Solar cell, solar cell module and electric device

Abstract

The invention provides a solar cell, a solar cell module and a power utilization device, and the solar cell comprises a photoelectric conversion layer which comprises perovskite type compound crystal particles and a water absorption material. The solar cell module can prolong the service life of the solar cell device. When water in an external environment including the atmosphere enters the photoelectric conversion layer of the solar cell, the water absorption material absorbs the water, and at least reduces the influence of the water on the perovskite compound, thereby protecting the perovskite compound crystal particles, facilitating the photoelectric conversion of the perovskite compound crystal particles, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. And the power generation stability of the solar cell is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cell devices, and in particular to a solar cell, a solar cell assembly and an electrical device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of recycled and renewable energy, solar cell devices are widely used due to their green and environmentally friendly features and the ability to output electrical energy when exposed to sunlight.

[0003] With the development of technology, how to improve the stability and service life of solar cell devices has become a key research direction. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a solar cell, which can improve the influence of moisture in the external environment including the atmosphere on the power generation of the solar cell, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell. The present application also aims to provide a solar cell assembly and an electrical device including the solar cell, thereby improving the power generation stability.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell, comprising:

[0006] The photoelectric conversion layer comprises perovskite compound crystal particles and water absorbing material.

[0007] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the photoelectric conversion layer includes perovskite compound crystal particles and water-absorbing materials, and the water-absorbing materials can be dispersed between the perovskite compound crystal particles, or dispersed at the edge of the photoelectric conversion layer in contact with the outside world, and there is no restriction here. Moisture in the external environment including the atmosphere enters the photoelectric conversion layer of the solar cell, and the water-absorbing material absorbs the moisture, at least reducing the impact of moisture on the perovskite compound, thereby protecting the perovskite compound crystal particles, which is conducive to the perovskite compound crystal particles to achieve photoelectric conversion and improve the stability of the power generation of the solar cell.

[0008] Furthermore, moisture in the external environment, including the atmosphere, enters the photoelectric conversion layer of the solar cell, and the water-absorbing material absorbs the moisture, reducing the degradation effect of moisture on the perovskite compound, thereby protecting the perovskite compound crystal particles and increasing the service life of the solar cell.

[0009] In the related art, there are some defects between the crystal particles of the perovskite compound, resulting in a trace amount of oxygen remaining between the crystal particles of the perovskite compound. When water enters the crystal particles of the perovskite compound, the water and oxygen work together to accelerate the degradation of the perovskite compound. When the water-absorbing material exists between the crystal particles of the perovskite compound, it avoids the residual oxygen in the tiny gaps between the crystal particles of the perovskite compound, occupies the gaps between the crystal particles, and thus protects the crystal particles of the perovskite compound to a certain extent.

[0010] In addition, when sunlight enters the photoelectric conversion layer containing perovskite compound crystal particles and water-absorbing materials, due to the presence of the water-absorbing materials, the light is reflected and / or scattered between the perovskite compound crystal particles and the water-absorbing materials, and the light paths in the photoelectric conversion layer are increased, thereby improving the probability of light utilization, thereby also increasing the current of the solar cell containing perovskite compound crystal particles and water-absorbing materials, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0011] In any embodiment of the present application, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a water-absorbing material having a mass content of 0.01% to 0.5% based on the total mass of the photoelectric conversion layer. The photoelectric conversion layer comprises the water-absorbing material having the above mass content, which is conducive to absorbing water that enters the interior of the solar cell and is close to the perovskite compound crystal particles.

[0012] In any embodiment of the present application, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a water-absorbing material having a mass content of 0.05% to 0.3% based on the total mass of the photoelectric conversion layer. The photoelectric conversion layer comprises the water-absorbing material having the above mass content, and further absorbs moisture entering the interior of the solar cell while taking into account the absorption of light.

[0013] In any embodiment of the present application, at least a portion of the surfaces of the perovskite compound crystal particles are in contact with the water-absorbing material.

[0014] In any embodiment of the present application, the volume ratio of the water-absorbing material to the perovskite compound crystal particles is 1: (20-100). When the volume ratio of the water-absorbing material to the perovskite compound crystal particles is within the above range, the water-absorbing material is dispersed between the perovskite compound crystal particles; when there is water between the perovskite compound crystal particles, the water can be absorbed, thereby improving the stability of power generation of the solar cell.

[0015] In any embodiment of the present application, at least part of the perovskite compound crystal particles are wrapped by a coating layer formed by a water-absorbing material. The coating layer formed by the water-absorbing material wraps part of the perovskite compound crystal particles, which can effectively isolate the contact between water and the perovskite compound crystal particles, and prevent water from entering between the perovskite compound crystal particles from the coating layer, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the power generation of the solar cell, increasing the current of the solar cell, and thus helping to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0016] In any embodiment of the present application, the coating layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 50 nm. When the coating layer has a thickness within the above range, it is beneficial to promote carrier transport between perovskite compound crystal particles, and also beneficial to the transport of carriers / electrons between the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer that the photoelectric conversion layer contacts respectively.

[0017] In any embodiment of the present application, the water-absorbing material includes at least one of inorganic water-absorbing particles and organic water-absorbing materials or a combination thereof;

[0018] In any embodiment of the present application, the inorganic water-absorbing particles include one or more of aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, cobalt chloride, and cobalt oxide;

[0019] In any embodiment of the present application, the organic water-absorbing material includes one or more of 2-hydroxyethylamine, polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, methacryloyl hyaluronic acid, acrylonitrile grafted modified starch, phosphated starch, carboxymethylated starch, acrylic acid grafted modified starch, acrylamide grafted modified starch, carboxymethylated cellulose, hydroxypropylated cellulose, acrylamide grafted modified cellulose, and acrylic acid grafted modified cellulose.

[0020] In any embodiment of the present application, the average particle size Dn50 of the inorganic water-absorbing particles is less than or equal to 20 nm. The average particle size Dn50 of the inorganic water-absorbing particles is within the above range, which is conducive to being present in the gaps between the perovskite compound crystal particles, thereby absorbing the moisture between the perovskite compound crystal particles and improving the overall performance of the solar cell.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a solar cell module, comprising the solar cell of the first aspect. The solar cell module comprising the solar cell can achieve improved stability.

[0022] In a third aspect, the present application provides an electrical device, comprising the solar cell assembly of the second aspect, the solar cell assembly is used to provide electrical energy. The electrical device including the solar cell can obtain improved stability.

[0023] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. Moreover, the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a solar cell provided in one embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photoelectric conversion layer in a solar cell provided in one embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a photoelectric conversion layer in a solar cell provided in yet another embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0028] The reference numerals in the specific implementation manner are as follows:

[0029] 10- Solar cell;

[0030] 11- a first electrode layer;

[0031] 12- second electrode layer;

[0032] 13-a first carrier transport layer;

[0033] 14- a second carrier transport layer;

[0034] 15-photoelectric conversion layer, 151-perovskite compound crystal particles, 152-water absorbing material.

[0035] The drawings in this application are not necessarily drawn to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0039] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0040] If there is no special explanation, the "include" and "comprising" mentioned in this application represent open-ended or closed-ended expressions. For example, the "include" and "comprising" may represent that other components not listed may also be included or only the listed components may be included or only the listed components may be included.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0042] If not specifically stated, in this application, the term "or" is inclusive. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B". More specifically, any of the following conditions satisfies the condition "A or B": A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two), similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two). The term "several" in the present application refers to more than two (including two).

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by technical terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", and "circumferential" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] A solar cell is a device that directly converts light energy into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect or photochemical reaction. Examples of solar cells include perovskite solar cells, which are solar cells that use perovskite compound semiconductors as light-absorbing materials and belong to the third generation of solar cells.

[0047] Perovskite solar cells use perovskite compounds to absorb photons to generate electron-hole pairs, which are then separated into free carriers. The free carriers generated are then transported out by transport layer materials to achieve photoelectric conversion.

[0048] Solar cell modules include solar cells, which are usually installed on buildings or outdoor land to convert the energy of sunlight incident on its surface into electrical energy. Since solar cell modules are installed outdoors, they are affected by environmental factors (such as moisture, oxygen, etc.), especially solar cells containing perovskite compounds, which decompose under water and oxygen conditions, resulting in a shortened service life of the solar cell.

[0049] When solar cells are in a humid environment, moisture will inevitably pass through the external encapsulation layer of the solar cell, and at least part of it will come into contact with the perovskite compound inside the cell, accelerating the degradation of the perovskite compound and ultimately affecting the performance of the solar cell containing the perovskite compound.

[0050] In view of this, the present application provides a solar cell that can effectively improve the effect of moisture on perovskite compounds, so that the solar cell containing the perovskite compound can generate electricity stably and improve its service life.

[0051] Solar Cells

[0052] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell, comprising:

[0053] The photoelectric conversion layer comprises perovskite compound crystal particles and water absorbing material.

[0054] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the photoelectric conversion layer includes perovskite compound crystal particles and water-absorbing materials, and the water-absorbing materials can be dispersed between the perovskite compound crystal particles, or dispersed at the edge of the photoelectric conversion layer in contact with the outside world, and there is no restriction here. Moisture in the external environment including the atmosphere enters the photoelectric conversion layer of the solar cell, and the water-absorbing material absorbs the moisture, at least reducing the impact of moisture on the perovskite compound, thereby protecting the perovskite compound crystal particles, which is conducive to the perovskite compound crystal particles to achieve photoelectric conversion and improve the stability of the power generation of the solar cell.

[0055] Furthermore, moisture in the external environment, including the atmosphere, enters the photoelectric conversion layer of the solar cell, and the water-absorbing material absorbs the moisture, reducing the degradation effect of moisture on the perovskite compound, thereby protecting the perovskite compound crystal particles and increasing the service life of the solar cell.

[0056] In the related art, there are some defects between the crystal particles of the perovskite compound, resulting in a trace amount of oxygen remaining between the crystal particles of the perovskite compound. When water enters the crystal particles of the perovskite compound, the water and oxygen work together to accelerate the degradation of the perovskite compound. When the water-absorbing material exists between the crystal particles of the perovskite compound, it avoids the residual oxygen in the tiny gaps between the crystal particles of the perovskite compound, occupies the gaps between the crystal particles, and thus protects the crystal particles of the perovskite compound to a certain extent.

[0057] In addition, when sunlight enters the photoelectric conversion layer containing perovskite compound crystal particles and water-absorbing materials, due to the presence of the water-absorbing materials, the light is reflected and / or scattered between the perovskite compound crystal particles and the water-absorbing materials, and the light paths in the photoelectric conversion layer are increased, thereby improving the probability of light utilization, thereby also increasing the current of the solar cell containing perovskite compound crystal particles and water-absorbing materials, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0058] According to the embodiments of the present application, the absorbent material can be understood as a material that can absorb a large amount of water and retain the water from flowing out.

[0059] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises perovskite compound crystal particles shown in the general formula ABX3, wherein A is an organic cation, B is a metal cation, and X is a halogen anion or SCN-. In some embodiments, the halogen X includes at least one of chlorine, bromine and iodine. Perovskite compounds with different halogen ions have different band gaps, and the band gap of the perovskite compound with halogen ions I- is the smallest (generally about 1.5 electron volts), and the band gap of the perovskite material with halogen ions Cl- is the largest (generally 1.5-3 electron volts, optionally 1.20-2.30 eV, optionally about 3 electron volts). The band gap measurement method is to test the prepared perovskite film by ultraviolet absorption spectrum to obtain an ultraviolet absorption curve, and then calculate the perovskite band gap by the Tauc equation. Furthermore, the perovskite compound may contain two mixed halogen ions, and the mixing ratio may be continuously adjusted, so the band gap of the perovskite compound may be continuously adjusted within the range of 1.5-3 electron volts, corresponding to the wavelength range of the light that can be absorbed being about 414-820 nanometers, which basically covers the entire visible light spectrum. Carriers are generated in the photoelectric conversion layer. In some embodiments, the thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer is 400-1000 nm.

[0060] For example: A in ABX3 can include CH3NH 3+ and HC(NH2) 2+ In other words, A can be CH3NH 3 + 、HC(NH2) 2+ Or a mixture of the two in any proportion. It is understood that A may also include metal ions, such as Cs + , Rb + and K + At least one of them.

[0061] For example: B in ABX3 can be pb 2+ Sn 2+ and Ge 2+ At least one of them.

[0062] For example, ABX3 can be CH3NH3PbI3; CH3NH3SnI3; CH3NH3PbI2 Cl; CH3NH3 PbI2Br; CH3NH3Pb(I 1-x Br x )3(where 0<x<1) and so on.

[0063] In some embodiments, the organic cation A includes at least one of an optionally substituted ammonium ion.

[0064] In some embodiments, examples of optionally substituted ammonium ions include alkylammonium ions, such as methylammonium ions, ethylammonium ions, propylammonium ions, butylammonium ions, pentylammonium ions, hexylammonium ions; amidinium ions, such as formamidinium ions; or imidazolium ions.

[0065] In some embodiments, the metal in the metal cation B includes at least one of lead (Pb), cesium (Cs), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), indium (In), aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and europium (Eu). B in the general formula ABX3 is selected from the above metal cations, which can help improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion layer.

[0066] In some optional embodiments, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a water-absorbing material in an amount of 0.01% to 0.5% by mass based on the total mass of the photoelectric conversion layer.

[0067] According to the embodiment of the present application, the photoelectric conversion layer contains the water-absorbing material of the above mass content, which is conducive to the absorption of water entering the interior of the solar cell and close to the perovskite compound crystal particles. When the mass content of the water-absorbing material exceeds 0.5%, it may affect the absorption of light to a certain extent, reduce the absorbance, and thus affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell; when the mass content of the water-absorbing material is less than 0.01%, the effect of absorbing water entering the interior of the solar cell or close to the perovskite compound crystal particles is weak, which is not conducive to protecting the perovskite compound crystal particles.

[0068] According to the embodiment of the present application, the mass determination method of the water-absorbing material in the photoelectric conversion layer can adopt the method commonly used in the art. As an example, the weight of the photoelectric conversion layer can be obtained by taking the weight of part or all of the photoelectric conversion layer. The mass determination method of the water-absorbing material in the above-mentioned photoelectric conversion layer sample includes X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the element ratio, and then the mass determination method of the water-absorbing material includes isotope quantitative tracking method and XPS measurement, etc., and the mass content of the water-absorbing material in the photoelectric conversion layer can be obtained by calculation.

[0069] In some optional embodiments, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a water-absorbing material having a mass content of 0.05% to 0.3% based on the total mass of the photoelectric conversion layer. According to an embodiment of the present application, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises the water-absorbing material having the above mass content, and further absorbs moisture entering the interior of the solar cell while taking into account the absorption of light.

[0070] In some optional embodiments, at least a portion of the surfaces of the perovskite compound crystal particles are in contact with the water absorbing material.

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present application, the water-absorbing material can be dispersed between the perovskite compound grains and contact at least two adjacent perovskite compound grains. In this case, the perovskite compound crystal particles with which the water-absorbing material contacts avoid the accumulation of external moisture at defective grain boundaries or pores, and the water-absorbing material absorbs moisture between the perovskite compound crystal particles.

[0072] According to the embodiment of the present application, the water-absorbing material can be dispersed at the edge of the photoelectric conversion layer that is in contact with the outside world. In this case, the water-absorbing material is in contact with at least part of the perovskite compound crystal particles located at the edge of the photoelectric conversion layer, which can prevent moisture from entering the interior and effectively protect the perovskite compound, thereby improving the stability of power generation of the solar cell and increasing the current of the solar cell, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0073] In some optional embodiments, the volume ratio of the water-absorbing material to the perovskite compound crystal particles is 1:(20-100).

[0074] Method for determining the volume ratio of water-absorbing material to perovskite compound crystal particles: confirm the area ratio of perovskite grains to water-absorbing material based on SEM planar results, then confirm the longitudinal area ratio with the help of SEM cross-sectional images, and roughly determine the volume ratio with the product.

[0075] According to an embodiment of the present application, when the volume ratio of the water-absorbing material to the perovskite compound crystal particles is within the above range, the water-absorbing material is dispersed between the perovskite compound crystal particles; when there is moisture between the perovskite compound crystal particles, the water-absorbing material can absorb the moisture, thereby improving the stability of power generation of the solar cell.

[0076] When the volume ratio of the water-absorbing material to the perovskite compound crystal particles is greater than 1:20, the volume proportion of the water-absorbing material is relatively large, which may affect the absorption of light to a certain extent, reduce the absorbance, and thus affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell; when the volume ratio of the water-absorbing material to the perovskite compound crystal particles is less than 1:100, the volume proportion of the water-absorbing material is relatively small, and the effect of absorbing moisture entering the interior of the solar cell or near the perovskite compound crystal particles is weak, which is not conducive to protecting the perovskite compound crystal particles.

[0077] In some optional embodiments, at least some of the perovskite compound crystal particles are wrapped by a coating layer formed by a water-absorbing material. According to the embodiment of the present application, the coating layer formed by the water-absorbing material wraps some of the perovskite compound crystal particles, which can effectively isolate the contact between water and the perovskite compound crystal particles, and prevent water from entering between the perovskite compound crystal particles from the coating layer, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the power generation of the solar cell, increasing the current of the solar cell, and thus helping to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0078] In some optional embodiments, the coating layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 50 nm. According to the embodiment of the present application, when the coating layer has a thickness within the above range, it is beneficial to promote carrier transport between perovskite compound crystal particles, and also beneficial to the transport of carriers / electrons between the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer that the photoelectric conversion layer contacts respectively.

[0079] In some optional embodiments, the thickness ratio of the coating layer to the photoelectric conversion layer is 1:(10-200).

[0080] In some optional embodiments, the water-absorbing material includes at least one of inorganic water-absorbing particles and organic water-absorbing materials, or a combination thereof.

[0081] In some optional embodiments, the inorganic water-absorbing particles include one or more of aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, cobalt chloride, and cobalt oxide.

[0082] In any embodiment of the present application, according to the embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned inorganic particles can achieve the adsorption effect of moisture in the photoelectric conversion layer. As an example, the water-absorbing material includes calcium chloride. Calcium chloride releases heat when absorbing water, which may cause a tiny volume expansion at the microscopic level, further improving the contact degree of the photoelectric conversion layer; the released heat is beneficial to the film-forming effect of the photoelectric conversion layer, making the film more uniform, and is beneficial to improving the energy conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion layer.

[0083] In some optional embodiments, the organic water-absorbing material includes one or more of 2-hydroxyethylamine, polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, methacryloyl hyaluronic acid, acrylonitrile grafted modified starch, phosphated starch, carboxymethylated starch, acrylic acid grafted modified starch, acrylamide grafted modified starch, carboxymethylated cellulose, hydroxypropylated cellulose, acrylamide grafted modified cellulose, and acrylic acid grafted modified cellulose.

[0084] 2-Hydroxyethylamine, also known as ethanolamine, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C2H7NO.

[0085] According to the embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned organic particles can achieve the effect of adsorbing moisture in the photoelectric conversion layer, thereby avoiding affecting the performance of the solar cell that protects the perovskite compound crystal particles.

[0086] In some optional embodiments, the average particle size Dn50 of the inorganic water-absorbing particles is less than or equal to 20 nm.

[0087] According to the embodiment of the present application, the average particle size Dn50 of the above-mentioned inorganic water-absorbing particles is within the above-mentioned range, which is conducive to existing in the gaps between the perovskite compound crystal particles, thereby absorbing moisture between the perovskite compound crystal particles and improving the comprehensive performance of the solar cell.

[0088] According to the embodiment of the present application, the term "average particle size Dn50" means the particle size at which the cumulative distribution of particles is 50% based on the number distribution; that is, the number of particles smaller than this particle size accounts for 50% of the total number of all particles. It can be measured using instruments and methods known in the art. As an example, the particle size statistics of the inorganic water-absorbing particles in the cross section of the photoelectric conversion layer can be performed under a scanning electron microscope, and the above particle size statistics can be performed using relevant software.

[0089] Average particle size Dn50 of the inorganic water-absorbing particles = the number of inorganic particles in the size range in the corresponding SEM image / the number of all inorganic particles in the corresponding SEM image × 100%.

[0090] Reference below Figure 1 The embodiment of the solar cell according to the first aspect of the present application is described. Figure 1 As shown, the solar cell 10 includes the following structures stacked in sequence: a first electrode layer 11 ; a first carrier transport layer 13 ; a photoelectric conversion layer 15 ; a second carrier transport layer 14 ; and a second electrode layer 12 .

[0091] Reference below Figure 2 The embodiment of a top view of a photoelectric conversion layer in a solar cell according to the first aspect of the present application is described. Figure 2 As shown, the photoelectric conversion layer 15 includes perovskite compound crystal particles 151 and a water-absorbing material 152 dispersed between the perovskite compound crystal particles.

[0092] In some optional embodiments, the first electrode layer 11 can be used as a cathode of the solar cell 10 in a charging state, or as an anode of the solar cell 10 in a discharging state. For the convenience of explanation, the following embodiments are described with the first electrode layer 11 in a charging state as an anode.

[0093] It can be understood that: the first electrode layer 11 is an anode, and the second electrode layer 12 is a cathode, and the first electrode 11 is close to the substrate, and the second electrode layer 12 is close to the cover plate. In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the first electrode layer 11 as an anode and the second electrode layer 12 as a cathode is not particularly limited, and can be any one or more materials for constituting an anode and a cathode well known in the art. The materials of the first electrode layer 11 and the second electrode layer 12 are also related.

[0094] In some optional embodiments, the first electrode layer 11 may be made of a conductor, and the conductor has a high work function to promote the formation of holes. Exemplarily, the conductor may be a metal, a metal oxide and / or a conductive polymer.

[0095] Exemplarily, the first electrode layer 11 may be made of metal, for example, the material of the first electrode layer 11 includes at least one of nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gold (Au), silver (Ag) or alloys thereof. The first electrode layer 11 may also be made of metal oxides, for example, the material of the first electrode layer 11 includes at least one of zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In2O3), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), nickel oxide (NiO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO) and gallium zinc oxide (GZO). The first electrode layer 11 may also be made of a conductive polymer, for example, the material of the first electrode layer 11 includes at least one of poly (3-methylthiophene), poly (3,4- (ethylene-1,2-dioxy) thiophene) (PEDOT), polypyrrole and polyaniline.

[0096] In an embodiment of the present application, the second electrode layer 12 may also be made of a conductor, and the conductor has a lower work function to facilitate the injection of electrons. Exemplarily, the material of the second electrode layer 12 includes at least one of copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), chromium (Cr), bismuth (Bi), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W) or their alloys, carbon (C), graphene, carbon nanotubes, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO) and gallium zinc oxide (GZO).

[0097] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a first carrier transport layer 13 and a second carrier transport layer 14 disposed on both sides of the photoelectric conversion layer 15. The first carrier transport layer 13 and the second carrier transport layer 14 are disposed in a related manner.

[0098] The carrier selectivity corresponding to the first carrier transport layer 13 and the second carrier transport layer 14 is opposite. If the first carrier transport layer 13 has electron selectivity and the second carrier transport layer 14 has hole selectivity, after the photoelectric conversion layer 15 absorbs sunlight and generates carriers, the electrons in the carriers are selected by the first carrier transport layer 13 and transported to the first electrode layer 11, and then collected by the first electrode layer 11, and the holes after losing the electrons are selected by the second carrier transport layer 15 and their electrical properties are transmitted to the second electrode layer 12, and then collected by the second electrode layer 12, thereby realizing the separation of carriers in the perovskite compound in the photoelectric conversion layer 15.

[0099] If the first carrier transport layer 13 has hole selectivity and the second carrier transport layer 14 has electron selectivity, then after the photoelectric conversion layer 15 absorbs sunlight and generates carriers, the holes that lose electrons are selected by the first carrier transport layer 13 and their electrical properties are transmitted to the first electrode layer 11, and then collected by the first electrode layer 11, and the electrons in the carriers are selected by the second carrier transport layer 30 and transmitted to the second electrode layer 12, and then collected by the second electrode layer 12, thereby realizing the separation of carriers in the photoelectric conversion layer 15.

[0100] Furthermore, the first carrier transport layer 13 is arranged on the light-facing surface of the photoelectric conversion layer 15, and the second carrier transport layer 14 is arranged on the backlight surface of the photoelectric conversion layer 15, and the carrier selectivities corresponding to the first carrier transport layer 13 and the second carrier transport layer 15 are opposite, and the first electrode layer 11 is arranged on the side of the first carrier transport layer 13 away from the photoelectric conversion layer 15, and the second electrode layer 12 is arranged on the side of the second carrier transport layer 14 away from the photoelectric conversion layer 15, and the second electrode layer 12 and the second carrier transport layer 14 are electrically connected.

[0101] According to the embodiment of the present application, the first carrier transport layer 13 and the second carrier transport layer 14 may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, respectively.

[0102] In some optional embodiments, the material of the first carrier transport layer 13 or the second carrier transport layer 14 with electron selectivity includes one or more of imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerenes and their derivatives, first metal oxides, silicon oxide, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, lithium fluoride and calcium fluoride, wherein the metal elements in the first metal oxide include one or more of Mg, Cd, Zn, In, Pb, W, Sb, Bi, Hg, Ti, Ag, Mn, Fe, V, Sn, Zr, Sr, Ga and Cr.

[0103] In some optional embodiments, the material of the first carrier transport layer 13 or the second carrier transport layer 14 with electron selectivity includes at least one of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid isomethyl ester, C60, cyano-containing polyphenylene vinylene, boron-containing polymer, bathocuproine, bathophenanthroline, hydroxyquinoline aluminum, oxadiazole compounds, benzimidazole compounds, naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid compounds, perylene derivatives, phosphine oxide compounds, phosphorus sulfide compounds, fluorine-containing phthalocyanine, titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO2), indium oxide (In2O3), gallium oxide (Ga2O3), tin sulfide (SnS), indium sulfide (In2O3), lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), magnesium fluoride (MgF2) and zinc sulfide (ZnS). The first carrier transport layer 13 or the second carrier transport layer 14 with electron selectivity can be understood as an electron transport layer.

[0104] In some optional embodiments, the material of the first carrier transport layer 13 or the second carrier transport layer 14 with hole selectivity includes one or more of 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-p-methoxyanilino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene, methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidine, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine], poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonic acid, poly3-hexylthiophene, triphenylamine with triptycene as the core, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine, N-(4-aniline)carbazole-spirobifluorene, polythiophene, phosphate-based monomers, carbazole-based monomers, sulfonic acid-based monomers, triphenylamine-based monomers, aromatic monomers, a second metal oxide and cuprous thiocyanate, wherein the metal element in the second metal oxide includes one or more of Ni, Mo and Cu. The first charge carrier transport layer 13 or the second charge carrier transport layer 14 having hole selectivity may be understood as a hole transport layer.

[0105] According to the embodiments of the present application, the phosphate group single molecule, the carbazole group single molecule, the sulfonic acid group single molecule, the triphenylamine group single molecule, and the aromatic group single molecule independently represent compounds having the above groups. The groups in the compounds having the above groups play a major role in hole transport.

[0106] Reference below Figure 3 The embodiment of another top view of the photoelectric conversion layer in the solar cell according to the first aspect of the present application is described. Figure 3 As shown, the photoelectric conversion layer 15 includes a perovskite compound crystal particle 151 and a coating layer coating the perovskite compound crystal particle, and the coating layer includes a water-absorbing material 152 .

[0107] According to an embodiment of the present application, the above description of any embodiment of the first electrode layer 11, the first carrier transport layer 13, the second carrier transport layer 14, the second electrode layer 12, the photoelectric conversion layer 15, the perovskite compound crystal particles, and the water-absorbing material is independently suitable for the present embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0108] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a first passivation layer located between the photoelectric conversion layer 15 and the first carrier transport layer 13. The solar cell includes a second passivation layer located between the photoelectric conversion layer 15 and the second carrier transport layer 14.

[0109] [Preparation method]

[0110] The present invention provides a method for preparing a solar cell, comprising:

[0111] preparing a first electrode layer;

[0112] Prepare a first carrier transport layer on one side of the first electrode layer;

[0113] A photoelectric conversion layer including perovskite compound crystal particles and a water-absorbing material is prepared on a side of the first carrier transport layer away from the first electrode layer.

[0114] In the related art, water accelerates the degradation of the perovskite compound itself, which eventually leads to the degradation of the solar cell. In the preparation method of the embodiment of the present application, a water-absorbing material, i.e., a water-absorbing material precursor, is introduced during the growth of the perovskite crystal, so that the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a mixture of perovskite compound crystal particles and the water-absorbing material. The water-absorbing material absorbs water, reduces the influence of moisture on the perovskite compound crystal particles, and improves the stability of the solar cell.

[0115] In some embodiments, a photoelectric conversion layer comprising perovskite compound crystal particles and a water-absorbing material is prepared on a side of the first carrier transport layer away from the first electrode layer, comprising:

[0116] Coating a solution containing a perovskite compound precursor and a water-absorbing material precursor on a side of the first carrier transport layer away from the first electrode layer to form a coating layer;

[0117] The coating layer is evaporated and / or annealed to obtain a photoelectric conversion layer comprising perovskite compound crystal particles and a water-absorbing material.

[0118] In the embodiment of the present application, a method known in the art may be used to manufacture the solar cell 10. Exemplarily, the method for manufacturing the solar cell 10 may include: forming a first carrier transport layer 13, a photoelectric conversion layer 15, a second carrier transport layer 14, and a second electrode layer 12 in sequence from bottom to top on a transparent or opaque first electrode layer 11.

[0119] In some embodiments of the present application, a method for preparing a solar cell includes:

[0120] S10: providing a first electrode layer;

[0121] S20: forming a first carrier transport layer on one side of the first electrode layer;

[0122] S30: forming a photoelectric conversion layer on a side of the first carrier transport layer away from the first electrode layer;

[0123] S40: forming a second carrier transport layer on a side of the light absorbing layer away from the first carrier transport layer;

[0124] S50: forming a second electrode layer on a side of the second carrier transport layer away from the light absorption layer.

[0125] Exemplarily, the manufacturing method of the solar cell device 10 may include: forming a first carrier transport layer 13, a photoelectric conversion layer 15, a second carrier transport layer 14 and a second electrode layer 12 in order from bottom to top on a transparent or opaque first electrode layer 11. The photoelectric conversion layer 15 may be formed by known film forming methods such as evaporation, sputtering, spin coating, dipping, ion plating, etc.

[0126] The preparation process of photoelectric conversion includes three steps: wet film coating, solvent quenching and annealing.

[0127] Wet film coating includes: in the wet film coating state, the perovskite is in a colloidal state, and ABX3 is distributed in a precursor solvent and coated on a substrate.

[0128] Solvent quenching includes: quickly taking away a large amount of organic solvent in the perovskite precursor solution, leaving only a small amount of organic solvent to complex with the perovskite components. At this time, the perovskite is in an intermediate state, and the general formula is generally AX·BX2·organic solvent. The above process is the process of partial solute forming seed crystals.

[0129] Annealing includes: AX·BX2·Organic solvent will gradually lose solvent molecules to form a complete ABX3. During the annealing process, the seed crystal will absorb the residual solute that has lost the solvent molecules, thereby growing into perovskite compound grains. Generally, due to the constant solute content, the number of seed crystals is inversely proportional to the grain size.

[0130] Solar cell modules

[0131] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell assembly, comprising the solar cell of the first aspect. It may also include a plurality of solar cells of the first aspect. If there are a plurality of solar cells, the plurality of solar cells may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection, wherein the hybrid connection means that the plurality of solar cells are connected in series and in parallel.

[0132] In some embodiments, the solar cell assembly includes a protective layer and / or an encapsulation layer.

[0133] [Protective layer]

[0134] The protective layer is disposed between the encapsulation layer and the solar cell, and the protective layer contains metal halides and / or organic halides. The metal halides and organic halides in the protective layer can absorb the infiltrated water and oxygen, reduce the corrosion of water and oxygen on the organic and inorganic perovskite compounds in the light absorption layer, and thus improve the stability of the solar cell, thereby helping to extend the service life of the solar cell.

[0135] In some alternative embodiments, the metal halide has the general formula BX k , wherein the value of k is in the range of 1 to 3. The organic halide has the general formula AX.

[0136] In the above embodiments, the metal halide and the organic halide respectively have the above general formula, which can enable the protective layer to absorb water and oxygen while generating substances similar to or identical to the precursor substances of the organic-inorganic perovskite compounds. These substances can react to generate perovskite compounds with functions close to those of the organic-inorganic perovskite compounds, thereby allowing the solar cell to have a longer service life when water and oxygen penetrate into it.

[0137] In some optional embodiments, the organic cation in the organic-inorganic perovskite compound and the organic cation in the organic halide are the same or are homologous to each other.

[0138] In the present application, homologues refer to organic compounds with similar structures and molecular compositions that differ by several "CH2" atomic groups.

[0139] In the above embodiments, the organic cation in the general formula ABX3 and the organic cation in the general formula AX are the same or homologous to each other, which can help the organic halide in the protective layer and the precursor material to form an organic-inorganic perovskite compound.

[0140] In some embodiments, the organic cation A includes at least one of an optionally substituted ammonium ion.

[0141] In some embodiments, examples of optionally substituted ammonium ions include alkylammonium ions, such as methylammonium ions, ethylammonium ions, propylammonium ions, butylammonium ions, pentylammonium ions, hexylammonium ions; amidinium ions, such as formamidinium ions; or imidazolium ions.

[0142] In the embodiments of the present application, the protective layer may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, and the specific number of layers may be designed according to requirements.

[0143] In some optional embodiments, the protective layer comprises at least one of MOF material, activated carbon, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, molecular sieve, kaolin, ion exchange resin and 2-methylimidazole zinc salt MAF-4 to provide a porous structure.

[0144] [Encapsulation layer]

[0145] The encapsulation layer can encapsulate the solar cell between the cover plate and the substrate to protect the solar cell.

[0146] The material of some optional packaging layers in the present application includes at least one of a thermoplastic packaging adhesive, a heat-curing packaging adhesive and a light-curing packaging adhesive.

[0147] Exemplarily, the thermoplastic encapsulant includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene octene copolymer, polyisobutylene, polyolefin encapsulant and butyl rubber. The thermosetting encapsulant includes at least one of epoxy encapsulant, silicone encapsulant and polyurethane encapsulant. The curing encapsulant includes at least one of ultraviolet light curing encapsulant and infrared light curing encapsulant.

[0148] Electrical devices

[0149] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising the solar cell assembly of the second aspect, wherein the solar cell assembly is used to provide electrical energy.

[0150] Electrical devices may be in, but are not limited to, the fields of construction, military, travel, national defense, power supply, etc., such as: mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, electric tools, battery vehicles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, photovoltaic greenhouses, photovoltaic water heaters, etc.

[0151] Example

[0152] The following examples more specifically describe the disclosure of the present application, which are intended for illustrative purposes only, as it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the disclosure of the present application. Unless otherwise stated, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examples are by weight, and all reagents used in the examples are commercially available or synthesized according to conventional methods and can be used directly without further processing, and the instruments used in the examples are commercially available.

[0153] Example 1

[0154] The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell module, which comprises the following steps:

[0155] Forming a solar cell: Take a set of ITO conductive glass with a length and width of 2cm×2cm, remove 0.35cm of ITO at both ends by laser etching, and expose the glass substrate; ultrasonically clean the etched ITO conductive glass several times with water, acetone, and isopropanol in sequence; blow the ITO conductive glass dry with a nitrogen gun, and put it into a UV ozone machine for further cleaning;

[0156] A 2 mg / mL poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) organic hole transport layer was spin-coated on the UV-ozone treated ITO substrate at a rate of 5000 rpm / s, and then annealed on a hot stage at 100° C. for 10 minutes.

[0157] The mixed solution of the perovskite precursor solution and the calcium chloride precursor solution was spin-coated on the hole transport layer at 1000-5000 rpm / s, annealed at 100°C for 30 minutes, and cooled to room temperature. The photoelectric conversion layer was 1.4M Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 )3(CsFAMA) perovskite compound crystal particles and calcium chloride (0.05%M), such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown.

[0158] Spin coat [6,6]-phenyl C on the perovskite layer at 1000-1500 rpm / s. 61 Methyl butyrate (PCBM) was annealed at 100°C for 10 min, followed by spin coating of bathcoppermine precursor (BCP) at 5000 rpm / s to form an electron transport layer.

[0159] The entire device is placed in an evaporator, and copper electrodes are evaporated to 80 nm at a rate of 1 A / s to complete the preparation of the entire device, that is, a solar cell is obtained.

[0160] Embodiment 2-9

[0161] The manufacturing method of Example 2-31 is similar to that of Example 1, except that the content of the water-absorbing material and the volume ratio of the water-absorbing particles to the perovskite compound crystal particles are different.

[0162] Examples 10-21

[0163] The manufacturing method of Examples 10-21 is similar to that of Example 1, except that the water-absorbing material forms a coating layer to coat the perovskite compound crystal particles, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 The preparation method of the coating layer includes:

[0164] A precursor solution of a water-absorbing material is coated on the hole transport layer, and then a perovskite precursor solution is spin-coated at 1000-5000 rpm / s, annealed at 100°C for 30 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and then a precursor solution of a water-absorbing material is coated, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer is a perovskite compound crystal particle and a water-absorbing material. The particle size of the water-absorbing material is different and the ratio of the coating layer thickness to the photoelectric conversion layer thickness is different. Among them, the types of the perovskite compound crystal particles in Example 21 are different.

[0165] Examples 22-38

[0166] The manufacturing methods of Examples 22-38 are similar to those of Example 1, except that the types of water-absorbing materials are different, wherein the organic water-absorbing material precursors are all commercially available, and the weight average molecular weight is between 20000 and 100000. The molecular weight can be measured by analytical techniques such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to determine the distribution range of the molecular weight.

[0167] Comparative Example 1-2

[0168] Comparative Example 1-2 is similar to the manufacturing method of Example 1, except that the type of perovskite compound crystal particles in the photoelectric conversion layer does not contain water-absorbing materials.

[0169] The specific parameters of the above embodiments and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0170] Test Section

[0171] Related performance tests of perovskite solar cell modules:

[0172] In order to verify the advancement of the perovskite solar cell modules of the embodiments of the present application, the perovskite solar cell modules provided in the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 7 and the perovskite solar cell modules provided in comparative examples 1 to 2 were tested including the relevant properties shown in Table 1.

[0173] The photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PCE 初 )test:

[0174] In standard simulated sunlight (AM 1.5G, 100mW / cm 2 ) irradiation, the battery performance is tested to obtain the IV curve. According to the IV curve and the data fed back by the test equipment, the short-circuit current Jsc (unit: mA / cm 2 ), open circuit voltage Voc (unit V), maximum light output current Jmpp (unit mA) and maximum light output voltage Vmpp (unit V). The fill factor FF of the cell is calculated by the formula FF = Jsc × Voc / (Jmpp × Vmpp), unit %. The photoelectric conversion efficiency PCE of the cell is calculated by the formula PCE = Jsc × Voc × FF / Pw, unit %; Pw represents the input power, unit mW.

[0175] Wet stability test of perovskite solar cells:

[0176] The prepared battery device was placed on a hot stage at 85°C and in a sealed environment (which can be a test room) with a relative humidity of 2% for accelerated testing. After 90 days, the device efficiency was retested (recorded as PCE90), and the efficiency PCE90 and the initial efficiency PCE were calculated. 初 The ratio (PCE90 / PCE 初 ); wherein, the initial efficiency is based on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (denoted as PCE) in the previous paragraph. 初 )Test》Test efficiency.

[0177] The perovskite solar cells obtained in the above embodiment and comparative example were tested according to the above process, and the specific values ​​are shown in Table 1.

[0178]

[0179]

[0180]

[0181]

[0182] Note: In Table 1,

[0183] Cs stands for cesium;

[0184] Pb means lead;

[0185] I is iodine;

[0186] MA stands for methylammonium ion, CH3NH3 + ;

[0187] FA stands for formamidinium ion, CH(NH2) 2+ .

[0188] According to Table 1, by comparing the test results of Examples 1-38 and Comparative Examples 1-2, it can be seen that in the solar cell provided in the embodiment of the present application, the photoelectric conversion layer includes perovskite compound crystal particles and water-absorbing materials, and the water-absorbing materials can be dispersed between the perovskite compound crystal particles, or dispersed at the edge of the photoelectric conversion layer in contact with the outside world, which is not limited here. Moisture in the external environment including the atmosphere enters the photoelectric conversion layer of the solar cell, and the water-absorbing material absorbs the moisture, at least reducing the effect of moisture on the perovskite compound, thereby protecting the perovskite compound crystal particles, which is beneficial to the perovskite compound crystal particles to achieve photoelectric conversion and improve the stability of the power generation of the solar cell.

[0189] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: include: The photoelectric conversion layer comprises perovskite compound crystal particles and water absorbing material.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The photoelectric conversion layer includes the water-absorbing material in an amount of 0.01% to 0.5% by mass based on the total mass of the photoelectric conversion layer.

3. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The photoelectric conversion layer includes the water-absorbing material in an amount of 0.05% to 0.3% by mass based on the total mass of the photoelectric conversion layer.

4. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: At least a portion of the surfaces of the perovskite type compound crystal particles are in contact with the water absorbing material.

5. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the water-absorbing material to the perovskite compound crystal particles is 1:(20-100).

6. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: At least a portion of the perovskite compound crystal particles are coated by a coating layer formed of the water-absorbing material.

7. The solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The coating layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 50 nm.

8. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The water-absorbing material comprises at least one of inorganic water-absorbing particles and organic water-absorbing materials or a combination thereof; Optionally, the inorganic water-absorbing particles include one or more of aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, cobalt chloride, and cobalt oxide; Optionally, the organic water-absorbing material includes one or more of 2-hydroxyethylamine, polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, methacryloyl hyaluronic acid, acrylonitrile grafted modified starch, phosphated starch, carboxymethylated starch, acrylic acid grafted modified starch, acrylamide grafted modified starch, carboxymethylated cellulose, hydroxypropylated cellulose, acrylamide grafted modified cellulose, and acrylic acid grafted modified cellulose.

9. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that The average particle size Dn50 of the inorganic water-absorbing particles is less than or equal to 20 nm.

10. A solar cell module, characterized in that: A solar cell comprising the solar cell described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. An electrical device, characterized in that: The solar cell assembly according to claim 10 is used for providing electric energy.

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