A detection method, system, device and storage medium for a shaft

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of detection methods for shaft parts, and discloses a detection method, system, device and storage medium for a shaft. The method includes obtaining the coordinates of the measured points on the end face of the shaft to be measured and the coordinates of the reference points on the end face of the shaft to be measured; calculating the runout value of the shaft to be measured according to the coordinates of the measured points and the coordinates of the reference points; calculating the coordinates of the measurement site by the derivative method according to the coordinates of the reference points; obtaining the corrected measurement site coordinates through a coordinate verification model according to the coordinates of the measurement site; calculating the coaxial error value of the shaft to be measured according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value; making a judgment according to the coaxial error value. If the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value, it is determined that the shaft is qualified. This method provides a systematic coordinate verification method. By setting clear verification steps, complex calculations and multiple repeated measurements are avoided, and the efficiency of the detection work is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of detection methods for shaft parts, and particularly to a detection method, system, device and storage medium for a shaft. Background Art

[0002] With the gradual maturity of the application of numerical control technology, advanced manufacturing systems represented by numerically controlled machine tools have become an effective way to improve the quality, efficiency and reduce costs in the manufacturing industry. Especially in the processing of complex surface parts such as shafts, revolving bodies and discs, they show great superiority. Numerically controlled machine tools, with their characteristics of high automation and precise control, occupy an important position in modern manufacturing. It not only greatly improves production efficiency, reduces human errors, but also can achieve precise processing of parts with complex geometric shapes. These characteristics make numerically controlled machine tools the preferred processing equipment in many fields such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, and precision instruments. In traditional manufacturing processes, manually operating machine tools is not only time-consuming but also prone to errors. Numerically controlled machine tools automatically execute processing tasks through pre-programmed instructions, greatly reducing the work intensity of operators and significantly increasing production speed and product consistency. Especially in the processing of shaft parts (such as engine spindles, transmission shafts, etc.), revolving body parts (such as gears, turbine blades, etc.) and disc parts (such as flywheels, brake discs, etc.), the advantages of numerically controlled machine tools are particularly obvious. These parts often have high precision requirements and complex geometric structures, and traditional processing means are difficult to meet the requirements of modern industry.

[0003] When turning parts, the commonly used detection method is coordinate measuring machine detection. This method has no contact with the measured part, has a very high measurement accuracy, can reflect the overall error of the part, and is currently the most common detection means. However, this method has low measurement efficiency and cannot perform on-line detection. In addition, for components with circular symmetry or a rotational axis, this method needs to detect different cross-sections, and the measurement process is cumbersome and the detection efficiency is not high. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a detection method, device, electronic device and storage medium for a shaft, so as to achieve avoiding complex calculations and multiple repeated measurements by setting clear checking steps and improving the efficiency of detection work.

[0005] In a first aspect, to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a detection method for a shaft, including:

[0006] Obtaining the coordinates of the measured points on the end face of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference points on the end face of the measured shaft;

[0007] Calculating the runout value of the measured shaft according to the coordinates of the measured points and the coordinates of the reference points;

[0008] Based on the coordinates of the reference point, calculate through the derivative method to obtain the coordinates of the measurement site;

[0009] Based on the coordinates of the measurement site, obtain the corrected measurement site coordinates through the coordinate verification model;

[0010] Based on the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value, calculate the coaxial error value of the measured shaft;

[0011] Make a judgment based on the coaxial error value. If the coaxial error value is less than the preset error reference value, it is determined that the shaft is qualified.

[0012] Preferably, the obtaining the coordinates of the measured points and the coordinates of the reference points on the end face of the measured shaft includes:

[0013] Obtain the coordinates of the first measured point and the second measured point on the end face of the measured shaft;

[0014] Obtain the coordinates of the third measured point outside the line connecting the coordinates of the first measured point and the second measured point; wherein, the coordinates of the measured points include the coordinates of the first measured point, the coordinates of the second measured point, and the coordinates of the third measured point;

[0015] Obtain the coordinates of the intersection point of the center line of the measured shaft and the end face as the coordinates of the reference point.

[0016] In an alternative embodiment, the calculating the runout value of the measured shaft based on the coordinates of the measured points and the coordinates of the reference points includes:

[0017] Based on the coordinates of the measured points and the coordinates of the reference points, calculate the deviation distance according to the distance formula and form a deviation distance set with the deviation distances ;

[0018] Select the maximum deviation distance from the deviation distance set as the runout value of the measured shaft;

[0019] wherein is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the first measured point, is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the second measured point, is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the third measured point.

[0020] In an alternative embodiment, the calculating through the derivative method based on the coordinates of the reference point to obtain the coordinates of the measurement site includes:

[0021] Calculate the circumferential surface equation based on the coordinates of the reference point:

[0022]

[0023] wherein are the coordinates of the reference point,R is the radius of the axis to be measured obtained in advance, is a preset parameter;

[0024] Calculate according to the minimized error function:

[0025]

[0026]

[0027]

[0028] Obtain the coordinates of the measurement site:

[0029]

[0030] wherein, are the coordinates of the measurement site, is the minimized error function, are the coordinates of the point to be measured, n is the number of points to be measured.

[0031] In an optional implementation manner, obtaining the corrected measurement site coordinates according to the measurement site coordinates through a coordinate verification model includes:

[0032] Taking the coordinates of the measurement site as the first measurement site coordinates;

[0033] Taking the distance between the first measurement site coordinates and the coordinates of the first measured point as the first distance;

[0034] Taking the first distance as the radius to form a measurement reference circle;

[0035] Moving the first measurement site coordinates towards the measurement reference circle to obtain the second measurement site coordinates;

[0036] Calculating the distance between the second measurement site coordinates and the coordinates of the first measured point, denoted as the second distance;

[0037] If the second distance is less than the first distance, then taking the second measurement site coordinates as the corrected measurement site coordinates.

[0038] In an optional implementation manner, calculating the coaxial error value of the axis to be measured according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value includes:

[0039] Calculating the coaxial error value through the following formula:

[0040]

[0041] wherein, is the runout value,i To correct the measurement point number, j is the measured point number, is i the included angle between the corrected measurement point No. j and the measured point No.

[0042]

[0043] Among them, is j the coordinate of the measured point No. is i the coordinate of the corrected measurement point No.

[0044] In an optional implementation manner, the moving the first measurement point coordinate to the measurement reference circle to obtain the second measurement point coordinate includes:

[0045] The coordinate of the center of the measurement reference circle is the reference point coordinate;

[0046] Calculate the unit vector from the first measurement point coordinate to the reference point coordinate;

[0047] According to the unit vector, move the first measurement point coordinate to the measurement reference circle;

[0048] The second measurement point coordinate is located on the measurement reference circle.

[0049] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a shaft detection system, including:

[0050] A data acquisition module for acquiring the coordinates of the measured points on the end face of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference points on the end face of the measured shaft;

[0051] A runout value module for calculating the runout value of the measured shaft according to the coordinates of the measured points and the coordinates of the reference points;

[0052] A measurement point module for obtaining the measurement point coordinates by derivative calculation according to the reference point coordinates;

[0053] A coordinate verification module for obtaining the corrected measurement point coordinates through a coordinate verification model according to the measurement point coordinates;

[0054] A coaxial error module for calculating the coaxial error value of the measured shaft according to the corrected measurement point coordinates and the runout value;

[0055] A qualified judgment module for judging that the shaft is qualified if the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value according to the coaxial error value.

[0056] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the detection method of the axis described in any one of the above is implemented.

[0057] In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program. When the computer program runs, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to execute the detection method of the axis described in any one of the above.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention discloses a detection method of an axis. The method includes obtaining the coordinates of the measured points on the end face of the axis to be measured and the coordinates of the reference points on the end face of the axis to be measured; calculating the runout value of the axis to be measured according to the coordinates of the measured points and the coordinates of the reference points; calculating the coordinates of the measurement site by the derivative method according to the coordinates of the reference points; obtaining the corrected measurement site coordinates through a coordinate verification model according to the coordinates of the measurement site; calculating the coaxial error value of the axis to be measured according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value; making a judgment according to the coaxial error value. If the coaxial error value is less than the preset error reference value, it is determined that the axis is qualified. This method provides a systematic coordinate verification method. By setting clear verification steps, it avoids complex calculations and multiple repeated measurements, not only improving the measurement accuracy and consistency, but also simplifying the detection process and enhancing the work efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0059] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a detection method of an axis provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection system of an axis provided by the second embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0061] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] With the gradual maturity of the application of numerical control technology, advanced manufacturing systems represented by numerically controlled machine tools have become an effective way to improve the quality, efficiency and reduce costs in the manufacturing industry, especially showing great superiority in processing complex surface parts such as shaft parts, rotary parts and disc parts. Numerically controlled machine tools, with their characteristics of high automation and precise control, occupy an important position in modern manufacturing. It not only greatly improves production efficiency, reduces human errors, but also can achieve precise processing of parts with complex geometric shapes. These characteristics make numerically controlled machine tools the preferred processing equipment in many fields such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and precision instruments. In traditional manufacturing processes, manually operating machine tools is not only time-consuming but also prone to errors. Numerically controlled machine tools automatically execute processing tasks through pre-programmed instructions, greatly reducing the work intensity of operators and significantly increasing production speed and product consistency. Especially in the processing of shaft parts (such as engine spindles, transmission shafts, etc.), rotary parts (such as gears, turbine blades, etc.) and disc parts (such as flywheels, brake discs, etc.), the advantages of numerically controlled machine tools are particularly obvious. These parts often have high precision requirements and complex geometric structures, and traditional processing methods are difficult to meet the requirements of modern industry. One of the commonly used detection methods for turning parts is coordinate measuring machine detection. This method has no contact with the measured parts, has a very high measurement accuracy, can reflect the overall error of the parts, and is currently the most common detection means. However, although coordinate measuring machine detection has the advantage of high precision, it also has some limitations. For example, the measurement efficiency is relatively low and online detection cannot be carried out. This means that in the actual production process, parts need to be removed from the production line for separate detection, thus increasing the production cycle. In addition, for components with circular symmetry or a rotary axis, coordinate measuring machine detection needs to be carried out in different cross-sections, and the measurement process is relatively cumbersome, and the detection efficiency is not high, which to a certain extent limits its application in mass production and rapid detection.

[0063] When machining parts by turning, one of the commonly used detection methods is to use a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) for detection. This method measures the part to be measured with high precision in a non-contact manner, and can comprehensively reflect the overall error of the part, so it has become the most common detection means at present. The coordinate measuring machine uses a probe or sensor to accurately obtain the coordinate data of the part surface in three-dimensional space, so as to generate detailed geometric shape information. However, although the coordinate measuring machine has high measurement accuracy, it also has some limitations. First of all, the measurement efficiency of this method is relatively low and it cannot achieve real-time on-line detection, which becomes a bottleneck in some production environments that require quick feedback. In addition, for components with circular symmetry or a rotation axis, the coordinate measuring machine needs to perform multiple detections on different cross-sections to ensure that the data of each part can be accurately recorded. Such a process is not only cumbersome but also further reduces the detection efficiency. Therefore, in practical applications, although the coordinate measuring machine is favored because of its high precision, in production environments that pursue high efficiency and real-time performance, other detection methods still need to be combined to make up for its deficiencies.

[0064] Referring to Figure 1 , the first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting a shaft, including the following steps:

[0065] S11, obtaining the coordinates of the measured points on the end face of the shaft to be measured and the coordinates of the reference points on the end face of the shaft to be measured;

[0066] S12, calculating the runout value of the shaft to be measured according to the coordinates of the measured points and the coordinates of the reference points;

[0067] S13, calculating through the derivative method according to the coordinates of the reference points to obtain the coordinates of the measurement sites;

[0068] S14, obtaining the corrected measurement site coordinates through the coordinate verification model according to the coordinates of the measurement sites;

[0069] S15, calculating the coaxial error value of the shaft to be measured according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value;

[0070] S16, making a judgment according to the coaxial error value. If the coaxial error value is less than the preset error reference value, it is determined that the shaft is qualified.

[0071] In step S11, the coordinates of the measured points on the end face of the shaft to be measured and the coordinates of the reference points on the end face of the shaft to be measured are obtained.

[0072] In one embodiment, the coordinates of the first measured point and the second measured point on the end face of the measured shaft are obtained; the coordinates of the third measured point outside the line connecting the coordinates of the first measured point and the second measured point are obtained; wherein, the measured point coordinates include the coordinates of the first measured point, the second measured point and the third measured point; the coordinates of the intersection point of the center line of the measured shaft and the end face are obtained as the reference point coordinates. These data are the basis for calculating the runout value of the measured shaft.

[0073] It should be noted that the measured point coordinates are located on the end face of the measured shaft, and these points should meet the condition of not being on the same straight line. This means that the selected measured points must be able to form a non-collinear distribution within a plane to ensure the effectiveness and representativeness of the measurement results. In addition, the number of measured points is not limited to three and can be appropriately increased according to actual needs and measurement accuracy requirements. For example, in some high-precision applications, more measured points can be selected. At the same time, the measured points should be evenly distributed on the entire end face to avoid concentrating in a specific area. This uniform distribution helps to comprehensively reflect the overall geometric characteristics of the end face of the measured shaft, thereby improving the reliability and consistency of the measurement results. When selecting the measured points, the geometric shape and characteristics of the end face should be considered to ensure that all key areas are covered.

[0074] It should be noted that in the actual operation process, in order to accurately obtain the measured point coordinates and reference point coordinates on the end face of the measured shaft, high-precision measurement equipment and technologies must be used. Commonly used high-precision measurement equipment includes but is not limited to coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), laser trackers, and optical measurement systems. These devices can provide measurement accuracies at the micron level or even sub-micron level. A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is a highly accurate measurement tool that obtains the three-dimensional coordinates of the measured points through a contact probe or a non-contact sensor. A laser tracker uses a laser beam to track and measure target points and is particularly suitable for the measurement of large workpieces. Optical measurement systems such as structured light scanners or laser scanners can quickly obtain the three-dimensional data of the measured points through non-contact methods. The selection of these devices depends on the specific measurement requirements and workpiece sizes.

[0075] In step S12, the runout value of the measured shaft is calculated according to the measured point coordinates and the reference point coordinates.

[0076] In one embodiment, based on the measured point coordinates and the reference point coordinates, the deviation distance is calculated according to the distance formula, and the deviation distances are formed into a deviation distance set ; the maximum deviation distance is selected from the deviation distance set as the runout value of the measured shaft; wherein is the deviation distance of the first measured point coordinate, is the deviation distance of the second measured point coordinate, is the deviation distance of the third measured point coordinate.

[0077] It should be noted that the runout value refers to the maximum deviation of the measured shaft relative to the ideal axis during rotation. This value reflects the coaxiality, roundness, and other geometric feature accuracies of the measured shaft. The runout value is one of the important indicators for evaluating the quality of shaft parts. By measuring and analyzing the runout value, the manufacturing accuracy and assembly quality of the shaft can be effectively judged. The ideal axis refers to the axis position specified on the design drawing, usually consistent with the center line of the measured shaft. The smaller the runout value, the better the coaxiality and roundness of the measured shaft, and the higher the manufacturing accuracy.

[0078] In step S13, according to the reference point coordinates, the measurement site coordinates are obtained through derivative calculation.

[0079] It should be noted that the measurement site refers to a specific position selected on the object to be measured (such as a shaft, gear, hole, etc.) for geometric dimension and shape measurement. Subsequently, by measuring the distances from multiple sites to the reference axis, the coaxiality of the measured shaft can be evaluated.

[0080] In one implementation, the circumferential surface equation is calculated according to the reference point coordinates:

[0081]

[0082] where are the reference point coordinates, R is the radius of the measured shaft obtained in advance, is a preset parameter;

[0083] Calculated according to the minimized error function:

[0084]

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] The measurement site coordinates are obtained:

[0088]

[0089] where are the measurement site coordinates, is the minimized error function, are the coordinates of the points to be measured, n is the number of points to be measured.

[0090] In one embodiment, initial measurement sites are determined on the circumferential surface and the inscribed circle of the circumferential surface respectively; the coordinate distances between the initial measurement sites and the measured points are obtained and denoted as the first distances; with the initial measurement sites as the origin, a circumferential surface coordinate system is constructed; a measurement vector is determined, which points from the measured point to the initial measurement site; if the direction of the runout value of the measured axis in the circumferential surface coordinate system is the first direction, the circumferential surface coordinate system is rotated in the direction of the line connecting the measured point and the initial measurement site so that the measurement vector is consistent with or opposite to the first direction; the coordinate origin is transferred from the reference point to the initial measurement site; a virtual measurement plane including the measured point, the coordinate origin and the measurement vector is constructed, and this plane is away from the circumferential surface; a measurement line determined by the measured point and the coordinate origin is constructed on the measurement plane. The measurement plane is rotated around the coordinate origin for one week, and the obtained trajectory is used as the measurement trajectory. A set of measurement points is obtained according to the measurement trajectory, and this set includes all points within the range of the first distance from the measured point. A measurement site is selected from the set of measurement points as the final measurement site. A set of measurement planes is constructed based on the set of measurement sites, and this set includes all measurement planes where measurement sites exist.

[0091] In one embodiment, the measurement segment is considered: any two measurement points are selected from the set of measurement planes, which are the first measurement site and the second measurement site respectively. A first plane and a second plane are constructed passing through the first measurement site and the second measurement site, and their normal vectors are the first vector and the second vector respectively; the angle between the initial measurement site and the measured point and the first vector is calculated and denoted as the first angle, the angle between the initial measurement site and the measured point and the second vector is calculated and denoted as the second angle, and the angle between the first measurement site and the measured point and the first vector is calculated and denoted as the third angle. A first circle is drawn with the first distance as the radius and the first vector as the direction. A second circle is drawn with the second distance as the radius and the second vector as the direction. The first circle and the second circle intersect to obtain a measurement arc, and this arc is the common intersection line of the first circle and the second circle. If the third angle is greater than the second angle, the normal vector of the first plane is made to point to the first circle, and the measurement arc passes through the first tangent point of the first circle and the second circle, denoted as the first tangent point. If the third angle is less than the second angle, and the absolute value of the difference between the third angle and the second angle is less than 90 °, the normal vector of the first plane is made to point to the first distance direction, and the measurement arc passes through the second tangent point of the first circle and the second circle, denoted as the second tangent point; if the third angle is greater than the second angle, and the absolute value of the difference between the third angle and the second angle is greater than 90 , then make the normal vector of the first plane point to the first circle, and measure that the arc passes through the third tangent point of the first circle and the second circle, denoted as the third tangent point. Rotate in the first plane around the coordinate origin to the position where the first tangent point or the second tangent point is located to determine the second measurement site. Determine at least one intermediate measurement site between the first plane and the second plane in the set of measurement planes. Determine the first set of planes passing through the first measurement site and the intermediate measurement site, and determine the second set of planes passing through the second measurement site and the intermediate measurement site. Re-select the second measurement site in the set of measurement planes to ensure that it is not in the first set of planes and the second set of planes. Determine the third set of planes passing through the re-selected second measurement site and the intermediate measurement site. Determine the fourth plane passing through the first measurement site and the intermediate measurement site. The third circle and the fourth circle intersect to obtain the third measurement arc, which is used as the measurement arc segment corresponding to the measurement site.

[0092] In step S14, according to the coordinates of the measurement site, the corrected coordinates of the measurement site are obtained through the coordinate verification model.

[0093] In one implementation, use the coordinates of the measurement site as the coordinates of the first measurement site; use the distance between the coordinates of the first measurement site and the coordinates of the first measured point as the first distance; use the first distance as the radius to form a measurement reference circle; move the coordinates of the first measurement site towards the measurement reference circle to obtain the coordinates of the second measurement site; the coordinates of the center of the measurement reference circle are the coordinates of the reference point; calculate the unit vector from the coordinates of the first measurement site to the coordinates of the reference point; according to the unit vector, move the coordinates of the first measurement site to the measurement reference circle; the coordinates of the second measurement site are located on the measurement reference circle. Calculate the distance between the coordinates of the second measurement site and the coordinates of the first measured point, denoted as the second distance; if the second distance is less than the first distance, then use the coordinates of the second measurement site as the corrected coordinates of the measurement site. Through the above steps, it can be ensured that the coordinates of the measurement site are located on the measurement reference circle after verification and adjustment, and the distance between it and the first measured point meets the requirements.

[0094] In another embodiment, a high-precision measuring device, a coordinate measuring machine, is prepared. The design drawings and relevant parameters of the shaft to be measured are prepared. The shaft to be measured is fixed on the measuring platform. Target measuring points are selected and the calibration distance is calculated from the outside to the inside of the inscribed circle of the circumferential surface. The first target measuring points are selected one by one. The coordinate distances between each first target measuring point and the point to be measured are accurately measured using the measuring device. A measuring reference circle is constructed with the first distance as the radius and the point to be measured as the center. The coordinate distance from the first measuring point to the point to be measured is accurately measured using the measuring device. Each first target measuring point is moved onto the measuring reference circle to obtain the fourth target measuring point. The coordinate distance from the fourth target measuring point to the point to be measured is accurately measured using the measuring device. The fifth distance is compared with the calibration distance. If the fifth distance is less than the calibration distance, it is a qualified measuring point, and the next target measuring point is continued. Further, it also includes obtaining the coaxiality detection result of the shaft to be measured, calculating the difference between the coordinate distance from each measuring point to the point to be measured and the runout value, which is the error value of each measuring point, and the error value is the error value of the shaft to be measured at the measuring point.

[0095] In step S15, according to the corrected measuring point coordinates and the runout value, the coaxial error value of the shaft to be measured is calculated;

[0096] In one embodiment, the coaxial error value is calculated by the following formula:

[0097]

[0098] Where, is the runout value, i is the corrected measuring point number, j is the point to be measured number, is i the included angle between the j th corrected measuring point and the

[0099]

[0100] Where, is j the coordinates of the th point to be measured, i is

[0101] It should be noted that in the step of determining the measured points on the end face of the measured shaft, there are multiple measured points, and each measured point corresponds to multiple measurement sites respectively. In the step of determining the measurement sites on the circumferential surface of the shaft, multiple coordinate distances are obtained for the multiple measurement sites corresponding to one measured point. Multiple error values of the measured shaft at the multiple measurement sites are calculated based on the multiple coordinate distances and the runout value. Further, a detection result of the coaxiality of the measured shaft is obtained based on the multiple error values. Further, the arithmetic mean of all the error values is calculated, and the arithmetic mean is the first coaxial error value of the measured shaft. Further, according to the zoning method of the shaft end face, multiple coordinate distances within each measurement section are obtained, multiple error values of the measured shaft at the multiple measurement sites are calculated based on the multiple coordinate distances and the runout value, and the arithmetic mean of the multiple error values of each measurement section is calculated, and the arithmetic mean is the second coaxial error value of each measurement section. Further, the arithmetic mean of all the error values in each measurement section is calculated, and the arithmetic mean is the third coaxial error value of the measured shaft.

[0102] In step S16, a judgment is made according to the coaxial error value. If the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value, the shaft is determined to be qualified.

[0103] It should be noted that in actual operation, this preset error reference value is usually determined based on the design requirements of the product, the manufacturing process, and the final use environment. For example, in the manufacturing of high-precision mechanical parts, the preset error reference value is very strict, in micrometers; while in some applications with less strict precision requirements, the preset error reference value will be relatively loose. When performing coaxial error detection, it is first necessary to obtain the coaxial error value of each measurement site. These error values are calculated by precisely measuring the deviation between each site and the reference point. Once the coaxial error values of all measurement sites have been determined, the next step is to compare these error values with the preset error reference value. If the coaxial error value of any one measurement site is greater than or equal to the preset error reference value, the measured shaft will be determined to be unqualified. For example, assume that the coaxiality of a precision machine tool spindle is being detected. According to industry standards and design requirements, the preset error reference value is set to 0.01 mm. During the actual measurement process, multiple measurement sites are selected, and the coaxial error value of each site is calculated. If the coaxial error value of one of the measurement sites is 0.012 mm, which clearly exceeds the preset error reference value of 0.01 mm. In this case, even if the coaxial error values of all other measurement sites are within the allowable range, the entire spindle will be determined to be unqualified.

[0104] It should be noted that for unqualified cases, it is usually necessary to further analyze the reasons and take corrective measures. For example, checking the calibration of equipment, readjusting processing parameters, improving fixture design, or optimizing the production process. Through these measures, the product quality can be gradually improved, the unqualified rate can be reduced, and ultimately higher production efficiency can be achieved.

[0105] In summary, the present invention discloses a method for detecting a shaft, which is used to accurately obtain the coordinates of the measured points and the reference points on the end face of the measured shaft, and judge the qualification of the shaft based on the coaxial error value. By accurately checking the position of the measurement site, the coaxiality deviation caused by coordinate measurement errors is reduced, and the overall measurement accuracy is improved. Using high-precision measurement equipment such as coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), laser trackers, and optical measurement systems can provide measurement accuracy at the micron level or even sub-micron level, ensuring the accuracy of data. Using fixed reference points and standardized measurement methods ensures the consistency of each measurement. Through systematic steps and clear operation procedures, the influence of human factors on the measurement results is reduced. Based on accurate measurement results, problems existing in product design can be analyzed more accurately, and the design can be improved accordingly, thereby enhancing the reliability and service life of the product. Accurate coaxiality measurement helps to ensure the assembly accuracy and operating performance of mechanical components. Detailed recording of the coordinate values of each measured point and its verification process is convenient for subsequent analysis and traceability, supporting quality control and continuous improvement. The data record includes information such as date, time, measurement personnel, and the model of the equipment used, ensuring the integrity and traceability of the data. By setting a preset error reference value, the judgment process of shaft qualification is simplified, and production efficiency is improved. Automated data processing and judgment steps reduce manual intervention and reduce the risk of misjudgment. This method is applicable to workpieces of various sizes and shapes. Whether they are small precision parts or large structural parts, accurate measurement can be achieved by selecting appropriate high-precision measurement equipment. It is also applicable to the needs of machining, quality control, and product inspection in different industries, significantly improving product quality and production efficiency.

[0106] Referring to Figure 2 , the second embodiment of the present invention provides a shaft detection system, including:

[0107] A data acquisition module for acquiring the coordinates of the measured points on the end face of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference points on the end face of the measured shaft;

[0108] A runout value module for calculating the runout value of the measured shaft according to the coordinates of the measured points and the coordinates of the reference points;

[0109] A measurement site module for calculating and obtaining the measurement site coordinates according to the coordinates of the reference points by the derivative method;

[0110] A coordinate verification module, configured to obtain corrected measured site coordinates through a coordinate verification model according to the measured site coordinates;

[0111] A coaxial error module, configured to calculate a coaxial error value of the measured shaft according to the corrected measured site coordinates and the runout value;

[0112] A pass judgment module, configured to determine that the shaft is qualified according to the coaxial error value if the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value.

[0113] Preferably, the data acquisition module is configured to:

[0114] Obtain the coordinates of the measured points and the coordinates of the reference points on the end face of the measured shaft, including:

[0115] Obtain the coordinates of the first measured point and the second measured point on the end face of the measured shaft;

[0116] Obtain the coordinates of the third measured point outside the line connecting the coordinates of the first measured point and the second measured point; wherein, the measured point coordinates include the coordinates of the first measured point, the coordinates of the second measured point, and the coordinates of the third measured point;

[0117] Obtain the coordinates of the intersection point of the center line of the measured shaft and the end face as the reference point coordinates.

[0118] It should be noted that in the actual operation process, in order to accurately obtain the coordinates of the measured points and the reference points on the end face of the measured shaft, high-precision measuring equipment and technologies must be used. Commonly used high-precision measuring equipment includes but is not limited to coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), laser trackers, and optical measuring systems. These devices can provide measurement accuracies at the micron level or even sub-micron level. A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is a highly accurate measuring tool that obtains the three-dimensional coordinates of the measured points through a contact probe or a non-contact sensor. A laser tracker uses a laser beam to track and measure target points, especially suitable for measuring large workpieces. Optical measuring systems such as structured light scanners or laser scanners can quickly obtain the three-dimensional data of the measured points in a non-contact manner. Select the most suitable high-precision measuring equipment according to the size, shape, and measurement requirements of the measured shaft. For example, for small precision parts, a CMM is the best choice; for large structural parts, a laser tracker is more suitable. Use the selected measuring equipment to accurately measure the coordinates of each measured point. Ensure that external interferences such as vibration and temperature changes are avoided during the measurement process. Record the coordinate values of each measured point in detail, and mark information such as the date, time, measurement personnel, and the model of the equipment used. Calculate the coaxial error value and other geometric characteristics according to the measurement data, and evaluate whether the measured shaft meets the design requirements.

[0119] Preferably, the runout value module is configured to:

[0120] Calculate the runout value of the measured shaft according to the coordinates of the measured point and the coordinates of the reference point, including:

[0121] Based on the coordinates of the measured point and the coordinates of the reference point, calculate the deviation distance according to the distance formula, and form a set of deviation distances with the deviation distances ;

[0122] Select the maximum deviation distance from the set of deviation distances as the runout value of the measured shaft;

[0123] where is the deviation distance of the first measured point coordinate, is the deviation distance of the second measured point coordinate, is the deviation distance of the third measured point coordinate.

[0124] Preferably, the measurement site module is used for:

[0125] Calculate the measurement site coordinates according to the coordinates of the reference point by the derivative method, including:

[0126] Calculate the circumferential surface equation according to the coordinates of the reference point:

[0127]

[0128] where, is the coordinates of the reference point, R is the radius of the measured shaft obtained in advance, is a preset parameter;

[0129] Calculate according to the minimization error function:

[0130]

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] Obtain the measurement site coordinates:

[0134]

[0135] where, is the coordinates of the measurement site, is the minimization error function, is the coordinates of the point to be measured, n is the number of points to be measured.

[0136] Preferably, initial measurement sites are determined on the circumferential surface and the inscribed circle of the circumferential surface respectively; the coordinate distances between the initial measurement sites and the measured points are obtained and denoted as the first distances; with the initial measurement sites as the origin, a circumferential surface coordinate system is constructed; a measurement vector is determined, which points from the measured point to the initial measurement site; if the direction of the runout value of the measured axis in the circumferential surface coordinate system is the first direction, the circumferential surface coordinate system is rotated in the direction of the connection line between the measured point and the initial measurement site so that the measurement vector is consistent with or opposite to the first direction; the coordinate origin is transferred from the reference point to the initial measurement site; a virtual measurement plane including the measured point, the coordinate origin and the measurement vector is constructed, and this plane is far from the circumferential surface; a measurement line determined by the measured point and the coordinate origin is constructed on the measurement plane. The measurement plane is rotated around the coordinate origin for one week, and the obtained trajectory is used as the measurement trajectory. A set of measurement points is obtained according to the measurement trajectory, and this set includes all points within the range of the first distance from the measured point. A measurement site is selected from the set of measurement points as the final measurement site. A set of measurement planes is constructed based on the set of measurement sites, and this set includes all measurement planes where measurement sites exist.

[0137] Preferably, the coordinate checking module is used for:

[0138] According to the coordinates of the measurement site, through the coordinate checking model, the corrected coordinates of the measurement site are obtained, including:

[0139] Taking the coordinates of the measurement site as the first coordinates of the measurement site;

[0140] Taking the distance between the first coordinates of the measurement site and the coordinates of the first measured point as the first distance;

[0141] Using the first distance as the radius to form a measurement reference circle;

[0142] Moving the first coordinates of the measurement site towards the measurement reference circle to obtain the second coordinates of the measurement site;

[0143] Calculating the distance between the second coordinates of the measurement site and the coordinates of the first measured point, and denoting it as the second distance;

[0144] If the second distance is less than the first distance, then taking the second coordinates of the measurement site as the corrected coordinates of the measurement site.

[0145] Preferably, the moving the first coordinates of the measurement site towards the measurement reference circle to obtain the second coordinates of the measurement site includes:

[0146] The coordinates of the center of the measurement reference circle are the coordinates of the reference point;

[0147] Calculating the unit vector from the first coordinates of the measurement site to the coordinates of the reference point;

[0148] Move the first measurement site coordinates to the measurement reference circle according to the unit vector;

[0149] The second measurement site coordinates are located on the measurement reference circle.

[0150] Preferably, prepare a high-precision measuring device, a coordinate measuring machine. Prepare the design drawings and relevant parameters of the shaft to be measured. Fix the shaft to be measured on the measuring platform. Select the target measurement sites and calculate the calibration distance. From the outside to the inside of the inscribed circle of the circumferential surface, select the first target measurement sites one by one. Use the measuring device to accurately measure the coordinate distance between each first target measurement site and the measured point. With the first distance as the radius and the measured point as the center, construct the measurement reference circle. Use the measuring device to accurately measure the coordinate distance from the first measurement site to the measured point. Move each first target measurement site to the measurement reference circle to obtain the fourth target measurement point. Use the measuring device to accurately measure the coordinate distance from the fourth target measurement point to the measured point. Compare the fifth distance with the calibration distance. If the fifth distance is less than the calibration distance, it is a qualified measurement site, and continue to the next target measurement site. Further, it also includes obtaining the coaxiality detection result of the shaft to be measured, calculating the difference between the coordinate distance from each measurement site to the measured point and the runout value, which is the error value of each measurement site, and the error value is the error value of the shaft to be measured at the measurement site.

[0151] Preferably, the coaxial error module is used for:

[0152] Calculate the coaxial error value of the shaft to be measured according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value, including:

[0153] Calculate the coaxial error value through the following formula:

[0154]

[0155] Where is the runout value, i is the corrected measurement site number, j is the measured point number, is i the included angle between the j th corrected measurement site and the

[0156]

[0157] Where is j the coordinates of the th measured point, i is

[0158] Preferably, the qualified judgment module is used for:

[0159] According to the coaxial error value, if the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value, it is determined that the shaft is qualified.

[0160] It should be noted that a shaft detection system provided by an embodiment of the present invention is used to execute all the process steps of a shaft detection method in the above embodiment. The working principles and beneficial effects of the two correspond one by one, so they will not be elaborated here.

[0161] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device. The electronic device includes: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, such as a coordinate verification program. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps in the above embodiments of the shaft detection method are implemented, such as Figure 1 the step S11 shown. Alternatively, when the processor executes the computer program, the functions of each module / unit in the above device embodiments are implemented, such as the data acquisition module.

[0162] Exemplarily, the computer program can be divided into one or more modules / units. The one or more modules / units are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to complete the present invention. The one or more modules / units can be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, and these instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in the electronic device.

[0163] The electronic device can be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a palm computer, and a smart tablet. The electronic device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory. Those skilled in the art can understand that the above components are only examples of the electronic device and do not constitute a limitation on the electronic device. It may include more or fewer components than the above, or combine some components, or different components. For example, the electronic device may further include input / output devices, network access devices, a bus, etc.

[0164] The so-called processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or may also be other general-purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc. The processor is the control center of the electronic device and connects various parts of the entire electronic device using various interfaces and lines.

[0165] The memory can be used to store the computer programs and / or modules. The processor realizes various functions of the electronic device by running or executing the computer programs and / or modules stored in the memory, and by calling the data stored in the memory. The memory mainly includes a program storage area and a data storage area. Among them, the program storage area can store the operating system, application programs required for at least one function (such as the sound playback function, the image playback function, etc.); the data storage area can store the data created according to the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, phone book, etc.). In addition, the memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as hard disks, memory, plug-in hard disks, Smart Media Cards (SMCs), Secure Digital (SD) cards, Flash Cards, at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0166] Among them, if the modules / units integrated in the electronic device are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, to implement all or part of the processes in the above-described embodiment methods of the present invention, it can also be completed by a computer program instructing relevant hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-described method embodiments can be implemented. Among them, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file, or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disc, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal, and software distribution medium, etc. It should be noted that the content included in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, the computer-readable medium does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0167] It should be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. In addition, in the attached drawings of the device embodiments provided by the present invention, the connection relationship between the modules indicates that there is a communication connection between them, which can be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative work.

[0168] The specific embodiments described above have further elaborated on the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only the specific embodiments of the present invention and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. It is particularly pointed out that for those skilled in the art, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting a shaft, characterized in that, Including: Obtain the coordinates of the measured points on the end face of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference points on the end face of the measured shaft; Calculate the runout value of the measured shaft according to the coordinates of the measured points and the coordinates of the reference points; Calculate and obtain the coordinates of the measurement site points according to the coordinates of the reference points by the derivative method; Obtain the corrected measurement site points coordinates through the coordinate verification model according to the coordinates of the measurement site points; Calculate the coaxial error value of the measured shaft according to the corrected measurement site points coordinates and the runout value; Judge according to the coaxial error value. If the coaxial error value is less than the preset error reference value, it is determined that the shaft is qualified; Among them, the obtaining the coordinates of the measured points on the end face of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference points on the end face of the measured shaft includes: Obtain the coordinates of the first measured point and the coordinates of the second measured point on the end face of the measured shaft; Obtain the coordinates of the third measured point outside the line connecting the coordinates of the first measured point and the coordinates of the second measured point; among them, the coordinates of the measured points include the coordinates of the first measured point, the coordinates of the second measured point and the coordinates of the third measured point; Obtain the coordinates of the intersection point of the center line of the measured shaft and the end face as the coordinates of the reference points; Among them, the calculating the runout value of the measured shaft according to the coordinates of the measured points and the coordinates of the reference points includes: Based on the coordinates of the measured point and the coordinates of the reference point, calculate the deviation distance according to the distance formula, and form a deviation distance set with the deviation distances ; Select the maximum deviation distance from the deviation distance set as the runout value of the measured shaft; wherein is the deviation distance of the first measured point coordinate, is the deviation distance of the second measured point coordinate, is the deviation distance of the third measured point coordinate.

2. The shaft detection method according to claim 1, wherein, The calculating and obtaining the coordinates of the measurement site points according to the coordinates of the reference points by the derivative method includes: Calculate the circumferential surface equation according to the coordinates of the reference points: Among them, is the coordinate of the reference point, R is the radius of the measured axis obtained in advance, is a preset parameter; Calculate according to the minimization error function: Obtain the coordinates of the measurement site points: Among them, is the coordinate of the measurement site, is the minimization error function, is the coordinate of the measured point, n is the number of measured points.

3. The shaft detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the obtaining the corrected measurement site points coordinates through the coordinate verification model according to the coordinates of the measurement site points, it includes: Take the coordinates of the measurement site points as the first coordinates of the measurement site points; Take the distance between the first coordinates of the measurement site points and the coordinates of the first measured point as the first distance; Take the first distance as the radius as the measurement reference circle; Move the first coordinates of the measurement site points to the measurement reference circle to obtain the second coordinates of the measurement site points; Calculate the distance between the second coordinates of the measurement site points and the coordinates of the first measured point, denoted as the second distance; If the second distance is less than the first distance, then take the second coordinates of the measurement site points as the corrected coordinates of the measurement site points.

4. The shaft detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that The calculating the coaxial error value of the measured shaft according to the corrected measurement site points coordinates and the runout value includes: Calculate the coaxial error value through the following formula: Among them, is the said beating value, i is the corrected measurement site number, j is the measured point number, is i the included angle between the No. j corrected measurement site and the No. measured point; Among them, is j the coordinate of the measured point numbered is i the coordinate of the corrected measurement site numbered 5. The method for detecting a shaft according to claim 3, wherein The moving the first coordinates of the measurement site points to the measurement reference circle to obtain the second coordinates of the measurement site points includes: Calculate the unit vector from the first coordinates of the measurement site points to the coordinates of the first measured point; Move the first coordinates of the measurement site points to the measurement reference circle according to the unit vector; The second coordinates of the measurement site points are located on the measurement reference circle.

6. A shaft detection system, characterized in that, For implementing the shaft detection method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, it includes: A data acquisition module for obtaining the coordinates of the measured points on the end face of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference points on the end face of the measured shaft; A runout value module for calculating the runout value of the measured shaft according to the coordinates of the measured points and the coordinates of the reference points; A measurement site points module for calculating and obtaining the coordinates of the measurement site points according to the coordinates of the reference points by the derivative method; A coordinate verification module, configured to obtain corrected measured site coordinates based on the measured site coordinates through a coordinate verification model; A coaxial error module, configured to calculate a coaxial error value of the measured shaft according to the corrected measured site coordinates and the runout value; A qualification judgment module, configured to determine that the shaft is qualified according to the coaxial error value if the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the detection method of the shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program runs, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to execute the detection method of the shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

Images