Fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and discharge

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of fuel cell systems, and provides a fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release, which comprises an electrolytic hydrogen production system, a solid hydrogen storage and release system, a liquid hydrogen storage and release system and a fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system, the electrolytic hydrogen production system takes hydrogen generated by electrolysis as an energy carrier and inputs the hydrogen into the solid hydrogen storage and release system, and when the hydrogen desorption rate of the solid hydrogen storage and release system is not enough to meet the fuel cell requirement of the fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system, the fuel cell needs of the fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system; hydrogen released by the liquid hydrogen storage and release system and hydrogen released by the solid hydrogen storage and release system enter the fuel cell combined cooling heating and power supply system together, and the fuel cell combined cooling heating and power supply system supplies electric load and cold and heat load. The distributed energy supply system constructed based on renewable energy hydrogen production, polymorphic coupling hydrogen storage and the fuel cell system has the advantages of being high in efficiency, small in occupied area, high in adaptability, low in emission and the like, and the flexibility of the system can be remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of fuel cell systems, and in particular relates to a fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Wind and solar resources in renewable energy are widely distributed and abundant, so they are often combined with electrolyzers to produce hydrogen for energy storage. However, there are problems such as volatility and intermittency. Using them as a hydrogen supply source alone cannot maintain the long-term stable operation of fuel cells, and additional hydrogen storage devices are required. In addition, the amount of hydrogen produced may not be able to meet the demand for hydrogen in fuel cells.

[0004] As a zero-carbon clean energy, hydrogen energy is widely used in various life and industrial scenarios due to its pollution-free, wide source, and high energy density. Gaseous hydrogen storage has high storage pressure, large space, high compression energy consumption, and high pressure risk; solid hydrogen storage technology is less mature, has low mass hydrogen storage density, slow hydrogen charging and discharging rate, and poor rapid response capability; liquid hydrogen storage has high liquefaction energy consumption and static evaporation loss. Each hydrogen storage method has its specific application scenarios and limitations.

[0005] Fuel cells, especially proton exchange membrane fuel cells, can directly convert the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy and thermal energy. If the heat energy generated by the stack cannot be discharged in a timely and effective manner, it will greatly affect the working efficiency and service life of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and cause energy waste.

[0006] Fuel cell combined heat and power systems usually use high-pressure hydrogen as the sole hydrogen supply source, which is costly and unsafe. When coupled with a renewable energy hydrogen production system, a solid-state hydrogen storage system will be added. The single hydrogen storage method in the system will be subject to different restrictions due to region, time and user needs, affecting the performance of the energy supply system. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve at least one technical problem existing in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a fuel cell combined heat and power supply system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release, which utilizes the solid-liquid-gas coupled hydrogen storage and release technology of renewable energy, generates electricity through wind and light renewable energy, and uses an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen. The produced hydrogen can be directly supplied to the fuel cell, and the excess hydrogen can be stored in a solid hydrogen storage tank and released when necessary. At the same time, a liquid hydrogen storage and release device is added, which can release hydrogen when the hydrogen production cannot meet the hydrogen demand or the hydrogen supply rate of the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system cannot meet the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell, and hydrogen is supplied jointly through a three-way valve and the solid-state hydrogen storage and release part.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A fuel cell combined heat and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release, comprising an electrolysis hydrogen production system, a solid-state hydrogen storage and release system, a liquid hydrogen storage and release system and a fuel cell combined heat and power system;

[0010] The electrolysis hydrogen production system inputs the hydrogen generated by electrolysis as an energy carrier into the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system. When the hydrogen release rate of the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system is insufficient to meet the fuel cell demand of the fuel cell combined heat and power system, the hydrogen released by the liquid hydrogen storage and release system and the hydrogen released by the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system enter the fuel cell combined heat and power system together, and the electric load and the cold and hot loads are supplied by the fuel cell combined heat and power system.

[0011] As an implementation method, the electrolysis hydrogen production system includes a photovoltaic / wind power generation system, an electrolyzer and an oxygen tank;

[0012] The output end of the photovoltaic / wind power generation system is connected to an electrolyzer, and the electrolyzer is respectively connected to an oxygen tank and a solid-state hydrogen storage and release system;

[0013] The photovoltaic / wind power generation system generates hydrogen and oxygen through an electrolyzer using the electric energy generated by power generation, and uses the hydrogen generated by electrolysis as an energy carrier, which is input into a solid-state hydrogen storage and release system, while the oxygen generated by electrolysis is stored in an oxygen tank.

[0014] As an implementation mode, the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system includes a first filter, a second filter, a first pressure reducing valve, a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a first hydrogen buffer tank;

[0015] The hydrogen produced by the electrolytic hydrogen production system is filtered through the second filter and then input into the first hydrogen buffer tank under the control of the first pressure reducing valve; the excess hydrogen is filtered through the first filter and then stored in the solid hydrogen storage tank.

[0016] As an embodiment, a one-way valve is provided between the first pressure reducing valve and the first hydrogen buffer tank.

[0017] As an implementation mode, the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system is provided with a barometer, a safety valve and an air vent. The barometer is used to detect the air pressure in the pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system, and the safety valve and the air vent are used to adjust the air pressure in the pipeline so as not to exceed a set threshold.

[0018] As an implementation method, the liquid hydrogen storage and release system includes a liquid hydrogen tank, a variable density composite thermal insulation layer and a second hydrogen buffer tank;

[0019] The liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to one end of the variable density composite thermal insulation layer, the other end of the variable density composite thermal insulation layer is connected to one end of a second hydrogen buffer tank, and the other end of the second hydrogen buffer tank is connected to a fuel cell combined heat and power system.

[0020] As an implementation mode, the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system includes a fuel cell stack, an air compressor and an electric load supply module, and the electric load supply module includes a battery and a DC / AC converter;

[0021] The fuel cell stack generates electricity using hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage and release system and compressed air generated by air compressors. The generated direct current can be converted into alternating current through a DC / AC converter and supplied to users. When the power is sufficient, the excess electric energy is stored in the battery. When the power output is insufficient, the stored electric energy is transmitted to the user end through the DC / AC converter.

[0022] As an embodiment, the fuel cell combined heat and power system further includes a heat and cold load supply module, which includes a water pump, a third pressure reducing valve, a heat exchanger and an absorption refrigeration device; the water pump is connected to the first end of the heat exchanger after passing through the third pressure reducing valve, and the second end of the heat exchanger is respectively connected to the heat load supply end and the cold load supply end; an absorption refrigeration device is arranged between the heat exchanger and the cold load supply end;

[0023] When the cold water in the waste heat recovery system is pressurized by the water pump, it exchanges heat with the coolant in the fuel cell stack through the heat exchanger. The hot water after absorbing the waste heat of the fuel cell stack is supplied to the user to meet the heat load demand, and the cold load demand is met through the absorption refrigeration device.

[0024] As an implementation mode, the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system further includes a fourth pressure reducing valve and a coolant circulation pump;

[0025] The first end of the heat exchanger is connected to the coolant circulation pump through the fourth pressure reducing valve. The cooled fuel cell coolant passes through the coolant circulation pump into the fuel cell stack, absorbs waste heat, and maintains the fuel cell stack within a set operating temperature range.

[0026] As an embodiment, the fuel cell combined heat and power system also includes a heat exchange tower and a refrigerator. Excess air discharged from the fuel cell stack provides a heat source for the heat exchange tower to preheat the air and hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack. The exhaust gas with reduced temperature is cooled in the refrigerator and provides a cold source for the liquid hydrogen storage and release system.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] 1. The present invention proposes a fuel cell cogeneration system for solid, liquid and gaseous hydrogen storage and release based on renewable energy hydrogen production. The system utilizes abandoned wind and abandoned solar power to generate electricity, and stores this energy in the form of hydrogen through an electrolyzer. The hydrogen storage part couples solid hydrogen storage with gaseous hydrogen storage to achieve solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage and release, which not only solves the problems of high gaseous hydrogen storage pressure, high compression energy consumption and large floor space, but also solves the problems of slow solid-state hydrogen storage and release rate and poor dynamic response capability. In addition, a liquid hydrogen storage part is added to further improve the dynamic response performance of the system and the adaptability of the hydrogen storage and release system.

[0029] 2. The distributed energy supply system constructed based on renewable energy hydrogen production, polymorphic coupled hydrogen storage and fuel cell system of the present invention has the advantages of high efficiency, small footprint, strong adaptability and low emissions, which can significantly improve the flexibility of the system.

[0030] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell combined heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Among them, 1-photovoltaic / wind power generation system, 2-solid-state hydrogen storage tank, 3-first three-way valve, 4-first filter, 5-safety valve, 6-first barometer, 7-first pressure reducing valve, 8-first charging port, 9-check valve, 10-first hydrogen buffer tank, 11-second three-way valve, 12-second pressure reducing valve, 13-heat exchange tower, 14-battery, 15-DC / AC converter, 16-fuel cell stack, 17-absorption refrigeration device, 18-water pump, 19-third pressure reducing valve, 20-heat exchanger, 21-fourth pressure reducing valve, 22-coolant circulation pump, 23-refrigeration machine, 24-air compressor, 25-second hydrogen buffer tank, 26-variable density composite thermal insulation layer, 27-second barometer, 28-second filter, 29-second charging port, 30-electrolyzer, 31-oxygen tank, 32-liquid hydrogen storage tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0036] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0037] In the present invention, terms such as "fixed connection", "connected", "connection", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, indicating that it can be fixedly connected, integrally connected or detachably connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. Relevant scientific research or technical personnel in this field can determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific circumstances, and they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0038] The present invention proposes a technology for solid, liquid and gas coupled hydrogen storage and release utilizing renewable energy. By generating electricity through wind and solar renewable energy sources and producing hydrogen using an electrolyzer, the produced hydrogen can be directly supplied to a fuel cell, and excess hydrogen can be stored in a solid hydrogen storage tank and released when necessary. At the same time, a liquid hydrogen storage and release device is added to release hydrogen when the hydrogen production cannot meet the hydrogen demand or the hydrogen supply rate of the solid hydrogen storage and release system cannot meet the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell. Hydrogen is supplied jointly with the solid hydrogen storage and release part through a three-way valve, and then coupled with the hydrogen storage and release system and the fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system.

[0039] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of a fuel cell combined heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release is shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a fuel cell combined heat and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release, including an electrolysis hydrogen production system, a solid-state hydrogen storage and release system, a liquid hydrogen storage and release system, and a fuel cell combined heat and power system;

[0040] The electrolysis hydrogen production system inputs the hydrogen generated by electrolysis as an energy carrier into the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system. When the hydrogen release rate of the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system is insufficient to meet the fuel cell demand of the fuel cell combined heat and power system, the hydrogen released by the liquid hydrogen storage and release system and the hydrogen released by the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system enter the fuel cell combined heat and power system together, and the electric load and the cold and hot loads are supplied by the fuel cell combined heat and power system.

[0041] Through the above scheme, the system utilizes abandoned wind and solar power generation, and stores this energy in the form of hydrogen through the electrolyzer; the hydrogen storage part couples solid hydrogen storage with gaseous hydrogen storage to achieve solid and gaseous coupled hydrogen storage and release, which not only solves the problems of high gaseous hydrogen storage pressure, high compression energy consumption and large footprint, but also solves the problems of slow hydrogen release rate and poor dynamic response capability of solid hydrogen storage. In addition, the addition of a liquid hydrogen storage part further improves the dynamic response performance of the system and improves the adaptability of the hydrogen storage and release system.

[0042] The electrolytic hydrogen production system comprises a photovoltaic / wind power generation system 1, an electrolyzer 30 and an oxygen tank 31;

[0043] The output end of the photovoltaic / wind power generation system 1 is connected to the electrolyzer 30, and the electrolyzer 30 is respectively connected to the oxygen tank 31 and the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system;

[0044] With the rapid development of technologies such as solar and wind power generation and hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, it is possible to utilize abandoned solar and wind energy in remote areas to generate electricity, or utilize wind and solar energy available on the roofs of user buildings or surrounding open spaces to generate electricity. This part of electricity can be used to generate hydrogen and oxygen through the electrolyzer 30, and the hydrogen generated by electrolysis is used as an energy carrier and input into the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system, and the oxygen generated by electrolysis is stored in the oxygen tank 31.

[0045] The solid-state hydrogen storage and release system comprises a solid-state hydrogen storage tank 2, a first three-way valve 3, a first filter 4, a safety valve 5, a first barometer 6, a first pressure reducing valve 7, a first charging port 8, a one-way valve 9, a first hydrogen buffer tank 10, a second charging port 29, and a second filter 28;

[0046] One end of the second charging port 29 is connected to the electrolyzer 30, and the other end is connected to the second filter 28. The pipeline branch where the second filter 28 is located is connected to the pipeline branch where the first hydrogen buffer tank 10 and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 2 are located; the pipeline branch where the second filter 28 is located is the first pipeline branch, the branch where the first hydrogen buffer tank 10 is located is the second pipeline branch, and the pipeline branch where the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 2 is located is the third pipeline branch; the second filter 28 is connected to the first hydrogen buffer tank 10 through the second pipeline branch; the second filter 28 is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 2 through the third pipeline branch;

[0047] Specifically, the second pipeline branch includes a first pressure reducing valve 7, a first charging port 8, a one-way valve 9 and a first hydrogen buffer tank 10, wherein the output end of the first pressure reducing valve 7 is connected to the input end of the first charging port 8, the output end of the first charging port 8 is connected to one end of a hydrogen buffer tank 10 through the one-way valve 9, the other end of the hydrogen buffer tank 10 is connected to the first end of the second three-way valve 11, and enters the fuel cell combined heat and power system through the second three-way valve 11 for subsequent processing.

[0048] The third pipeline branch includes a first filter 4, a first three-way valve 3 and a solid hydrogen storage tank 2, one end of the first filter 4 is connected to the second filter 28, and the other end is connected to one end of the first three-way valve 3, and the other end of the first three-way valve 3 is connected to the solid hydrogen storage tank 2;

[0049] The hydrogen produced by the electrolytic hydrogen production system passes through the second charging port 29, is filtered by the second filter 28, and then is input into the first hydrogen buffer tank 10 under the control of the first pressure reducing valve 8;

[0050] A one-way valve 9 is provided between the first pressure reducing valve 8 and the first hydrogen buffer tank 10 to prevent hydrogen from flowing back. Due to the time-varying nature of the operation of the fuel cell, the hydrogen in the first hydrogen buffer tank 10 may not be consumed in time. To avoid excessive pressure, excess hydrogen can be stored in the solid hydrogen storage tank 2 and released when needed.

[0051] The solid-state hydrogen storage and release system further includes a first barometer 6 and a second barometer 27, wherein the first barometer 6 is disposed at the end of the first pipeline branch, and the second barometer 27 is disposed at the starting end of the second pipeline branch, and the first barometer 6 is used to detect the internal air pressure of the first pipeline, and the second barometer 6 is used to detect the internal air pressure of the second pipeline;

[0052] At the same time, a safety valve 5 and an air release port are arranged at the starting end of the third pipeline branch to control the pressure in the system pipeline not to exceed the specified value, thereby protecting the safe operation of the equipment.

[0053] The liquid hydrogen storage and release system includes a second hydrogen buffer tank 25, a variable density composite thermal insulation layer 26 and a liquid hydrogen storage tank 32;

[0054] The second hydrogen buffer tank 25 is connected to one end of the variable density composite thermal insulation layer 26 , the other end of the variable density composite thermal insulation layer 26 is connected to one end of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 32 , and the other end of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 32 is connected to the second end of the second three-way valve 11 .

[0055] The liquid hydrogen storage and release system serves as a backup hydrogen storage and release system. When the hydrogen release rate of the solid hydrogen storage and release system is insufficient to meet the needs of the fuel cell, the hydrogen released from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 32 in the system enters the second hydrogen buffer tank 26 and enters the fuel cell combined heat and power system via the second three-way valve 11 for subsequent processing.

[0056] The solid-state hydrogen storage and release system and the liquid hydrogen storage and release system are coupled with the fuel cell combined heat and power system. The electricity generated by the fuel cell can be directly provided to the user through the DC / AC converter according to the user's electrical load demand, or the excess electricity can be stored in the battery. When the user's electrical load demand is large and the fuel cell alone cannot meet the demand, the electricity is released through the DC / AC converter; the exhaust gas of the fuel cell will also carry part of the residual heat of the battery stack, which can be used as a heat source to provide heat for the heat exchange tower, preheat the inlet air and hydrogen, and then provide a cold source for the liquid hydrogen storage and release system through the refrigeration device to maintain the low temperature state of the liquid hydrogen storage and release device; the cold water at the user end exchanges heat with the fuel cell coolant through an external heat exchanger, takes away the redundant heat energy, and provides this part of the energy to the user to meet its heat load demand. At the same time, the addition of a refrigeration device can meet the user's cold load demand at the same time, realizing combined heat and power.

[0057] The fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system comprises a fuel cell stack 16, an electric load supply module, and a cooling and heating load supply module;

[0058] Wherein, the electric load supply module, the heat load supply module and the cold load supply module are respectively connected to the fuel cell stack 16;

[0059] The electric load supply module includes a battery 14 and a DC / AC converter 15. The fuel cell stack 16 generates electricity using the hydrogen in the first hydrogen tank buffer tank 10 and the second hydrogen buffer tank 25 and the compressed air generated by the air compressor 24. The generated direct current can be converted into alternating current through the DC / AC converter 15 to supply users to meet their electric load requirements. When the power is sufficient, the excess electric energy can be stored in the battery 14. When the power output is insufficient, the stored electric energy can be delivered to the user through the DC / AC converter 15.

[0060] The cold and hot load supply module includes a water pump 18, a heat exchanger 20 and an absorption refrigeration device 17; the water pump 18 is connected to the first end of the heat exchanger 20 after passing through a third pressure reducing valve 19, and the second end of the heat exchanger 20 is connected to the hot load supply end and the cold load supply end respectively; the absorption refrigeration device 17 is arranged between the heat exchanger 20 and the cold load supply end;

[0061] When the cold water in the waste heat recovery system is pressurized by the water pump 18, it exchanges heat with the coolant in the fuel cell stack 16 through the heat exchanger 20. The hot water after absorbing the waste heat of the fuel cell stack 16 can be supplied to the user to meet the heat load demand, and can also meet the user's cold load demand through the absorption refrigeration device 17.

[0062] The first end of the heat exchanger 20 is also connected to the coolant circulation pump 22 through the fourth pressure reducing valve 21. The cooled fuel cell coolant passes through the coolant circulation pump 22 and enters the fuel cell stack 16 to absorb waste heat, so that the fuel cell stack 16 is maintained at a suitable operating temperature.

[0063] The fuel cell combined heat and power system also includes a heat exchange tower 13, a second pressure reducing valve 12, and a refrigerator 23; the second pressure reducing valve 12 is arranged between the heat exchange tower 13 and the second three-way valve; the excess air in the fuel cell stack 16 will also carry some waste heat when discharged. In order to make full use of the waste heat and improve the energy efficiency of the combined power system, this part of the excess air can be used to provide a heat source for the heat exchange tower 13 to preheat the air and hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack 16. The exhaust gas after the temperature is reduced can be cooled in the refrigerator 23 to provide a cold source for the liquid hydrogen storage and release system, thereby maintaining the low temperature environment required for liquid hydrogen storage.

[0064] Through the above scheme, the distributed energy supply system constructed based on renewable energy hydrogen production, polymorphic coupled hydrogen storage and fuel cell system has the advantages of high efficiency, small footprint, strong adaptability and low emissions, which can significantly improve the flexibility of the system.

[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell combined heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release, characterized in that: Including electrolysis hydrogen production system, solid hydrogen storage and release system, liquid hydrogen storage and release system and fuel cell combined heat and power system; The electrolysis hydrogen production system inputs the hydrogen generated by electrolysis as an energy carrier into the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system. When the hydrogen release rate of the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system is insufficient to meet the fuel cell demand of the fuel cell combined heat and power system, the hydrogen released by the liquid hydrogen storage and release system and the hydrogen released by the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system enter the fuel cell combined heat and power system together, and the electric load and the cold and hot loads are supplied by the fuel cell combined heat and power system.

2. A fuel cell combined heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolytic hydrogen production system includes a photovoltaic / wind power generation system, an electrolyzer and an oxygen tank; The output end of the photovoltaic / wind power generation system is connected to an electrolyzer, and the electrolyzer is respectively connected to an oxygen tank and a solid-state hydrogen storage and release system; The photovoltaic / wind power generation system generates hydrogen and oxygen through an electrolyzer using the electric energy generated by power generation, and uses the hydrogen generated by electrolysis as an energy carrier, which is input into a solid-state hydrogen storage and release system, while the oxygen generated by electrolysis is stored in an oxygen tank.

3. A fuel cell combined heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage and degassing system comprises a first filter, a second filter, a first pressure reducing valve, a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a first hydrogen buffer tank; The hydrogen produced by the electrolytic hydrogen production system is filtered through the second filter and then input into the first hydrogen buffer tank under the control of the first pressure reducing valve; the excess hydrogen is filtered through the first filter and then stored in the solid hydrogen storage tank.

4. A fuel cell combined heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A one-way valve is provided between the first pressure reducing valve and the first hydrogen buffer tank.

5. A fuel cell combined heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage and release system is provided with a barometer, a safety valve and an air vent. The barometer is used to detect the air pressure in the pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage and release system, and the safety valve and the air vent are used to adjust the pipeline so as not to exceed a set threshold.

6. A fuel cell combined heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen storage and release system comprises a liquid hydrogen tank, a variable density composite thermal insulation layer and a second hydrogen buffer tank; The liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to one end of the variable density composite thermal insulation layer, the other end of the variable density composite thermal insulation layer is connected to one end of a second hydrogen buffer tank, and the other end of the second hydrogen buffer tank is connected to a fuel cell combined heat and power system.

7. A fuel cell combined heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system comprises a fuel cell stack, an air compressor and an electric load supply module, wherein the electric load supply module comprises a battery and a DC / AC converter; The fuel cell stack generates electricity using hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage and release system and compressed air generated by air compressors. The generated direct current can be converted into alternating current through a DC / AC converter and supplied to users. When the power is sufficient, the excess electric energy is stored in the battery. When the power output is insufficient, the stored electric energy is transmitted to the user end through the DC / AC converter.

8. A fuel cell combined heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The fuel cell combined heat and power system further comprises a heat and cold load supply module, which comprises a water pump, a third pressure reducing valve, a heat exchanger and an absorption refrigeration device; the water pump is connected to the first end of the heat exchanger after passing through the third pressure reducing valve, and the second end of the heat exchanger is respectively connected to the heat load supply end and the cold load supply end; an absorption refrigeration device is arranged between the heat exchanger and the cold load supply end; When the cold water in the waste heat recovery system is pressurized by the water pump, it exchanges heat with the coolant in the fuel cell stack through the heat exchanger. The hot water after absorbing the waste heat of the fuel cell stack is supplied to the user to meet the heat load demand, and the cold load demand is met through the absorption refrigeration device.

9. A fuel cell combined heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system also includes a fourth pressure reducing valve and a coolant circulation pump; The first end of the heat exchanger is connected to the coolant circulation pump through the fourth pressure reducing valve. The cooled fuel cell coolant passes through the coolant circulation pump into the fuel cell stack, absorbs waste heat, and maintains the fuel cell stack within a set operating temperature range.

10. A fuel cell combined heating and power system based on solid-liquid-gas three-state hydrogen storage and release as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The fuel cell combined heat and power system also includes a heat exchange tower and a refrigerator. Excess air discharged from the fuel cell stack provides a heat source for the heat exchange tower to preheat the air and hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack. The exhaust gas with reduced temperature is cooled in the refrigerator to provide a cold source for the liquid hydrogen storage and release system.

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