Vacuum laser alignment monitoring system and method

Abstract

A vacuum laser alignment monitoring system and method include a laser detection unit containing a vacuum-sealed measuring point box, a laser emission unit, a vacuum forming system, and a laser control unit. In a vacuum environment, the vacuum-sealed measuring point box is used to detect and record the relative displacement between the laser beam and the measuring point box, with a smaller error when considering the slight twisting generated at the emission end. Taking the vacuum system into account, the measuring point box has a smaller volume and is adaptable to more application scenarios. The vacuum laser alignment monitoring system and method provided by the present invention can adapt to most working conditions in engineering projects, providing an effective monitoring method for engineering monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of large-scale building deformation measurement, and in particular to a vacuum laser collimation deformation measurement system and method. Background Art

[0002] In water conservancy projects, vacuum laser alignment system is an important means of monitoring dam body displacement. Currently, vacuum laser alignment system is often placed on the dam top surface or dam body corridor to monitor the horizontal and vertical displacement of the dam.

[0003] At present, the existing vacuum laser alignment monitoring system is to pass a laser beam through a vacuum pipe in the form of a spherical wave, set a Fresnel zone plate at the part to be measured, and the Fresnel zone plate converges the spherical wave to the receiving end. The light spot at the receiving end is collected by a two-dimensional camera set at the receiving end, and then the displacement of the part to be measured is calculated using the triangle conversion formula.

[0004] While it accounts for the minimal impact of laser drift on system measurements within vacuum tubes, it fails to account for the drift and rotation of the laser itself and the structure that holds the laser emitter. Furthermore, the use of spherical waves results in a larger zone plate area at the measurement point, which in turn results in a larger cross-section for the entire system. The longer the system, the larger the cross-sectional area. This results in many actual engineering sites being unable to accommodate installation requirements, rendering existing vacuum laser alignment monitoring systems applicable only to a few engineering scenarios.

[0005] There is also a laser collimation deformation measurement system, with Chinese Patent Law Publication No. CN116518865A and Publication Date August 1, 2023. The invention is titled "A Laser Collimation Deformation Measurement System and Method," which uses a laser beam to pass through several laser detection units, in which photoelectric sensors and detectors are provided, and then a terminal unit is used to calculate the position coordinate changes of the laser beam and the shape and size changes of the scattered image. Its disadvantage is that when the laser beam is applied to a longer distance (>80m) for measurement, the laser propagates in the atmosphere and passes through multiple laser detection units. Due to the refraction and attenuation of the laser beam and the slight drift of the light source, the collimated beam itself, which serves as the benchmark for the entire system, has a large error, which in turn leads to a large measurement error for the entire system, which cannot meet actual requirements. In addition, the patent does not explain the position coordinates and shape and size of the beam, and relying on this patent cannot complete actual system measurement.

[0006] Therefore, the problems existing in the prior art need to be further improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] (1) Purpose of the invention: In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a vacuum laser alignment monitoring system and method with smaller error and longer application distance.

[0008] (2) Technical solution: In order to solve the above technical problems, the present technical solution provides a vacuum laser alignment monitoring system, which includes a laser emitting unit, a laser detection unit, a laser control unit, and a vacuum forming unit.

[0009] The laser detection unit includes multiple position detection modules, which include a vacuum-sealed measuring point box and a light beam position measuring device. The multiple position detection modules are respectively fixed at different detection points of the object to be measured. The multiple position detection modules are connected and sealed in sequence to form a linear cavity, and the vacuum forming unit evacuates the linear cavity.

[0010] The position detection module receives the laser detection signal from the laser control unit, enters and exits the optical path through the imaging screen of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box, and uses the beam position measurement device to record the position of the detection point on the laser beam.

[0011] The laser control unit receives the laser detection signal at multiple detection points for the nth measurement, and calculates the actual displacement of the object to be measured by the difference between the relative displacement and the relative displacement corresponding to the initial measurement at the multiple detection points and the relative displacement of the vacuum sealed measurement point box relative to the laser beam between the laser emitting end and the laser receiving end.

[0012] Furthermore, the laser detection unit also includes an elastic part, a sealing flat crystal, and a measuring point box sealing plug. The multiple position detection modules are connected in sequence through the elastic part to form a straight channel with openings at both ends. The sealing flat crystal seals the front end of the straight channel, and the measuring point box sealing plug seals the end of the straight channel to form a straight cavity sealed at both ends; when the laser emitting unit is connected to the laser detection unit, the straight cavity has a laser emitting end and a laser receiving end.

[0013] Furthermore, the laser emitting end includes the laser emitting unit, the sealed flat crystal, or includes the laser emitting unit, the sealed flat crystal and the position detection module; the laser receiving end includes the measuring point box sealing plug, or includes the measuring point box sealing plug and the position detection module.

[0014] Furthermore, the laser emitting unit includes a laser light source, or a laser light source and a light source adjustment device that are separately provided from the position detection module.

[0015] Furthermore, the elastic part includes an expansion joint and a vacuum pipeline. The expansion joint is connected to the position detection module. When multiple detection points are displaced and / or the vacuum pipeline expands or contracts due to heat, the elastic part adaptively stretches or shortens to ensure that the position detection module fits the part to be measured.

[0016] Furthermore, the vacuum-sealed measuring point box is a box with openings at both ends, and has holes on the top and sides of the box. A transparent light window is installed at the position of the hole, and the light beam position measuring device is installed at the position of the transparent light window; the vacuum-sealed measuring point box includes an imaging screen, a rotating component, and a measuring point box control module; the rotating component includes a motor and a rotating shaft, and the motor drives the imaging screen to rotate inside the vacuum-sealed measuring point box. The rotating shaft and the imaging screen are located inside the vacuum-sealed measuring point box, and the measuring point box control module is arranged on the side of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box to receive the laser detection signal and enable the rotating component to drive the imaging screen to rotate.

[0017] Furthermore, the rotating imaging screen is colored glass or colloid that can produce the Tyndall effect. The length and width of the rotating imaging screen are both greater than the measurement range of the vacuum laser alignment monitoring system, so that the laser beam forms a laser beam image on the rotating imaging screen. The thickness of the imaging screen is greater than 1 mm.

[0018] Furthermore, the relative displacement includes a horizontal X relative displacement and a vertical Y relative displacement, and the beam position measuring device includes a first beam position measuring device and a second beam position measuring device; the first beam position measuring device is located on the top of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box, receives the laser detection signal, and measures and records the horizontal X relative displacement; the second beam position measuring device is located on the side of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box, receives the laser detection signal, and measures and records the vertical Y relative displacement.

[0019] Furthermore, the laser detection signal includes the vacuum-sealed measuring point box serial number, a rotation-opening instruction, and a measurement instruction. The measuring point box control module of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box with the corresponding serial number receives the rotation-opening instruction in the laser detection signal, and the light beam position measuring device on the vacuum-sealed measuring point box with the corresponding serial number receives the measurement instruction in the laser detection signal.

[0020] Furthermore, the control unit calculates the actual displacement according to the triangulation method. The calculation formula for the actual displacement measured for the nth time is as follows:

[0021] .

[0022] A vacuum laser alignment monitoring method,

[0023] Step 1: Multiple position detection modules are fixed at different detection points of the object to be measured, connected in sequence to form a linear cavity, and the linear cavity is vacuumed;

[0024] Step 2: The position detection module receives the laser detection signal and uses the beam position measurement device to record the position of the detection point on the laser beam by entering and exiting the optical path through the imaging screen of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box;

[0025] Step 3: When the laser control unit receives the laser detection signal at multiple detection points for the nth measurement, the relative displacement of the vacuum sealed measurement point box relative to the laser beam between the laser emitting end and the laser receiving end is calculated by the difference between the relative displacement and the relative displacement corresponding to the initial measurement at the multiple detection points to calculate the actual displacement of the object to be measured.

[0026] (III) Beneficial Effects: The vacuum laser alignment monitoring system and method provided by the present invention can eliminate the problem of large measurement errors caused by laser beam refraction, drift, or twisting by taking into account the situation of slight twisting of the transmitting end in a vacuum environment. By sequentially inserting imaging screens into the laser optical path and then withdrawing them from the optical path after measurement, the problem of severe beam attenuation caused by multiple imaging screens, resulting in a short measurement length of the entire measurement system, can be eliminated. The use of colored glass to produce the Tyndall effect can greatly simplify the complexity of beam imaging. In short, the vacuum laser alignment monitoring system and method provided by the present invention can adapt to the vast majority of working conditions in engineering projects and provide an effective monitoring method for engineering projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a vacuum laser alignment monitoring system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the laser emitting end and the elastic member in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the vacuum sealed measuring point box and the light beam position measuring device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the vacuum sealed measuring point box of the present invention when the imaging screen is parallel to the laser beam;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the vacuum sealed measuring point box of the present invention when the imaging screen is perpendicular to the laser beam;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the laser receiving end and the telescopic joint structure in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7This is a measurement flow diagram of the position detection module;

[0034] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a calculation method for a vacuum laser alignment monitoring system;

[0035] Figure 9 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the method steps applicable to a vacuum laser alignment monitoring system.

[0036] Figure markings: 100 - laser light source, 101 - laser beam, 200 - laser detection unit, 201 - sealed flat crystal, 210 - vacuum sealed measuring point box, 211 - imaging screen, 212 - rotating component, 213 - beam position measuring device, 214 - measuring point box control module, 202 - measuring point box plug, 203 - vacuum pipeline, 204 - expansion joint, 300 - laser control unit, 400 - vacuum forming unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with preferred embodiments. The following description sets forth more details to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can obviously be implemented in a variety of other ways different from the description herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations and deductions based on actual application scenarios without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should not be limited by the content of this specific embodiment.

[0038] The accompanying drawings are schematic diagrams of embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings are merely examples and are not drawn to scale, and should not be used to limit the actual scope of protection claimed in the present invention.

[0039] The present invention provides a vacuum laser alignment monitoring system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a laser emitting unit, a laser detection unit 200, a laser control unit 300, and a vacuum forming unit 400, wherein the laser control unit 300 is connected to the laser emitting unit, the laser detection unit 200, and the vacuum forming unit 400 respectively, and is used to control the operation of the entire system and monitor the calculation and storage of displacement results.

[0040] The laser emitting unit is fixed to the head end of the object to be measured along the first direction, receives the beam signal from the laser control unit 300, and generates or shuts down the laser beam 101 along the first direction.

[0041] Wherein, the laser emitting unit includes but is not limited to a laser light source 100, that is, the laser emitting unit may include a laser light source, or may include a laser light source and a light source adjustment device that are separately arranged from the position detection module. The laser light source 100 emits a laser beam 101 along the first direction. The beam signal includes a beam opening instruction and a beam closing instruction. When the vacuum laser alignment monitoring system is measuring, the laser control unit 300 sends a beam opening instruction to the laser emitting unit, and the laser light source 100 receives the beam opening instruction to generate the laser beam 101. The first direction is a direction parallel to the length direction of the object to be measured and is also a direction in which one end of the object to be measured points to the other end of the object to be measured. When the laser emitting unit includes a light source adjustment device, the light source adjustment device can adjust the laser beam emitted by the laser light source.

[0042] The object to be tested can be any large structure such as a high-speed railway track, a dam, a bridge, a tunnel, etc. The object to be tested includes a plurality of detection points, including but not limited to a head end and a tail end.

[0043] The laser detection unit 200 includes multiple position detection modules. Figure 3 As shown, the position detection module includes a vacuum-sealed measurement point box 210 and a beam position measurement device 213. The multiple position detection modules are respectively fixed to different detection points on the object to be measured. The multiple position detection modules are sequentially connected and sealed to form a linear cavity. The vacuum forming unit 400 evacuates the linear cavity.

[0044] The position detection module receives the laser detection signal from the laser control unit 300 , enters and exits the optical path through the imaging screen 211 of the vacuum sealed measuring point box 210 , and uses the beam position measurement device 213 to record the position of the detection point on the laser beam 101 .

[0045] Among them, such as Figure 3 As shown, the beam position measuring device 213 includes a first beam position measuring device and a second beam position measuring device. The first beam position measuring device is located on the top of the vacuum sealed measuring point box 210, and the second beam position measuring device is located on the side of the vacuum sealed measuring point box 210.

[0046] The laser detection unit 200 also includes an elastic member, a sealing flat crystal 201, and a measuring point box sealing plug 202. The vacuum-sealed measuring point boxes 210 in the multiple position detection modules are sequentially connected via the elastic member, forming a linear channel open at both ends. The sealing flat crystal 201 seals the front end of the linear channel, and the measuring point box sealing plug seals the end of the linear channel, thereby forming a linear cavity sealed at both ends. When the laser emitting unit is connected to the laser detection unit, the linear cavity has a laser emitting end and a laser receiving end.

[0047] The vacuum-sealed measuring point boxes 210 in the multiple position detection modules are fixed in sequence along the first direction at different detection points on the object to be measured, and the beam position measuring device 213 measures and records the position of the laser beam 101 at different detection points on the laser beam 101 in the linear cavity. The laser detection unit 200 has an initial end and a receiving end. The initial end can be set but is not limited to being set at the head end of the object to be measured, and the receiving end can be set but is not limited to being set at the end of the object to be measured. The initial end and the receiving end are the positions of the position detection modules in the linear cavity. When the initial end is located at the head end of the object to be measured, the sealing flat crystal 201 seals the front end of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 at the initial end, and when the receiving end is located at the end of the object to be measured, the measuring point box sealing plug seals the rear end of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 at the receiving end. That is, when the initial end is at the head end of the object to be measured, the laser emitting end includes the laser emitting unit, the sealed flat crystal, and the position detection module; when the initial end is not at the head end of the object to be measured, the laser emitting end includes the laser emitting unit and the sealed flat crystal. When the receiving end is at the end of the object to be measured, the laser receiving end includes the measuring point box sealing plug and the position detection module; when the receiving end is not at the end of the object to be measured, the laser receiving end only includes the measuring point box sealing plug.

[0048] The position of the laser beam 101 is the relative displacement between the laser beam 101 and the vacuum sealed measuring point box 210 . Specifically, the relative displacement includes a relative displacement in the horizontal direction X and a relative displacement in the vertical direction Y.

[0049] The laser beam 101 extends from the initial end to the receiving end in the linear cavity and passes through a plurality of vacuum-sealed measuring point boxes 210 in sequence. That is, when the initial end is located at the head end of the object to be measured and the receiving end is located at the end of the object to be measured, the laser beam 101 extends from the laser emitting end to the laser receiving end in the linear cavity. In the present invention, the case where the initial end is located at the head end of the object to be measured and the receiving end is located at the end of the object to be measured is described in detail. The number of the vacuum-sealed measuring point boxes 210 can be set according to actual engineering requirements and is not required here. In actual engineering processing, the length of the object to be measured can be greater than 100 meters, and there is no restriction on the specific length requirement. It is only necessary to divide the object to be measured into corresponding sections to be measured, and set a detection point in the middle of each section to be measured. The vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 is set at the detection point position, and the displacement of the object to be measured can be measured.

[0050] The elastic member includes an expansion joint 204 and a vacuum pipeline. The expansion joint 204 is connected to the vacuum sealed measuring point box 210. When multiple detection points are displaced and / or the vacuum pipeline is thermally expanded or contracted, the elastic member adaptively extends or shortens to ensure that the vacuum sealed measuring point box 210 can fit the part to be measured.

[0051] That is, when the vacuum-sealed point box 200 is set at different detection points, to ensure that the vacuum-sealed measurement point box 210 can better fit the part to be measured, the front and rear ends of the vacuum-sealed measurement point box 210 located within the linear cavity are connected to the telescopic joint 204. When the initial end is located at the head end of the object to be measured, the rear end of the vacuum-sealed measurement point box 210 is connected to the telescopic joint 204. When the receiving end is located at the rear end of the object to be measured, the front end of the vacuum-sealed measurement point box 210 is connected to the telescopic joint 204. The number of telescopic joints 204 and vacuum pipelines 203 matches the number of vacuum-sealed point boxes, that is, the telescopic joints 204 and vacuum pipelines 203 connect all the installed vacuum-sealed point boxes without any omissions.

[0052] The vacuum forming unit 400 is connected to the vacuum pipe 203 at the end of the laser detection unit 200 . The vacuum forming unit 400 evacuates the linear cavity sealed at both ends, so that the laser beam 101 is in a vacuum environment.

[0053] During measurement by the vacuum laser alignment monitoring system, after the laser beam 101 is generated, the laser control unit 300 sends a laser detection signal to the laser detection unit 200, wherein the laser detection signal includes the serial number of the vacuum sealed measuring point box 210, a rotation opening instruction, and a measurement instruction. The serial numbers of the vacuum sealed measuring point boxes 210 in the linear cavity are 1, 2, ..., m from the initial end to the receiving end, where m is a positive integer, the initial end is 1, and the receiving end is m. During measurement by the vacuum laser alignment monitoring system, the position of the laser beam 101 at the initial end is first measured and recorded, and the position of the laser beam 101 at the receiving end is secondly measured and recorded to determine the baseline for the initial measurement, and finally the position of the laser beam 101 at different detection points between the initial end and the receiving end is measured and recorded.

[0054] That is, during measurement, the laser detection unit 200 receives a laser detection signal and first measures the relative position of the laser beam 101 of the first vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210. After the measurement of the first vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 is completed, a measurement completion signal is fed back to the laser control unit 300. The laser control unit 300 receives the signal and sends a signal to the m vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210, causing the m vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 to perform the measurement. After the measurement of the m vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 is completed, a measurement completion signal is fed back to the laser control unit 300. The laser control unit 300 receives the signal and sends a signal to the 2 vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210, and then proceeds to the next measurement, until all (m-1) measuring points have been measured. After the laser control unit 300 receives the signal indicating the completion of the measurement of the (m-1) vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210, the initial measurement of the object to be measured is complete. The laser control unit 300 sends a beam-off command to the laser emitting unit. The laser emitting unit receives the beam-off command and turns off the laser beam 101. It should be noted that during a measurement, the laser light source 100 of the laser emitting unit emits a laser beam. This laser beam 101 enters the sealed flat crystal 201 of the linear cavity, passes through the entire vacuum pipe and several vacuum-sealed measuring point boxes 210 in the middle, and extends to the receiving end. During the subsequent n-th measurement, the laser light source 100 emits a new laser beam. This laser beam 101 also enters the sealed flat crystal 201 of the linear cavity, passes through the linear cavity, and extends to the receiving end.

[0055] More specifically, the vacuum-sealed measurement point box 210 includes a box body, an imaging screen 211, a rotating component 212, and a measurement point box control module 214. The rotating component 212 includes a rotating shaft and a motor. The box body is open at both ends and has holes on the top and sides. Transparent light windows are installed in the locations of the holes. The transparent light windows are circular, optically transparent glass. The beam position measurement device 213 captures the image of the laser beam through the transparent light windows. The beam position measurement device 213 is installed in the location of the transparent light windows. The motor is located at the top or inside of the vacuum-sealed measurement point box 210 and drives the imaging screen 211 to rotate within the vacuum-sealed measurement point box 210. The rotating shaft and the imaging screen 211 are located inside the vacuum-sealed measurement point box 210. The measurement point box control module 214 is located on the side of the vacuum-sealed measurement point box 210 and receives the laser detection signal to cause the rotating component 212 to drive the imaging screen 211 to rotate. The imaging screen 211 is a colored glass or colloid capable of producing a Tyndall effect. The length and width of the imaging screen 211 are both greater than the measurement range of the vacuum laser collimation monitoring system, so that the laser beam 101 forms an image of the laser beam 101 on the imaging screen 211. The thickness of the imaging screen 211 is greater than 1 mm.

[0056] During measurement, the multiple position detection modules receive laser detection signals from the laser control unit 300 and sequentially enter and exit the optical path via the imaging screen 211 within the vacuum-sealed measurement point box 210. The beam position measurement device 213 then measures the horizontal X and vertical Y positions of the laser beam 101 at different detection points. The measurement information and feedback information for each measurement point are then transmitted to the laser control unit 300, which stores and calculates the information. The measurement information is the position of the laser beam 101 measured at different detection points within the laser detection unit 200, i.e., the relative horizontal X and vertical Y displacements of each detection point. The feedback information is the feedback measurement completion signal for each measurement point.

[0057] The position detection module receives the laser detection signal sent by the laser control unit 300 , that is, the vacuum sealed measuring point box 210 and the beam position measurement device 213 receive the laser detection signal sent by the laser control unit 300 and measure the position of the laser beam 101 .

[0058] Specifically, the measuring point box control module 214 of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 with the corresponding serial number receives the rotation-open instruction in the laser detection signal, and the beam position measuring device 213 on the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 with the corresponding serial number receives the measurement instruction in the laser detection signal. That is, the first beam position measuring device receives the laser detection signal and measures and records the horizontal X relative displacement of the laser beam 101, and the second beam position measuring device receives the laser detection signal and measures and records the vertical Y relative displacement of the laser beam 101. The first beam position measuring device and the second beam position measuring device can both include an optical lens and a linear array camera, or can include an optical lens and an area array camera; wherein the optical lens is located at an end close to the transparent light window, and the linear array camera or the area array camera is located at an end away from the transparent light window.

[0059] like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the specific measurement process is:

[0060] Step 101: After receiving the laser detection signal, the control module 204 sends a rotation opening instruction to the rotating component 212 to energize the rotating component 212, and the rotating component 212 drives the rotating imaging screen 211 to rotate 90° clockwise to enter the optical path.

[0061] When the imaging screen 211 enters the optical path for measurement, the imaging screen is perpendicular to the laser beam, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0062] Step 102: The first beam position measuring device 213 receives the laser detection signal and measures and records the relative displacement of the laser beam 101 in the horizontal direction X, and feeds back a horizontal direction X measurement completion signal to the measuring point box control module. After receiving the laser detection signal, the second beam position measuring device 213 measures and records the relative displacement of the laser beam 101 in the vertical direction Y, and feeds back a vertical direction Y measurement completion signal to the measuring point box control module.

[0063] Step 103: The measuring point box control module receives the measurement completion signal fed back in the horizontal direction X and the vertical direction Y, feeds back the measurement completion signal to the control unit, and sends a rotation closing instruction to the rotating component 212. The rotating component 212 drives the imaging screen 211 to rotate 90° counterclockwise to exit the optical path.

[0064] When the imaging screen 211 exits the optical path and does not perform measurement, the imaging screen 211 is parallel to the laser beam 101. Figure 4 shown.

[0065] After all position detection modules within the laser detection unit 200 have completed relative position measurement of the laser beam 101, the initial measurement is completed. During the initial measurement of the vacuum laser alignment monitoring system, the center line connecting the laser emitting end and the laser receiving end is used as the initial measurement baseline. During the nth measurement of the vacuum laser alignment monitoring system, the above measurement is repeated, and the center line connecting the nth measurement of the laser emitting end and the nth measurement of the laser receiving end is used as the nth measurement baseline.

[0066] The vacuum forming unit 400 receives the vacuuming signal sent by the laser control unit 300 and performs a vacuuming process on the linear cavity, so that the generated laser beam 101 passes through the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 in a vacuum environment. Specifically, the laser control unit 300 sends a vacuum opening command or a vacuum closing command to the vacuum forming unit 400, and the vacuum forming unit receives the vacuum opening command or the vacuum closing command and performs the corresponding operation.

[0067] The vacuum forming unit 400 includes a vacuum forming device 401 and a vacuum line 203. The vacuum forming device 401 evacuates the linear cavity formed by the detection unit via the vacuum line 203, so that the relative position of the laser beam 101 and each of the vacuum-sealed measuring point boxes 210 is measured and recorded in a vacuum environment. The vacuum forming device can be a vacuum pump or other vacuum-forming device, which is not limited in the present invention.

[0068] The laser control unit 300 is connected to the laser emitting unit, the laser detection unit 200, and the vacuum forming unit via communication lines or signal lines, and transmits signals to these three units. The laser detection signals received back indicate the relative displacement of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box relative to the laser beam between the laser emitting end and the laser receiving end at multiple detection points during the nth measurement. The actual displacement of the object to be measured is calculated by comparing this relative displacement with the relative displacement corresponding to the initial measurement at the multiple detection points. In other words, the laser control unit 300 determines the actual displacement of each measurement point by calculating the difference between the final and initial relative displacements, thereby calculating the overall displacement of the object to be measured.

[0069] Specifically, the calculation method of the horizontal direction X is the same as that of the vertical direction Y. The horizontal direction X is taken as an example for detailed introduction. Figure 8 As shown, after the vacuum laser alignment monitoring system is installed and debugged, in the first measurement, the laser alignment line when the laser beam 101 enters the laser receiving end is AO, and in the nth measurement, the laser alignment line is A'O'. At this time, A'A=ΔA=X 发 , is the displacement between the laser beam 101 and the measuring point box measured by the laser emission end, O'O=X 接 =O'O''+ΔO, is the displacement between the laser beam 101 and the measuring point box measured by the laser receiving end. PP'=P'P''+PP'', where ΔO is OO'', ΔO=PP''=ΔA,

[0070] The control unit calculates the actual displacement according to the triangulation method. The calculation formula for the actual displacement measured for the nth time is as follows:

[0071] ,

[0072] in, It represents the actual displacement of the laser emitting end and the laser receiving end measured at the nth measurement of the i-th measurement point; S represents the nth measurement of the i-th measurement point. The distance between the measuring point and the transmitter; S' represents the The distance between the measuring point and the receiving end; L=S+S' represents the distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end; Indicates the displacement measured by the beam position measuring device 213 of this monitoring point during the nth measurement. It should be noted that the vacuum laser alignment monitoring system needs to determine a direction at the beginning, and all subsequent calculations are performed in this direction. For example: facing the first direction of the system, the left hand is the transmitting end, the right hand is the receiving end, and in terms of horizontal displacement, forward is positive and backward is negative. In terms of vertical displacement, upward is positive and downward is negative. In other words, 、 、 Both are directional.

[0073] A vacuum laser alignment monitoring method, such as Figure 9 As shown, specifically including:

[0074] Step 1: Multiple position detection modules are fixed at different detection points of the object to be measured, connected in sequence to form a linear cavity, and the linear cavity is vacuumed;

[0075] Step 2: The position detection module receives the laser detection signal and uses the beam position measurement device 213 to record the position of the detection point on the laser beam 101 by entering and exiting the optical path through the imaging screen 211 of the vacuum-sealed measurement point box 210;

[0076] Step 3: When the laser control unit 300 receives the laser detection signal at multiple detection points for the nth measurement, the relative displacement of the vacuum sealed measurement point box relative to the laser beam between the laser emitting end and the laser receiving end is calculated by the difference between the relative displacement and the relative displacement corresponding to the initial measurement at the multiple detection points to calculate the actual displacement of the object to be measured.

[0077] A preferred embodiment of a vacuum laser alignment monitoring system is used for a tunnel with a length greater than 100 meters. Assume that the tunnel includes 10 tunnel pipe sections, and it is necessary to monitor the displacement of each tunnel pipe section relative to both ends of the tunnel.

[0078] The first step is to sequentially place the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 in the middle of the 10 tunnel sections, and also place the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 at the head and end of the tunnel; and connect the vacuum-sealed measuring point boxes 210 together via telescopic joints 204 and vacuum pipelines. The connection between the telescopic joints 204 and the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 allows the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 located in the middle of the 10 tunnel sections to adaptively extend or shorten as the object to be measured deforms, allowing the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 to better fit the position to be measured. A beam position measuring device is provided on the vacuum-sealed measuring point box to measure the position of the laser beam. In this embodiment, measurement of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box refers to measurement by the beam position measuring device located on the vacuum-sealed measuring point box.

[0079] At this time, the laser emitting end includes a laser light source 100, a vacuum sealed measuring point box 210 at the initial end, and a sealed flat crystal 201. Figure 2 As shown; the laser receiving end includes a measuring point box sealing plug, a vacuum sealed measuring point box, such as Figure 6 shown.

[0080] In the second step, the laser control unit 300 sends a light source opening signal to the laser emitting end. The laser light source 100 receives the light source opening signal, generates a laser beam 101, and extends from the laser emitting end to the laser receiving end inside the linear cavity.

[0081] After the laser beam 101 is generated, the laser control unit 300 sends a laser detection signal to the laser detection unit 200. The laser detection signal includes the serial number of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210, a rotation-open instruction, and a measurement instruction. In this embodiment, the serial numbers of the vacuum-sealed measuring point boxes 210 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. The serial number of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box at the laser emitting end is 1, and the serial number of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box at the laser receiving end is 12.

[0082] The specific measurement process of the No. 1 vacuum sealed measuring point box at the laser emission end is as follows:

[0083] Step 101: After receiving the laser detection signal, the control module 214 sends a rotation opening instruction to the rotating component 212 to energize the rotating component 212, and the rotating component 212 drives the rotating imaging screen 211 to rotate 90° clockwise to enter the optical path.

[0084] Step 102: The first beam position measuring device 213 receives the laser detection signal and measures and records the relative displacement of the laser beam 101 in the horizontal direction X, and feeds back a horizontal direction X measurement completion signal to the measuring point box control module. After receiving the laser detection signal, the second beam position measuring device 213 measures and records the relative displacement of the laser beam 101 in the vertical direction Y, and feeds back a vertical direction Y measurement completion signal to the measuring point box control module.

[0085] Step 103: The measuring point box control module receives the measurement completion signal fed back in the horizontal direction X and the vertical direction Y, feeds back the measurement completion signal to the control unit, and sends a rotation closing instruction to the rotating component 212. The rotating component 212 drives the imaging screen 211 to rotate 90° counterclockwise to exit the optical path.

[0086] The specific measurement steps of the vacuum laser alignment monitoring system are as follows:

[0087] First, the position of the laser beam 101 at the laser emitting end (No. 1) is measured. The specific measurement process is the measurement process of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 at the laser emitting end, which will not be described in detail. After the measurement of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 at No. 1 is completed, a measurement completion signal is fed back to the laser control unit 300.

[0088] Next, the laser control unit 300 receives the signal and sends a laser detection signal to the laser receiving end, vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 (No. 12), causing vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 to perform a measurement. The measurement process is identical to that of vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 (No. 1) and will not be further described. After vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 completes the measurement, it sends a measurement completion signal back to the laser control unit 300.

[0089] The laser control unit 300 then receives the signal and sends a laser detection signal to vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210, instructing it to perform a measurement. The measurement process is identical to that of vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210, and will not be further described. The measurement of the next tunnel tube is then performed, and this continues until vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 (11) completes the measurement, completing the measurement of the last tunnel tube. After the laser control unit 300 receives the signal from vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 (11) that the measurement is complete, the initial measurement of that tunnel is complete.

[0090] After measuring the position of the laser beam 101 at both the No. 1 vacuum sealed measuring point box at the laser emitting end and the No. 12 vacuum sealed measuring point box at the laser receiving end, a measurement reference line is determined, that is, the center line connecting the laser emitting end and the laser receiving end is used as the initial measurement reference line.

[0091] When measuring the settlement and deformation of the tunnel for the nth time, the above steps are repeated, and the center line connecting the laser emitting end and the laser receiving end after the re-measurement is used as the measurement reference line for the nth measurement.

[0092] The laser control unit 300 calculates the relative position information of the laser emitting end, the laser receiving end, and the laser beams 101 of the 10 tunnel sections measured initially and for the nth time, and calculates the difference in relative displacement between the nth measurement and the initial measurement based on the measurement information to determine the actual displacement of the detection points of the No. 2 to No. 11 vacuum-sealed measurement point boxes in the detection unit, and calculates the overall displacement of the tunnel.

[0093] In a second preferred embodiment of a vacuum laser alignment monitoring system for short-distance dam measurement, it is assumed that the dam is 80 meters long and includes five dam sections, and the displacement of each dam section relative to both ends of the dam needs to be measured.

[0094] Simply by placing the vacuum-sealed measuring point boxes 210 in the middle of each of the five dam sections, as well as at the head and tail ends of the dam, the vacuum laser detection system can determine the displacement of the five dam sections relative to the two ends of the dam. The specific measurement method is the same as that of the first preferred embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0095] It should be noted that when the measurement accuracy requirement is low and there is no need to consider the impact of small displacements or torsion at both ends of the dam on the entire measurement system, it is only necessary to close the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 set at the head end of the dam and the end end of the dam, so that the vacuum-sealed measuring point box 210 set at the head end of the dam or the end end of the dam does not enter the optical path measurement in the laser detection unit 200.

[0096] The vacuum laser alignment monitoring system of the present invention not only takes into account the increase in error caused by light refraction, drift, and torsion during transmission in the atmosphere, but also considers the influence of jitter on the error value at the laser emission end. Then, the imaging screen is used during measurement and exited when not measuring, so as to reduce the offset and attenuation of the laser beam, thereby obtaining better measurement values ​​and meeting the requirements of longer measurement lengths.

[0097] The above content is an explanation of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, which can help those skilled in the art to more fully understand the technical solutions of the present invention. However, these embodiments are merely illustrative, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation methods of the present invention are limited to the description of these embodiments. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions and transformations can be made, which should be deemed to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vacuum laser alignment monitoring system, comprising a laser emitting unit and a laser detection unit, characterized in that: It also includes a laser control unit and a vacuum forming unit; The laser detection unit includes a plurality of position detection modules, each of which includes a vacuum-sealed measuring point box and a beam position measuring device. The plurality of position detection modules are respectively fixed at different detection points of the object to be measured. The plurality of position detection modules are sequentially connected and sealed to form a linear cavity. The vacuum forming unit evacuates the linear cavity. The position detection module receives the laser detection signal from the laser control unit and uses the beam position measurement device to record the position of the detection point on the laser beam by means of an imaging screen in a vacuum-sealed measuring point box that enters and exits the optical path. The imaging screen is made of colored glass or colloid capable of producing a Tyndall effect, and the thickness of the imaging screen is greater than 1 mm. The laser control unit receives the laser detection signal for the nth measurement of the multiple detection points on the vacuum-sealed measurement point box relative to the laser beam between the laser emitting end and the laser receiving end, and calculates the actual displacement of the object to be measured by the difference between the relative displacement and the relative displacement corresponding to the initial measurement at the multiple detection points; the relative displacement includes a horizontal X relative displacement and a vertical Y relative displacement, and the beam position measuring device includes a first beam position measuring device and a second beam position measuring device; the first beam position measuring device is located at the top of the vacuum-sealed measurement point box, receives the laser detection signal, measures and records the horizontal X relative displacement, and the second beam position measuring device is located on the side of the vacuum-sealed measurement point box, receives the laser detection signal, measures and records the vertical Y relative displacement; The vacuum sealed measuring point box includes an imaging screen and a rotating component; the rotating component drives the imaging screen to rotate inside the vacuum sealed measuring point box, driving the imaging screen to rotate into or out of the optical path.

2. A vacuum laser alignment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser detection unit also includes an elastic part, a sealing flat crystal, and a measuring point box sealing plug. The vacuum sealing measuring point boxes in the multiple position detection modules are connected in sequence through the elastic part to form a straight channel with openings at both ends. The sealing flat crystal seals the front end of the straight channel, and the measuring point box sealing plug seals the end of the straight channel to form a straight cavity sealed at both ends. When the laser emitting unit is connected to the laser detection unit, the straight cavity has a laser emitting end and a laser receiving end.

3. A vacuum laser alignment monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The laser emitting end includes the laser emitting unit, the sealed flat crystal, or includes the laser emitting unit, the sealed flat crystal and the position detection module; the laser receiving end includes the measuring point box sealing plug, or includes the measuring point box sealing plug and the position detection module.

4. A vacuum laser alignment monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The laser emitting unit includes a laser light source, or a laser light source and a light source adjustment device that are separately provided from the position detection module.

5. The vacuum laser alignment monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic member includes an expansion joint and a vacuum pipeline. The expansion joint is connected to the vacuum-sealed measuring point box. When multiple detection points are displaced and / or the vacuum pipeline is thermally expanded or contracted, the elastic member adaptively extends or shortens to ensure that the vacuum-sealed measuring point box fits the part to be measured.

6. The vacuum laser alignment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum-sealed measuring point box is a box body with openings at both ends, and has holes on the top and sides of the box body. A transparent light window is installed at the position of the hole, and the light beam position measuring device is installed at the position of the transparent light window; the vacuum-sealed measuring point box also includes a box body and a measuring point box control module; the rotating component includes a motor and a rotating shaft, and the motor drives the imaging screen to rotate inside the vacuum-sealed measuring point box. The rotating shaft and the imaging screen are located inside the vacuum-sealed measuring point box, and the measuring point box control module is arranged on the side of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box, receives the laser detection signal, and causes the rotating component to drive the imaging screen to rotate.

7. A vacuum laser alignment monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The length and width of the imaging screen are both greater than the measurement range of the vacuum laser alignment monitoring system, so that the laser beam forms a laser beam image on the imaging screen.

8. A vacuum laser alignment monitoring system according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The laser detection signal includes the vacuum-sealed measuring point box serial number, a rotation-opening instruction, and a measurement instruction. The measuring point box control module of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box with the corresponding serial number receives the rotation-opening instruction in the laser detection signal, and the light beam position measuring device on the vacuum-sealed measuring point box with the corresponding serial number receives the measurement instruction in the laser detection signal.

9. The vacuum laser alignment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit calculates the actual displacement according to the triangulation method. The calculation formula for the actual displacement measured for the nth time is as follows: 。 10. A vacuum laser alignment monitoring method, characterized in that: Step 1: Multiple position detection modules are fixed at different detection points of the object to be measured, connected in sequence to form a linear cavity, and the linear cavity is vacuumed; Step 2: The position detection module receives the laser detection signal and uses a beam position measurement device to record the position of the detection point on the laser beam by entering and exiting the optical path through an imaging screen in a vacuum-sealed measuring point box. The imaging screen is colored glass or colloid that can produce a Tyndall effect and has a thickness greater than 1 mm. Step 3: The laser control unit receives the relative displacement of the laser beam between the laser emitting end and the laser receiving end of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box when the laser detection signal is measured for the nth time at multiple detection points. The actual displacement of the object to be measured is calculated by the difference between the relative displacement and the relative displacement corresponding to the initial measurement at the multiple detection points. The relative displacement includes the horizontal X relative displacement and the vertical Y relative displacement. The beam position measuring device includes a first beam position measuring device and a second beam position measuring device. The first beam position measuring device is located at the top of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box, receives the laser detection signal, measures and records the horizontal X relative displacement, and the second beam position measuring device is located on the side of the vacuum-sealed measuring point box, receives the laser detection signal, measures and records the vertical Y relative displacement. The vacuum sealed measuring point box includes an imaging screen and a rotating component; the rotating component drives the imaging screen to rotate inside the vacuum sealed measuring point box, driving the imaging screen to rotate into or out of the optical path.

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