Perovskite type solar cell and preparation method thereof, perovskite type solar cell module and electric equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a perovskite type solar cell and a preparation method thereof, a perovskite type solar cell module and electric equipment. The perovskite type solar cell comprises a first carrier transport layer; the first electrode layer comprises one or more of a metal conductor and a conductive metal oxide; and the barrier layer is arranged between the first electrode layer and the first carrier layer, and the barrier layer comprises a metal coordination compound. According to the perovskite type solar cell, the perovskite type solar cell module comprising the perovskite type solar cell and the electric equipment comprising the perovskite type solar cell, the stability of the metal electrode can be improved, so that the stability of the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite type solar cell can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cell devices, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof, a perovskite solar cell module and electrical equipment. Background Art

[0002] Green and environmentally friendly recycling and renewable energy is the key direction of future energy technology development. Perovskite solar cells can directly convert solar energy into electrical energy under sunlight, and are a new energy technology that is receiving more and more attention.

[0003] For perovskite solar cells, how to improve their stability is the key research direction. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof, wherein the perovskite solar cell can improve the stability of a battery electrode containing a metal element, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell. The purpose of the present application is also to provide a perovskite solar cell module and an electrical device containing the perovskite solar cell, so that the corresponding beneficial effects can be achieved.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, including the following structure arranged in layers:

[0006] a first carrier transport layer;

[0007] The first electrode layer comprises one or more of a metal conductor and a metal oxide;

[0008] A barrier layer, at least a portion of which is disposed between the first electrode layer and the first carrier layer, and the barrier layer comprises a metal coordination compound.

[0009] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is a perovskite compound (ABX3) in a perovskite solar cell, wherein X is mainly a halogen ion such as an iodine atom and a bromine atom. When a perovskite solar cell having a first electrode layer containing a metal conductor and a metal oxide is prepared and put into use, the halogen ions are easy to migrate. When the halogen ions migrate to the barrier layer between the first electrode layer and the first carrier layer, the metal coordination compound therein forms a coordination bond with the halogen ions and complexes with the halogen ions, thereby capturing the halogen atoms and blocking the further migration of the halogen atoms. Therefore, the barrier layer can avoid or reduce the possibility of halogen atoms migrating to the first electrode layer and causing the first electrode layer to fail, thereby improving the stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0010] In any embodiment of the present application, the metal coordination compound comprises a ligand, and the ligand comprises one or more of acetylacetonato, thiophene, ester, thiol, toluene-3,4-dithiol, and acetylacetone diethylenediamine. According to an embodiment of the present application, the electronegativity of the halogen ion is high, and the interaction between the metal ion and the ligand can be enhanced by electron attraction; the above-mentioned ligand is a molecule or ion that forms a coordination bond with the metal ion. They form stable complexes with metal ions by providing lone electron pairs or empty orbitals, and can complex halogen ions. The above-mentioned ligand can form a metal coordination compound with the central atom and then combine with the halogen ion to form a complex, thereby avoiding the migration of the halogen ion.

[0011] In any embodiment of the present application, the metal coordination compound comprises a central atom, and the central atom comprises at least one of copper ion, magnesium ion, aluminum ion, nickel ion, silver ion, tin ion, chromium ion, bismuth ion, platinum ion, vanadium ion, zinc ion, molybdenum ion, and tungsten ion. According to an embodiment of the present application, the central atom is usually a transition metal ion with a variable valence state, and the metal atom can also form a coordination bond with a ligand to form a stable coordination compound, and the above central atom in the metal coordination compound can form a coordination compound and complex a halogen ion.

[0012] In any embodiment of the present application, the metal element in the metal conductor includes at least one of copper, magnesium, aluminum, nickel, silver, tin, chromium, bismuth, platinum, vanadium, zinc, molybdenum, and tungsten. The metal element in the metal coordination compound may be provided independently of the first electrode or may be derived from the first electrode layer.

[0013] In any embodiment of the present application, the metal element in the metal coordination compound is the same as the metal element in the first electrode layer. According to an embodiment of the present application, the metal element in the above-mentioned metal conductor can be used as a source of central atoms in the barrier layer, which is conducive to the formation of a metal coordination compound. When the metal element in the metal coordination compound is the same as the metal element in the first electrode layer, the halogen ions can be further trapped to prevent the complexed halogen ions from migrating under certain conditions and reacting with the metal electrode, thereby affecting the performance of the metal electrode.

[0014] In any embodiment of the present application, the first carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer. The blocking layer is disposed between the hole transport layer and the first electrode layer, which is beneficial to intercepting halogen ions, facilitating carrier transport efficiency, and improving energy conversion efficiency.

[0015] In any embodiment of the present application, the metal coordination compound includes one or more of acetylacetonato aluminum ion, acetylacetonato silver ion, acetylacetonato copper ion, acetylacetonato platinum ion, acetylacetonato indium ion, acetylacetonato zinc ion, (toluene-3,4-dimercapto) zinc ion, acetylacetonato diethylenediamine copper ion, and acetylacetonato diethylenediamine nickel ion. The above-mentioned types of metal coordination compounds can achieve the effect of complexing halogen ions, thereby preventing the halogen ions from acting on the first electrode and affecting the performance of the first electrode.

[0016] In any embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the barrier layer is ≤10 nm. According to the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the barrier layer is within the above range, which is conducive to the transmission of carriers in the first carrier transport layer and the first electrode layer, reduces electrons or vacancies, and is conducive to improving the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0017] In any embodiment of the present application, the metal conductor includes any one of copper, magnesium, aluminum, nickel, silver, tin, chromium, bismuth, platinum, vanadium, zinc, molybdenum, and tungsten, or an alloy of any of the above.

[0018] In any embodiment of the present application, the conductive metal oxide includes at least one of tin oxide, indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide, and gallium zinc oxide.

[0019] In any embodiment of the present application, the perovskite solar cell includes an insertion layer, and the insertion layer includes one or more of tin oxide and bathocuproin; the insertion layer is stacked between the first carrier transport layer and the blocking layer.

[0020] In any embodiment of the present application, the perovskite solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion layer, which includes a perovskite compound, and the perovskite compound includes a halogen atom.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0022] preparing a first carrier transport layer;

[0023] coating an organic solvent on one side of the first carrier transport layer;

[0024] The first electrode layer is prepared on the surface of an organic solvent, comprising: heating a mixture of a first carrier transport layer containing an organic solvent and a first electrode precursor under a protective atmosphere so that the organic solvent reacts to form a ligand to form a barrier layer, wherein the barrier layer is stacked between the first carrier transport layer and the first electrode layer.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present application, when preparing a barrier layer, the organic solvent is heated under a protective atmosphere so that the organic solvent reacts with at least one of the metal element, metal alloy or metal oxide in the first electrode layer to form a barrier layer containing a metal complex. The barrier layer can complex the halogen ions that migrate out of the perovskite solar cell to prevent the halogen ions from affecting the first electrode layer.

[0026] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a perovskite solar cell module, including the perovskite solar cell of the first aspect or the perovskite solar cell prepared by the preparation method of the second aspect. The perovskite solar cell module including the perovskite solar cell can improve the energy conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0027] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising the perovskite solar cell assembly of the third aspect, wherein the perovskite solar cell assembly is used to provide electrical energy. The electrical device comprising the perovskite solar cell assembly can at least improve the energy conversion efficiency and stability of the electrical device.

[0028] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. Moreover, the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a perovskite solar cell provided in one embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a perovskite solar cell provided in yet another embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0032] The reference numerals in the specific implementation manner are as follows:

[0033] 10-Perovskite solar cells;

[0034] 11- first electrode layer;

[0035] 12- second electrode layer;

[0036] 13-a first carrier transport layer;

[0037] 14- a second carrier transport layer;

[0038] 15-photoelectric conversion layer;

[0039] 16- barrier layer;

[0040] 17- Insertion layer.

[0041] The drawings in this application are not necessarily drawn to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0045] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0046] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two), similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two). The term "several" in the present application refers to more than two (including two).

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by technical terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", and "circumferential" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0049] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0050] Perovskite solar cells are devices that directly convert light energy into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect or photochemical reaction. Examples of perovskite solar cells include perovskite solar cells, which are perovskite solar cells that use perovskite compound semiconductors as light-absorbing materials and belong to the third generation of perovskite solar cells.

[0051] Perovskite solar cells use perovskite compounds to absorb photons to generate electron-hole pairs, which are then separated into free carriers. The free carriers generated are then transported out by the transport layer material to achieve photoelectric conversion.

[0052] Since perovskite compounds inevitably have some crystal defects in perovskite solar cells, perovskite compounds are generally represented by the general formula ABX3; wherein A is an organic cation, B is a metal cation, and X is a halogen anion. The halogen anion can be at least one of chlorine, bromine and iodine. Since halogen anions are easy to migrate in perovskite solar cells, the migrated halogen anions including iodine ions are very easy to react with metal electrodes, causing the failure of the metal electrodes, thereby reducing the stability of the perovskite solar cells.

[0053] In view of this, the present application provides a perovskite solar cell that can effectively improve the effect of halogen anion migration on the metal electrodes in the perovskite solar cell, so that the perovskite solar cell can generate electricity stably and improve its service life.

[0054] Perovskite solar cells

[0055] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, including the following structure arranged in layers:

[0056] a first carrier transport layer;

[0057] The first electrode layer comprises one or more of a metal conductor and a metal oxide;

[0058] The barrier layer is at least partially disposed between the first electrode layer and the first carrier layer, and the barrier layer comprises a metal coordination compound.

[0059] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is a perovskite compound (ABX3) in a perovskite solar cell, wherein X is mainly halogen ions such as iodine atoms and bromine atoms. When a perovskite solar cell having a first electrode layer containing a metal conductor and a metal oxide is prepared and put into use, the halogen ions are easy to migrate. When the halogen ions migrate to the barrier layer between the first electrode layer and the first carrier layer, the metal coordination compound therein forms a coordination bond with the halogen ions and complexes with the halogen ions, thereby capturing the halogen atoms and blocking the further migration of the halogen atoms. Therefore, the barrier layer can avoid or reduce the possibility of halogen atoms migrating to the first electrode layer and causing the first electrode layer to fail, thereby improving the stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0060] In some embodiments, the blocking layer may be a halogen atom blocking layer.

[0061] In some optional embodiments, the metal coordination compound comprises a ligand, and the ligand comprises one or more of an acetylacetonate group, a thienyl group, an ester group, a thiol group, a toluene-3,4-dithiol group, and an acetylacetonate diethylenediamine group.

[0062] According to the embodiments of the present application, the electronegativity of the halogen ion is high, and the interaction between the metal ion and the ligand can be enhanced by electron attraction; the above-mentioned ligand is a molecule or ion that forms a coordination bond with the metal ion. They form stable complexes with metal ions by providing lone electron pairs or empty orbitals, and can complex halogen ions. The ligand can be electrically neutral or electronegative, and the above-mentioned ligand can form a metal coordination compound with the central atom and then combine with the halogen ion to form a complex, thereby avoiding the migration of the halogen ion.

[0063] In some optional embodiments, the metal coordination compound comprises a central atom, and the central atom comprises at least one of copper ion, magnesium ion, aluminum ion, nickel ion, silver ion, tin ion, chromium ion, bismuth ion, platinum ion, vanadium ion, zinc ion, molybdenum ion, and tungsten ion. According to the embodiment of the present application, the central atom is usually a transition metal ion with a variable valence state, and the metal atom can also form a coordination bond with a ligand to form a stable coordination compound. The above central atom in the metal coordination compound can form a coordination compound and complex a halogen ion.

[0064] In some optional embodiments, the metal element in the metal conductor includes at least one of copper, magnesium, aluminum, nickel, silver, tin, chromium, bismuth, platinum, vanadium, zinc, molybdenum, and tungsten. According to the embodiment of the present application, the metal element in the metal coordination compound can be additionally provided independently of the first electrode, or can be derived from the first electrode layer.

[0065] In some optional embodiments, the metal element in the metal coordination compound is the same as the metal element in the first electrode layer. The metal element in the above-mentioned metal conductor can serve as the source of the central atom in the barrier layer, which is conducive to the formation of the metal coordination compound. When the metal element in the metal coordination compound is the same as the metal element in the first electrode layer, the halogen ions can be further trapped to prevent the complexed halogen ions from migrating under certain conditions and reacting with the metal electrode, thereby affecting the performance of the metal electrode.

[0066] In some optional embodiments, the metal coordination compound includes one or more of acetylacetonato aluminum ion, acetylacetonato silver ion, acetylacetonato copper ion, acetylacetonato platinum ion, acetylacetonato indium ion, acetylacetonato zinc ion, (toluene-3,4-dimercapto) zinc ion, acetylacetonato ethylenediamine copper ion, and acetylacetonato ethylenediamine nickel ion. The above-mentioned types of metal coordination compounds can achieve the effect of complexing halogen ions, thereby preventing the halogen ions from acting on the first electrode and affecting the performance of the first electrode.

[0067] In some optional embodiments, the thickness ratio of the barrier layer to the metal electrode is 1:(10-100).

[0068] In some optional embodiments, the thickness of the barrier layer is ≤10 nm. According to the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the barrier layer is within the above range, which is conducive to the transmission of carriers in the first carrier transport layer and the first electrode layer, reduces electrons or vacancies, and is conducive to improving the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0069] In some optional embodiments, the metal conductor includes any one of copper, magnesium, aluminum, nickel, silver, tin, chromium, bismuth, platinum, vanadium, zinc, molybdenum, and tungsten, or an alloy of any of the above. In some optional embodiments, the conductive metal oxide includes at least one of tin oxide, indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide, and gallium zinc oxide.

[0070] In any embodiment of the present application, the perovskite solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion layer, which includes a perovskite compound, and the perovskite compound includes halogen ions. In some optional embodiments, the halogen ions can be at least one of chloride ions, bromide ions and iodine ions.

[0071] In any embodiment of the present application, the perovskite solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion layer, which includes a perovskite compound, and the perovskite compound includes halogen atoms.

[0072] According to the embodiments of the present application, in some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises perovskite compound crystal particles represented by the general formula ABX3 or A2CDX6, wherein A is an organic cation, B is a metal cation, and X is a halogen anion or SCN - . In some embodiments, halogen X includes at least one of chlorine, bromine and iodine. Perovskite compounds with different halogen ions have different band gaps. The band gap of perovskite compounds with halogen ions I- is the smallest (generally about 1.5 electron volts), and the band gap of perovskite materials with halogen ions C1- is the largest (generally 1.5-3 electron volts, optionally 1.20-2.30 eV). The band gap measurement method is to test the prepared perovskite film by ultraviolet absorption spectrum, obtain the ultraviolet absorption curve, and then calculate the perovskite band gap by Tauc equation. In addition, the perovskite compound can contain two mixed halogen ions, and the mixing ratio can be continuously adjusted. Therefore, the band gap of the perovskite compound can be continuously adjusted within the range of 1.5-3 electron volts, and the wavelength range of the corresponding absorbable light is about 414-820 nanometers, which basically covers the entire visible light spectrum. Carriers are generated in the photoelectric conversion layer. In some embodiments, the thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer is 400-1000nm.

[0073] For example: A in ABX3 can include CH3NH 3+ and HC(NH2) 2+In other words, A can be CH3NH 3 + 、HC(NH2) 2+ Or a mixture of the two in any proportion. It is understood that A may also include metal ions, such as Li + 、Na + , Cs + , Rb + and K + At least one of them.

[0074] For example: B in ABX3 can be pb 2+ Sn 2+ and Ge 2+ At least one of them.

[0075] For example, ABX3 can be CH3NH3PbI3; CH3NH3SnI3; CH3NH3PbI2Cl; CH3NH3PbI2Br; CH3NH3Pb(I 1-x Br x )3(where 0<x<1) and so on.

[0076] In some embodiments, the A ion may be a monovalent cation, the B ion may be a divalent metal cation, the C ion and the D ion may be a monovalent / or trivalent metal cation, respectively, and the C ion includes Cs + 、Ag + , K + And Ru + One or more of the following. D ions include Bi 3+ 、Ni 3+ , Fe 3+ and Cu 3+ One or more of the following. The X ion may be a monovalent anion. The X ion includes F - , Cl - Br - and I - One or more of .

[0077] In some embodiments, the organic cation A includes at least one of an optionally substituted ammonium ion.

[0078] In some embodiments, examples of optionally substituted ammonium ions include alkylammonium ions, such as methylammonium ions, ethylammonium ions, propylammonium ions, butylammonium ions, pentylammonium ions, hexylammonium ions; amidinium ions, such as formamidinium ions; or imidazolium ions.

[0079] In some embodiments, the metal in the metal cation B includes at least one of lead (Pb), cesium (Cs), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), indium (In), aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and europium (Eu). B in the general formula ABX3 is selected from the above metal cations, which can help improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion layer. In some optional embodiments, the perovskite solar cell includes the following structure arranged in a stacked manner:

[0080] The first electrode layer comprises one or more of a metal conductor and a metal oxide;

[0081] A first carrier transport layer, a barrier layer, is disposed between the first electrode layer and the first carrier layer, the barrier layer comprising a metal coordination compound;

[0082] Photoelectric conversion layer;

[0083] a second carrier transport layer; and

[0084] The second electrode layer.

[0085] Figure 1 FIG. 2 shows an exemplary structure of a perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the perovskite solar cell 10 includes the following structures stacked in sequence: a first electrode layer 11 ; a barrier layer 16 ; a first carrier transport layer 13 ; a photoelectric conversion layer 15 ; a second carrier transport layer 14 ; and a second electrode layer 12 .

[0086] In some optional embodiments, the first carrier transport layer 13 is a hole transport layer.

[0087] According to the embodiment of the present application, the first electrode layer including the conductive metal and the conductive metal oxide may have a higher work function to promote the formation of holes. The blocking layer is disposed between the hole transport layer and the first electrode layer, which is beneficial to intercepting halogen ions, facilitating the transmission efficiency of carriers, and improving the energy conversion efficiency.

[0088] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first carrier transport layer 13 has hole selectivity, and the second carrier transport layer 14 has electron selectivity. The second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer. After the photoelectric conversion layer 15 absorbs sunlight and generates carriers, the holes that lose electrons are selected by the first carrier transport layer 13 and their electrical properties are transmitted to the first electrode layer 11, and then collected by the first electrode layer 11. The electrons in the carriers are selected by the second carrier transport layer 30 and transmitted to the second electrode layer 12, and then collected by the second electrode layer 12, thereby realizing the separation of carriers in the photoelectric conversion layer 15.

[0089] According to the embodiment of the present application, the first carrier transport layer 13 and the second carrier transport layer 14 may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, respectively.

[0090] In some optional embodiments, the material of the electron transport layer includes one or more of imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerenes and their derivatives, a first metal oxide, silicon oxide, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, lithium fluoride and calcium fluoride, wherein the metal elements in the first metal oxide include one or more of Mg, Cd, Zn, In, Pb, W, Sb, Bi, Hg, Ti, Ag, Mn, Fe, V, Sn, Zr, Sr, Ga and Cr.

[0091] In some optional embodiments, the material of the electron transport layer includes at least one of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid isomethyl ester, C60, cyano-containing polyphenylene vinylene, boron-containing polymer, bathocuproine, bathophenanthroline, hydroxyquinoline aluminum, oxadiazole compounds, benzimidazole compounds, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid compounds, perylene derivatives, phosphine oxide compounds, phosphorus sulfide compounds, fluorine-containing phthalocyanine, titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO2), indium oxide (In2O3), gallium oxide (Ga2O3), tin sulfide (SnS), indium sulfide (In2O3), lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), magnesium fluoride (MgF2) and zinc sulfide (ZnS).

[0092] In some optional embodiments, the material of the hole transport layer includes one or more of 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-p-methoxyanilino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene, methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidine, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine], poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonic acid, poly3-hexylthiophene, triphenylamine with triptycene as the core, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine, N-(4-aniline)carbazole-spirobifluorene, polythiophene, phosphate-based monomers, carbazole-based monomers, sulfonic acid-based monomers, triphenylamine-based monomers, aromatic monomers, a second metal oxide and cuprous thiocyanate, wherein the metal element in the second metal oxide includes one or more of Ni, Mo and Cu. The first charge carrier transport layer 13 or the second charge carrier transport layer 14 having hole selectivity may be understood as a hole transport layer.

[0093] According to the embodiments of the present application, the phosphate group single molecule, the carbazole group single molecule, the sulfonic acid group single molecule, the triphenylamine group single molecule, and the aromatic group single molecule independently represent compounds having the above groups. The groups in the compounds having the above groups play a major role in hole transport.

[0094] In some optional embodiments, further, the first carrier transport layer 13 is arranged on the light-facing surface of the photoelectric conversion layer 15, the second carrier transport layer 14 is arranged on the backlight surface of the photoelectric conversion layer 15, and the second electrode layer 12 and the second carrier transport layer 14 are electrically connected.

[0095] In some other optional embodiments, the first carrier transport layer 13 is an electron transport layer.

[0096] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first carrier transport layer 13 has electron selectivity. The second carrier transport layer 14 has hole selectivity. The second carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer. After the photoelectric conversion layer 15 absorbs sunlight and generates carriers, the electrons in the carriers are selected by the first carrier transport layer 13 and transported to the first electrode layer 11, and then collected by the first electrode layer 11. The holes after losing the electrons are selected by the second carrier transport layer 15 and their electrical properties are transmitted to the second electrode layer 12, and then collected by the second electrode layer 12, thereby realizing the separation of carriers in the perovskite compound in the photoelectric conversion layer 15.

[0097] According to the embodiment of the present application, the above description of any embodiment of the first carrier transport layer 13, the second carrier transport layer 14, the photoelectric conversion layer 15, and the blocking layer 16 is independently applicable to the present embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0098] In some optional embodiments, the first electrode layer 11 can be used as a cathode of the perovskite solar cell 10 in a charging state, and can also be used as an anode of the perovskite solar cell 10 in a discharging state. For the convenience of explanation, the following embodiments are described with the first electrode layer 11 in a charging state as an anode.

[0099] It can be understood that: the first electrode layer 11 is an anode, and the second electrode layer 12 is a cathode, and the first electrode 11 is close to the substrate, and the second electrode layer 12 is close to the cover plate. In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the first electrode layer 11 as an anode and the second electrode layer 12 as a cathode is not particularly limited, and can be any one or more materials for constituting an anode and a cathode that are well known in the art.

[0100] In some optional embodiments, the first electrode layer 11 includes a metal conductor and a conductive metal oxide, and the conductor has a higher work function, which can promote the formation of holes. In an embodiment of the present application, the material of the second electrode layer 12 includes a metal conductor and a conductive metal oxide, and the conductor has a lower work function, which can promote the injection of electrons. Exemplarily, the material of the second electrode layer 12 includes copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), chromium (Cr), bismuth (Bi), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W) or their alloys, carbon (C), graphene, carbon nanotubes, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO) and gallium zinc oxide (GZO) at least one. According to an embodiment of the present application, the above description of any embodiment of the first electrode layer 11 and the second electrode layer 12 is independently applicable to the present embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0101] In some optional embodiments, the perovskite solar cell includes an insertion layer, the insertion layer includes one or more of tin oxide and bathocuproin (BCP); the insertion layer is stacked between the first carrier transport layer and the barrier layer. According to the embodiment of the present application, the provision of the insertion layer is conducive to the ohmic contact between the first carrier transport layer and the first electrode layer, improves the separation efficiency of carriers, and is conducive to improving the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0102] Bathocuproine (BCP), also known as 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-biphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, is often used as a transmission barrier material.

[0103] Figure 2 FIG. 4 shows the structure of a perovskite solar cell according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2As shown, the perovskite solar cell 10 includes the following structures stacked in sequence: a first electrode layer 11 ; a barrier layer 16 ; an insertion layer 17 ; a first carrier transport layer 13 ; a photoelectric conversion layer 15 ; a second carrier transport layer 14 ; and a second electrode layer 12 .

[0104] According to an embodiment of the present application, the above description of any embodiment of the first electrode layer 11, the first carrier transport layer 13, the second carrier transport layer 14, the second electrode layer 12, the photoelectric conversion layer 15, and the blocking layer 16 is independently applicable to the present embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0105] In some optional embodiments, the perovskite solar cell includes a first passivation layer, which is located between the photoelectric conversion layer 15 and the first carrier transport layer 13. The perovskite solar cell includes a second passivation layer, which is located between the photoelectric conversion layer 15 and the second carrier transport layer 14.

[0106] Perovskite solar cell preparation method

[0107] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0108] preparing a first carrier transport layer;

[0109] coating an organic solvent on the surface of the first carrier transport layer;

[0110] The first electrode layer is prepared on the surface of an organic solvent, comprising: heating a mixture of a first carrier transport layer containing an organic solvent and a first electrode precursor under a protective atmosphere so that the organic solvent reacts to form a ligand to form a barrier layer, wherein the barrier layer is stacked between the first carrier transport layer and the first electrode layer.

[0111] According to an embodiment of the present application, the method of coating with an organic solvent includes any one or more of spin coating, scraper coating, spray coating, etc.

[0112] According to an embodiment of the present application, when preparing a barrier layer, the organic solvent is heated under a protective atmosphere so that the organic solvent reacts with at least one of the metal element, metal alloy or metal oxide in the first electrode layer to form a barrier layer containing a metal complex. The barrier layer can complex the halogen ions that migrate out of the perovskite solar cell to prevent the halogen ions from affecting the first electrode layer.

[0113] In some embodiments of the present application, a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell includes:

[0114] S10: providing a second electrode layer;

[0115] S20: forming a second carrier transport layer on one side of the second electrode layer;

[0116] S30: forming a photoelectric conversion layer on a side of the second carrier transport layer away from the second electrode layer;

[0117] S40: forming a first carrier transport layer on a side of the photoelectric conversion layer away from the second carrier transport layer;

[0118] S50: coating an organic solvent on the surface of the first carrier transport layer;

[0119] S60: Preparing a first electrode layer on the surface of an organic solvent, comprising: heating a mixture of a first carrier transport layer containing an organic solvent and a first electrode precursor under a protective atmosphere so that the organic solvent reacts to form a ligand to form a barrier layer, wherein the barrier layer is stacked between the first carrier transport layer and the first electrode layer.

[0120] In the embodiment of the present application, the perovskite solar cell 10 may be manufactured by a method known in the art. Exemplarily, the method for manufacturing the perovskite solar cell 10 may include: forming a second carrier transport layer 14, a photoelectric conversion layer 15, a first carrier transport layer 13, a barrier layer 16 and a first electrode layer 11 in order from bottom to top on a transparent or opaque second electrode layer 12. The photoelectric conversion layer 15 may be formed by a known film forming method such as evaporation, sputtering, spin coating, dipping, ion plating, etc.

[0121] The preparation process of the photoelectric conversion layer includes three steps: wet film coating, solvent quenching and annealing.

[0122] Wet film coating includes: in the wet film coating state, the perovskite is in a colloidal state, and ABX3 is distributed in a precursor solvent and coated on a substrate.

[0123] Solvent quenching includes: quickly taking away a large amount of organic solvent in the perovskite precursor solution, leaving only a small amount of organic solvent to complex with the perovskite components. At this time, the perovskite is in an intermediate state, and the general formula is generally AX·BX2·organic solvent. The above process is the process of partial solute forming seed crystals.

[0124] Annealing includes: AX·BX2·Organic solvent will gradually lose solvent molecules to form complete ABX3. During the annealing process, the seed crystal will absorb the residual solute that has lost the solvent molecules, thereby growing into perovskite compound grains.

[0125] In some optional embodiments, a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell comprises:

[0126] preparing a first carrier transport layer;

[0127] An insertion layer is prepared on one side of the first carrier transport layer,

[0128] coating an organic solvent on a surface of the insertion layer facing away from the first carrier transport layer;

[0129] The first electrode layer is prepared on the surface of an organic solvent, comprising: heating a mixture of a first carrier transport layer, an insertion layer and a first electrode precursor containing an organic solvent under a protective atmosphere so that the organic solvent reacts to form a ligand to form a barrier layer, wherein the barrier layer is stacked between the first carrier transport layer and the first electrode layer.

[0130] According to an embodiment of the present application, a small molecule organic solvent is introduced between the insertion layer and the first electrode layer. When preparing the first electrode layer, the metal complex can be generated in situ by energy including evaporating the first electrode layer, thereby preparing the barrier layer.

[0131] In some optional embodiments, a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell comprises:

[0132] S10: providing a second electrode layer;

[0133] S20: forming a second carrier transport layer on one side of the second electrode layer;

[0134] S30: forming a photoelectric conversion layer on a side of the second carrier transport layer away from the second electrode layer;

[0135] S40: forming a first carrier transport layer on a side of the photoelectric conversion layer away from the second carrier transport layer;

[0136] S50: preparing an insertion layer on one side of the first carrier transport layer,

[0137] S60: coating an organic solvent on a surface of the insertion layer facing away from the first carrier transport layer;

[0138] S70: Preparing a first electrode layer on the surface of an organic solvent, comprising: heating a mixture of a first carrier transport layer containing an organic solvent and a first electrode precursor under a protective atmosphere so that the organic solvent reacts to form a ligand to form a barrier layer, wherein the barrier layer is stacked between the first carrier transport layer and the first electrode layer.

[0139] Perovskite solar cell modules

[0140] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a perovskite solar cell assembly, including the perovskite solar cell of the first aspect or the perovskite solar cell prepared by the preparation method of the second aspect. It may also include multiple perovskite solar cells of the first aspect. If there are multiple perovskite solar cells, the multiple perovskite solar cells can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection, and mixed connection means that multiple perovskite solar cells are both connected in series and in parallel.

[0141] In some optional embodiments, the perovskite solar cell module includes a protective layer and / or an encapsulation layer.

[0142] [Protective layer]

[0143] The protective layer is disposed between the encapsulation layer and the perovskite solar cell, and the protective layer contains metal halides and / or organic halides. The metal halides and organic halides in the protective layer can absorb the infiltrated water and oxygen, reduce the corrosion of water and oxygen on the organic and inorganic perovskite compounds in the photoelectric conversion layer, and thus improve the stability of the perovskite solar cell, thereby helping to extend the service life of the perovskite solar cell.

[0144] In some alternative embodiments, the metal halide has the general formula BX k , wherein the value of k is in the range of 1 to 3. The organic halide has the general formula AX.

[0145] In the above embodiments, the metal halide and the organic halide respectively have the above general formula, which can enable the protective layer to absorb water and oxygen while generating substances similar to or identical to the precursor substances of the organic-inorganic perovskite compounds. These substances can react to generate perovskite compounds with functions close to those of the organic-inorganic perovskite compounds, thereby allowing the perovskite solar cell to have a longer service life even when water and oxygen penetrate into it.

[0146] In some optional embodiments, the organic cation in the organic-inorganic perovskite compound and the organic cation in the organic halide are the same or are homologous to each other.

[0147] In the present application, homologues refer to organic compounds with similar structures and molecular compositions that differ by several "CH2" atomic groups.

[0148] In some embodiments, the organic cation A includes at least one of an optionally substituted ammonium ion.

[0149] In some embodiments, examples of the optionally substituted ammonium ions include alkylammonium ions, such as methylammonium ions, ethylammonium ions, propylammonium ions, butylammonium ions, pentylammonium ions, and hexylammonium ions; amidinium ions, such as methylammonium ions; or imidazolium ions. In the embodiments of the present application, the protective layer can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, and the specific number of layers can be designed according to requirements.

[0150] In some optional embodiments, the protective layer comprises at least one of MOF material, activated carbon, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, molecular sieve, kaolin, ion exchange resin and 2-methylimidazole zinc salt MAF-4 to provide a porous structure.

[0151] [Encapsulation layer]

[0152] The encapsulation layer can encapsulate the perovskite solar cell between the cover plate and the substrate to protect the perovskite solar cell.

[0153] The material of some optional packaging layers in the present application includes at least one of a thermoplastic packaging adhesive, a heat-curing packaging adhesive and a light-curing packaging adhesive.

[0154] Exemplarily, the thermoplastic encapsulant includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene octene copolymer, polyisobutylene, polyolefin encapsulant and butyl rubber. The thermosetting encapsulant includes at least one of epoxy encapsulant, silicone encapsulant and polyurethane encapsulant. The curing encapsulant includes at least one of ultraviolet light curing encapsulant and infrared light curing encapsulant.

[0155] Electrical devices

[0156] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the perovskite solar cell assembly of the third aspect, the perovskite solar cell assembly is used to provide electrical energy. The electrical device including the perovskite solar cell assembly of the third aspect can also be used in the field of energy storage.

[0157] Electrical devices may be in, but are not limited to, the fields of construction, military, travel, national defense, power supply, etc., such as: mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, electric tools, battery vehicles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, photovoltaic greenhouses, photovoltaic water heaters, etc.

[0158] Example

[0159] The following examples more specifically describe the disclosure of the present application, which are intended for illustrative purposes only, as it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the disclosure of the present application. Unless otherwise stated, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examples are by weight, and all reagents used in the examples are commercially available or synthesized according to conventional methods and can be used directly without further processing, and the instruments used in the examples are commercially available.

[0160] Example 1

[0161] The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell module, which comprises the following steps:

[0162] Forming a perovskite solar cell device: taking 20 pieces of ITO conductive glass with a length and width of 2 cm×2.0 cm, removing 0.35 cm of ITO at both ends by laser etching to expose the glass substrate; ultrasonically cleaning the etched ITO conductive glass several times with water, acetone, and isopropanol in sequence; blowing the solvent off the ITO conductive glass under a nitrogen gun, and further cleaning it in an ultraviolet ozone machine to obtain a second electrode layer;

[0163] After spin coating 2 mg / mL of poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) on the UV-ozone treated ITO substrate at a rate of 5000 rpm / s, the substrate was annealed on a hot plate at 100° C. for 10 minutes to obtain an electron transport layer.

[0164] The perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated on the electron transport layer at 1000-5000 rpm / s, annealed at 100°C for 30 minutes, and cooled to room temperature to form a photoelectric conversion layer, in which the perovskite compound was 1.4M Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 )3(CsFAMA) and cadmium telluride quantum dots (0.05%M).

[0165] [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was spin-coated on the photoelectric conversion layer at 1000-1500 rpm / s and annealed at 100°C for 10 min to form a hole transport layer, followed by spin-coating its passivation layer bathocuproin (BCP) at 5000 rpm / s to form an insertion layer, and then spin-coating acetylacetone small molecules at 3000 rpm / s without annealing for standby use.

[0166] The obtained sheet was placed in a vapor deposition machine, and a copper electrode was evaporated to 80 nm at a rate of 1 A / s to obtain a first electrode layer, and acetylacetone small molecules formed a barrier layer to complete the preparation of a perovskite solar cell. A perovskite solar cell device was obtained.

[0167] Embodiments 2 to 6

[0168] The manufacturing methods of Examples 2 to 7 are similar to those of Example 1, except that the thickness of the barrier layer is different. Please refer to Table 1 for details.

[0169] Embodiments 7 to 16

[0170] The manufacturing methods of Examples 7 to 16 are similar to those of Example 1, except that the types of compounds of the barrier layer are different. Please refer to Table 1 for details.

[0171] Embodiment 17

[0172] The manufacturing method of Example 17 is similar to that of Example 1, except that the type of perovskite compound is different, see Table 1 for details.

[0173] Comparative Examples 1-2

[0174] The manufacturing methods of Examples 1-2 are similar to those of Example 1, except that the acetylacetone small molecules are not spin-coated and a barrier layer is not formed.

[0175] Test Section

[0176] Related performance tests of perovskite solar cells:

[0177] In order to verify the advancement of the perovskite solar cells of the embodiments of the present application, the perovskite solar cells provided in the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 7 and the perovskite solar cells provided in comparative examples 1 to 2 were tested, including the relevant properties shown in Table 1.

[0178] The photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PCE 初 )test:

[0179] In standard simulated sunlight (AM 1.5G, 100mW / cm 2 ) irradiation, the battery performance is tested to obtain the IV curve. According to the IV curve and the data fed back by the test equipment, the short-circuit current Jsc (unit: mA / cm 2 ), open circuit voltage Voc (unit V), maximum light output current Jmpp (unit mA) and maximum light output voltage Vmpp (unit V). The fill factor FF of the cell is calculated by the formula FF = Jsc × Voc / (Jmpp × Vmpp), unit %. The photoelectric conversion efficiency PCE of the cell is calculated by the formula PCE = Jsc × Voc × FF / Pw, unit %; Pw represents the input power, unit mW.

[0180] Wet stability test of perovskite solar cells:

[0181] The prepared battery device was placed on a hot stage at 85°C and in a sealed environment (which can be a test room) with a relative humidity of 2% for accelerated testing. After 90 days, the device efficiency was retested (recorded as PCE90), and the efficiency PCE90 and the initial efficiency PCE were calculated. 初 The ratio (PCE90 / PCE 初 ); wherein, the initial efficiency is based on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (denoted as PCE) in the previous paragraph. 初 )Test》Test efficiency.

[0182] The perovskite solar cells obtained in the above embodiment and comparative example were tested according to the above process, and the specific values ​​are shown in Table 1.

[0183]

[0184]

[0185] Note: In Table 1,

[0186] Cs stands for cesium;

[0187] Pb means lead;

[0188] I is iodine;

[0189] MA stands for methylammonium ion, CH3NH3 + ;

[0190] FA stands for formamidinium ion, CH(NH2) 2+ .

[0191] As can be seen from the results in Table 1, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 do not add a barrier layer between the first electrode layer and the first carrier layer. Compared with Examples 4 and 7-17, the present application introduces a barrier layer in the perovskite solar cell. The metal coordination compound in the barrier layer forms a coordination bond with the halogen ions and complexes with the halogen ions, thereby capturing the halogen atoms and blocking the further migration of the halogen atoms. Therefore, the barrier layer can avoid or reduce the possibility of halogen atoms migrating to the first electrode layer and causing the first electrode layer to fail, thereby improving the stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0192] Therefore, the embodiment of the present application controls the ratio of the thickness of the barrier layer to that of the first electrode layer. When the ratio of the thickness of the barrier layer to that of the first electrode layer is increased to a certain extent, the wet stability of the perovskite solar cell can be improved. When the ratio exceeds a certain value, increasing the ratio of the thickness of the barrier layer to that of the first electrode layer has little effect on improving the wet stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0193] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: include: a first carrier transport layer; The first electrode layer comprises one or more of a metal conductor and a conductive metal oxide; A barrier layer, at least a portion of which is disposed between the first electrode layer and the first carrier layer, and the barrier layer comprises a metal coordination compound.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal coordination compound comprises a ligand, and the ligand comprises one or more of an acetylacetonate group, a thienyl group, an ester group, a mercapto group, a toluene-3,4-dimercapto group, and an acetylacetonate diethylenediamine group.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal coordination compound comprises a central atom, wherein the central atom comprises at least one of a copper ion, a magnesium ion, an aluminum ion, a nickel ion, a silver ion, a tin ion, a chromium ion, a bismuth ion, a platinum ion, a vanadium ion, a zinc ion, a molybdenum ion, and a tungsten ion; and / or, The metal element in the metal conductor includes at least one of copper, magnesium, aluminum, nickel, silver, tin, chromium, bismuth, platinum, vanadium, zinc, molybdenum, and tungsten; and / or, The metal element in the metal coordination compound is the same as the metal element in the first electrode layer.

4. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer.

5. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The metal coordination compound includes one or more of acetylacetonate aluminum ion, acetylacetonate silver ion, acetylacetonate copper ion, acetylacetonate platinum ion, acetylacetonate indium ion, acetylacetonate zinc ion, (toluene-3,4-dimercapto) zinc ion, acetylacetonate ethylenediamine copper ion, and acetylacetonate ethylenediamine nickel ion.

6. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The thickness of the barrier layer is ≤10 nm.

7. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The metal conductor includes any one of copper, magnesium, aluminum, nickel, silver, tin, chromium, bismuth, platinum, vanadium, zinc, molybdenum, and tungsten, or an alloy of any of the above; and / or, The conductive metal oxide includes at least one of tin oxide, indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide, and gallium zinc oxide.

8. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The perovskite solar cell comprises an insertion layer, wherein the insertion layer comprises one or more of tin oxide and bathocuproin; the insertion layer is stacked between the first carrier transport layer and the barrier layer.

9. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The perovskite solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion layer containing a perovskite compound, wherein the perovskite compound contains halogen atoms.

10. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: include: providing a first carrier transport layer; applying an organic solvent on one side of the first carrier transport layer, The first electrode layer is prepared on the surface of the organic solvent, comprising: heating a mixture of the first carrier transport layer containing the organic solvent and the first electrode precursor under a protective atmosphere so that the organic solvent reacts to form a ligand to form a barrier layer, wherein the barrier layer is stacked between the first carrier transport layer and the first electrode layer.

11. A perovskite solar cell module, characterized in that: The invention comprises the perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or the perovskite solar cell prepared by the preparation method according to claim 10.

12. An electrical device, characterized in that: The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 11 is used to provide electric energy.

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