A shape memory alloy damper with prestress

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of structural shock absorbing devices, and specifically discloses a shape memory alloy damper with prestress, including a yield type component and a viscous type component, wherein two groups of viscous type components are provided, and the two groups of viscous type components are fixedly connected to both sides of the yield type component; the yield type component includes an energy dissipation core plate, a prestressed diagonal brace, a first support plate, a second support plate, an upper connecting plate, a lower connecting plate, a pretightening bolt, a first pad, an angle plate, a restraining plate, and a second pad, and a plurality of prestressed diagonal braces are provided, and the plurality of prestressed diagonal braces are respectively fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the energy dissipation core plate. The present invention can realize that the damper can overcome the deficiency that the shape memory alloy material itself has a high yield strength and cannot enter the energy dissipation faster than the main structure by adopting a pretightening mechanism, and at the same time give play to the advantages of the shape memory alloy material itself in terms of high ductility and high fatigue resistance, and has the anti-seismic and shock-absorbing effects of multiple coordinated energy dissipation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of structural shock absorbing devices, and in particular to a shape memory alloy damper with prestress. Background Art

[0002] Previous studies and earthquake damage surveys have shown that low-cycle fatigue and ultra-low-cycle fatigue fractures caused by earthquakes are the main causes of earthquake damage to building structures. Longer earthquake duration and aftershocks pose a severe test to the fatigue performance of components and connection nodes. Near-fault pulse earthquakes will also greatly increase the deformation requirements of structural components. As an energy dissipation and shock absorption device, metal yield dampers can enter yield energy consumption before the main structure, consume earthquake energy, and thus protect the main structure.

[0003] At present, the existing technology still has the following areas for improvement: if the energy-dissipating metal core plate of the damper is to have a good energy-dissipating effect under small earthquakes, it will often fail to meet the seismic requirements under large earthquakes due to its low ductility. Traditional metal yield dampers have difficulty in achieving this requirement. Iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) is a new functional material composed of more than two types of metal elements that can undergo phase transformation under temperature and stress. Thanks to the unique stress-induced reversible martensitic phase transformation mechanism, shape memory alloys have excellent low-cycle fatigue performance far exceeding that of ordinary building structural steel. Using Fe-SMA as the main energy-dissipating core material of the metal yield damper can greatly improve the fatigue performance of the damper and the ductility performance under large earthquakes. However, Fe-SMA materials often have a generally high yield strength, which makes it difficult to achieve energy dissipation under small earthquakes. Moreover, traditional metal yield dampers often have low out-of-plane stiffness, and most of the steel components that require out-of-plane constraints have large material losses and low steel utilization. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a shape memory alloy damper with prestress, which can realize that the damper adopts a pre-tightening force mechanism to overcome the deficiency that the shape memory alloy material itself has a high yield strength and cannot enter the energy consumption faster than the main structure. At the same time, the advantages of the shape memory alloy material itself, such as high ductility and high fatigue resistance, are brought into play, and it has the anti-seismic and shock-absorbing effects of multiple coordinated energy consumption.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A prestressed shape memory alloy damper comprises a yield type component and a viscous type component, wherein two groups of the viscous type components are provided, and the two groups of the viscous type components are fixedly connected to both sides of the yield type component;

[0007] The yield type component includes an energy-absorbing core plate, a prestressed diagonal brace, a first support plate, a second support plate, an upper connecting plate, a lower connecting plate, a pretightening bolt, a first pad, an angle plate, a constraint plate and a second pad. The prestressed diagonal brace is provided with a plurality of them, and the plurality of prestressed diagonal braces are respectively fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the energy-absorbing core plate, the first support plate is fixedly connected to one side of the energy-absorbing core plate, the second support plate is fixedly connected to the other side of the energy-absorbing core plate, the upper connecting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the energy-absorbing core plate, and the lower connecting plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the energy-absorbing core plate. The constraint plates are provided with a plurality of them, and the plurality of constraint plates are respectively fixedly connected between the first support plate and the prestressed diagonal brace and between the second support plate and the prestressed diagonal brace;

[0008] The viscous component includes a base, a fixed block, a viscous damper, a measuring rod, a tension spring, a limit block, a liquid tank and a slide rail. The base is fixedly connected to the lower connecting plate, the fixed block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper connecting plate, and there are multiple limit blocks, which are respectively fixedly connected above the base and below the fixed block.

[0009] Preferably, the viscous damper is rotatably connected between the limit blocks arranged above the base and below the fixed block, the measuring rod is slidably connected between the base and the fixed block through the slide rail, the upper part of the measuring rod passes through the fixed block, and a plurality of tension springs are provided, and the plurality of tension springs are respectively located on both sides of the measuring rod, and the tension springs are fixedly connected between the base and the fixed block.

[0010] Preferably, the liquid placing groove is arranged inside the fixed block, the liquid placing groove is filled with warning liquid, the bottom of the liquid placing groove is a film, and the slide rail corresponds to the position of the liquid placing groove.

[0011] Preferably, the first pad and the second pad are respectively connected to the lower connecting plate and the upper connecting plate through the pre-tightening bolts, and the second pad and the first pad are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the prestressed diagonal brace.

[0012] Preferably, the prestressed diagonal brace is arranged in an inclined manner, and a horizontal angle θ between the prestressed diagonal brace and the lower connecting plate is 75 degrees.

[0013] Preferably, the plurality of prestressed diagonal braces located on the same side of the energy-absorbing core plate form a herringbone arrangement.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of the angle plates are provided, and the plurality of the angle plates are respectively fixedly connected to the upper portion and the lower portion of the first support plate and the second support plate, and the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate are fixedly connected to adjacent angle plates.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of through holes are provided on the upper part and the lower part of the energy dissipation core plate.

[0016] Preferably, the fixing block is convex in shape, the base is concave in shape, and the fixing block matches the base.

[0017] Preferably, the energy dissipation core plate is made of a high-ductility iron-based shape memory alloy material.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] (1) By setting a yield type component, the technical effect that can be achieved is that the pre-tightening force is applied by tightening the pre-tightening bolts, so that the prestressed brace bears the pre-tension force. The pre-tightening force has a pre-squeezing effect on the energy dissipation core plate, so that the energy dissipation core plate can enter the yield energy dissipation under a small shear load. A plurality of through holes are opened on the upper and lower parts of the energy dissipation core plate, so that the plastic strain of the energy dissipation core plate under the action of earthquake is more uniform, thereby improving the overall ductility of the energy dissipation core plate, overcoming the deficiency that the shape memory alloy core plate material itself has a high yield strength and cannot enter the energy dissipation state before the main structure, and at the same time, the advantages of the shape memory alloy material itself, such as high ductility and high fatigue resistance, are brought into play.

[0020] (2) By setting up a viscous component, the technical effect that can be achieved is that the measuring rod is connected between the base and the fixed block through a sliding rail, and the upper part of the measuring rod passes through the fixed block. The measuring rod can monitor the external force applied to the damper. When the external force exceeds the maximum load-bearing capacity of the damper, the measuring rod slides through the sliding rail and punctures the film at the bottom of the liquid tank, causing the warning liquid in the liquid tank to flow out, thereby playing a warning role and facilitating subsequent timely discovery and maintenance.

[0021] (3) By setting up a viscous component, a technical effect that can be achieved is that multiple tension springs are respectively located on both sides of the measuring rod, and the tension springs are fixedly connected between the base and the fixed block. When the damper is in a stable state, the tension springs are in a stretched state, and a tensile pre-tightening force is applied to the fixed block and the base, so that the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate are subjected to the pre-tightening force. The pre-tightening force has a pre-compression effect on the energy-absorbing core plate, so that the energy-absorbing core plate can enter the yield energy absorption under a small shear load. The coordinated use of the tension spring and the damper can increase the overall stability of the damper. The tension spring provides a restoring force and provides a smoother movement.

[0022] (4) By combining yield-type components with viscous components, more energy dissipation and damping effects can be provided, the overall fatigue resistance of the damper can be improved, its strength and toughness can be better maintained during multiple yield and recovery processes, and the problem of strength drop after yield can be improved, the strength and stiffness of the damper can be maintained, and the service life of the damper can be extended.

[0023] (5) By designing the size and placement angle of the prestressed braces, the yield bearing capacity of the energy-absorbing core plate is significantly reduced after the preload is applied, so that the prestressed braces can also play a bearing role, and the damper can enter the yield energy dissipation stage before the main structure, overcoming the problem of the high yield bearing capacity caused by the high yield strength of the original SMA core plate material. At the same time, the coordination of the yield type component and the viscous type component enables the damper to realize multiple yield energy dissipation mechanisms, so that the damper can better adapt to the bearing and energy dissipation effects under different earthquake action intensities of small earthquakes, medium earthquakes, and large earthquakes, and improve the energy dissipation proportion of the damper at each stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 A perspective view of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a front view of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a right side view of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the yield type component and the viscous type component in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a top view of the yield type component and the viscous type component in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 is a structural diagram of the viscous component in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 is a structural diagram of the yield type component in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the liquid placing tank, the slide rail and the measuring rod in the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 9 It is a stress state analysis diagram of the present invention;

[0034] Description of main component symbols:

[0035] In the figure: 1. energy-absorbing core plate; 2. prestressed diagonal brace; 3. first support plate; 4. second support plate; 5. upper connecting plate; 6. lower connecting plate; 7. pre-tightening bolts; 8. first pad; 9. angle plate; 10. constraint plate; 11. base; 12. fixing block; 13. viscous damper; 14. measuring rod; 15. tension spring; 16. limit block; 17. second pad; 18. liquid tank; 19. slide rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by "inside" or "outside" is based on the orientation or position described in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, specific orientation structure and operation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0038] Reference Figures 1 to 8 The present invention discloses a prestressed shape memory alloy damper, comprising a yield type component and a viscous type component, wherein two groups of viscous type components are provided, and the two groups of viscous type components are fixedly connected to both sides of the yield type component;

[0039] The yield type component includes an energy-absorbing core plate 1, a prestressed diagonal brace 2, a first support plate 3, a second support plate 4, an upper connecting plate 5, a lower connecting plate 6, a pretightening bolt 7, a first pad 8, an angle plate 9, a constraint plate 10 and a second pad 17. A plurality of prestressed diagonal braces 2 are provided, and the plurality of prestressed diagonal braces 2 are respectively fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the energy-absorbing core plate 1. In this embodiment, four prestressed diagonal braces 2 are provided, and two are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the energy-absorbing core plate 1. The first support plate 3 is fixedly connected to one side of the energy-absorbing core plate 1, and the second support plate 4 is fixedly connected to the other side of the energy-absorbing core plate 1. In this embodiment, the first support plate 3 and the second support plate 4 are both made of Q235 steel. The upper connecting plate 5 is fixedly connected to the top of the energy-absorbing core plate 1, and the lower connecting plate 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the energy-absorbing core plate 1. A plurality of constraint plates 10 are provided, and the plurality of constraint plates 10 are respectively fixedly connected between the first support plate 3 and the prestressed diagonal brace 2 and between the second support plate 4 and the prestressed diagonal brace 2;

[0040] The viscous component includes a base 11, a fixed block 12, a viscous damper 13, a measuring rod 14, a tension spring 15, a limit block 16, a liquid tank 18 and a slide rail 19. The base 11 is fixedly connected to the lower connecting plate 6, the fixed block 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper connecting plate 5, a plurality of limit blocks 16 are provided, and the plurality of limit blocks 16 are respectively fixedly connected above the base 11 and below the fixed block 12; the liquid tank 18 is provided inside the fixed block 12, and the liquid tank 18 is filled with warning liquid. The bottom of the liquid tank 18 is a thin film, and the slide rail 19 corresponds to the position of the liquid tank 18.

[0041] Reference Figures 1 to 4 as well as Figure 6 The viscous damper 13 is rotatably connected between the limit blocks 16 arranged above the base 11 and below the fixed block 12. The measuring rod 14 is slidably connected between the base 11 and the fixed block 12 through the slide rail 19. The upper part of the measuring rod 14 passes through the fixed block 12. The measuring rod 14 can monitor the external force exerted on the damper. When the external force exceeds the maximum bearing capacity of the damper, the measuring rod 14 slides through the slide rail 19, puncturing the film at the bottom of the liquid tank 18, so that the warning liquid in the liquid tank 18 flows out, which plays a warning role and is convenient for subsequent timely discovery and maintenance. A plurality of tension springs 15 are provided, and the plurality of tension springs 15 are respectively located on both sides of the measuring rod 14. 15 is fixedly connected between the base 11 and the fixed block 12. When the damper is in a stable state, the tension spring 15 is in a stretched state, and a tensile pre-tightening force is applied to the fixed block 12 and the base 11, so that the upper connecting plate 5 and the lower connecting plate 6 are subjected to the pre-tightening force. The pre-tightening force pre-compresses the energy-absorbing core plate 1, so that the energy-absorbing core plate 1 can enter the yield energy-absorbing state under a small shear load. The coordinated use of the tension spring 15 and the damper can increase the overall stability of the damper. The tension spring 15 provides a restoring force, which can quickly return to its original position after the damper is subjected to an external force, and can more effectively absorb impacts and provide smoother movement.

[0042] Reference Figures 1 to 4 as well as Figure 7 The first pad 8 and the second pad 17 are respectively connected to the lower connecting plate 6 and the upper connecting plate 5 by pre-tightening bolts 7, and the second pad 17 and the first pad 8 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the prestressed diagonal brace 2; the pre-tightening bolts 7 are tightened to apply pre-tightening force, so that the prestressed diagonal brace 2 is subjected to pre-tensioning force, and the pre-tightening force has a pre-extrusion effect on the energy-absorbing core plate 1, so that the energy-absorbing core plate 1 can enter the yield energy-absorbing state under the action of a small shear load, overcoming the deficiency that the shape memory alloy core plate material itself has a high yield strength and cannot enter the energy-absorbing state before the main structure, and at the same time giving play to the advantages of the shape memory alloy material itself in terms of ductility and high fatigue resistance, the prestressed diagonal brace 2 is arranged in an inclined manner, and the horizontal angle θ between the prestressed diagonal brace 2 and the lower connecting plate 6 is 75 degrees; a plurality of prestressed diagonal braces 2 located on the same side of the energy-absorbing core plate 1 form a herringbone arrangement.

[0043] By combining yield-type components with viscous components, more energy dissipation and damping effects can be provided, the overall fatigue resistance of the damper can be improved, its strength and toughness can be better maintained during multiple yield and recovery processes, and the problem of strength drop after yield can be improved, the strength and stiffness of the damper can be maintained, and the service life of the damper can be extended.

[0044] Reference Figures 1 to 4 as well as Figure 6, multiple angle plates 9 are provided, and the multiple angle plates 9 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower parts of the first support plate 3 and the second support plate 4, and the upper connecting plate 5 and the lower connecting plate 6 are fixedly connected to the adjacent angle plates 9; multiple through holes are opened on the upper and lower parts of the energy-absorbing core plate 1, so that the plastic strain of the energy-absorbing core plate 1 under the action of earthquake is more uniform, and the overall ductility of the energy-absorbing core plate 1 is improved; the fixed block 12 is arranged in a convex shape, and the base 11 is arranged in a concave shape, and the fixed block 12 and the base 11 are matched; the energy-absorbing core plate 1 is made of high-ductility iron-based shape memory alloy material.

[0045] The following is an example of the design process for adjusting the preload force of the prestressed brace 2 and the preload force of the tension spring 15:

[0046] The horizontal rectangular cross-section size of the energy-absorbing core plate 1 is 8mm*350mm, corresponding to the cross-sectional area A1=2800mm 2 , energy dissipation core plate 1 material yield strength The prestressing force N1=85 is applied to each prestressed brace 2. , the total preload applied by multiple sets of tension springs 15 is N2=20 , the vertical force of the four diagonal braces:

[0047] (1)

[0048] The vertical pressure borne by the energy dissipation core plate 1 is balanced with it, so the vertical compressive stress generated by the prestressed brace 2 on the energy dissipation core plate 1 is:

[0049] (2)

[0050] When the energy dissipation core plate 1 is subjected to horizontal load When the energy dissipation core plate 1 mainly bears the shear stress caused by the horizontal load and the horizontal and vertical compressive stress caused by the prestressing force of the prestressed brace 2, refer to Fig. 9 ,in:

[0051] (3)

[0052] According to the plane stress state analysis, the principal stress of the energy dissipation core plate 1 is:

[0053] , (4)

[0054] The energy dissipation core plate 1 is not subjected to out-of-plane loads, and the out-of-plane principal stress is 0, according to the fourth strength theory, the equivalent stress of the core plate 1 is:

[0055] (5)

[0056] When the energy dissipation core plate 1 material yields, According to equations (3) and (5), the horizontal yield bearing capacity of the energy dissipation core plate 1 can be obtained as:

[0057] ,

[0058] When no preload is applied, the yield capacity is:

[0059] ,

[0060] It can be seen that after the preload is applied, the yield bearing capacity of the energy dissipation core plate 1 is significantly reduced, with a reduction of 11%.

[0061] This means that the damper enters the yield energy dissipation stage before the main structure, thus overcoming the problem of high yield bearing capacity caused by the high yield strength of the original SMA core plate material.

[0062] The horizontal yield bearing capacity of the energy dissipation core plate 1 before and after the preload is applied is taken as the yield force adjustment coefficient .

[0063] Combining the above formulas, we can get:

[0064] (6)

[0065] According to the above formula, by adjusting the preload force and the tilt angle of the prestressed brace 2 and the preload force of the tension spring 15, the required downward adjustment amplitude of the yield bearing capacity can be achieved.

[0066] By designing the size and placement angle of the prestressed diagonal brace 2, the prestressed diagonal brace 2 can also play a load-bearing role, and at the same time, the cooperation of the yield type component and the viscous type component enables the damper to achieve multiple yield energy dissipation mechanisms, so that the damper can better adapt to the load-bearing energy dissipation effects under different earthquake intensities such as small earthquakes, medium earthquakes and large earthquakes, and improve the energy consumption ratio of the damper at each stage.

[0067] The working principle and use process of the present invention are as follows: when the damper is in a stable state, the pre-tightening bolt 7 is tightened to apply a pre-tightening force, so that the pre-stressed diagonal brace 2 is subjected to a pre-tensioning force, and the pre-tightening force exerts a pre-compression effect on the energy-consuming core plate 1;

[0068] The tension spring 15 is in a stretched state, applying a tensile preload to the fixed block 12 and the base 11, so that the upper connecting plate 5 and the lower connecting plate 6 are subjected to the preload. The preload exerts a pre-compression effect on the energy-absorbing core plate 1, so that the energy-absorbing core plate 1 can enter the yield energy-absorbing state under a relatively small shear load.

[0069] The measuring rod 14 monitors the external force applied to the damper. When the external force exceeds the maximum load-bearing capacity of the damper, the measuring rod 14 slides through the slide rail 19, puncturing the film at the bottom of the liquid tank 18, causing the warning liquid in the liquid tank 18 to flow out, thereby providing a warning.

[0070] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shape memory alloy damper with prestress, characterized in that: It comprises a yield type component and a viscous type component, wherein the viscous type component is provided in two groups, and the two groups of the viscous type components are fixedly connected to both sides of the yield type component; The yield type component comprises an energy dissipation core plate (1), a prestressed diagonal brace (2), a first support plate (3), a second support plate (4), an upper connecting plate (5), a lower connecting plate (6), a pre-tightening bolt (7), a first pad (8), an angle plate (9), a constraint plate (10) and a second pad (17), wherein a plurality of prestressed diagonal braces (2) are provided, and the plurality of prestressed diagonal braces (2) are respectively fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the energy dissipation core plate (1), the first support plate (3) is fixedly connected to one side of the energy dissipation core plate (1), the second support plate (4) is fixedly connected to the other side of the energy dissipation core plate (1), the upper connecting plate (5) is fixedly connected to the top of the energy dissipation core plate (1), the lower connecting plate (6) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the energy dissipation core plate (1), and a plurality of constraint plates (10) are provided, and the plurality of constraint plates ( 10) are respectively fixedly connected between the first support plate (3) and the prestressed diagonal brace (2) and between the second support plate (4) and the prestressed diagonal brace (2); the first pad (8) and the second pad (17) are respectively connected to the lower connecting plate (6) and the upper connecting plate (5) through the pre-tightening bolts (7); the second pad (17) and the first pad (8) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the prestressed diagonal brace (2); a plurality of angle plates (9) are provided, and the plurality of angle plates (9) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower parts of the first support plate (3) and the second support plate (4); the upper connecting plate (5) and the lower connecting plate (6) are fixedly connected to adjacent angle plates (9); and the energy dissipation core plate (1) is made of a high-ductility iron-based shape memory alloy material; The viscous component comprises a base (11), a fixed block (12), a viscous damper (13), a measuring rod (14), a tension spring (15), a limit block (16), a liquid tank (18) and a slide rail (19); the base (11) is fixedly connected to the lower connecting plate (6); the fixed block (12) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the upper connecting plate (5); a plurality of limit blocks (16) are provided, and the plurality of limit blocks (16) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper part of the base (11) and the lower part of the fixed block (12); the viscous damper (13) is rotatably connected to the limit blocks provided above the base (11) and below the fixed block (12). (16), the measuring rod (14) is slidably connected between the base (11) and the fixed block (12) through the slide rail (19), the upper part of the measuring rod (14) passes through the fixed block (12), a plurality of tension springs (15) are provided, and the plurality of tension springs (15) are respectively located on both sides of the measuring rod (14), the tension springs (15) are fixedly connected between the base (11) and the fixed block (12), the liquid placing groove (18) is provided inside the fixed block (12), the liquid placing groove (18) is filled with warning liquid, the bottom of the liquid placing groove (18) is a thin film, and the slide rail (19) corresponds to the position of the liquid placing groove (18).

2. The prestressed shape memory alloy damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prestressed diagonal brace (2) is arranged in an inclined manner, and a horizontal angle θ between the prestressed diagonal brace (2) and the lower connecting plate (6) is 75 degrees.

3. The prestressed shape memory alloy damper according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plurality of prestressed diagonal braces (2) located on the same side of the energy dissipation core plate (1) form a herringbone arrangement.

4. The prestressed shape memory alloy damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part and the lower part of the energy dissipation core plate (1) are both provided with a plurality of through holes.

5. The prestressed shape memory alloy damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing block (12) is arranged in a quasi-convex shape, and the base (11) is arranged in a quasi-concave shape, and the fixing block (12) and the base (11) match each other.

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