A dry mining process for tailings based on a multi-stage belt conveyor

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of tailings pond dry stoping process based on multistage belt conveyor, belong to tailings stoping technical field, mainly include tailings pond exploration, stoping area division and parameter determination, transport laying, stoping sequence planning and drainage facility arrangement;The application is based on the drainage mode of "chute+drainage culvert", including stoping I area, stoping II area, stoping area, block by using sand taking strip, sand taking path, in-pit transport road, belt transport and sand mining pit guide drainage pit, zoning, strip division is carried out in tailings pond in-pit, each area in the pit is layered and taken sand in strip by using excavator+small transport vehicle, and the dam top to dam foot is transported by belt transport, and is transported to large self-unloading truck by unloading buffer bin, effectively solve the stoping condition that tailings pond upper dam road cannot be transported by car, improve the efficiency of tailings pond stoping.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tailings recovery technology, specifically to a dry tailings dam recovery process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor. Background Technology

[0002] During mineral resource extraction, a large amount of tailings is produced, making tailings dams an essential facility for maintaining the normal operation of mining enterprises. As tailings storage facilities during metal mine production, tailings dam accidents such as dam failures, overtopping, seepage, leakage during transport, and dust pollution can cause casualties, economic losses, and environmental damage. Tailings recovery can effectively utilize waste resources, reduce environmental pollution risks, improve resource recovery rates, and provide scientific support for the sustainable development of the mining industry.

[0003] Currently, there are two main methods for tailings dam recovery in my country: dry and wet recovery. The more mature wet recovery method uses dredgers and hydraulic flushing, generally requiring additional filter press facilities. Dry recovery typically uses excavators and trucks for transportation. However, wet recovery requires creating an artificial swamp at the tailings dam's tail end to recover tailings, which is dangerous during the rainy season or when rainfall is heavy. It also requires significant upfront investment and constant replenishment of water within the dam, resulting in high management and operational costs. Therefore, dry recovery, using excavators and trucks, is simpler, less labor-intensive, more mobile, and easier to manage for safety, making it widely used in practice. However, since most tailings dams in my country are valley-type, some are limited by terrain, with high dams, narrow access roads, and steep slopes, making it impossible to meet the safety requirements for truck transportation during dry recovery. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dry tailings dam mining process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A dry tailings dam mining process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: Tailings Dam Exploration: Conduct a systematic investigation of the foundation bearing capacity of the tailings dam sedimentation beach, the topography of the dry areas, the stability of the dam body, and the water accumulation in the wet areas to provide basic data for dry tailings mining;

[0008] S2: Based on the required dry beach length of the tailings dam, the tailings dam is divided into mining zone I and mining zone II;

[0009] S3: Transportation laying: Divided into the laying of transportation roads within the reservoir and the laying of multi-level belt conveyors on the dam surface;

[0010] The internal transport roads are laid around the tailings dam near the mountainside and connect to the tailings unloading platform. Depending on the tailings conditions, iron plates are laid on the internal transport roads in areas where the standard load of transport vehicles cannot be met to meet the vehicle load requirements.

[0011] Multi-level belt conveyor equipment is arranged on the dam surface. According to the dam height, mining layer height and mining time, multiple belts are arranged to meet the transportation requirements. The belt conveyor loading area is located in the center of the dam top. Multiple down-going belt conveyors are arranged from the center of the unloading area in the center of the dam top to the belt unloading site.

[0012] S4: The mining sequence is generally carried out according to the principle of inside before outside, top before bottom, zoned, zoned and layered mining. Layered mining is carried out from top to bottom, single bench mining is carried out, the mechanical mining bench height is 2m, and the bench slope angle is 1:3.

[0013] S5: Drainage facilities: Drainage chutes are used for flood discharge. As the tailings are mined, the drainage system will be gradually dismantled.

[0014] S6: Repeat steps S3-S5 until the tailings dam mining is completed.

[0015] Preferably, the width of the transport road inside the warehouse in S3 is 8m, and the road surface is compacted using leveling equipment.

[0016] Preferably, in S3, the multi-stage belt conveyor system on the dam surface has a belt conveyor loading area located at the center of the dam crest. Multiple downward belt conveyors are arranged from the center of the unloading area at the center of the dam crest to the belt unloading site. The primary belt conveyor has a horizontal transport distance of 35m and a lifting height of 3.5m. The subsequent upward belt conveyors have a horizontal transport distance of 30m. The lifting heights of each belt conveyor are -2.83m, -3.83m, and 0m, the belt width is 1200mm, and the belt speed is 1.6m / s.

[0017] Preferably, the mining direction in S4 is combined mining, mining zone I is longitudinal mining, mining zone II is transverse mining, and mining is carried out in layers from top to bottom, with single-step mining.

[0018] Preferably, the depth of the mining pit in S4 is 2.0m.

[0019] Preferably, the inlet of the drainage chute in S5 is 2m lower than the working face of mining area II, and the slope between the mining face and the chute is 1:3.5.

[0020] Preferably, in S5, the drainage from the beach surface is achieved by excavating temporary drainage ditches with a slope of 5‰ on both sides of multiple mining strips, which converge at the drainage chute.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The tailings dam dry mining process based on multi-stage belt conveyors of the present invention can transport tailings from the tailings dam by belt conveyor, excavator, bulldozer and dump truck. The use of belt conveyor avoids the impact of long-term load on the stability of the tailings dam body during dry truck transportation.

[0023] 2. The tailings dam dry mining technology based on multi-stage belt conveyors of the present invention can be effectively applied to mining situations where the road to the dam is restricted by terrain and cannot be used for truck transportation, thus avoiding the use of wet mining and meeting the requirements of dry mining of tailings dams under different terrain conditions.

[0024] 3. The tailings dam dry mining process based on multi-stage belt conveyors of the present invention can meet the requirement that the tailings dam height gradually decreases as the mining progresses, thereby improving the efficiency of tailings dam mining. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the mining process of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the mining process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Please see Figure 1-2 This invention provides a dry tailings dam mining process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1: Tailings Dam Exploration: The tailings dam is currently in a state of suspension. A systematic investigation will be conducted on the foundation bearing capacity of the tailings dam sedimentation beach, the topography of the dry area, the stability of the dam body, and the particle size composition and moisture content of the tailings in the humid area, so as to provide basic data for dry tailings mining.

[0030] S2: Divide and determine the parameters of the mining area: Based on the requirements of the dry beach length and phreatic line of the tailings dam, the mining area is divided into mining area I (70m in front of the dam) and mining area II (the remaining area); According to the tailings dam survey, the tailings sand in the tailings dam area mainly consists of medium tailings sand, silty tailings sand, silty tailings soil, and silty tailings clay. The tailings in front of the dam have coarse particle size and good physical and mechanical properties. The belt conveyor loading area is arranged on the side of mining area I close to the dam.

[0031] S3: Transportation laying: Divided into the laying of transportation roads within the reservoir and the laying of multi-level belt conveyors on the dam surface;

[0032] The tailings transport road construction within the storage area includes: Each mining zone will be divided into strip mining operations, with each strip 20m wide. A 5.0m wide tailings transport access road, paved with steel plates, will be constructed in the middle of the mining strip in Zone II to allow safe passage for small 10t dump trucks within the storage area. This access road will connect to the temporary tailings transport road, designed as a two-lane road with a width of 8.0m, also paved with steel plates. Depending on the transport situation, 1-2 tailings transport roads will be constructed within Zone II and connected to the temporary tailings transport road. The layout of the transport roads can be flexibly adjusted according to the tailings extraction situation.

[0033] Multi-stage belt conveyor system on the dam face: Tailings from the reservoir are transported by belt conveyors to the belt unloading area near the initial dam. The belt conveyor loading area is located in the center of the dam crest. From the center of the unloading area in the center of the dam crest to the belt unloading site, nine downward belt conveyors are continuously arranged. From the initial dam to the dam crest, the first belt conveyor is No. 1, with a horizontal transport distance of 35m and a lifting height of 3.5m. Belt conveyors No. 2-7 are arranged upwards in sequence. The horizontal transport distance of belt conveyors No. 2-7 is 32m, with a lifting height of -2.83m for conveyors No. 2-9. Belt conveyor No. 8 has a horizontal transport distance of 32m and a lifting height of -3m. 83m, with brake; 9# belt conveyor has a horizontal transport distance of 44.35m, a lifting height of 0m, a belt width of B=1200mm, and a belt speed of V=1.6m / s; the belt conveyor is equipped with a 3.5×3.5m feeding hopper at the feeding port. The hopper and belt conveyor are sunken. The unloading area of ​​the belt conveyor is located on the west side of the road at the initial dam. A 5×5m buffer ore bin is set on the ground with a total height of 9m. The straight section of the ore bin is 1116mm, and the lower part is a 50° inverted cone trapezoid. As the mining height decreases, the transport road in the bin is laid in stages according to the mining layers. The belt conveyor is also dismantled in stages. The unloading hopper is connected to the next level of belt conveyor.

[0034] S4: In this tailings mining operation, the mining direction is combined. Mining area I is longitudinally mined, and mining area II is transversely mined. Vertical direction: Layered mining from top to bottom, single-bench mining, mechanical mining bench height 2m, bench slope angle 1:3. Mining first uses excavators to excavate mining pits along the mining access road (mining pit depth 2.0m, which can be determined according to site conditions), spreading tailings onto the mining strip for drying and consolidation. The formed mining pit serves the functions of temporary drainage, flood discharge, and accelerating the consolidation of tailings on both sides. Horizontal direction: Mining area II is mined first in the same layer, followed by mining area I. The main purpose is to leave sufficient flood control capacity. A backward excavation method is adopted, with the flood discharge system inlet as the dividing line. Two excavators are distributed on both sides of the transport device and loaded simultaneously. After the excavators are full of the transport device, the transport device is transported along the transport road inside the reservoir to the mining loading platform. It is then transported from the top of the dam to the mining unloading platform via belt conveyor and enters the road outside the reservoir.

[0035] S5: Drainage Facility Setup: Flood discharge within the reservoir will utilize the existing inclined channel. As the sand mining elevation decreases, the drainage inclined channel cover should be gradually opened to lower the water level within the reservoir and prevent water accumulation in the mining pit. To lower the shallow water level within the reservoir, the inlet of the drainage inclined channel should maintain a 2m level with the low Zone II mining face. The slope between the mining face and the inclined channel should be 1:3.5. The inlet of the mining inclined channel should be 1m higher than the bottom of the slope. Drainage from the beach will be collected at the drainage inclined channel via temporary drainage ditches with a 5‰ slope excavated on both sides of multiple mining strips.

[0036] S6: The mining process is repeated according to S3-S5 until the tailings dam mining is completed.

[0037] In summary, this invention provides a dry tailings dam mining process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor. Utilizing a "sloping chute + drainage culvert" drainage method, it includes mining zone I and mining zone II. The mining zones and blocks are divided into sections and strips within the tailings dam using sand extraction strips, access roads, in-dam transport roads, belt conveyors, and drainage pits. Excavators and small transport vehicles are used for layered, belt-by-belt sand extraction in each area. Belt conveyors are used from the dam crest to the dam toe, and the material is unloaded into large dump trucks via a buffer silo. This effectively solves the problem of tailings dam access roads being unsuitable for truck transport.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dry back mining process for a tailings dam based on a multi-stage belt conveyor, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: tailings pond exploration: systematically investigate the foundation bearing capacity strength of the tailings pond deposition beach, the dry area stacking terrain, the dam body stability and the wet area water accumulation, and provide basic data for tailings dry mining; S2: according to the length requirement of the tailings pond dry beach, the tailings pond is divided into mining I area and mining II area; S3: transportation and laying: divided into in-pit transportation road laying and dam surface multi-stage belt transportation laying; The in-pit transportation road laying is close to the mountain around the tailings pond, connected to the tailings unloading platform, and the in-pit transportation road is laid according to the tailings situation, and the parts that cannot meet the walking requirements of the transportation truck standard load are laid with iron plates to meet the vehicle bearing requirements; The dam surface multi-stage belt transportation equipment is arranged on the dam surface, and according to the dam height, the mining layer height and the mining time, a plurality of belts meeting the transportation requirements are arranged, the belt transportation feeding area is located in the middle of the dam top, and a plurality of downward belt conveyors are sequentially arranged from the middle of the unloading area in the middle of the dam top to the belt unloading site, wherein the horizontal transportation distance of the primary belt conveyor is 35 m, the lifting height is 3.5 m, the horizontal transportation distance of the upward belt conveyors is 30 m, the lifting height of each belt conveyor is -2.83 m, -3.83 m and 0 m, the belt width is 1200 mm, and the belt speed is 1.6 m / s; S4: the mining sequence is generally according to the principle of first inside and then outside, first upper and then lower, zoned, banded and layered mining, from top to bottom, single-step mining, the mechanical mining step height is 2 m, and the step slope angle is 1:3; S5: drainage facility setting: drainage chute is used for flood drainage, and the drainage system is gradually removed with tailings mining; S6: repeat S3-S5 until the tailings pond mining is completed.

2. A dry tailings mining process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The in-pit transportation road in S3 has a width of 8 m, and a flattening device is used to compact the road surface.

3. A dry tailings mining process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The mining direction in S4 is combined mining, the mining I area is longitudinal mining, the mining II area is transverse mining, from top to bottom, single-step mining.

4. A dry tailings mining process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The mining pit depth in S4 is 2.0 m.

5. A dry tailings mining process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The entrance of the drainage chute in S5 is 2 m lower than the mining II area working face, and the slope between the mining working face and the chute is 1:3.

5.

6. A dry tailings mining process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The beach drainage in S5 excavates a temporary drainage ditch with a slope of 5 ‰ on both sides of the multiple mining strips and converges to the drainage chute.

Images