A high-repetition-rate phased array high-power microwave system

Abstract

The present invention provides a high-repetition-rate phased array high-power microwave system, which relates to the field of high-power microwave technology, and includes a high-repetition-rate pulse source unit, a gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit, a transmission and radiation unit, a magnetic field and phase adjustment unit, and a monitoring and control unit. The present invention adjusts the phase of the output electromagnetic wave through the bias magnetic field of the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line type high-power microwave source itself, and adopts a multi-channel combination to achieve the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves between different channels, and realizes the phase scanning function of the output electromagnetic wave of the entire high-power microwave system by regulating the output phase of the multi-channel electromagnetic wave. The present invention can achieve high-power microwave output with a repetition rate of several kHz or even above MHz and with phase electronic scanning capability, which effectively solves the technical problems of low repetition rate and difficulty in achieving phased array output in traditional high-power microwave systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of high-power microwaves, and in particular to a high-repetition-rate phased array high-power microwave system based on a gyromagnetic ferrite nonlinear transmission line and a photoconductive fast switch. Background Art

[0002] High-power microwaves refer to electromagnetic waves with a peak power greater than 100MW and a frequency of 1~300GHz. The microwave beams radiated directionally by high-power microwave devices can damage, degrade, disrupt, and interfere with target electronic information systems, effectively attacking targets such as information chains, unmanned aerial vehicles, and C4ISR systems, and have important military and security application value. Conventional high-power microwave systems are limited by factors such as the recovery ability of spark gap switches in pulse drive sources and the heat dissipation of electric vacuum microwave source devices, resulting in a low repetition frequency of high-power microwave signals output, generally in the order of tens to hundreds of hertz. In addition, due to working under high power conditions, conventional high-power microwave systems find it difficult to achieve the effect of electrical scanning of the output signal phase. Although phase scanning can be achieved by adding a phase shifter, the design of the phase shifter is extremely difficult and causes the system to be too large in size and weight.

[0003] The invention patent with publication number CN115799791A provides a high-power microwave generation system based on multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission lines. It includes a pulse power source, a multi-channel power divider, an N-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line system and N radiating antenna systems; the ferrite nonlinear transmission line system includes a microwave generating unit and a delay control unit; the N delay control units are all independently controlled; the output end of the pulse power source is connected to the input end of the multi-channel power divider, the output end of the multi-channel power divider is connected to the input end of the N microwave generating units, the output end of the microwave generating unit is connected to the input end of the delay control unit for generating delay; the output ends of the N delay control units are connected to the corresponding input ends of the radiating antenna system, and the output ends of the N radiating antenna system are used for radiating output. However, the high-power microwave generation system has the following problems: (1) The system can only solve the technical problem of "poor output waveform quality caused by gradual attenuation of output amplitude" and cannot provide high-power microwave output of high-repetition-rate phased array; (2) The system uses a Tesla transformer-type pulse power source, which has a low output frequency and is difficult to achieve high repetition rate and solid-state output; (3) The system uses a pulse power source plus a power divider to provide multiple pulse signals, which is not conducive to independent and flexible control of multiple channels, and the power divider is large in size and weight, and difficult to design.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to study a high-repetition-rate phased array high-power microwave system based on gyromagnetic ferrite nonlinear transmission lines and optical fast switches to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems in the background technology that the conventional high-power microwave system has a low output microwave repetition frequency and is difficult to achieve output phase electrical scanning, the present invention provides a high-repetition-rate phased array high-power microwave system based on gyromagnetic ferrite nonlinear transmission lines and photoconductive fast switches, wherein the phase of the output electromagnetic wave is adjusted by the bias magnetic field of the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line type high-power microwave source itself, and the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves between different paths is achieved in the form of a multi-path combination, and the phase scanning function of the output electromagnetic wave of the entire high-power microwave system is achieved by regulating the output phase of the multi-path electromagnetic waves.

[0006] Based on the above technical objectives, the present invention provides a high-repetition-rate phased array high-power microwave system, which includes a magnetic field and phase adjustment unit, a plurality of sequentially connected high-repetition-rate pulse source units, a gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit, and a transmission and radiation unit;

[0007] The high repetition rate pulse source unit is used to convert primary electrical energy and realize high repetition rate electrical pulse output by using photoconductive fast switch;

[0008] The gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit is used to modulate high repetition rate fast pulses into high power microwave signals;

[0009] The transmission and radiation unit is used to efficiently transmit and radiate high-power microwave signals;

[0010] The magnetic field and phase adjustment unit is electrically connected to the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit and the transmission and radiation unit respectively, and is used to provide a bias magnetic field for the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit and simultaneously regulate the phase and frequency of the output electromagnetic wave of the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the high repetition rate phased array high-power microwave system also includes a monitoring and control unit; the monitoring and control unit is electrically connected to the high repetition rate pulse source unit, the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit, the transmission and radiation unit, and the magnetic field and phase adjustment unit respectively.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the high repetition rate pulse source unit includes a laser modulation source module, and a primary power supply module, a pulse forming line module and a photoconductive switch module which are coaxially arranged and connected in sequence; the laser modulation source module is connected to the photoconductive switch module.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the photoconductive switch module includes a switch cavity, a photoconductive semiconductor chip and a trigger laser beam; the trigger laser beam is introduced into the switch cavity from the outside and connected to the laser modulation source module through a guiding optical path.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the primary power supply module is used to perform preliminary boosting and shaping on the input electrical signal, and process the input voltage electrical signal into a high-voltage pulse signal with predetermined voltage and waveform characteristics. The laser modulation source module is used to generate a laser output signal with predetermined power and specific waveform, which is used to control the photoconductive switch module. The primary power supply module, the pulse forming line module and the photoconductive switch module are all integrated in the metal cavity, and the actual structure of each module is preferably coaxially arranged. The laser modulation source module is preferably integrated with the primary power supply module, and the laser signal output by it is injected into the photoconductive switch module using a guiding optical path.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the pulse forming line module includes an inner / outer conductor of the transmission line and a transmission line input / output electrode; the electrical signal of the primary power supply module is introduced into the inner conductor of the transmission line through the transmission line input electrode, and the output signal of the pulse forming line module is introduced into the photoconductive switch module through the transmission line output electrode.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the pulse forming line module adopts a coaxial transmission line structure, including an inner conductor of the transmission line, an outer conductor of the transmission line, an insulating support plate, a transmission line input electrode and a transmission line output electrode. The electrical signal of the primary power supply module is introduced into the inner conductor of the transmission line through the transmission line input electrode, and the output signal channel of the pulse forming line module is introduced into the photoconductive switch module through the transmission line output electrode. The inner conductor of the transmission line and the outer conductor of the transmission line form a coaxial structure, and the inner conductor of the transmission line is hollowed out to reduce the weight. The inner conductor of the transmission line is fixed in position by an insulating support plate, a transmission line input electrode and a transmission line output electrode. An insulating medium with a high dielectric constant is filled between the inner conductor of the transmission line and the outer conductor of the transmission line, and optional materials include sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, transformer oil, potting glue, etc.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the photoconductive switch module is mainly composed of a photoconductive semiconductor chip and a metal electrode using a planar electrode. The conduction of the photoconductive semiconductor chip is triggered by a high-repetition-rate laser with appropriate energy to achieve a high-repetition-rate output of the entire system. The photoconductive switch module includes a switch cavity, a switch input electrode, a switch output electrode, a photoconductive semiconductor chip, a trigger laser beam and an insulating support plate. The switch cavity is connected to the outer conductor of the transmission line, and the switch input electrode is connected to the output electrode of the transmission line. The switch input electrode and the switch output electrode are placed in parallel, and the photoconductive semiconductor chip is fixed between the input planar electrode and the output planar electrode. The trigger laser beam is introduced into the switch cavity from the outside and connected to the laser modulation source module through a guiding optical path. The switch cavity is filled with a suitable insulating medium, and optional materials include sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, dry air, etc.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit includes gyromagnetic inner / outer conductors and a magnet; the magnet includes a cylindrical magnetic ring arranged in the middle and conical magnetic rings arranged at both ends.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit also includes a solenoid wound on the gyromagnetic outer conductor shell; the solenoid includes a phase-modulating solenoid and a bias solenoid that are independently powered; the phase-modulating solenoid is placed in front of the bias solenoid.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit includes a gyromagnetic outer conductor, a gyromagnetic inner conductor, a magnet, a solenoid, and a solenoid housing. The gyromagnetic outer conductor is connected to the switch cavity, the gyromagnetic inner conductor is connected to the switch output electrode, the magnet is fixed on the gyromagnetic inner conductor, the solenoid is wound on the gyromagnetic outer conductor housing, and the solenoid housing realizes the overall encapsulation of the solenoid. An insulating medium with a high dielectric constant is filled between the gyromagnetic inner conductor and the gyromagnetic outer conductor, and the optional materials include sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, transformer oil, potting glue, etc.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the magnet is formed by stacking a plurality of magnetic rings, including a cylindrical magnetic ring and a conical magnetic ring. The two ends of the magnet are conical magnetic rings, and the middle is a cylindrical magnetic ring. This design realizes a smooth transition between the impedance of the magnetic segment and the impedance of the non-magnetic segment, so as to maximize the efficiency of electromagnetic wave transmission. The edges of all magnetic rings are rounded to reduce the possibility of electric field breakdown.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the magnet is made of a magnetic material with gyromagnetic properties, preferably a gyromagnetic material with a rectangular hysteresis loop, so as to reduce the strength requirement of the bias magnetic field.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, the phase-adjusting solenoid is placed in front of the bias solenoid, and the winding methods of the two are consistent. The actual number of turns of the phase-adjusting solenoid and the bias solenoid should match the magnetic field size required for phase adjustment and magnetic field bias. The phase-adjusting solenoid and the bias solenoid are powered by independent power supplies, and both power supplies have the function of real-time adjustment of output current over a wide range.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, the transmission and radiation unit includes a feed inner conductor, an antenna base plate, and a radiation plate respectively connected to the gyromagnetic inner / outer conductor; the feed inner conductor is a conical gradient structure to achieve a smooth transition of the mechanical structure between the gyromagnetic inner conductor and the radiation plate; the radiation plate includes an antenna first radiation plate and an antenna second radiation plate, both of which are gradient structures; the opening angle between the antenna first radiation plate and the antenna second radiation plate is gradually increased.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, the transmission and radiation unit includes an antenna base plate, a feed inner conductor, a feed insulating plate, an antenna first radiation plate, an antenna second radiation plate and an antenna cover. The antenna base plate is connected to the gyromagnetic outer conductor, the feed inner conductor is connected to the gyromagnetic inner conductor, the antenna first radiation plate is connected to the feed inner conductor and the antenna base plate, and the antenna second radiation plate is connected to the antenna base plate. The feed inner conductor is a conical gradient structure to achieve a smooth transition of the mechanical structure between the gyromagnetic inner conductor and the first radiation plate of the antenna. The first radiation plate of the antenna and the second radiation plate of the antenna are both made into gradient structures, and the opening angle between the two gradually increases to achieve a wide operating frequency band. The antenna cover is fixed on the antenna base plate, enclosing the first radiation plate and the second radiation plate of the antenna. The interior of the antenna cover is filled with an inert insulating gas of suitable pressure, preferably sulfur hexafluoride. The standing wave 3dB bandwidth of the transmission and radiation unit should be greater than the 3dB bandwidth of the electromagnetic wave signal output by the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present invention, the magnetic field and phase adjustment unit includes a phase adjustment solenoid current control module and a bias solenoid current control module respectively connected to the phase adjustment solenoid and the bias solenoid.

[0027] As a further improvement of the present invention, in the high repetition rate phased array high-power microwave system, the high repetition rate pulse source unit, the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit and the transmission and radiation unit are assembled in sequence and configured in multiple paths according to a predetermined array structure, and share the same magnetic field and phase adjustment unit and monitoring and control unit.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The high-repetition-rate phased array high-power microwave system provided by the present invention has modular design for all units, and can be flexibly combined in multiple ways according to actual requirements and usage space to increase output power. Its phased array function is realized by the multi-way combination of each unit. The high-repetition-rate pulse source unit, the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit and the transmission and radiation unit are configured in multiple ways, and a common magnetic field and phase adjustment unit and a monitoring and control unit are used in the same way. Signal monitoring and control of the entire multi-way system are achieved through the monitoring and control unit. The phase control of the output electromagnetic waves of different gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line units is achieved through the magnetic field and phase adjustment unit, and the effect of adjustable phase and electrical scanning of the output electromagnetic waves of the entire system is achieved through the combination and superposition of electromagnetic waves output with different phases.

[0030] 2. The high-repetition-rate phased array high-power microwave system provided by the present invention greatly improves the repetition rate of the output electromagnetic wave of the high-power microwave system by adopting the innovative combination of the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line type high-power microwave source and the photoconductive fast switch, so that its coupling efficiency to the target is higher. The phase of the output electromagnetic wave is adjusted by the bias magnetic field of the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line type high-power microwave source itself, and the phase difference of the electromagnetic wave between different paths is realized in the form of a multi-path combination. The phase scanning function of the output electromagnetic wave of the entire high-power microwave system is realized by regulating the output phase of the multi-path electromagnetic wave.

[0031] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the composition of the high repetition rate phased array high power microwave system provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a high-repetition-rate phased array high-power microwave system provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the magnet structure of the high repetition rate phased array high power microwave system provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of a 50-channel synthesis embodiment of a high-repetition-rate phased array high-power microwave system provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a typical output waveform of an embodiment of the high repetition rate phased array high power microwave system provided by the present invention.

[0038] Description of reference numerals:

[0039] 100, high repetition rate pulse source unit; 110, primary power supply module; 120, laser modulation source module; 130, pulse forming line module; 131, transmission line inner conductor; 132, transmission line outer conductor; 133, insulating support plate; 134, transmission line input electrode; 135, transmission line output electrode; 140, photoconductive switch module; 141, switch cavity; 142, switch input electrode; 143, switch output electrode; 144, photoconductive semiconductor chip; 145, trigger laser beam;

[0040] 200, gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit; 201, gyromagnetic outer conductor; 202, gyromagnetic inner conductor; 203, magnet; 2031, conical magnetic ring; 2032, cylindrical magnetic ring; 204, solenoid; 205, solenoid housing;

[0041] 300, transmission and radiation unit; 301, antenna bottom plate; 302, feed inner conductor; 303, feed insulation plate; 304, antenna first radiation plate; 305, antenna second radiation plate; 306, antenna cover;

[0042] 400, magnetic field and phase adjustment unit;

[0043] 500. Monitoring and control unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0046] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0047] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of the phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0049] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0050] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0052] In order to solve the technical problems that conventional high-power microwave systems have low microwave repetition frequency and are difficult to achieve output phase electrical scanning, the present invention provides a high-repetition-rate phased array high-power microwave system based on gyromagnetic ferrite nonlinear transmission lines and photoconductive fast switches, wherein the phase of the output electromagnetic wave is adjusted by the bias magnetic field of the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line type high-power microwave source itself, and the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves between different paths is achieved in the form of a multi-path combination, and the phase scanning function of the output electromagnetic wave of the entire high-power microwave system is achieved by regulating the output phase of the multi-path electromagnetic waves.

[0053] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a high repetition rate phased array high power microwave system, which includes a high repetition rate pulse source unit 100, a gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit 200, a transmission and radiation unit 300, a magnetic field and phase adjustment unit 400, and a monitoring and control unit 500.

[0054] The high repetition rate pulse source unit 100 mainly transforms primary electrical energy to achieve high repetition rate fast pulse output to stimulate the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit 200, and uses a photoconductive fast switch to achieve high repetition rate electrical pulse output. The gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit 200 is used to modulate high repetition rate fast pulses into high-power microwave signals, and has the ability to operate at high repetition rate and adjust the output microwave phase. The transmission and radiation unit 300 is used for efficient transmission and external radiation of high-power microwave signals. The magnetic field and phase adjustment unit 400 is used to provide a bias magnetic field for the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line, and has the function of adjusting the phase of the electromagnetic wave output by the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line. The monitoring and control unit 500 is used to monitor the key signals and operation control of the entire system.

[0055] See also Figure 2 As shown, the high repetition rate pulse source unit 100 includes a primary power supply module 110 , a laser modulation source module 120 , a pulse forming line module 130 and a photoconductive switch module 140 .

[0056] The primary power supply module 110 is used to perform preliminary boosting and shaping on the input electrical signal, and process the input voltage electrical signal into a high-voltage pulse signal with predetermined voltage and waveform characteristics. The laser modulation source module 120 is used to generate a laser output signal with predetermined power and specific waveform, which is used to control the photoconductive switch module 140. The primary power supply module 110, the pulse forming line module 130 and the photoconductive switch module 140 are all integrated in the metal cavity, and the actual structure of each module is preferably coaxially arranged. The laser modulation source module 120 is preferably integrated with the primary power supply module 110, and the laser signal outputted by it is injected into the photoconductive switch module 140 by using a guiding optical path.

[0057] See also Figure 2As shown, the pulse forming line module 130 adopts a coaxial transmission line structure, including a transmission line inner conductor 131 , a transmission line outer conductor 132 , an insulating support plate 133 , a transmission line input electrode 134 and a transmission line output electrode 135 .

[0058] The electrical signal of the primary power module 110 is introduced into the transmission line inner conductor 131 through the transmission line input electrode 134, and the output signal of the pulse forming line module 130 is introduced into the photoconductive switch module 140 through the transmission line output electrode 135. The transmission line inner conductor 131 and the transmission line outer conductor 132 form a coaxial structure, and the interior of the transmission line inner conductor 131 is hollowed out to reduce weight. The transmission line inner conductor 131 is fixed in position by an insulating support plate 133, a transmission line input electrode 134 and a transmission line output electrode 135. An insulating medium with a high dielectric constant is filled between the transmission line inner conductor 131 and the transmission line outer conductor 132, and optional materials include sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, transformer oil, potting glue, etc.

[0059] See also Figure 2 As shown, the photoconductive switch module 140 is mainly composed of a photoconductive semiconductor and a metal electrode. The conduction of the photoconductive semiconductor is triggered by a high repetition rate laser with appropriate energy, so as to achieve a high repetition rate output of the whole system.

[0060] In some specific embodiments, the photoconductive switch module 140 includes a switch cavity 141 , a switch input electrode 142 , a switch output electrode 143 , a photoconductive semiconductor chip 144 , a trigger laser beam 145 , and an insulating support plate 133 .

[0061] The switch cavity 141 is connected to the transmission line outer conductor 132, and the switch input electrode 142 is connected to the transmission line output electrode 135. The switch input electrode 142 and the switch output electrode 143 are placed in parallel, and the photoconductive semiconductor chip 144 is fixed between the switch input electrode 142 and the switch output electrode 143. The trigger laser beam 145 is introduced into the switch cavity 141 from the outside and connected to the laser modulation source module 120 through the guiding light path. The switch cavity 141 is filled with a suitable insulating medium, and the optional materials include sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, dry air, etc.

[0062] See also Figure 2 As shown, the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit 200 includes a gyromagnetic outer conductor 201 , a gyromagnetic inner conductor 202 , a magnet 203 , a solenoid 204 , and a solenoid housing 205 .

[0063] The gyromagnetic outer conductor 201 is connected to the switch cavity 141, the gyromagnetic inner conductor 202 is connected to the switch output electrode 143, the magnet 203 is fixed on the gyromagnetic inner conductor 202, the solenoid 204 is wound on the outer shell of the gyromagnetic outer conductor 201, and the solenoid shell 205 realizes the overall packaging of the solenoid 204. An insulating medium with a high dielectric constant is filled between the gyromagnetic inner conductor 202 and the gyromagnetic outer conductor 201, and the optional materials include sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, transformer oil, potting glue, etc.

[0064] See also Figure 3 As shown, the magnet 203 is formed by stacking a plurality of magnetic rings, including a cylindrical magnetic ring 2032 and a conical magnetic ring 2031. The two ends of the magnet 203 are conical magnetic rings 2031, and the middle is a cylindrical magnetic ring 2032. This design realizes a smooth transition between the impedance of the magnetic segment and the impedance of the non-magnetic segment, so as to maximize the efficiency of electromagnetic wave transmission. The edges of all magnetic rings are rounded to reduce the possibility of electric field breakdown.

[0065] In some specific embodiments, the magnet 203 is made of a magnetic material with gyromagnetic properties, preferably a gyromagnetic material with a rectangular hysteresis loop, so as to reduce the strength requirement of the bias magnetic field.

[0066] The solenoid 204 includes a phase-adjusting solenoid and a bias solenoid. The phase-adjusting solenoid is placed in front of the bias solenoid, and the winding methods of the two are consistent. The actual number of turns of the phase-adjusting solenoid and the bias solenoid should match the magnetic field size required for phase adjustment and magnetic field bias. The phase-adjusting solenoid and the bias solenoid are powered by independent power supplies, and both power supplies have the function of real-time adjustment of output current over a wide range.

[0067] See also Figure 2 As shown, the transmission and radiation unit 300 includes an antenna bottom plate 301 , a feed inner conductor 302 , a feed insulating plate 303 , an antenna first radiation plate 304 , an antenna second radiation plate 305 and a radome 306 .

[0068] The antenna bottom plate 301 is connected to the gyromagnetic outer conductor 201 , the feed inner conductor 302 is connected to the gyromagnetic inner conductor 202 , the antenna first radiation plate 304 is connected to the feed inner conductor 302 and the antenna bottom plate 301 , and the antenna second radiation plate 305 is connected to the antenna bottom plate 301 .

[0069] In some specific embodiments, the feed inner conductor 302 is a tapered gradient structure to achieve a smooth transition of the mechanical structure between the gyromagnetic inner conductor 202 and the first antenna radiating plate 304. The first antenna radiating plate 304 and the second antenna radiating plate 305 are both made into a gradient structure, and the angle between the two gradually increases to achieve a wide operating frequency band. The antenna cover 306 is fixed on the antenna base plate 301, and surrounds the first antenna radiating plate 304 and the second antenna radiating plate 305.

[0070] The antenna cover 306 is filled with an inert insulating gas of suitable pressure, preferably sulfur hexafluoride. The 3dB bandwidth of the standing wave of the transmission and radiation unit 300 should be greater than the 3dB bandwidth of the electromagnetic wave signal output by the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit 200.

[0071] The magnetic field and phase adjustment unit 400 is mainly used to adjust the phase and frequency of the electromagnetic wave output by the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit 200 .

[0072] The magnetic field and phase adjustment unit 400 includes a phase-adjusting solenoid current control module and a bias solenoid current control module respectively connected to the phase-adjusting solenoid and the bias solenoid. The phase of the output electromagnetic wave is controlled by the phase-adjusting solenoid current control module to control the current of the phase-adjusting solenoid, and the frequency of the output electromagnetic wave is controlled by the bias solenoid current control module to control the current of the bias solenoid.

[0073] The monitoring and control unit 500 mainly realizes accurate monitoring and efficient control of key voltages, currents, and electromagnetic signals in the entire system.

[0074] The magnetic field and phase adjustment unit 400 is connected to the transmission and radiation unit 300, and can measure and determine the phase and frequency of the output electromagnetic wave in real time, so as to enable the magnetic field and phase adjustment unit 400 to adjust relevant parameters in real time.

[0075] The magnetic field and phase adjustment unit 400 provides and changes the bias magnetic field in real time by changing the bias solenoid current of the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit 200 .

[0076] All of the above units are modularly designed and can be flexibly combined in multiple ways according to actual requirements and usage space to increase output power. The phased array function of the high-repetition-rate phased array high-power microwave system provided by the present invention is realized by the multi-way combination of each unit. The high-repetition-rate pulse source unit 100, the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit 200 and the transmission and radiation unit 300 are configured in multiple ways, and a common magnetic field and phase adjustment unit 400 and a monitoring and control unit 500 are used. The monitoring and control unit 500 is used to realize signal monitoring and control of the entire multi-way system. The phase control of the electromagnetic waves output by different gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line units 200 is realized by the magnetic field and phase adjustment unit 400, and the combination and superposition of electromagnetic waves output with different phases achieve the effect of adjustable phase and electrical scanning of the electromagnetic waves output by the entire system.

[0077] See also Figure 4 As shown, a system combination structure of a 50-way synthesis embodiment is shown, with 10 ways in each horizontal row and 5 ways in each vertical row. Each unit is designed to be compact, while taking into account the phase and wavelength conditions required for electromagnetic wave power synthesis between different ways.

[0078] Figure 5 The present invention is based on Figure 4 A typical output waveform of an embodiment constructed by the given basic structure. This embodiment successfully achieves the output effect of high-power electromagnetic waves, the output signal repetition frequency can reach 10 kHz, and the entire system has the ability to adjust the phase of the output electromagnetic wave.

[0079] In summary, the present invention provides a high-repetition-rate phased array high-power microwave system based on gyromagnetic ferrite nonlinear transmission lines and photoconductive fast switches, which relates to the field of high-power microwave technology, including a high-repetition-rate pulse source unit, a gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit, a transmission and radiation unit, a magnetic field and phase adjustment unit, and a monitoring and control unit. The present invention adjusts the phase of the output electromagnetic wave through the bias magnetic field of the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line type high-power microwave source itself, and adopts a multi-channel combination to achieve the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves between different channels, and realizes the phase scanning function of the output electromagnetic wave of the entire high-power microwave system by regulating the output phase of the multi-channel electromagnetic waves. The present invention can achieve high-power microwave output with a repetition rate of several kHz or even above MHz and with phase electrical scanning capability, which effectively solves the technical problems of low repetition rate and difficulty in achieving phased array output in traditional high-power microwave systems.

[0080] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention are all included in the technical scope of the present invention. In addition, without departing from the scope of the main purpose of the present invention, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high repetition rate phased array high power microwave system, characterized in that: It includes a magnetic field and phase adjustment unit, a plurality of sequentially connected high repetition rate pulse source units, a gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit, and a transmission and radiation unit; The high repetition rate pulse source unit is used to convert primary electric energy and realize high repetition rate electric pulse output by using photoconductive fast switch; The gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit is used to modulate high repetition rate fast pulses into high power microwave signals; The transmission and radiation unit is used to efficiently transmit and radiate high-power microwave signals; The magnetic field and phase adjustment unit is electrically connected to the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit and the transmission and radiation unit, respectively, and is used to provide a bias magnetic field for the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit and simultaneously adjust the phase and frequency of the output electromagnetic wave of the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit; The high repetition rate phased array high power microwave system further comprises a monitoring and control unit; the monitoring and control unit are respectively electrically connected to the high repetition rate pulse source unit, the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit, the transmission and radiation unit, and the magnetic field and phase adjustment unit; In the high repetition rate phased array high-power microwave system, the high repetition rate pulse source unit, the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit and the transmission and radiation unit are assembled in sequence and configured in multiple paths according to a predetermined array structure, and share the same magnetic field and phase adjustment unit and monitoring and control unit.

2. The high repetition rate phased array high power microwave system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high repetition rate pulse source unit comprises a laser modulation source module, and a primary power supply module, a pulse forming line module and a photoconductive switch module which are coaxially arranged and connected in sequence; the laser modulation source module is connected to the photoconductive switch module.

3. The high repetition rate phased array high power microwave system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The photoconductive switch module comprises a switch cavity, a photoconductive semiconductor chip and a trigger laser beam; the trigger laser beam is introduced into the switch cavity from the outside and connected to the laser modulation source module through a guiding optical path.

4. The high repetition rate phased array high power microwave system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit comprises gyromagnetic inner / outer conductors and a magnet; the magnet comprises a cylindrical magnetic ring arranged in the middle and conical magnetic rings arranged at both ends.

5. The high repetition rate phased array high power microwave system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line unit also includes a solenoid wound on the gyromagnetic outer conductor shell; the solenoid includes a phase-modulating solenoid and a bias solenoid which are independently powered; the phase-modulating solenoid is placed in front of the bias solenoid.

6. The high repetition rate phased array high power microwave system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The magnetic field and phase adjustment unit comprises a phase-adjusting solenoid current control module and a bias solenoid current control module respectively connected to the phase-adjusting solenoid and the bias solenoid.

7. The high repetition rate phased array high power microwave system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pulse forming line module includes transmission line inner / outer conductors and transmission line input / output electrodes; the electrical signal of the primary power supply module is introduced into the transmission line inner conductor through the transmission line input electrode, and the output signal of the pulse forming line module is introduced into the photoconductive switch module through the transmission line output electrode.

8. The high repetition rate phased array high power microwave system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transmission and radiation unit includes a feed inner conductor, an antenna base plate, and a radiation plate respectively connected to the gyromagnetic inner / outer conductor; the feed inner conductor is a conical gradient structure to achieve a smooth transition of the mechanical structure between the gyromagnetic inner conductor and the radiation plate; the radiation plate includes an antenna first radiation plate and an antenna second radiation plate, both of which are gradient structures; the opening angle between the antenna first radiation plate and the antenna second radiation plate is gradually increased.

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