Multifunctional feed for pet golden-silk bear and application of multifunctional feed

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional feed for pet golden-silk bear and application of the multifunctional feed, and belongs to the technical field of feeds. The multifunctional feed for the pet golden-silk bear is a granular feed which is prepared by coarsely crushing and uniformly mixing feed raw materials and uniformly mixing the feed raw materials with a biological fermentation feed according to a weight part ratio of 96: 4. The multifunctional feed for the pet golden-silk bear has the following unexpected technical effects: 1) the multifunctional feed for the pet golden-silk bear can promote the young golden-silk bear to reach the adult weight more quickly, and has a better weight gain effect; (2) the multifunctional feed for the pet golden-silk bear can remarkably improve the jejunum villus height of the golden-silk bear in the growing period and the adult period, reduce the ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth and promote healthy development of intestinal mucosa; and (3) the multifunctional feed for the pet golden-silk bear improves the diversity of intestinal flora of the golden-silk bear in the growing period and the adult period, remarkably reduces the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli-shigella bacteria, improves the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacillus and Akk bacteria, and adjusts the intestinal flora.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a multifunctional feed for pet golden bears and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of feeds. Background Art

[0002] Mesocricetus auratus, also known as Syrian hamster, golden hamster, etc., belongs to the genus Cricetinae, Cricetinae, class Mammalia, class Rodentia, class Cricetinae ...

[0003] However, most of the chinchilla feeds currently on the market are made from a direct dehydrated mixture of grains, grass seeds, vegetables, insects, etc., which can easily lead to unbalanced nutritional levels in the diet, and unprocessed plant seeds have the risk of containing anti-nutritional factors. On the one hand, these problems can easily cause chinchillas to refuse to eat, diarrhea (commonly known as wet tail disease) and other digestive diseases; on the other hand, they may cause liver and kidney damage to chinchillas, especially elderly chinchillas, and shorten the lifespan of pets and the time they spend with you.

[0004] Based on the above problems, it is necessary to provide a new multifunctional feed for pet golden bears. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to aim at the current situation that the nutritional standards of pet golden bear feed are lacking, intestinal and liver and kidney diseases are prevalent, and mature complete feed products are lacking. By adjusting the types and / or proportions of raw materials, the purpose of clarifying the appropriate level of feed protein for pet golden bears is achieved. By adding biological fermented feed, the purpose of maintaining intestinal health and increasing intestinal resistance is achieved. By adding astragalus polysaccharides and / or using a relatively high proportion of oats, the purpose of improving the liver and kidney health of golden bears and maintaining blood sugar stability is achieved. Finally, the functions of providing the overall health status of pet golden bears, promoting growth and development, improving body resistance, and promoting hair development are achieved. Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multifunctional feed for pet golden bears and its application. In view of the growth needs of pet golden bears and potential health risks in breeding, the present invention develops a nutritionally balanced compound feed with multiple functions such as intestinal health care and liver and kidney care.

[0006] Studies have shown that dietary nutritional regulation technology can be based on the "intestine-liver-kidney axis" to regulate intestinal health and improve mucosal barrier function, thereby promoting the functions of distant organs such as the liver and kidney. The present invention mainly carries out "intestine-liver-kidney" integrated nutritional regulation on golden bears based on this theory, and has achieved good regulatory effects. Specifically, the present invention intends to regulate the balance of intestinal flora, increase the abundance of probiotics, and improve intestinal barrier function through biological fermentation feed, starting from the "intestine" to positively regulate the health of the "liver and kidney"; at the same time, by adding astragalus polysaccharides to the diet to improve liver and kidney function, using low GI raw material oats to control blood sugar levels, and setting appropriate protein levels to reduce the burden on the kidneys, based on the "liver and kidney" to reversely improve the health of the "intestine". Combining positive and negative, the physiological function of the "intestine-liver-kidney axis" system is maintained in an integrated manner, and the overall health of animals is improved through multiple approaches. The present invention is mainly based on the above background and provides a nutritionally balanced compound feed with multiple functions such as intestinal health care and liver and kidney care.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A multifunctional feed for a pet golden bear, wherein the multifunctional feed is a granular feed prepared by uniformly mixing feed raw materials with biological fermentation feed in a weight ratio of 96:4;

[0009] The feed raw materials include the following ingredients by weight: 37-42 parts of corn flour, 10-12 parts of oats, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 4-8 parts of alfalfa, 3-5 parts of chicken meal, 3-5 parts of cooked flaxseed meal, 0-2 parts of wheat bran, 7-12 parts of broken rice, 8-12 parts of peas, 0.6-0.9 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.3-0.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of premix, wherein the raw material parts are all calculated by dry matter weight;

[0010] Each weight portion of the premix includes the following ingredients: 0.2-0.3 parts of salt, 0.03 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1 parts of mineral premix, 0.3-0.4 parts of amino acid mixture, 0.1 parts of choline, 0.025 parts of complex enzyme preparation, 0.02 parts of antioxidant, 0.04-0.08 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.05 parts of sweet orange extract, etc., and is adjusted to 1 weight portion with corn flour as a carrier.

[0011] The multifunctional feed of the invention comprises 16.3-17.7% of crude protein, 4.2-4.6% of crude fat and 5.2-6.1% of crude fiber.

[0012] In the present invention, the bio-fermented feed needs to be mixed with other components at the end due to its high water content, and is calculated by fresh weight. The fermented feed used in the present invention is purchased from Nanjing Baohui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and is prepared by solid-state fermentation using common raw materials such as corn, soybean meal, and bran as reaction substrates, and lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and Bacillus as fermentation strains. The main nutritional levels are shown in Table 1. Bio-fermented feed is a type of feed produced by fermentation and metabolism of feed raw materials such as corn, soybean meal, and cake by yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus. It contains a large amount of beneficial metabolites such as organic acids, soluble small peptides, and functional factors, and has the functions of improving feed palatability, regulating the balance of animal intestinal microecology, and promoting digestion and absorption of nutrients.

[0013] Table 1 Main nutritional levels of the bio-fermented feed used in the present invention

[0014]

[0015] In the present invention, the oats are produced in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, and have full seeds and good quality. Oats are common low GI foods. On the one hand, the starch in oats exists in the form of amylopectin, which takes a long time to digest in the gastrointestinal tract and is easy to produce a sense of fullness; on the other hand, the β-glucan rich in oats can regulate insulin synthesis, improve liver function, and maintain blood sugar stability in the body.

[0016] Furthermore, the vitamin premix of the premix includes vitamin D, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 , vitamin K3, vitamin A, vitamin E, biotin, folic acid and niacin. The vitamin premix can be directly purchased from Jiangsu Kangdiful Feed Co., Ltd.

[0017] Furthermore, the mineral premix of the premix includes one or more of ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide and sodium selenite. The mineral premix can be directly purchased from Jiangsu Kangdiful Feed Co., Ltd.

[0018] Furthermore, the amino acid mixture of the premix includes one or more of lysine, methionine, threonine and cysteine.

[0019] Furthermore, in the best embodiment of the present invention, the choline used in the premix is ​​choline chloride.

[0020] Furthermore, the composite enzyme preparation of the premix includes one or more of phytase, xylanase and mannanase. In the best embodiment of the present invention, the composite enzyme preparation is prepared by uniformly mixing phytase, xylanase and mannanase in a weight ratio of 20:1:4.

[0021] Furthermore, the antioxidant of the premix includes but is not limited to one or more of tea polyphenols, vitamin E and ethoxyquinine, which can be directly purchased from Taixing Ruitai Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0022] Furthermore, the astragalus polysaccharide of the premix is ​​in the form of brown powder. Astragalus polysaccharide is the main active ingredient of astragalus, and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Medical research has found that astragalus polysaccharide can reduce the inflammatory response of rat kidney tissue and improve the degree of renal tissue fibrosis.

[0023] In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is suitable for growing chinchillas. If the chinchillas are in the growing period, i.e., about 4 months old after being separated from the cage, the multifunctional feed is a granular feed prepared by uniformly mixing a specific feed raw material with a biological fermentation feed in a weight ratio of 96:4;

[0024] The feed raw materials in the multifunctional feed include, by weight: 37.6 parts of corn flour, 11 parts of oats, 11 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of alfalfa, 4 parts of chicken meal, 4 parts of cooked flaxseed meal, 7 parts of broken rice, 10 parts of peas, 0.9 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of premix.

[0025] Each weight portion of the premix includes: 0.3 parts of salt, 0.03 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1 parts of mineral premix, 0.3 parts of amino acid mixture (0.1 parts of methionine + 0.1 parts of lysine + 0.1 parts of threonine), 0.1 parts of choline, 0.025 parts of complex enzyme preparation (the complex enzyme preparation is made by uniformly mixing phytase, xylanase and mannanase in a weight ratio of 20:1:4), 0.02 parts of antioxidant, 0.04 parts of astragalus polysaccharide and 0.05 parts of sweet orange extract, and corn flour is used as a carrier to adjust to 1 part. The nutritional level of the pet golden bear feed includes: crude protein 16.8%, crude fat 4.4% and crude fiber 5.9%.

[0026] The second preferred embodiment of the present invention is also applicable to the growing chinchillas. If the chinchillas are in the growing period, i.e., about 4 months old after being separated from the cage, the multifunctional feed is a granular feed prepared by uniformly mixing the specific feed raw materials with the biological fermentation feed in a weight ratio of 96:4;

[0027] The feed raw materials in the multifunctional feed include, by weight: 40.8 parts of corn flour, 11 parts of oats, 15 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of alfalfa, 4 parts of chicken meal, 4 parts of cooked flaxseed meal, 10 parts of broken rice, 8 parts of peas, 0.8 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.4 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of premix.

[0028] Each weight portion of the premix comprises: 0.2 parts of salt, 0.03 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1 parts of mineral premix, 0.4 parts of amino acid mixture (0.1 parts of methionine + 0.15 parts of lysine + 0.1 parts of threonine + 0.05 parts of cysteine), 0.1 parts of choline, 0.025 parts of complex enzyme preparation (the complex enzyme preparation is prepared by uniformly mixing phytase, xylanase and mannanase in a weight ratio of 20:1:4), 0.04 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.05 parts of sweet orange extract, 0.02 parts of antioxidant, and corn flour is used as a carrier to adjust the weight to 1 part.

[0029] The nutritional level of the pet golden bear feed includes: 17.7% crude protein, 4.6% crude fat and 5.2% crude fiber.

[0030] The third preferred embodiment of the present invention is suitable for adult golden bears. If the golden bears are in adulthood, that is, after about 4 months of age, the multifunctional feed is a granular feed prepared by uniformly mixing specific feed raw materials with biological fermentation feed in a weight ratio of 96:4;

[0031] The feed raw materials in the multifunctional feed include, by weight: 38.9 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of oats, 11 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of alfalfa, 3 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of cooked flaxseed meal, 2 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of broken rice, 10 parts of peas, 0.7 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.4 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of premix.

[0032] Each weight portion of the premix comprises: 0.2 parts of salt, 0.03 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1 parts of mineral premix, 0.3 parts of amino acid mixture (0.1 parts of methionine + 0.1 parts of lysine + 0.1 parts of threonine), 0.1 parts of choline, 0.025 parts of complex enzyme preparation (the complex enzyme preparation is prepared by uniformly mixing phytase, xylanase and mannanase in a weight ratio of 20:1:4), 0.08 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.05 parts of sweet orange extract, 0.02 parts of antioxidant, and the weight is adjusted to 1 part with corn flour as a carrier.

[0033] The nutritional level of the pet golden bear feed includes: 16.3% crude protein, 4.2% crude fat and 6.1% crude fiber.

[0034] The present invention also provides application of the above feed in the field of pet golden bear breeding.

[0035] The present invention is based on the "intestine-liver-kidney axis" and promotes the functions of distant organs such as the liver and kidney by regulating intestinal health and improving mucosal barrier function, thereby carrying out "intestine-liver-kidney" integrated nutritional regulation for golden bears. Compared with the prior art, the multifunctional feed for pet golden bears of the present invention has the following unexpected technical effects:

[0036] 1) Pet golden bear multifunctional feed can help young golden bears reach adult weight faster and have a better weight gain effect;

[0037] 2) The multifunctional feed for pet chinchilla bears can significantly increase the height of the jejunal villi of chinchilla bears during the growth and adult stages, reduce the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and promote the healthy development of the intestinal mucosa.

[0038] 3) The multifunctional feed for pet golden bears improves the diversity of intestinal flora of golden bears during the growth and adult stages, significantly reduces the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Shigella, increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Akk bacteria, and regulates the intestinal flora.

[0039] 4) The multifunctional feed for pet golden bears significantly reduces the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, uric acid and urea nitrogen in the blood of adult golden bears, and improves the liver and kidney functions of elderly golden bears.

[0040] 5) The multifunctional feed for pet chinchilla bears significantly increased the total hair follicle density, secondary hair follicle density and secondary-to-primary ratio on the back of adult chinchilla bears, significantly increased the back hair density, and was beneficial to hair growth and development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 The morphological changes of the villi in the jejunum of golden bears during the growth period. (a: control feed 2; b: experimental feed 2)

[0042] Figure 2 Analysis of the diversity of the golden bear's colon flora. (Blue: Control feed 2; Pink: Experimental feed 2)

[0043] Figure 3 Analysis of the colon flora composition of golden bears during the growth period. (genus level)

[0044] Figure 4 The morphological changes of the villi in the jejunum of adult golden bears. (a: control feed 3; b: experimental feed 3)

[0045] Figure 5 Analysis of colon flora diversity of adult golden bears. (Yellow: control feed 3; green: experimental feed 3)

[0046] Figure 6 Analysis of the colon flora composition of adult golden bears. (genus level) DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following is a detailed description in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but the present invention can be implemented in a variety of different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0048] In the examples, the sources or preparation methods of the various components are described as follows:

[0049] Fermented feed was purchased from Nanjing Baohui Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0050] The origin of oats is Zhangjiakou, Hebei.

[0051] Vitamin premix was purchased from Jiangsu Kangdiful Feed Co., Ltd.

[0052] Mineral premix was purchased from Jiangsu Kangdiful Feed Co., Ltd.

[0053] Choline was choline chloride purchased from Henan Wanbang Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0054] The composite enzyme preparation is prepared by uniformly mixing phytase, xylanase and mannanase in a weight ratio of 20:1:4.

[0055] The antioxidant was a compound preparation of tea polyphenols, vitamin E and ethoxyquinine, purchased from Taixing Ruitai Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0056] Sweet orange extract was purchased from Shanghai Meinong Feed Co., Ltd.

[0057] Cooked flaxseed powder is produced in Baoding, Hebei (Yesanpo production area) and is prepared by cooking and coarse grinding.

[0058] Chicken meal is prepared by freeze-drying chicken breast and coarsely grinding it.

[0059] Alfalfa, produced in Ningxia, was purchased from Baofa Animal Food Co., Ltd.

[0060] Other raw materials, such as corn, soybean meal, broken rice, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, etc., are conventional feed raw materials and are easily purchased.

[0061] Example 1 Growth period golden bear test 1

[0062] 1.1 Experimental diet preparation

[0063] In Example 1, the pet chinchilla feed is a granular feed prepared by uniformly mixing a specific feed raw material with a biological fermentation feed in a weight ratio of 96:4;

[0064] The feed raw materials are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 37.6 parts of corn flour, 11 parts of oats, 11 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of alfalfa, 4 parts of chicken meal, 4 parts of cooked flaxseed meal, 7 parts of broken rice, 10 parts of peas, 0.9 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of premix. The parts are all calculated on a dry matter basis. The above feed raw materials are coarsely crushed and evenly mixed, and then evenly mixed with the bio-fermented feed in a weight ratio of 96:4 to prepare a granular feed by a conventional method.

[0065] Each 1 weight portion of the premix comprises: 0.3 parts of salt, 0.03 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1 parts of mineral premix, 0.3 parts of amino acid mixture (0.1 parts of methionine + 0.1 parts of lysine + 0.1 parts of threonine), 0.1 parts of choline, 0.025 parts of complex enzyme preparation, 0.02 parts of antioxidant, 0.04 parts of astragalus polysaccharide and 0.05 parts of sweet orange extract, and is adjusted to 1 part with corn flour as a carrier.

[0066] The nutritional level of the pet golden bear feed includes: 16.8% crude protein, 4.4% crude fat and 5.9% crude fiber.

[0067] 1.2 Experimental design

[0068] Twelve one-month-old golden bears were selected and randomly divided into two groups, 6 in each group. The test group was fed the feed of the present embodiment (test feed 1), and the control diet was Bukaxing 2023 version H1 golden bear staple food (control feed 1), which was made by directly drying and mixing raw materials such as compressed corn, grass seeds, mung beans, and mealworms, which can be easily purchased. The test period was 90 days. The weight of the golden bears was weighed before and after the test, and they were free to drink water and eat during the test. After the test, the feces of the golden bears were collected, and 6 were randomly selected from each group, and 3 grains were collected from each bear. The vessels used for collection were sterile. The fecal flora composition was analyzed using 16S high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the diversity, uniformity and richness of the microbial population and understand the intestinal health status.

[0069] 1.3 Test results

[0070] 1.3.1 Growth performance

[0071] As shown in Table 1, compared with feeding the control feed 1, the experimental feed 1 has a better weight gain effect on the golden bears, and can help young golden bears reach adult weight faster; at the same time, the golden bears in the experimental group were in good spirits, had a good appetite, and no illness or death occurred, reflecting a good health condition.

[0072] Table 1 Weight changes of chinchilla bears in the growing period for 90 days

[0073] Average body weight before the test, g Average body weight after the test, g Weight change, g Control feed 1 35.9 91.48 +55.58 Test feed 1 35.7 97.67 +61.97

[0074] 1.3.2 Diversity of fecal flora

[0075] In terms of fecal flora diversity, as shown in Table 2, when the experimental feed 1 was fed, the number of OUTs observed in the feces of chinchilla bears (P=0.04) and the Chao1 index (P=0.03) were significantly higher than those in the control group. Chao1 and observed_species mainly evaluate the number of species included in the community, indicating that the experimental feed 1 can improve the diversity of fecal flora and promote the balance of intestinal microecology.

[0076] In terms of the relative abundance of fecal flora, it can be seen from Table 3 that compared with the control feed 1, feeding the experimental feed 1 can significantly reduce the average abundance of fecal Escherichia coli-Shigella bacteria (P=0.04) and increase the abundance of fecal Akk bacteria (P=0.02). Escherichia coli-Shigella bacteria are typical harmful bacteria and the main harmful microorganisms in feces; while Akk bacteria are intestinal probiotics that mainly colonize in the intestinal mucosa and use mucin as a nutrient source. The increase in the abundance of this genus indicates an improvement in the intestinal mucosal barrier function.

[0077] Table 2 Diversity indicators of fecal flora in the growth period of golden bears

[0078] Control feed 1 Test feed 1 P value (*: P<0.05) OUT quantity 196.45±42.22 572.08±77.74 0.04* Shannon Index 2.62±0.82 4.72±1.02 0.26 Simpson Index 0.67±0.17 0.74±0.26 0.41 Chao1 Index 198.24±42.72 576.84±80.29 0.03*

[0079] Table 3 Relative abundance of fecal flora of golden bears during the growth period (genus level, %)

[0080] Control feed 1 Test feed 1 P value (*: P<0.05) Escherichia coli-Shigella 53.36±15.38 36.22±4.70 0.04* Lactobacillus 1.33±0.64 2.55±1.05 0.07 Akkermansia 0.29±0.07 2.24±0.73 0.02*

[0081] Example 2 - Growth period golden bear test 2

[0082] 2.1 Experimental diet preparation

[0083] In Example 2, the pet chinchilla feed is a granular feed prepared by uniformly mixing a specific feed raw material with a biological fermentation feed in a weight ratio of 96:4;

[0084] The feed raw materials are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40.8 parts of corn flour, 11 parts of oats, 15 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of alfalfa, 4 parts of chicken meal, 4 parts of cooked flaxseed meal, 10 parts of broken rice, 8 parts of peas, 0.8 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.4 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of premix. The parts are all calculated on a dry matter basis. The above feed raw materials are coarsely crushed and evenly mixed, and then evenly mixed with the biological fermentation feed in a weight ratio of 96:4 to prepare a granular feed.

[0085] Each 1 weight portion of the premix comprises: 0.2 portions of salt, 0.03 portions of vitamin premix, 0.1 portions of mineral premix, 0.4 portions of amino acid mixture (0.1 portions of methionine + 0.15 portions of lysine + 0.1 portions of threonine + 0.05 portions of cysteine), 0.1 portions of choline, 0.025 portions of complex enzyme preparation, 0.04 portions of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.05 portions of sweet orange extract, 0.02 portions of antioxidant, and is adjusted to 1 portion with corn flour as a carrier.

[0086] The nutritional level of the pet golden bear feed includes: 17.7% crude protein, 4.6% crude fat and 5.2% crude fiber.

[0087] 2.2 Experimental design

[0088] 16 1-month-old growing golden bears were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, 8 in each group, and fed with experimental diet 2 and control diet 2 respectively. The experimental group was fed with "experimental feed 2" (special for the growing period of this embodiment), and the control feed was Bukaxing 2023 version H1 golden bear staple food (original grain, "control feed 2"), which can be easily purchased. The experimental period was 30 days.

[0089] 2.3 Test results

[0090] 2.3.1 Growth performance

[0091] As shown in Table 4, the chinchillas fed with experimental feed 2 grew faster than those in the control group. It was observed that the chinchillas in the experimental group were in good spirits, had a good appetite, and no illness or death occurred.

[0092] Table 4 Weight changes of golden bears in the growing period over 30 days

[0093] Average body weight before the test, g Average body weight after the test, g Weight change, g Control feed 2 37.9 78.7 +40.8 Test feed 2 38.2 83.8 +45.6

[0094] 2.3.2 Intestinal villus morphology

[0095] After the chinchilla was killed by dislocating the neck, a 1 cm intestinal segment in the middle part of the jejunum was selected, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated with alcohol-xylene gradient, and embedded in conventional paraffin. A 3um cross-sectional slice was prepared, stained with HE, and observed under a microscope; the cytoplasm in the figure is pink and the nucleus is blue. Villus height, crypt depth, and the ratio of the two are important evaluation indicators for evaluating intestinal digestion and absorption function. Among them, the higher the villus height, the lower the crypt depth, and the higher the ratio of the two, the better the intestinal digestion and absorption function. In addition, the complete morphology of the villi and the clear cell structure indicate that the intestinal mucosal barrier is intact and the intestinal health is good.

[0096] Depend on Figure 1As shown in Table 5, when feeding the control feed 2, the raw grain residues had a certain wear on the intestinal villi and the villi height was low, indicating that the digestion and absorption capacity of the golden bears was affected to a certain extent; while when feeding the experimental feed 2, the villi morphology was intact, the villi height increased significantly, and the ratio of villi height to crypt depth increased significantly, indicating that the absorption function of the jejunum was enhanced and the intestinal health was improved.

[0097] Table 5 Changes in the morphology of the villi in the jejunum of golden bears during the growth period

[0098] Villus height, μm Crypt depth, μm Villus height / crypt depth Control feed 2 212.88±13.73a 49.27±3.08a 4.51±0.42a Test feed 2 338.34±17.18b 58.22±3.54a 6.02±0.38b

[0099] Note: The same lowercase superscripts indicate no significant difference among the groups, while different lowercase superscripts indicate significant difference among the groups (P<0.05).

[0100] 2.3.3 Analysis of intestinal flora

[0101] The golden bears were killed by dislocating the neck and then dissected aseptically to collect the colon contents. The composition of the colonic flora was analyzed using 16S high-throughput sequencing technology.

[0102] Depend on Figure 2 As shown in Table 6, when the golden bears were fed with experimental feed 2, the number of OUTs and Chao1 index observed in their colon contents were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the Shannon index also showed an upward trend, indicating that experimental feed 2 can improve the diversity of intestinal flora in golden bears and promote microecological balance.

[0103] Table 6 Diversity indicators of colon flora in the growth period of golden bears

[0104] Control feed 2 Test feed 2 P value (*: P<0.05) OUT quantity 1320.40±82.81 1517.20±87.73 0.02* Shannon Index 8.52±0.13 8.75±0.31 0.34 Simpson Index 0.99±0.01 0.99±0.01 0.86 Chao1 Index 1321.41±82.97 1518.28±86.73 0.02*

[0105] In terms of the relative abundance of intestinal flora, at the genus level, as shown in Table 7 and Figure 3 It can be seen that compared with the control feed 2, feeding the experimental feed 2 can significantly reduce the average abundance of fecal Escherichia coli-Shigella bacteria (P=0.04), and increase the relative abundance of fecal Akk bacteria (P=0.04) and Lactobacillus bacteria (P=0.03). The overall performance is that the abundance of beneficial bacteria increased and the abundance of harmful bacteria decreased.

[0106] Table 7 Relative abundance of colon flora of golden bears during growth period (genus level, %)

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] Example 3 - Adult golden bear test 1

[0110] 3.1 Experimental diet

[0111] The pet golden bear feed is a granular feed made by uniformly mixing specific feed raw materials with biological fermentation feed at a weight ratio of 96:4.

[0112] The feed raw materials are composed as follows: 38.9 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of oats, 11 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of alfalfa, 3 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of cooked flaxseed meal, 2 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of broken rice, 10 parts of peas, 0.7 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.4 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of premix. The parts are all calculated on a dry matter basis. The above feed raw materials are coarsely crushed and evenly mixed, and then evenly mixed with the biological fermentation feed at a weight ratio of 96:4 to prepare a granular feed.

[0113] Each 1 weight portion of the premix comprises: 0.2 parts of salt, 0.03 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1 parts of mineral premix, 0.3 parts of amino acid mixture (0.1 parts of methionine + 0.1 parts of lysine + 0.1 parts of threonine), 0.1 parts of choline, 0.025 parts of complex enzyme preparation, 0.08 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.05 parts of sweet orange extract, 0.02 parts of antioxidant, and is adjusted to 1 part with corn flour as a carrier.

[0114] The nutritional level of the pet golden bear feed includes: 16.3% crude protein, 4.2% crude fat and 6.1% crude fiber.

[0115] 3.2 Experimental animals

[0116] 16 adult golden bears aged 18 months were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, 8 in each group, respectively, a test group and a control group. The test group was fed with test feed 3 (special for adulthood in this embodiment), and the control feed 3 was Bukaxing 2023 version H1 golden bear staple food (raw food), which can be easily purchased. The test period was 30 days.

[0117] 3.3 Test results

[0118] 3.3.1 Intestinal villus morphology

[0119] After the chinchilla bears were killed by dislocating their necks, a 1 cm segment in the middle part of the jejunum was selected, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated with alcohol-xylene gradient, and embedded in conventional paraffin wax. 3 um cross-sectional sections were prepared, stained with HE, and observed under a microscope.

[0120] Depend on Figure 4 As shown in Table 8, when the control feed 3 was fed, the raw grain residues had a certain wear on the intestinal villi and the villi height was low, indicating that the digestion and absorption capacity of the golden bears was affected to a certain extent; while when the experimental feed 3 was fed, the villi morphology was intact, the villi height increased significantly, and the ratio of villi height to crypt depth increased significantly, indicating that the absorption function and health status of the jejunum were improved.

[0121] Table 8 Morphology of jejunal villi of adult golden bear

[0122] Villus height, μm Crypt depth, μm Villus height / crypt depth Control feed 3 175.62±6.34a 48.72±1.95a 3.66±0.19a Test feed 3 249.89±8.23b 47.71±1.85a 5.36±0.29b

[0123] Note: The same lowercase superscripts indicate no significant difference among the groups, while different lowercase superscripts indicate significant difference among the groups (P<0.05).

[0124] 3.1.2 Analysis of intestinal flora

[0125] The golden bears were killed by dislocating the neck and then dissected aseptically to collect the colon contents. The composition of the colonic flora was analyzed using 16S high-throughput sequencing technology.

[0126] Depend on Figure 5 As shown in Table 9, when the golden bears were fed with the experimental feed 3, the number of OUTs and Chao1 index observed in the colon contents were significantly higher than those in the control feed 3, indicating that the experimental feed 3 can improve the diversity of intestinal flora and promote the balance of microecology.

[0127] Table 9 Diversity indicators of colon flora in adult golden bears

[0128] Control feed 3 Test feed 3 P value (*: P<0.05) OUT quantity 1409.40±91.49 1529.20±123.90 0.03* Shannon Index 8.48±0.21 8.66±0.28 0.27 Simpson Index 0.99±0.01 0.99±0.01 0.95 Chao1 Index 1410.50±92.32 1529.82±124.01 0.04*

[0129] In terms of the relative abundance of fecal flora, at the genus level, as shown in Table 10 and Figure 6 It can be seen that compared with the control feed 3, feeding the experimental feed 3 can significantly reduce the average abundance of fecal Escherichia coli-Shigella bacteria (P=0.02), and increase the abundance of fecal Akk bacteria (P=0.01). The overall performance is that the abundance of beneficial bacteria increases and the abundance of harmful bacteria decreases.

[0130] Table 10 Relative abundance of colonic flora in adult golden bears (genus level, %)

[0131] Control feed 3 Test feed 3 P value (*: P<0.05) Escherichia coli-Shigella 4.03±1.51 1.83±0.86 0.02* Lactobacillus 0.35±0.01 0.38±0.01 0.13 Akkermansia 0.65±0.02 3.08±0.58 0.01*

[0132] 3.1.3 Assessment of liver and kidney function

[0133] The whole blood of golden bears was collected and centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 20 min. The supernatant was taken and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured. The test kit used in the test was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Research Institute and can be easily purchased by those familiar with the field.

[0134] As shown in Table 11, test feed 3 can improve the liver and kidney function of golden bears. ALT and AST are key indicators of animal liver function. This experiment found that the serum ALT and AST levels and blood glucose levels of golden bears fed test feed 3 were significantly lower than those of the control group, indicating that feeding test feed 3 is beneficial to the protection of liver function of golden bears.

[0135] Blood uric acid, creatinine and urea nitrogen are the main physiological indicators for evaluating kidney function. Generally speaking, golden bears generally suffer from kidney damage after entering the aging stage, which is manifested by increased levels of blood uric acid, creatinine and urea nitrogen; but after feeding the experimental feed for 3 days, the liver and kidney function indicators of golden bears were significantly reduced, indicating that the liver and kidney function of elderly golden bears has improved.

[0136] Table 11 Analysis of serum biochemical indexes of adult golden bears

[0137] index Control feed 3 Test feed 3 Alanine aminotransferase, U / L 120.53±13.45a 68.68±11.25b Aspartate aminotransferase, U / L 149.49±10.56a 75.95±8.21b Glucose,mmol / L 9.12±1.05a 7.44±0.85b Uric acid,umol / L 269.52±15.36a 148.05±12.24b Creatinine,umol / L 29.82±3.21a 23.05±3.25a Blood urea nitrogen, mg / dL 37.57±3.24a 22.22±2.98b

[0138] Note: The same lowercase letters indicate no significant difference, and different lowercase letters indicate significant difference.

[0139] 3.1.4 Coat density assessment

[0140] In adulthood, especially in old age, golden bears are prone to problems such as decreased hair density and reduced hair quality, which seriously affect the appearance of pet golden bears. For this reason, this experiment evaluated the hair density of adult golden bears. Generally speaking, the density of hair follicles reflects the density of hair, and the ratio of secondary hair follicles to primary hair follicles reflects the development of hair follicles. Furthermore, the experiment collected skin tissue from the back of the golden bear and evaluated the changes in the density of hair follicles in the golden bear's coat by HE staining. The specific method is: after slaughter, take the back skin, remove subcutaneous fat and connective tissue, flatten it and fix it in 4% paraformaldehyde, and after paraffin sectioning and HE staining, collect images under a microscope and analyze them. As shown in Table 12, the total hair follicle density, secondary hair follicle density and secondary to primary ratio of golden bears fed with experimental feed 3 increased significantly, indicating that experimental feed 3 significantly increased the density of back hair and was beneficial to hair growth and development.

[0141] Table 12 Analysis of coat density indexes of adult golden bears

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] Note: The same lowercase letters indicate no significant difference, and different lowercase letters indicate significant difference.

[0145] in conclusion:

[0146] 1) It can be seen from Examples 1 and 2 that the present invention can increase the growth rate of the growing pet golden bear and has the function of promoting growth and development.

[0147] 2) It can be seen from Examples 1, 2 and 3 that the present invention can improve the villi morphology of the jejunum of pet golden bears, regulate the diversity of the flora, promote the colonization of intestinal probiotics, reduce the proliferation of harmful bacteria, and has the function of improving intestinal health.

[0148] 3) As can be seen from Example 3, the present invention can improve the liver and kidney functions and back hair density of adult pet golden bears, and has the functions of protecting the liver and kidneys and beautifying the hair.

[0149] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the embodiments shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A multifunctional feed for pet golden bears, characterized in that: The multifunctional feed is a granular feed prepared by uniformly mixing the feed raw materials with the biological fermentation feed in a weight ratio of 96:

4. The feed raw materials include the following ingredients by weight: 37-42 parts of corn flour, 10-12 parts of oats, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 4-8 parts of alfalfa, 3-5 parts of chicken meal, 3-5 parts of cooked flaxseed meal, 0-2 parts of wheat bran, 7-12 parts of broken rice, 8-12 parts of peas, 0.6-0.9 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.3-0.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of premix, wherein the raw material parts are all calculated by dry matter weight; Each weight portion of the premix includes the following ingredients: 0.2-0.3 parts of salt, 0.03 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1 parts of mineral premix, 0.3-0.4 parts of amino acid mixture, 0.1 parts of choline, 0.025 parts of complex enzyme preparation, 0.02 parts of antioxidant, 0.04-0.08 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.05 parts of sweet orange extract, etc., and is adjusted to 1 weight portion with corn flour as a carrier.

2. The multifunctional feed for pet golden bears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multifunctional feed comprises 16.3-17.7% crude protein, 4.2-4.6% crude fat and 5.2-6.1% crude fiber.

3. The multifunctional feed for pet golden bears according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The vitamin premix of the premix includes vitamin D, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 , vitamin K3, vitamin A, vitamin E, biotin, folic acid and niacin.

4. The multifunctional feed for pet golden bears according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The mineral premix of the premix includes one or more of ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide and sodium selenite.

5. The multifunctional feed for pet golden bears according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The amino acid mixture of the premix includes one or more of lysine, methionine, threonine and cysteine.

6. The multifunctional feed for pet golden bears according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The composite enzyme preparation of the premix includes one or more of phytase, xylanase and mannanase.

7. The multifunctional feed for pet golden bears according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The antioxidant of the premix includes one or more of tea polyphenols, vitamin E and ethoxyquinine.

8. The multifunctional feed for pet golden bears according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the golden bear is in the growth period, that is, after being separated from the cage, it is about 4 months old, the multifunctional feed is prepared by uniformly mixing the specific feed raw materials with the biological fermentation feed in a weight ratio of 96:4 to obtain a granular feed; The feed raw materials in the multifunctional feed include, by weight: 37.6 parts of corn flour, 11 parts of oats, 11 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of alfalfa, 4 parts of chicken meal, 4 parts of cooked flaxseed meal, 7 parts of broken rice, 10 parts of peas, 0.9 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of premix; Each weight portion of the premix comprises: 0.3 parts of salt, 0.03 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1 parts of mineral premix, 0.3 parts of amino acid mixture, 0.1 parts of choline, 0.025 parts of complex enzyme preparation, 0.02 parts of antioxidant, 0.04 parts of astragalus polysaccharide and 0.05 parts of sweet orange extract, and is adjusted to 1 part with corn flour as a carrier; wherein the amino acid mixture is composed of methionine, lysine and threonine in a weight ratio of 1:1:1, and the complex enzyme preparation is prepared by uniformly mixing phytase, xylanase and mannanase in a weight ratio of 20:1:4; The nutritional level of the pet golden bear feed includes: 16.8% crude protein, 4.4% crude fat and 5.9% crude fiber.

9. The multifunctional feed for pet golden bears according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the golden bear is in the growth period, that is, after being separated from the cage, it is about 4 months old, the multifunctional feed is prepared by uniformly mixing the specific feed raw materials with the biological fermentation feed in a weight ratio of 96:4 to obtain a granular feed; The feed raw materials in the multifunctional feed include, by weight: 40.8 parts of corn flour, 11 parts of oats, 15 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of alfalfa, 4 parts of chicken meal, 4 parts of cooked flaxseed meal, 10 parts of broken rice, 8 parts of peas, 0.8 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.4 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of premix; Each weight portion of the premix comprises: 0.2 parts of salt, 0.03 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1 parts of mineral premix, 0.4 parts of amino acid mixture, 0.1 parts of choline, 0.025 parts of complex enzyme preparation, 0.04 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.05 parts of sweet orange extract, 0.02 parts of antioxidant, and adjusted to 1 weight portion with corn flour as a carrier; wherein the amino acid mixture is composed of methionine, lysine, threonine and cysteine ​​in a weight ratio of 2:3:2:1; the complex enzyme preparation is prepared by uniformly mixing phytase, xylanase and mannanase in a weight ratio of 20:1:4; The nutritional level of the pet golden bear feed includes: 17.7% crude protein, 4.6% crude fat and 5.2% crude fiber.

10. The multifunctional feed for pet golden bears according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the golden bear is in adulthood, that is, about 4 months old, the multifunctional feed is a granular feed prepared by uniformly mixing the specific feed raw materials with the biological fermentation feed in a weight ratio of 96:4; The feed raw materials in the multifunctional feed include, by weight: 38.9 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of oats, 11 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of alfalfa, 3 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of cooked flaxseed meal, 2 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of broken rice, 10 parts of peas, 0.7 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.4 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of premix; Each weight portion of the premix comprises: 0.2 parts of salt, 0.03 parts of vitamin premix, 0.1 parts of mineral premix, 0.3 parts of amino acid mixture, 0.1 parts of choline, 0.025 parts of complex enzyme preparation, 0.08 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.05 parts of sweet orange extract, 0.02 parts of antioxidant, and adjusted to 1 weight portion with corn flour as a carrier; wherein the amino acid mixture is composed of methionine, lysine, and threonine in a weight ratio of 1:1:1, and the complex enzyme preparation is uniformly mixed with phytase, xylanase, and mannanase in a weight ratio of 20:1:4; The nutritional level of the pet golden bear feed includes: 16.3% crude protein, 4.2% crude fat and 6.1% crude fiber.

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