of the frame 1. One side of the first crank drive shaft 402 is connected to the coupling 201, and the other side passes through the flange bearing 404 and the frame 1 and is connected to the crank cover plate 405 by screws. The first sprocket 3 is connected to the flange bearing 404 through the first bearing sleeve 403 and is connected to the first crank drive shaft 402 by a key. One end of the first crank body 401 is in contact with the first sprocket 3 through the first bearing sleeve 403 and is connected to the first crank drive shaft 402 by a key. As the first crank drive shaft 402 rotates synchronously, the other end of the first crank body 401 is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod 5. The speed regulating motor 203 drives the first crank drive shaft 402 to rotate through the coupling 201. The first crank drive shaft 402 drives the first sprocket 3 and the first crank body 401 to rotate synchronously through the key.

[0062] like Figure 4 As shown, the first crank connecting rod 5 includes a first crank connecting rod body 501, a connecting rod casting 504, a connecting rod pin 505, a first deep groove ball bearing 502, a first shaft elastic retaining ring 503, and a connecting rod pin 506.

[0063] Both ends of the first crank connecting rod body 501 are provided with through holes. Two first deep groove ball bearings 502 are symmetrically arranged inside the through holes. A first shaft elastic retaining ring 503 is connected to the outside of each first deep groove ball bearing 502 to restrict the axial movement of the first deep groove ball bearing 502. The connecting rod pin 506 passes through the through hole at one end of the first crank connecting body 501 and connects one end of the first crank connecting body 501 to the other end of the first crank body 401. The connecting rod pin 505 passes through the through hole at the other end of the first crank connecting body 501 and connects the other end of the first crank connecting body 501 to one end of the connecting rod casting 504. The first crank connecting body 501, the connecting rod pin 505, and the connecting rod casting 504 are connected together by screws. The other end of the connecting rod casting 504 is connected to the middle of the second crank connecting rod body 601 by screws.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown, the second crank connecting rod 6 includes a second crank connecting rod body 601, a deep groove ball bearing 604 with dust covers on both sides, a bearing cover 603, and a bearing end cover 602; the inner end of the second crank connecting rod body 601 with the bearing seat hole is connected to the deep groove ball bearing 604 with dust covers on both sides, and a shaft end cover 603 is connected to the outer side of the deep groove ball bearing 604 with dust covers on both sides to limit the axial displacement of the bearing, and is bolted to the second crank connecting rod body 601; a bearing end cover 602 is connected to the outer side of the bearing cover 603 to limit the axial displacement of the bearing; the second crank body 701 of the second crank 7 is connected to the deep groove ball bearing 604.

[0065] like Figure 3 As shown, the second crank 7 includes a second crank body 701, a second crank drive shaft 702, a second bearing sleeve 703, and a second flange bearing 704.

[0066] Two second flange bearings 704 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame 1 and are bolted to the lower left of the frame 1; one side of the second crank drive shaft 702 is bolted to one end of the second crank body 701, and the other side passes through the second flange bearing 704 and is connected to the frame 1; the second sprocket 8 is connected to the second flange bearing 704 through the second bearing sleeve 703 and is keyed to the second crank drive shaft 702; the other end of the second crank body 701 is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod body 601.

[0067] The first crank 4 drives the second crank 7 to move synchronously via a chain, and the second crank drive shaft 702 drives the second sprocket 8 to rotate synchronously with the second crank body 701 via a key.

[0068] The first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 are connected by a chain and driven to move synchronously by a power source that rotates at a constant speed; the rotation centers of the first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 are on the same straight line, and the straight line intersects the horizontal line at an angle, preferably 40 to 50°; the distance between the first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 is preferably 290 mm.

[0069] like Figure 5 As shown, the cavity forming device 9 includes a cavity forming casting 901, a cavity forming disc 905, a cavity forming drill bit 906, a cavity forming drilling shaft 902, a second deep groove ball bearing 903, and a second shaft elastic retaining ring 904.

[0070] Two second deep groove ball bearings 903 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the other end of the second crank connecting body 601; a second shaft elastic retaining ring 904 is connected to the outer side of each second deep groove ball bearing 903 to restrict the axial movement of the second deep groove ball bearing 903; one end of the cavity casting 901 is connected to the second crank connecting body 601 through a cavity drilling shaft 902; the cavity drilling shaft 902 is installed on the cavity casting 901 by screws; the bottom of the cavity casting 901, the cavity disc 905, and the cavity drill bit 906 are connected from top to bottom by screws.

[0071] The hole-forming drill bit 906 is a conical drill bit with a taper of 0.5, which provides the best soil backflow effect and helps to ensure the hole diameter.

[0072] The hole-forming drill bit 906 is made of high-strength metal, and different types of hole-forming drill bits can be easily replaced according to different transplanting requirements.

[0073] The second crank connecting rod 6, the connecting rod casting 504, and the cavity casting 901 are on the same plane. The center line of the second crank connecting rod 6 is perpendicular to the center line of the connecting rod casting 504, and the center line of the second crank connecting rod 6 is perpendicular to the center line of the cavity casting 901. This improves the drilling accuracy and helps to ensure the drilling depth and cavity effect of the cavity forming mechanism.

[0074] The cavity-forming device 9 is installed at the end of the second crank-connecting rod mechanism 6. It is driven by the first crank-connecting rod 5 and the second crank-connecting rod 6 to form a combined motion, which drives the end cavity-forming device 9 to form a complex motion of drilling wells and pits.

[0075] like Figure 6 As shown, the rotation center of the first sprocket 3 is connected to one end of the first crank body 401, and the first crank body

[0076] The other end of 401 is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod body 501. The rotation center of the second sprocket 8 is hinged to one end of the second crank body 701. The other end of the second crank body 701 is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod body 601. The other end of the second crank connecting rod body 601 is connected to the cavity casting 901. The other end of the first crank connecting rod body 501 is hinged to the middle of the second crank connecting rod body 601 through the connecting rod casting 505. The first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 are connected by a chain. Based on this connection method, a double-crank five-bar linkage is mechanically formed.

[0077] The mathematical model of the double-crank five-bar linkage includes l1, l2, l3, l4, and l5, where l1, l2, l3, l4, and l5 are the five corresponding mechanical links, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the five lines of different colors represent the five links forming a double-crank five-bar linkage; where l1 is the distance between the centers of the first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8, l2 is the length of the first crank body 401, l3 is the length of the first crank connecting rod body 501, l4 is the distance from the rotation center of the first crank connecting rod body 501 to the rotation center of the second crank connecting rod body 601, l5 is the length of the second crank body 701; l4 is... Where l6 is the length of the connecting rod casting 504, l7 is the distance between the rotation center of the second crank body 701 and the connecting rod casting 504; l8 is the distance between the center of the cavity casting 901 and the connecting rod casting 504; l9 is the length of the cavity forming device 9, and G is the end point of the drilling bit.

[0078] When the double-crank five-bar linkage is working, l2 (first crank 4) and l5 (second crank 7) are driving members. They rotate at equal angular velocities around the rotation center A of the first sprocket 3 and the rotation center O of the second sprocket 8, respectively. Through l3 (first crank connecting rod 5) and l4, they drive the hole-forming device 9 to complete the drilling work according to the predetermined trajectory.

[0079] Preferably, l1 is 290mm, l2 is 73mm, l3 is 120mm, l5 is 60mm, l6 is 45mm, l7 is 220mm, l8 is 230mm, and l9 is 180mm to meet the depth of the tobacco well-type drilling.

[0080] Figure 6 In the above, α1 is the angle between the line connecting the rotation centers of the first crank 4 and the second crank 7 and the horizontal line; α2 is the angle between the center line of the first crank 4 and the horizontal line; α3 is the angle between the center line of the first crank connecting rod 5 and the horizontal line; α4 is the angle between the line connecting the rotation center of the first crank connecting rod 5 to the rotation center of the second crank connecting rod 6 and the horizontal line; α5 is the angle between the center line of the second crank 7 and the horizontal line; α6 is the angle between the line connecting the rotation center of the second crank 7 and the connecting rod casting 504 and the horizontal line; α7 is the angle between the line connecting the cavity forming device 9 and the connecting rod casting 504 and the horizontal line; and α8 is the angle between the center line of the cavity forming device 9 and the center line of the second crank connecting rod 6. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the initial angles α1, α2, and α5 are given as 45°, 45°, and 60°.

[0081] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, in order to meet the agronomic requirements of well-type planting, it is expected that the holes can be formed at a uniform and stable rate, and the speed at the moment of insertion and withdrawal from the soil should be minimized. After comparing the design goals in the early stage, the crank rotation speed is set to 45 m / min, the transplanter speed is set to 0.4 m / s, α8 is 90°, l1 is 290 mm, l2 is 100 mm, l3 is 122 mm, l5 is 64 mm, l6 is 45 mm, l7 is 229 mm, l8 is 229 mm, and l9 is 243 mm. The obtained result is the ideal static trajectory of the drilling mechanism, and the hole formation trajectory is as follows. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the relative motion trajectory of the drilling mechanism is the trajectory of the hole-forming drill bit 906 relative to the frame 1. At this point, the curve is relatively smooth and continuous, without sharp inflection points, and the fluctuation range of speed and acceleration is also small, which is beneficial for achieving smooth movement and vibration reduction of the mechanism. When the transplanter moves forward, it inserts the soil ridge along the set trajectory, as shown... Figure 8As shown in the figure, the absolute motion trajectory of the drilling mechanism is the trajectory of the hole-forming drill bit 906 relative to the ground. The hole-forming trajectory has a loop below the ridge line. The horizontal velocity of the hole-forming mechanism is equal to the speed of the transplanter, but in the opposite direction. At this point, the absolute instantaneous velocity of the hole-forming mechanism relative to the ground is zero, which is the zero-velocity point. When forming a hole at the zero-velocity point, it is not affected by the movement of the mechanism. There is no slippage between the hole-forming drill bit and the hole. It has a good scraping effect on the soil particles on the inner wall of the hole, and it is not easy for the soil on the inner wall of the hole to flow back to the bottom of the hole, so that high-quality holes can be formed. When the drilling mechanism reaches the ridge line, it breaks through the mulch film and completes the hole. The trajectory below the ridge line is basically horizontal with the ridge line, which meets the requirements for hole formation.

[0082] This invention solves the problems of high labor intensity and discontinuous drilling in the prior art. Through the interaction mechanism between the hole-forming mechanism and the soil, the soil is moved to the surrounding area by the squeezing action of the hole-forming drill bit 906, which reduces the gap between soil particles and increases compaction. This solves the problems of serious soil backflow, unsatisfactory work efficiency, difficulty in entering the soil, and easy damage to the drill bit.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] A well-type transplanter includes the well-drilling mechanism described in Example 1, and therefore has the aforementioned beneficial effects, which will not be elaborated here.

[0085] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0086] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific illustrations of feasible embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A well and cellar drilling mechanism, characterized in that, It includes a frame (1), a power drive unit (2), a first sprocket (3), a first crank (4), a first crank connecting rod (5), a second crank connecting rod (6), a second crank (7), a second sprocket (8), and a cavity forming device (9); The power drive device (2) is installed on one side of the frame (1), and the first sprocket (3), the first crank (4), the first crank connecting rod (5), the second crank connecting rod (6), the second crank (7), the second sprocket (8), and the cavity forming device (9) are all installed on the other side of the frame (1). The power output shaft of the power drive device (2) is connected to the first sprocket (3). The rotation center of the first sprocket (3) is connected to one end of the first crank (4). The other end of the first crank (4) is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod (5). The rotation center of the second sprocket (8) is hinged to one end of the second crank (7). The other end of the second crank (7) is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod (6). The other end of the second crank connecting rod (6) is connected to the cavity forming device (9). The other end of the first crank connecting rod (5) is hinged to the middle of the second crank connecting rod (6). The first sprocket (3) and the second sprocket (8) are connected by a chain. The power drive device (2) includes a speed-regulating motor (203); The first crank connecting rod (5) includes a connecting rod casting (504) and a connecting rod pin (506). The second crank connecting rod (6) includes a second crank connecting rod body (601). The cavity-forming device (9) includes a cavity-forming drill bit (906); The hole-forming drill bit (906) is a tapered drill bit with a taper of 0.

5. The first crank (4), the power drive unit (2), and the first sprocket (3) are located on the upper right side of the frame (1); the first crank connecting rod (5) is located at the end of the first crank (4) and is connected by a pin (506); the first crank connecting rod (5) and the second crank connecting rod (6) are connected by a connecting rod casting (504); the second crank connecting rod (6), the second crank (7), and the second sprocket (8) are located on the lower left side of the frame (1); the rotation centers of the first sprocket (3) and the second sprocket (8) are located at... The straight line and the horizontal line are set at a fixed angle. The first sprocket (3) and the second sprocket (8) are connected by a chain. The speed-regulating motor (203) drives the two to rotate synchronously. The hole-forming device (9) is connected to the end of the second crank connecting rod body (601) to drive the hole-forming drill bit (906) to insert into the soil ridge along the set trajectory. There is a loop below the ridge surface line in the hole-forming trajectory. The horizontal speed of the hole-forming mechanism is equal to the speed of the transplanter, but in opposite directions. At this time, the absolute instantaneous speed of the hole-forming mechanism is zero relative to the ground.

2. The well drilling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power drive device (2) also includes a coupling (201), a motor bracket (202), and a motor mounting plate (204). The coupling (201) is connected to the output shaft of the speed-regulating motor (203); the speed-regulating motor (203) is mounted on the motor bracket (202); the motor bracket (202) is connected to one end of the motor mounting plate (204), and the other end of the motor mounting plate (204) is connected to the frame (1).

3. The well drilling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first crank (4) includes a first crank body (401), a first crank drive shaft (402), a first bearing sleeve (403), a first flange bearing (404), and a crank cover plate (405). Two first flange bearings (404) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame (1) and mounted on the frame (1); one side of the first crank drive shaft (402) is connected to the coupling (201), and the other side passes through the first flange bearing (404) and the frame (1) and is connected to the crank cover plate (405); the first sprocket (3) is connected to the first flange bearing (404) through the first bearing sleeve (403) and is connected to the first crank drive shaft (402) by a key; the first crank One end of the main body (401) is in contact with the first sprocket (3) through the first bearing sleeve (403) and is connected to the first crank drive shaft (402) by a key. The other end of the first crank body (401) is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod (5). The speed regulating motor (203) drives the first crank drive shaft (402) to rotate through the coupling (201). The first crank drive shaft (402) drives the first sprocket (3) to rotate synchronously with the first crank body (401) through the key.

4. The well drilling mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first crank connecting rod (5) also includes a first crank connecting rod body (501), a connecting rod pin (505), a first deep groove ball bearing (502), and a first shaft elastic retaining ring (503). The first crank connecting rod body (501) has through holes at both ends. Two first deep groove ball bearings (502) are symmetrically arranged inside the through holes. A first shaft elastic retaining ring (503) is connected to the outside of each first deep groove ball bearing (502) to restrict the axial movement of the first deep groove ball bearing (502). The connecting rod pin (506) passes through the through hole at one end of the first crank connecting rod body (501) to connect one end of the first crank connecting rod body (501) to the other end of the first crank body (401). The connecting rod pin (505) passes through the through hole at the other end of the first crank connecting rod body (501) to connect the other end of the first crank connecting rod body (501) to one end of the connecting rod casting (504). The other end of the connecting rod casting (504) is connected to the middle of the second crank connecting rod body (601).

5. The well drilling mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second crank connecting rod (6) also includes a deep groove ball bearing (604) with dust covers on both sides, a bearing cap (603) and a bearing end cap (602); the inner end of the second crank connecting rod body (601) with the bearing seat hole is connected to the deep groove ball bearing (604) with dust covers on both sides, and a bearing cap (603) is connected to the outer side of the deep groove ball bearing (604) with dust covers on both sides to limit axial displacement; a bearing end cap (602) is connected to the outer side of the bearing cap (603) to limit axial displacement; the second crank (7) is connected to the deep groove ball bearing (604) with dust covers on both sides.

6. The well drilling mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second crank (7) includes a second crank body (701), a second crank drive shaft (702), a second bearing sleeve (703), and a second flange bearing (704). Two second flange bearings (704) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame (1) and mounted on the frame (1); one side of the second crank drive shaft (702) is connected to one end of the second crank body (701), and the other side passes through the second flange bearing (704) and is connected to the frame (1); the second sprocket (8) is connected to the second flange bearing (704) through the second bearing sleeve (703) and is connected to the second crank drive shaft (702) by a key; the other end of the second crank body (701) is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod body (601); The rotation centers of the first sprocket (3) and the second sprocket (8) are on the same straight line, which intersects the horizontal line at an angle.

7. The well drilling mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cavity forming device (9) also includes a cavity forming casting (901), a cavity forming disc (905), a cavity forming drilling shaft (902), a second deep groove ball bearing (903), and a second shaft elastic retaining ring (904). Two second deep groove ball bearings (903) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the other end of the second crank connecting rod body (601); a second shaft elastic retaining ring (904) is connected to the outer side of each second deep groove ball bearing (903) to restrict the axial movement of the second deep groove ball bearing (903); one end of the cavity casting (901) is connected to the second crank connecting rod body (601) through the cavity drilling shaft (902); The bottom of the cavity casting (901), the cavity disk (905), and the cavity drill bit (906) are connected from top to bottom by screws.

8. The well drilling mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second crank connecting rod (6), the connecting rod casting (504), and the cavity casting (901) are on the same plane. The center line of the second crank connecting rod (6) is perpendicular to the center line of the connecting rod casting (504), and the center line of the second crank connecting rod (6) is perpendicular to the center line of the cavity casting (901).

9. A well-type transplanter, characterized in that, Includes the well drilling mechanism as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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