Feed additive as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a feed additive as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials: composite starch, composite grease and a traditional Chinese medicine extract, the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises a smilax riparia extract and a eucommia ulmoides extract. Eucommia ulmoides is rich in nutrition, has the functions of regulating qi and enriching blood, eliminating dampness and strengthening spleen, strengthening tendons and bones, tonifying liver and kidney, resisting aging, promoting metabolism and the like, and has the effects of strengthening spleen and stomach, resisting and inhibiting bacteria, promoting digestion and tonifying liver and kidney; the feed additive can significantly enhance the physique of the piglets, improve the immunity, effectively promote the growth and development of the piglets, improve the average weight gain of the piglets and reduce the morbidity of the piglets, thereby effectively improving the breeding benefits of the piglets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of feed technology, and in particular to a feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Feed is the basis of pig farming and is also an important factor affecting the time to market, adult pig weight and morbidity. There are many types of commonly used pig feed, which are divided into protein feed, energy feed, roughage, green feed, silage, mineral feed and feed additives according to nutrition.

[0003] Feed additives refer to small or trace substances added during the production, processing and use of feed. They are used in small amounts in feed but have significant effects. Feed additives are raw materials that must be used in the modern feed industry. They have obvious effects on strengthening the nutritional value of basic feed, improving animal production performance, ensuring animal health, saving feed costs, and improving the quality of livestock products.

[0004] Livestock and poultry feed additives play an extremely important role in improving the nutritional value of feed, increasing feed utilization, promoting animal production, enhancing animal health, improving the quality of livestock products, improving animal production performance, and reducing production costs.

[0005] In the intensive pig farm management, the annual number of pigs slaughtered has been greatly increased, but the pig feed cannot meet the growth needs of the piglets, resulting in high morbidity rates, long growth time and average weight that does not meet people's expectations; therefore, new feed additives need to be developed.

[0006] Application Contents

[0007] The present application is made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a feed additive that can effectively enhance immunity and growth and development.

[0008] Specifically, the first aspect of the present application provides a feed additive, the preparation raw materials of which include composite starch, composite oil and traditional Chinese medicine extract;

[0009] The traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises a Jiuniuli extract and an Eucommia ulmoides extract.

[0010] According to one of the technical solutions of this application, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0011] Jiuniuli: Also known as Chuantai and Tubixie, it is the rhizome of the Liliaceae plant Smilax glabra. It tastes sweet and light, and is neutral in nature. It has the effects of strengthening the spleen and stomach, strengthening the tendons and bones.

[0012] Eucommia: also known as bakelite, it is a plant of the Eucommia family. It tastes pungent and bitter, and is warm in nature. It enters the spleen, stomach, and liver meridians. It contains amino acids, proteins, zinc, copper, iron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and other mineral elements. It has the functions of regulating qi and nourishing blood, drying dampness and strengthening the spleen, strengthening tendons and bones, nourishing the liver and kidneys, anti-aging, dispelling wind and cold, improving eyesight, and promoting metabolism.

[0013] Jiuniuli has the effects of strengthening the spleen and stomach, strengthening tendons and bones, etc. Eucommia ulmoides is rich in nutrients and has the functions of regulating qi and nourishing blood, drying dampness and strengthening spleen, strengthening tendons and bones, nourishing liver and kidney, anti-aging, and promoting metabolism. It has the effects of strengthening spleen and stomach, antibacterial and antibacterial, promoting digestion, and nourishing liver and kidney;

[0014] The feed additive of the present application significantly enhances the physique of piglets, improves immunity, effectively promotes the growth and development of piglets, increases the average weight gain of piglets, reduces the incidence of piglet diseases, and thus effectively improves the breeding efficiency of piglets.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, the composite starch consists of glutinous rice starch and corn starch.

[0016] Amylose and amylopectin are the two main forms of starch. Amylose is a straight-chain structure without branches, while amylopectin has many non-directional "branches" on the straight-chain structure.

[0017] The content of amylose in glutinous rice starch is very low, while the content of amylopectin is very high; the content of amylose in corn starch is higher than that in glutinous rice starch. By combining glutinous rice starch and corn starch, the ratio of amylose to amylopectin in feed additives can be controlled, thereby controlling the performance of feed additives.

[0018] Starch, as an adjuvant and carrier of feed additives, can be digested and can be completely adsorbed on the surface of feed and enter the intestine together with the feed. At the same time, it has a sustained release function during the starch digestion process, which prolongs the action time of feed additives in the intestine, with significant effects.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of glutinous rice starch to corn starch is 2 to 4:1.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present application, the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0021] 10 parts of composite starch, 3 parts to 5 parts of composite oil and 0.5 parts to 1.5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine composition.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the Jiuniuli extract to the Eucommia ulmoides extract is 1:2-4.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present application, the composite oil includes soybean oil, palm oil and coconut oil.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of soybean oil, palm oil and coconut oil is 1:1.5-2:0.2-0.3.

[0025] The present application regulates unsaturated fatty acids in feed additives by combining different oils and fats, thereby promoting growth and development.

[0026] According to some embodiments of the present application, the method for preparing the Jiuniuli extract comprises the following preparation steps:

[0027] The nine newts and ethanol aqueous solution are mixed and ultrasonicated to obtain ultrasonic extraction solution and extraction residue;

[0028] subjecting the extraction residue to supercritical extraction and collecting the extract;

[0029] The ultrasonic extract and the extractant are mixed and then concentrated and dried;

[0030] According to some embodiments of the present application, the mass fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution is 20% to 30%.

[0031] According to some embodiments of the present application, the supercritical extraction is supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.

[0032] According to some embodiments of the present application, the pressure of the supercritical extraction is 20 MPa to 30 MPa.

[0033] According to some embodiments of the present application, the method for preparing the Eucommia ulmoides extract comprises the following preparation steps:

[0034] Mixing the Eucommia ulmoides leaves and the ethanol aqueous solution, performing reflux extraction, and collecting the extract;

[0035] The extract was concentrated to dryness.

[0036] According to some embodiments of the present application, the mass fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution is 40% to 60%.

[0037] According to some embodiments of the present application, the temperature of the reflux extraction is 90°C to 100°C.

[0038] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing the above feed additive, comprising the following steps:

[0039] The prepared raw materials are mixed.

[0040] The third aspect of the present application provides the use of the above-mentioned feed additive in preparing feed.

[0041] According to some embodiments of the present application, the amount of the feed additive in the feed is 0.1% to 10%.

[0042] According to some embodiments of the present application, the amount of the feed additive in the feed is 0.1% to 5%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present drawings or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present drawings. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0044] Figure 1 These are the intestinal morphology test results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present application.

[0045] The purpose, features and advantages of this figure will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application is described and illustrated below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Based on the embodiments provided in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0047] Obviously, the following descriptions are only some examples or embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, the present application can also be applied to other similar scenarios without creative work. In addition, it can also be understood that although the efforts made in this development process may be complicated and lengthy, for ordinary technicians in the field related to the content disclosed in this application, some changes in design, manufacturing or production based on the technical content disclosed in this application are just conventional technical means, and should not be understood as insufficient content disclosed in this application.

[0048] However, unnecessary detailed descriptions may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repeated descriptions of substantially the same structures may be omitted. This is to avoid the following description from becoming unnecessarily lengthy and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. In addition, the following description is provided for those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application and is not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0049] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0051] "Scope" disclosed in the present application is limited in the form of lower limit and upper limit, and a given range is limited by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundary of a special range. The scope limited in this way can be including end values ​​or not including end values, and can be arbitrarily combined, that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a scope. For example, if the scope of 60-120 and 80-110 is listed for a specific parameter, it is understood that the scope of 60-110 and 80-120 is also expected. In addition, if the minimum range values ​​1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range values ​​3, 4 and 5 are listed, the following scope can be all expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5. In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range "ab" represents the abbreviation of any real number combination between a and b, wherein a and b are real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0-5" means that all real numbers between "0-5" are listed in this document, and "0-5" is just an abbreviation of these numerical combinations. In addition, when a parameter is expressed as an integer ≥ 2, it is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0052] If there is no special explanation, all steps of the present application can be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), which means that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or may include steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the method may further include step (c), which means that step (c) may be added to the method in any order. For example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or may include steps (a), (c) and (b), or may include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0053] If there is no special explanation, the "include" and "comprising" mentioned in this application are open-ended or closed-ended. For example, the "include" and "comprising" may mean that other components not listed may also be included or only the listed components may be included or only the listed components may be included.

[0054] If not specifically stated, in this application, the term "or" is inclusive. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B". More specifically, any of the following conditions satisfies the condition "A or B": A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).

[0055] The mass fraction of amylose in glutinous rice starch is: 98%.

[0056] The mass fraction of amylose in corn starch is: 70%.

[0057] The preparation method of Jiuniuli extract consists of the following steps:

[0058] S1, wash the root of Jiuniuli, dry it in an electric oven, crush it, and pass it through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain Jiuniuli powder;

[0059] S2, mixing 90% ethanol and aqueous ethanol solution (mass fraction of 25%, volume mass ratio of aqueous ethanol to 90% ethanol of 50 mL; 1 g) and ultrasonicating (ultrasonic power of 200 W, time of 30 min) to obtain ultrasonic extract and extraction residue;

[0060] S3, subjecting the extract residue to supercritical extraction (supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, pressure of 25 MPa, time of 30 min), and collecting the extract;

[0061] S4. The ultrasonic extract and the extract are mixed and concentrated under reduced pressure to a constant weight.

[0062] The preparation method of Eucommia ulmoides extract comprises the following steps:

[0063] The eucommia leaves were crushed and passed through a 20-mesh sieve to prepare eucommia leaf coarse powder.

[0064] The hot reflux method was used for extraction: 50% ethanol aqueous solution (the volume mass ratio of ethanol aqueous solution to eucommia leaf crude powder was 50 mL: 1 g) was refluxed at 97°C for extraction of eucommia leaf crude powder, and the extraction was repeated 4 times, each time for 30 min. The combined extraction solutions were filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain eucommia extract.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] This embodiment is a feed additive, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0067] 10 parts of composite starch, 4.2 parts of composite oil and fat and 1.4 parts of Chinese medicine composition.

[0068] The composite starch is composed of glutinous rice starch and corn starch;

[0069] The mass ratio of glutinous rice starch to corn starch is 3.4:1.

[0070] The mass ratio of Jiuniuli extract to Eucommia ulmoides extract is 1:2.4.

[0071] The compound oil consists of soybean oil, palm oil, and coconut oil;

[0072] The mass ratio of soybean oil, palm oil and coconut oil is 1:1.8:0.24.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] This embodiment is a feed additive, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0075] 10 parts of composite starch, 3 parts of composite oil and 1.5 parts of Chinese medicine composition.

[0076] The composite starch is composed of glutinous rice starch and corn starch;

[0077] The mass ratio of glutinous rice starch to corn starch is 2:1.

[0078] The mass ratio of the Jiuniuli extract to the Eucommia ulmoides extract is 1:4.

[0079] The compound oil consists of soybean oil, palm oil, and coconut oil;

[0080] The mass ratio of soybean oil, palm oil and coconut oil is 1:1.5:0.3.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] This embodiment is a feed additive, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of composite starch, 5 parts of composite oil and fat, and 0.5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine composition.

[0083] The composite starch is composed of glutinous rice starch and corn starch;

[0084] The mass ratio of glutinous rice starch to corn starch is 4:1.

[0085] The mass ratio of the Jiuniuli extract to the Eucommia ulmoides extract is 1:2.

[0086] The compound oil consists of soybean oil, palm oil, and coconut oil;

[0087] The mass ratio of soybean oil, palm oil and coconut oil is 1:2:0.2.

[0088] Example 4

[0089] This embodiment is a feed additive, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of composite starch, 3 parts of composite oil and fat, and 0.5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine composition.

[0090] The composite starch is composed of glutinous rice starch and corn starch;

[0091] The mass ratio of glutinous rice starch to corn starch is 2:1.

[0092] The mass ratio of the Jiuniuli extract to the Eucommia ulmoides extract is 1:2.

[0093] The compound oil consists of soybean oil, palm oil, and coconut oil;

[0094] The mass ratio of soybean oil, palm oil and coconut oil is 1:1.5:0.2.

[0095] Example 5

[0096] This embodiment is a feed additive, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of composite starch, 5 parts of composite oil and fat, and 1.5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine composition.

[0097] The composite starch is composed of glutinous rice starch and corn starch;

[0098] The mass ratio of glutinous rice starch to corn starch is 4:1.

[0099] The mass ratio of the Jiuniuli extract to the Eucommia ulmoides extract is 1:4.

[0100] The compound oil consists of soybean oil, palm oil, and coconut oil;

[0101] The mass ratio of soybean oil, palm oil and coconut oil is 1:2:0.3.

[0102] Comparative Example 1

[0103] This comparative example is a feed additive, and the difference from Example 1 is:

[0104] The composite oil consists of soybean oil and palm oil;

[0105] The mass ratio of soybean oil to palm oil is 1:1.8.

[0106] Comparative Example 2

[0107] This comparative example is a feed additive, which differs from Example 1 in that:

[0108] The compound oil consists of soybean oil and coconut oil;

[0109] The mass ratio of soybean oil to coconut oil is 1:0.24.

[0110] Comparative Example 3

[0111] This comparative example is a feed additive, and the difference from Example 1 is:

[0112] The traditional Chinese medicine composition was replaced with Eucommia ulmoides extract.

[0113] Comparative Example 4

[0114] This comparative example is a feed additive, and the difference from Example 1 is:

[0115] The traditional Chinese medicine composition was replaced with Jiuniuli extract.

[0116] Comparative Example 5

[0117] This comparative example is a feed additive, and the difference from Example 1 is:

[0118] No Chinese medicine composition is added.

[0119] The feeding feed consists of basic material and feed additives, and the amount of feed additives is 4%.

[0120] The mass percentages of the feed are as follows:

[0121] Puffed soybean 14%, first-grade flour 7.5%, soybean meal 3%, whey powder 10.5%, puffed corn 6%, fish meal 9%, sugar 2%, titanium dioxide 0.2%, stone powder 0.63%, monocalcium phosphate 0.65%, salt 0.15%, choline chloride 0.1%, lysine 0.4%, methionine 0.14%, threonine 0.1%, tryptophan 0.03%, feed additives 4% and the balance is corn.

[0122] Healthy, 6.5kg, 35-day-old weaned piglets were randomly divided into 10 groups according to a single-factor experimental design, with 30 pigs in each group.

[0123] The experimental pigs were housed in individual cages, and each pig was used as a group for a 14-day feeding experiment.

[0124] During the experiment, the feed intake of each group of pigs was recorded. Before and after the feeding, the fasting body weight of each experimental pig was weighed to calculate the average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed-to-weight ratio.

[0125] The specific formula is as follows:

[0126] Weight gain (g) = body weight at the end of the experiment (kg) × 1000 - body weight at the beginning of the experiment (kg) × 1000;

[0127] Average daily weight gain (g) = weight gain per pig (g) / number of test days (d);

[0128] Average daily feed intake = total feed intake of each group of pigs (kg) / (number of pigs × number of experimental days).

[0129] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0130] Table 1

[0131] - Average daily weight gain (g) Average daily feed intake (g) Example 1 339.41 376.32 Example 2 325.26 368.24 Example 3 321.36 365.85 Example 4 319.67 368.67 Example 5 316.34 367.42 Comparative Example 1 241.56 328.97 Comparative Example 2 245.62 331.26 Comparative Example 3 249.06 338.74 Comparative Example 4 256.23 342.58 Comparative Example 5 271.26 368.36

[0132] The feed additives of the present application have an effect on the feed intake and average daily weight gain of weaned piglets. From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the feed additives in Examples 1 to 5 can significantly increase the feed intake and average daily weight gain of weaned piglets, thereby promoting the growth of weaned piglets.

[0133] One day before the end of the experiment, 2 hours after the meal, take the jugular vein blood of the pigs (randomly select one) fed with the feed additives corresponding to Example 1 and the feed additives corresponding to Comparative Example 1, and divide the blood sample into two parts, one of which is placed in a centrifuge tube anticoagulated with heparin sodium solution, and centrifuged at low temperature to prepare plasma. The other part is placed in a centrifuge tube without anticoagulation treatment, and centrifuged at low temperature to prepare serum. The obtained samples are stored in a refrigerator at -20 degrees for analysis and testing, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0134] Table 2

[0135] - Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Glucose (mg / ml) 5.45±0.21 5.21±0.34 Insulin (IU / ml) 14.32±2.03 12.18±1.27

[0136] Changes in serum biochemical indicators are usually used to reflect changes in the body's metabolism and changes in tissue cell permeability.

[0137] Blood sugar is an important substrate for the body's energy supply and protein synthesis. When blood sugar is low, insulin can inhibit the cell's uptake of amino acids and GLU by affecting the cell membrane's transport system, reducing the synthesis of protein and glycogen. Within a certain range, blood sugar levels have a certain positive correlation with pig weight gain; and insulin, in addition to regulating blood sugar, also has the function of promoting anabolism.

[0138] The blood glucose concentration and insulin concentration of Example 1 are higher than those of Comparative Example 1, indicating that the feed additive in Example 1 can better promote protein synthesis and body weight gain.

[0139] Take a portion of the jejunum and ileum of the pigs fed with the feed additives corresponding to Example 1 and the feed additives corresponding to Comparative Example 1, store them in neutral formalin at room temperature for morphological analysis. Figure 1 and Table 3.

[0140] Table 3

[0141] - Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Jejunal villus height (μm) 407.28±12.64 342.25±14.38 Ileal villus height (μm) 289.63±14.43 264.51±15.64 Jejunal crypt depth (μm) 162.34±17.28 154.37±18.24 Ileal crypt depth (μm) 123.17±22.51 135.63±21.36

[0142] The feed additive in Example 1 of the present application can increase the length of the villi of the jejunum and ileum and reduce the depth of the jejunal crypts. The villi length of Example 1 is relatively short; that is, the feed additive in Example 1 of the present application has a significant effect on the intestinal morphology, the jejunum and the ileum through the composite oil and the Chinese medicine composition, and can significantly improve the health of the jejunum and the ileum; thereby promoting the growth and development of piglets.

[0143] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the main purpose of the present application, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A feed additive, characterized in that: The preparation raw materials include compound starch, compound oil and traditional Chinese medicine extract; The traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises a Jiuniuli extract and an Eucommia ulmoides extract.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The composite starch consists of glutinous rice starch and corn starch; And / or, the mass ratio of the glutinous rice starch to the corn starch is 2 to 4:

1.

3. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of composite starch, 3 parts to 5 parts of composite oil and 0.5 parts to 1.5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine composition.

4. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the Jiuniuli extract to the Eucommia ulmoides extract is 1:2-4.

5. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The composite oil comprises soybean oil, palm oil and coconut oil; And / or, the mass ratio of the soybean oil, palm oil and coconut oil is 1:1.5-2:0.2-0.

3.

6. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the Jiuniuli extract comprises the following preparation steps: The nine newts and ethanol aqueous solution are mixed and ultrasonicated to obtain ultrasonic extraction solution and extraction residue; subjecting the extraction residue to supercritical extraction and collecting the extract; The ultrasonic extract and the extractant are mixed and then concentrated and dried; And / or, the mass fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution is 20% to 30%; And / or, the supercritical extraction is supercritical carbon dioxide extraction; And / or, the pressure of the supercritical extraction is 20 MPa to 30 MPa.

7. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the Eucommia ulmoides extract comprises the following preparation steps: Mixing the Eucommia ulmoides leaves and the ethanol aqueous solution, performing reflux extraction, and collecting the extract; Concentrating the extract to dryness; And / or, the mass fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution is 40% to 60%; And / or, the temperature of the reflux extraction is 90°C to 100°C.

8. A method for preparing the feed additive according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The prepared raw materials are mixed.

9. Use of the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in preparing feed.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The dosage of the feed additive in the feed is 0.1% to 10%.

Images