Preparation method of soaking-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed

Abstract

The invention belongs to a preparation method of abalone feed, and particularly relates to a preparation method of soaking-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed, which comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing a chitosan-gelatin compound; 2, 10-20 parts by weight of fish meal, 20-35 parts by weight of wheat flour, 10-30 parts by weight of sargassum powder, 5-15 parts by weight of kelp powder and 1-5 parts by weight of the chitosan-gelatin compound prepared in the step 1 are fully stirred and mixed to be uniform, and the soaking-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed is obtained. The chitosan-gelatin compound prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention can be better used as an adhesive in the abalone feed prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention, so that the complete shape of the feed can be better preserved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of abalone feed preparation methods, and in particular relates to a method for preparing an immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed. Background Art

[0002] Abalone is a kind of seafood with high nutritional value. In the abalone farming industry chain, the cost of feed usually accounts for 40-60% of the total cost of farming, and the input cost is relatively high. Due to the increasingly deteriorating marine environment in recent years, abalone farming is also facing the problems of serious diseases and high mortality rate; in addition, due to the intensive problem of artificial farming, once the abalone seedlings are sick, they will die in large numbers, causing great economic losses to farmers. In order to improve the immunity of abalone and reduce the mortality rate, a certain amount of chemical antibiotics are usually added to abalone feed to resist diseases and ensure the normal growth of abalone. Traditional breeding feed is generally fed once a week to ten days, which saves time and effort, but because the feed is easy to spoil, in order to ensure the stability of abalone feed in water, the abalone feed formula contains additives such as adhesives, loosening agents and preservatives. If the additives are excessive, it will be detrimental to the digestion and absorption of abalone, and the spoilage of feed is easy to cause diseases.

[0003] Common diseases found in abalone include impetigo, shell cracking, bubble disease, ulcer, muscular atrophy, plate loss and sepsis, etc. These diseases are mainly caused by viruses, bacteria, parasitic prokaryotes, etc. The bacterial pathogens of large-scale outbreaks of abalone diseases are generally Gram-negative bacteria, especially Vibrio, including shark Vibrio, river Vibrio, alginolytic Vibrio, parahaemolytic Vibrio and harveyi Vibrio. Among them, "muscular atrophy" caused by Vibrio harveyi was discovered in recent years. This disease can infect abalone of different sizes and cause a large number of abalone deaths. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed to solve the defects pointed out in the background technology.

[0005] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing an immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: preparing chitosan-gelatin complex;

[0007] Step 2: 10-20 parts by weight of fish meal, 20-35 parts by weight of wheat flour, 10-30 parts by weight of Sargassum powder, 5-15 parts by weight of kelp powder and 1-5 parts by weight of the chitosan-gelatin complex prepared in step 1 are stirred and mixed to obtain the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed.

[0008] In one aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, 3-10 parts by weight of soybean meal, 1-5 parts by weight of yeast, 3-8 parts by weight of mussel powder and 0.1-0.2 parts by weight of complex vitamins are further added.

[0009] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the complex vitamins are at least two of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and vitamin K.

[0010] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, step 1 includes the following steps:

[0011] Step 1a: Add chitosan to water at 80°C-90°C, continue stirring, add gelatin, and continue stirring for 0.5-1.5h to obtain the product of step 1a;

[0012] Step 2a: lowering the temperature of the product obtained in step 1a, continuing stirring, and when the temperature of the product obtained in step 1a drops to 65°C-75°C, adding agar oligosaccharide and citric acid, keeping the temperature unchanged, and continuing stirring for 0.5-1.5h to obtain the product of step 2a;

[0013] Step 3a: lowering the temperature of the product obtained in step 2a, continuing stirring, and when the temperature of the product obtained in step 2a drops to 50°C-60°C, adding an antibacterial component, keeping the temperature unchanged, and continuing stirring for 10-30 minutes to obtain the product of step 3a;

[0014] Step 4a: lowering the temperature of the product obtained in step 3a to room temperature, and then defoaming the product of step 3a to obtain the product of step 4a;

[0015] Step 5a: freezing and then thawing the product of step 4a to obtain a crude chitosan-gelatin complex.

[0016] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in step 1a, the mass ratio of chitosan to gelatin is 1:(0.2-0.6). Specifically, the mass ratio of chitosan to gelatin is 1:0.2, 1:0.25, 1:0.3, 1:0.35, 1:0.4, 1:0.45, 1:0.5, 1:0.55 or 1:0.6.

[0017] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, preferably, in step 1a, the mass ratio of chitosan to gelatin is 1:(0.4-0.5).

[0018] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in step 2a, the mass ratio of chitosan, agar oligosaccharide and citric acid is 1:(0.15-0.25):(0.05-0.1).

[0019] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, preferably, in step 2a, the mass ratio of chitosan, agar oligosaccharide and citric acid is 1:(0.18-0.22):(0.05-0.07).

[0020] In one aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, step 1 further includes:

[0021] Step 6a: drying and crushing the crude chitosan-gelatin complex, and then passing it through a 40-50 mesh sieve to obtain the chitosan-gelatin complex.

[0022] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the antibacterial component is at least one of terpenoid compounds, tannin compounds and flavonoid compounds.

[0023] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the antibacterial component is any one of a terpenoid compound, a tannin compound or a flavonoid compound.

[0024] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the terpenoid compound is linalool, carvacrol or thymol.

[0025] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the flavonoid compound is quercetin, naringenin, hesperidin, kaempferol or rutin.

[0026] In one aspect of the present invention, the flavonoids are one or more plant extracts, specifically, the plant extracts are ginkgo leaf flavonoids extract, guava leaf flavonoids extract or eucommia leaf flavonoids extract.

[0027] In one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the flavonoid compound is a combination of one of quercetin, naringenin, hesperidin, kaempferol or rutin and a plant extract; wherein the plant extract is ginkgo leaf flavonoid extract, guava leaf flavonoid extract or eucommia leaf flavonoid extract.

[0028] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the antibacterial ingredient is one of linalool, carvacrol, thymol, quercetin, naringenin, hesperidin, kaempferol or rutin.

[0029] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the tannin compound is a chestnut bract tannin extract, a persimmon tannin extract or a mango tannin extract.

[0030] In one aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, in step 3a, the mass ratio of chitosan to the antibacterial component is 1:(0.04-0.08).

[0031] In one aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, in step 4a, the defoaming process is: putting the product of step 3a and the instrument containing the product of step 3a into an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic cleaning to remove the foam in the solution.

[0032] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in step 5a, the freeze-thaw process is freezing at -50°C to -60°C for 3-5h, then thawing at room temperature, and repeating 2-4 times to obtain a gel-like complex.

[0033] In one aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, in step 5a, the crude chitosan-gelatin complex is dried at 55° C.-65° C. to obtain a complex having a cross-linked network structure.

[0034] In the present invention, the functions of agar oligosaccharide and citric acid are to stabilize the reaction system and form pores.

[0035] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, an immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed is provided, wherein the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed is prepared by the aforementioned immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed preparation method.

[0036] In one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed comprises 1-5 parts by weight of chitosan-gelatin complex, 10-20 parts by weight of fish meal, 20-35 parts by weight of wheat flour, 10-30 parts by weight of Sargassum powder, 5-15 parts by weight of kelp powder, 3-10 parts by weight of soybean meal, 1-5 parts by weight of yeast, 3-8 parts by weight of mussel powder and 0.1-0.2 parts by weight of complex vitamins.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] (1) The chitosan-gelatin complex prepared by the present invention can well act as a binder in the abalone feed prepared by the present invention, thereby being able to better preserve the integrity of the feed shape.

[0039] (2) The chitosan-gelatin composite prepared by the present invention can load the antibacterial components well. The antibacterial components are encapsulated in the chitosan-gelatin system and can still play a good role in inhibiting Vibrio after being immersed in seawater.

[0040] (3) The present invention also provides a series of compounds that can be used in abalone feed to inhibit Vibrio, and reveals whether the compounds have a negative effect on the growth of abalone.

[0041] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a SEM image of the crude chitosan-gelatin composite prepared in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The relevant embodiments described herein are illustrative and are used to provide a basic understanding of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention should not be interpreted as limiting the present invention.

[0045] For simplicity, only some numerical ranges are specifically disclosed herein. However, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form an unspecified range; and any lower limit can be combined with other lower limits to form an unspecified range, and any upper limit can be combined with any other upper limit to form an unspecified range. In addition, each separately disclosed point or single value can itself be combined as a lower limit or upper limit with any other point or single value or with other lower limits or upper limits to form an unspecified range.

[0046] In this article, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of more restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device that includes the element.

[0047] In the description herein, unless otherwise specified, “above” and “below” include the number.

[0048] Unless otherwise specified, the terms used in the present invention have the commonly known meanings generally understood by those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the numerical values ​​of the various parameters mentioned in the present invention can be measured using various measurement methods commonly used in the art (for example, they can be tested according to the methods given in the embodiments of the present invention).

[0049] The term "about" is used to describe and illustrate small changes. When used in conjunction with an event or situation, the term may refer to an example in which the event or situation occurs precisely and an example in which the event or situation occurs very approximately. For example, when used in conjunction with a numerical value, the term may refer to a range of variation of less than or equal to ±10% of the numerical value, such as less than or equal to ±5%, less than or equal to ±4%, less than or equal to ±3%, less than or equal to ±2%, less than or equal to ±1%, less than or equal to ±0.5%, less than or equal to ±0.1%, or less than or equal to ±0.05%. In addition, amounts, ratios, and other numerical values ​​are sometimes presented in this article in a range format. It should be understood that such a range format is for convenience and simplicity, and should be flexibly understood to include not only numerical values ​​explicitly designated as range limits, but also all individual numerical values ​​or subranges encompassed within the range, as if each numerical value and subrange were explicitly designated.

[0050] A list of items connected by the terms "at least one of," "at least one of," or other similar terms may mean any combination of the listed items. For example, if items A and B are listed, the phrase "at least one of A and B" means only A; only B; or A and B. In another example, if items A, B, and C are listed, the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" means only A; or only B; only C; A and B (excluding C); A and C (excluding B); B and C (excluding A); or all of A, B, and C. Item A may contain a single component or multiple components. Item B may contain a single component or multiple components. Item C may contain a single component or multiple components.

[0051] In the present invention, the preparation method of ginkgo leaf flavonoids extract is as follows, but not limited to this: take dried ginkgo leaves, grind them and pass them through a 80-120 mesh sieve, use a methanol-25% hydrochloric acid mixed solution (4:1) for hydrolysis, heat and reflux at 75°C-85°C for 30-45 minutes and then cool to obtain a hydrolyzate, transfer the hydrolyzate to an ultrafiltration membrane for filtration, and then freeze-dry to obtain the ginkgo leaf flavonoids extract.

[0052] In the present invention, the guava leaf flavonoids extract uses guava leaves as raw materials. For the guava in the guava tree plant of the Myrtaceae family, its dry leaves and young branches with leaves are guava leaves. The preparation method of the guava leaf flavonoids extract is as follows, but not limited to this: the guava leaves are dried at 45°C-60°C until the weight remains unchanged, and then crushed and passed through a 40-60 mesh sieve to obtain guava leaf powder; the guava leaf powder is added to 70% ethanol (solid-liquid ratio 1:20), soaked for 5-25 minutes, and extracted by ultrasonic method at a temperature of 45°C-55°C, a power of 100-200w, and a frequency of 80-120kHz for 30-60 minutes. After the extraction is completed, it is cooled to room temperature, filtered through an ultrafiltration membrane, and then freeze-dried to obtain the guava leaf flavonoids extract.

[0053] In the present invention, the eucommia leaf flavonoids extract uses eucommia leaves as raw materials, and eucommia (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) is a perennial deciduous tree of the genus Eucommia in the family Eucommia. The preparation method of the eucommia leaf flavonoids extract is as follows, but not limited thereto: take the eucommia leaf dry product, grind it through an 80-100 mesh sieve to obtain eucommia leaf powder, add the eucommia leaf powder to water (solid-liquid ratio 1:60), soak for 20-35 minutes, extract by ultrasonic method at a temperature of 50°C-60°C, a power of 700-800w, and a frequency of 80-120kHz, for 5-10 minutes, cool to room temperature after the extraction is completed, filter through an ultrafiltration membrane, and then freeze-dry to obtain the eucommia leaf flavonoids extract.

[0054] Embodiment 1

[0055] The following steps are involved:

[0056] A. Preparation of Chitosan-Gelatin Complex:

[0057] Add 5g of chitosan to 85°C water, keep stirring (200r / min), add 2g of gelatin, continue stirring for 1h, then lower the temperature of the reactant to 70°C, add 1g of agar oligosaccharide and 0.25g of citric acid, keep the temperature constant, continue stirring for 75min, lower the temperature of the reactant to room temperature, put the reactant into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonication to remove the foam in the solution, then freeze the reactant at -60°C for 4h, and then thaw at room temperature, repeat 3 times to obtain a gel-like complex. The gel-like complex is dried at 60°C and crushed, then passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a chitosan-gelatin complex. The SEM image of the gel-like complex prepared in Example 1 is shown in FIG. Figure 1 shown.

[0058] B. Preparation of abalone feed:

[0059] Weigh 3 parts by weight of the chitosan-gelatin complex prepared above, stir and evenly mix with 15 parts by weight of fish meal, 30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 25 parts by weight of Sargassum powder, 12 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5 parts by weight of soybean meal, 2 parts by weight of yeast, 7 parts by weight of mussel powder, 0.075 parts by weight of vitamin B2 and 0.075 parts by weight of vitamin B12, and then obtain the abalone feed of Example 1 after modulation, tableting, ripening and drying.

[0060] Embodiment 2

[0061] The steps of Example 2 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the mass of gelatin added is 1 g.

[0062] Embodiment 3

[0063] The steps of Example 3 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the mass of gelatin added is 0.5 g.

[0064] Embodiment 4

[0065] The steps of Example 4 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the mass of gelatin added is 2.5 g.

[0066] Embodiment 5

[0067] The steps of Example 5 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the mass of gelatin added is 4 g.

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] The following steps are involved:

[0070] 2 parts by weight of chitosan, 1 part by weight of gelatin, 15 parts by weight of fish meal, 30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 25 parts by weight of Sargassum powder, 12 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5 parts by weight of soybean meal, 2 parts by weight of yeast, 7 parts by weight of mussel powder, 0.075 parts by weight of vitamin B2 and 0.075 parts by weight of vitamin B12 are weighed, stirred and mixed, and then modulated, tableted, matured and dried to obtain the abalone feed of Comparative Example 1.

[0071] Soak test:

[0072] At room temperature, Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 were immersed in seawater, and the shape changes of the feeds at different immersion times were observed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0073] Table 1

[0074] Example 24h 72h 144h Embodiment 1 The shape is basically unchanged The shape remains basically unchanged The shape remains basically unchanged Embodiment 2 The shape is basically unchanged The shape remains basically unchanged Slight cracking Embodiment 3 The shape is basically unchanged Slight cracking Obvious cracking Embodiment 4 The shape is basically unchanged The shape remains basically unchanged The shape is basically unchanged Embodiment 5 The shape is basically unchanged There is obvious softening Unable to maintain original shape Comparative Example 1 Obvious cracking Unable to maintain original shape Complete disintegration

[0075] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the chitosan-gelatin composite prepared by the present invention can act as a binder in abalone feed, and can well preserve the integrity of the feed shape, without obvious softening or cracking. By comparing Examples 1 and 4 with Examples 2 and 3, it can be found that too little gelatin can cause the feed to crack after being soaked in seawater; by comparing Examples 1 and 4 with Example 5, it can be found that too much gelatin can cause the feed to crack after being soaked in seawater.

[0076] Embodiment 6

[0077] The following steps are involved:

[0078] A. Preparation of Chitosan-Gelatin Complex:

[0079] Add 5g chitosan to 85℃ water, keep stirring (200r / min), add 2g gelatin, continue stirring for 1h, then lower the temperature of the reactant to 70℃, add 1g agar oligosaccharide and 0.25g citric acid, keep the temperature unchanged, and continue stirring for 75min;

[0080] After lowering the temperature of the reactants to 55°C, stirring was continued, 0.25 g of carvacrol was added, the temperature was kept constant, and stirring was continued for 25 min;

[0081] Then, after lowering the temperature of the reactant to room temperature, the reactant was placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonication to remove the foam in the solution, and then the reactant was frozen at -60°C for 4 hours, and then thawed at room temperature, and repeated 3 times to obtain a gel-like composite. The gel-like composite was dried at 60°C and crushed, and then passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a chitosan-gelatin composite.

[0082] B. Preparation of abalone feed:

[0083] Weigh 3 parts by weight of the chitosan-gelatin complex prepared above, mix it with 15 parts by weight of fish meal, 30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 25 parts by weight of Sargassum powder, 12 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5 parts by weight of soybean meal, 2 parts by weight of yeast, 7 parts by weight of mussel powder, 0.075 parts by weight of vitamin B2 and 0.075 parts by weight of vitamin B12, stir well and mix, and then obtain the abalone feed of Example 6 after modulation, tableting, ripening and drying.

[0084] Embodiment 7

[0085] The following steps are involved:

[0086] A. Preparation of Chitosan-Gelatin Complex:

[0087] Add 5g chitosan to 85℃ water, keep stirring (200r / min), add 2g gelatin, continue stirring for 1h, then lower the temperature of the reactant to 70℃, add 1g agar oligosaccharide and 0.25g citric acid, keep the temperature unchanged, and continue stirring for 75min;

[0088] After lowering the temperature of the reactants to 55°C, stirring was continued, 0.25 g of thymol was added, the temperature was kept constant, and stirring was continued for 25 min;

[0089] Then, after lowering the temperature of the reactant to room temperature, the reactant was placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonication to remove the foam in the solution, and then the reactant was frozen at -60°C for 4 hours, and then thawed at room temperature, and repeated 3 times to obtain a gel-like composite. The gel-like composite was dried at 60°C and crushed, and then passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a chitosan-gelatin composite.

[0090] B. Preparation of abalone feed:

[0091] Weigh 3 parts by weight of the chitosan-gelatin complex prepared above, stir and mix with 15 parts by weight of fish meal, 30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 25 parts by weight of Sargassum powder, 12 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5 parts by weight of soybean meal, 2 parts by weight of yeast, 7 parts by weight of mussel powder, 0.075 parts by weight of vitamin B2 and 0.075 parts by weight of vitamin B12, and then obtain the abalone feed of Example 7 after modulation, tableting, ripening and drying.

[0092] Embodiment 8

[0093] The steps of Example 8 are substantially the same as those of Example 6, except that the antibacterial component added is linalool.

[0094] Embodiment 9

[0095] The steps of Example 9 are substantially the same as those of Example 6, except that the antibacterial component added is curcumin.

[0096] Embodiment 10

[0097] The steps of Example 10 are substantially the same as those of Example 6, except that the antibacterial component added is quercetin.

[0098] Embodiment 11

[0099] The steps of Example 11 are basically the same as those of Example 6, except that the antibacterial ingredient added is naringenin.

[0100] Embodiment 12

[0101] The steps of Example 12 are substantially the same as those of Example 6, except that the antibacterial component added is hesperidin.

[0102] Embodiment 13

[0103] The steps of Example 13 are substantially the same as those of Example 6, except that the antibacterial ingredient added is kaempferol.

[0104] Embodiment 14

[0105] The steps of Example 14 are substantially the same as those of Example 6, except that the antibacterial component added is rutin.

[0106] Comparative Example 2

[0107] The steps of Comparative Example 2 are substantially the same as those of Example 6, except that no antibacterial component is added.

[0108] Comparative Example 3

[0109] The following steps are involved:

[0110] A. Preparation of Chitosan-Gelatin Mixture:

[0111] Add 5g chitosan to 85℃ water, keep stirring (200r / min), add 2g gelatin, continue stirring for 1h, then lower the temperature of the reactant to 55℃, keep stirring, add 0.25g hesperidin, keep the temperature unchanged, and continue stirring for 25min;

[0112] The temperature was then lowered to room temperature, followed by direct freeze drying to obtain a solid, and the solid of Comparative Example 3 was then sieved through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a chitosan-gelatin mixture.

[0113] B. Preparation of abalone feed:

[0114] Weigh 3 parts by weight of the chitosan-gelatin mixture prepared above, stir well with 15 parts by weight of fish meal, 30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 25 parts by weight of Sargassum powder, 12 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5 parts by weight of soybean meal, 2 parts by weight of yeast, 7 parts by weight of mussel powder, 0.075 parts by weight of vitamin B2 and 0.075 parts by weight of vitamin B12, and then obtain the abalone feed of Comparative Example 3 after modulation, tableting, ripening and drying.

[0115] Vibrio harveyi antibacterial performance test:

[0116] The Vibrio harveyi used in the experiment was isolated from the pathological tissues (foot muscle, gill, intestine, hepatopancreas) of dying green disc abalone in a marine aquaculture farm and stored at -80°C.

[0117] The pure culture of the test strain was transferred to 2216E medium, cultured overnight at 25°C, and the activated bacterial solution was diluted to 1.0×10 8 cfu / mL, stored at 4°C for future use.

[0118] Take 10g of each sample of Examples 6 to 14 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3, and divide them into two parts of equal mass. One part is crushed and dried until the weight remains unchanged for later use; the other part is soaked in seawater for 3 days, washed and dried until the weight remains unchanged for later use.

[0119] The agar diffusion inhibition zone method was used to determine the in vitro inhibitory effect of different inhibitors on TCBS-G. 150 μL of activated TCBS-G was evenly coated on a 2216E plate, and then 4 sterile Oxford cups were placed (placed in a cross diameter to ensure that the distance between each well was not less than 2 cm), and 50 mg of the samples of Examples 6 to 14 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 that were not soaked and soaked and dried were added to each well, and cultured at 25 ° C for 24 hours, and the inhibition zone was measured using a vernier caliper; each well was measured 3 times in different directions, and the average value was taken. The diameter of the inhibition zone ≥ 20 mm is strong, indicated by "+++"; the diameter of the inhibition zone > 10-20 mm is medium, indicated by "++"; the diameter of the inhibition zone is > 3-10 mm, which is weak, indicated by "+"; the diameter of the inhibition zone ≤ 3 mm has no antibacterial effect, indicated by "-". The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0120] Table 2

[0121] Example Antibacterial ingredients Inhibition zone (mm) Sensitivity Example 6 (not soaked) Carvacrol 13 ++ Example 6 (immersion) Carvacrol 7 + Embodiment 7 (not soaked) Thymol 21 +++ Embodiment 7 (immersion) Thymol 11 ++ Embodiment 8 (not soaked) Linalool 7 + Embodiment 8 (immersion) Linalool 2 - Embodiment 9 (not soaked) Curcumin 6 + Embodiment 9 (immersion) Curcumin 2 - Embodiment 10 (not soaked) Quercetin 24 +++ Embodiment 10 (immersion) Quercetin 20 +++ Example 11 (not soaked) Naringenin 22 +++ Embodiment 11 (immersion) Naringenin 17 ++ Embodiment 12 (not soaked) Hesperidin 20 +++ Embodiment 12 (immersion) Hesperidin 15 ++ Example 13 (not soaked) Kaempferol 25 +++ Embodiment 13 (immersion) Kaempferol 21 +++ Example 14 (not soaked) Rutin 12 ++ Example 14 (Soaking) Rutin 4 + Comparative Example 2 (Not Soaked) - 1 - Comparative Example 2 (immersion) - 1 - Comparative Example 3 (Not Soaked) Hesperidin 15 ++ Comparative Example 3 (Immersion) Hesperidin 3 -

[0122] From the data in Table 2, it can be seen that the antibacterial compounds used in Examples 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13 have good performance in inhibiting Vibrio harveyi; by comparing the performance of the samples of Examples 6 to 14 and Comparative Example 3 before and after soaking in Vibrio, it can be seen that the chitosan-gelatin composite prepared by the present invention can load the antibacterial components well, and the antibacterial components are encapsulated in the chitosan-gelatin system, and can still play a good role in inhibiting Vibrio after being soaked in seawater; while the antibacterial performance of the unsoaked sample of Comparative Example 3 in which chitosan, gelatin and the antibacterial components are simply blended is not as good as that of Example 12 in which the chitosan-gelatin composite with a cross-linked network structure is formed, and the sample after soaking cannot maintain the original morphology, and cannot encapsulate the loaded antibacterial compound, thereby losing the antibacterial performance.

[0123] Feed feeding test:

[0124] The abalone feeds of Examples 6 to 14 and Comparative Example 2 were used for abalone offshore caisson feeding and breeding experiments, and the experimental data are shown in Table 3.

[0125] Table 3

[0126]

[0127] From Table 2, it can be seen that the antibacterial compounds used in Examples 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13 have good performance in inhibiting Vibrio harveyi; however, the feed feeding test shows that the introduction of the antibacterial compounds corresponding to Examples 7 and 10 is not conducive to the growth of abalone itself.

[0128] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the disclosure disclosed herein. The present invention is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present invention that follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or customary technical means in the art that are not disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: preparing chitosan-gelatin complex; Step 2: 10-20 parts by weight of fish meal, 20-35 parts by weight of wheat flour, 10-30 parts by weight of Sargassum powder, 5-15 parts by weight of kelp powder and 1-5 parts by weight of the chitosan-gelatin complex prepared in step 1 are stirred and mixed to obtain the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed.

2. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 1, wherein In step 2, 3-10 parts by weight of soybean meal, 1-5 parts by weight of yeast, 3-8 parts by weight of mussel powder and 0.1-0.2 parts by weight of complex vitamins are also added.

3. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The complex vitamins are at least two of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and vitamin K.

4. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1 includes the following steps: Step 1a: Add chitosan to water at 80°C-90°C, continue stirring, add gelatin, and continue stirring for 0.5-1.5h to obtain the product of step 1a; Step 2a: lowering the temperature of the product obtained in step 1a, continuing stirring, and when the temperature of the product obtained in step 1a drops to 65°C-75°C, adding agar oligosaccharide and citric acid, keeping the temperature unchanged, and continuing stirring for 0.5-1.5h to obtain the product of step 2a; Step 3a: lowering the temperature of the product obtained in step 2a, continuing stirring, and when the temperature of the product obtained in step 2a drops to 50°C-60°C, adding an antibacterial component, keeping the temperature unchanged, and continuing stirring for 10-30 minutes to obtain the product of step 3a; Step 4a: lowering the temperature of the product obtained in step 3a to room temperature, and then defoaming the product of step 3a to obtain the product of step 4a; Step 5a: freezing and then thawing the product of step 4a to obtain a crude chitosan-gelatin complex.

5. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step 1 also includes: Step 6a: drying and crushing the crude chitosan-gelatin complex, and then passing it through a 40-50 mesh sieve to obtain the chitosan-gelatin complex.

6. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The antibacterial component is at least one of terpenoid compounds, tannin compounds and flavonoid compounds.

7. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 6, characterized in that, The terpenoid compound is linalool, carvacrol or thymol.

8. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flavonoid compound is quercetin, naringenin, hesperidin, kaempferol or rutin.

9. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flavonoids are one or more plant extracts.

10. A soaking-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed, characterized in that: The immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed is prepared by the preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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