A compressed air thermal power cogeneration system for cross-seasonal thermal storage and a method of operating the same

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of compressed air energy storage technology, and discloses a compressed air combined heat and power (CHP) system for cross-seasonal heat storage and its operation method. The CHP system includes a compression subsystem and an expansion subsystem. In the compression subsystem, a compression component generates compressed air, which is then cooled by a heat exchange component. The cross-seasonal heat storage device extracts and stores heat energy through heat exchange with the compressed air in the heat exchanger, and the cooled compressed air is stored in a compressed air storage device. The expansion subsystem heats the compressed air from the compressed air storage device through a heat exchanger before supplying it to the expansion component for power generation. This invention allows the cross-seasonal heat storage device to store heat energy during the non-heating season and supply it to the heating component during the heating season, achieving cross-seasonal utilization of heat energy. The heat energy utilization efficiency is high, and the system continuously generates and consumes heat energy during operation. The cross-seasonal heat storage device shares a heat exchanger with the compression and heating components, reducing equipment footprint and lowering costs.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, in particular to a compressed air heat and power cogeneration system for cross-seasonal heat storage and an operation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Cross-seasonal heat storage technology can store heat energy such as solar energy and waste heat collected in the non-heating season in a heat storage medium for use in the heating season. In simple terms, cross-seasonal heat storage is to store waste heat in the summer in a heat storage medium and release heat in the winter for heating. It can effectively solve the problem of mismatch between supply and demand of solar energy, waste heat resources and other resources in time and space, and is a key technology for improving the utilization rate of renewable energy and achieving building energy saving benefits. The application of large-scale cross-seasonal heat storage plays an important role in realizing reliable heating of low-carbon heat sources. In the heating areas of China, large-scale promotion and application of cross-seasonal water storage, as well as the attempt to use large-capacity heat storage water to fully recover various waste heat resources and build a heat sharing system are one of the most promising technical paths for future clean heating.

[0003] Cross-seasonal heat storage can be divided into tank heat storage, pool heat storage, buried pipe heat storage and aquifer heat storage according to the different heat storage media. Tank heat storage and pool heat storage are collectively referred to as water storage, which mainly uses storage tanks, underground water pools or water pits (such as existing mines or newly built mines) to store heat. However, no matter which storage method is used, there is a problem of low heat storage efficiency. Because there is energy loss in the process of heat storage and extraction, and long-term storage will especially cause significant heat efficiency decline. In addition, the heat storage medium often needs to occupy a large space, especially for low-density heat storage media such as water or soil. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a compressed air heat and power cogeneration system for cross-seasonal heat storage and an operation method thereof to solve the problems of low heat storage efficiency and large space required by the heat storage medium in the cross-seasonal heat storage method.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a compressed air heat and power cogeneration system for cross-seasonal heat storage, comprising:

[0006] a heat exchange assembly, the heat exchange assembly comprising a heat exchanger;

[0007] a compression assembly, the compression assembly comprising a driving mechanism and an air compression mechanism, the driving mechanism being connected to the air compression mechanism, the air outlet of each stage of the air compression mechanism being connected to a group of the heat exchange assembly, and when the multi-stage air compression mechanism is provided, the adjacent two stages of the air compression mechanism are connected through the heat exchange assembly;

[0008] An expansion assembly, comprising an air expansion mechanism and a power generation mechanism, wherein the air expansion mechanism is connected to the power generation mechanism, and the air inlet of each stage of the air expansion mechanism is connected to a set of heat exchange components, and when the multi-stage air expansion mechanism is provided, adjacent two stages of the air expansion mechanism are connected through the heat exchange components.

[0009] The storage component includes: a cross-seasonal heat storage device and a compressed air storage device, the cross-seasonal heat storage device being connected to at least one of the heat exchangers, the compressed air storage device being connected to a set of heat exchange components connected to the outlet of the final stage air compression mechanism, and a set of heat exchange components connected to the inlet of the primary air expansion mechanism.

[0010] A heating component, which is connected to the interseasonal thermal storage device;

[0011] The compression component, the heat exchange component, and the storage component constitute a compression subsystem. The compression subsystem generates compressed air during operation and stores it in the compressed air storage device. The expansion component, the heat exchange component, and the storage component constitute an expansion subsystem. The expansion subsystem generates electricity using the compressed air in the compressed air storage device during operation. The inter-seasonal thermal energy storage device stores thermal energy during the non-heating season and provides thermal energy to the heating component during the heating season.

[0012] Beneficial effects

[0013] During operation, the compression subsystem generates high-temperature compressed air. This high-temperature compressed air, carrying heat energy, is cooled by a heat exchanger and then stored in a compressed air storage device. As the high-temperature compressed air flows through the heat exchanger, the heat exchange medium in the interseasonal heat storage device extracts and stores the heat energy. During the non-heating season, the interseasonal heat storage device continuously stores heat, and during the heating season, it supplies the stored heat energy to the heating components. During the expansion subsystem, the low-temperature compressed air in the compressed air storage device is heated by a heat exchanger, and the expansion component uses this heated air to generate electricity. This compressed air combined heat and power system enables interseasonal utilization of heat energy. Since heat energy is continuously generated and consumed during system operation, the storage space for the interseasonal heat storage device does not need to be particularly large, resulting in a relatively small installation area. Furthermore, there is no continuous heat loss, leading to high heat storage efficiency.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, each set of heat exchange components includes multiple connected heat exchangers, the compression component includes multiple stages of the air compression mechanism, and the expansion component includes multiple stages of the air expansion mechanism. The number of air compression mechanisms and air expansion mechanisms is equal, and each stage of the air compression mechanism and each stage of the air expansion mechanism shares a set of heat exchange components.

[0015] Beneficial effects

[0016] Multi-stage air compression mechanisms improve air compression efficiency, and correspondingly, multi-stage air expansion mechanisms improve air expansion efficiency. Multiple heat exchangers further enhance heat exchange efficiency; during the cooling of the high-temperature compressed air generated by the air compression mechanism, cascade heat exchange extracts more heat energy. Conversely, when heating low-temperature compressed air for the air expansion mechanism, cascade heat exchange raises the air temperature, improving the efficiency of the air expansion mechanism. Furthermore, having an equal number of air compression and air expansion mechanisms allows for shared heat exchange components, simplifying the system structure and reducing operating costs.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, the storage assembly further includes a cryogenic medium storage device and a high-temperature medium storage device, both of which are connected to the heat exchanger.

[0018] In an optional embodiment, the storage assembly further includes a cryogenic medium storage device and a high-temperature medium storage device, both of which are connected to the remaining heat exchangers other than the heat exchanger connected to the interseasonal thermal storage device.

[0019] Beneficial effects

[0020] By specially setting up low-temperature and high-temperature medium storage devices, compressed air can easily exchange heat in the heat exchanger, thereby improving the efficiency of heat exchange.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, the number of the air compression mechanism, the air expansion mechanism, and the heat exchange components are all in two sets. Each set of heat exchange components includes two heat exchangers, each heat exchanger having two gas ports and two liquid ports. The gas ports of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are connected. The other gas port of the first heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the first air compression mechanism and the inlet of the second air expansion mechanism. The other gas port of the second heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the second air compression mechanism and the outlet of the first air expansion mechanism. The gas ports of the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger are connected. The other gas port of the third heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the second air compression mechanism and the inlet of the first air expansion mechanism. The other gas port of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the compressed air storage device.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, the cryogenic medium storage device is connected to one liquid port of the first heat exchanger and one liquid port of the third heat exchanger, the high-temperature medium storage device is connected to another liquid port of the first heat exchanger and another liquid port of the third heat exchanger; the interseasonal thermal storage device is connected to two liquid ports of the second heat exchanger and two liquid ports of the fourth heat exchanger.

[0023] In an optional embodiment, the heating component includes a heating heat exchanger, an inlet pipe, and an outlet pipe. The inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are connected to one heat exchange channel of the heating heat exchanger, and the interseasonal heat storage device is connected to the other heat exchange channel of the heating heat exchanger.

[0024] Beneficial effects

[0025] By providing heat energy to the heating components through a heat exchanger, the quality of the heat exchange medium in the interseasonal heat storage device remains unchanged, allowing for continuous use.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, the liquid inlet pipe is also connected to the fourth heat exchanger, which is also connected to the heating heat exchanger.

[0027] Beneficial effects

[0028] When the compression subsystem is running, the heating components can utilize the heat energy of the compressed air in the fourth heat exchanger. If the heat is insufficient, it can be supplemented by a cross-seasonal heat storage device. This results in a high utilization rate of heat energy in the system.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, the cross-seasonal thermal storage device includes: a storage cavity and a waterproof layer and a thermal insulation layer sequentially disposed on the outside of the storage cavity, and a cover is also disposed on the storage cavity.

[0030] Beneficial effects

[0031] A waterproof layer prevents leakage of the heat exchange medium within the storage chamber, while an insulation layer reduces heat loss. A cover helps maintain a hygienic environment within the storage chamber, preventing impurities from entering and contaminating the heat exchange medium.

[0032] Secondly, the present invention also provides an operation method for a compressed air combined heat and power system, applied to the aforementioned cross-seasonal heat storage compressed air combined heat and power system, comprising:

[0033] When the compression subsystem is in operation, the air compression mechanism generates compressed air, which is then transported to the compressed air storage device via the heat exchange component. During the non-heating season, the heat exchange medium in the inter-seasonal heat storage device exchanges heat with the high-temperature compressed air through the heat exchanger to extract and store thermal energy. During the heating season, the inter-seasonal heat storage device provides thermal energy to the heating component.

[0034] The expansion subsystem operates, and the compressed air is transported from the compressed air storage device to the air expansion mechanism for power generation via the heat exchange component. During the non-heating season, the heat exchange medium in the inter-seasonal heat storage device exchanges heat with the low-temperature compressed air through the heat exchanger, consuming heat energy. During the heating season, part of the heat energy in the inter-seasonal heat storage device is supplied to the heating component.

[0035] Beneficial effects

[0036] The operation method of compressed air cogeneration system is applied to compressed air cogeneration system with inter-seasonal heat storage, and has the same effect as the compressed air cogeneration system with inter-seasonal heat storage, so it will not be elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the compressed air combined heat and power system for cross-seasonal heat storage according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the compressed air cogeneration system for cross-seasonal heat storage in the non-heating season of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the compressed air cogeneration system for cross-seasonal heat storage in the heating season of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is another schematic diagram of the operation of the compressed air cogeneration system for cross-seasonal heat storage in the heating season of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another heating method for the compressed air cogeneration system with cross-seasonal heat storage in Embodiment 1 of the present invention during the operation of the compressed subsystem in the heating season;

[0043] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the expansion subsystem of the compressed air cogeneration system for cross-seasonal heat storage in the non-heating season of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the expansion subsystem of the compressed air cogeneration system for cross-seasonal heat storage in Embodiment 1 of the present invention during the heating season.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another heating method for the compressed air cogeneration system with cross-seasonal heat storage in Embodiment 1 of the present invention during the operation of the expansion subsystem in the heating season.

[0046] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-seasonal heat storage device in the compressed air cogeneration system for cross-seasonal heat storage according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the compressed air combined heat and power system for cross-seasonal heat storage according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the expansion subsystem of the compressed air cogeneration system for cross-seasonal heat storage in the non-heating season of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the expansion subsystem of the compressed air cogeneration system for cross-seasonal heat storage in Embodiment 2 of the present invention during the heating season.

[0050] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0051] 11. First heat exchanger; 12. Second heat exchanger; 13. Third heat exchanger; 14. Fourth heat exchanger;

[0052] 21. Drive mechanism; 221. First air compression mechanism; 222. Second air compression mechanism;

[0053] 311. First air expansion mechanism; 312. Second air expansion mechanism; 32. Power generation mechanism;

[0054] 41. Cross-seasonal thermal storage device; 411. Storage chamber; 412. Waterproof layer; 413. Insulation layer; 414. Cover; 42. Compressed air storage device; 43. Low temperature medium storage device; 44. High temperature medium storage device.

[0055] 51. Heat exchanger for heating; 52. Liquid inlet pipe; 53. Liquid outlet pipe; 54. Liquid inlet branch pipe; 55. Heating pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0058] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0059] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 9 The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

[0062] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in one aspect, a compressed air combined heat and power system for interseasonal heat storage is provided, comprising: a heat exchange assembly, a compression assembly, an expansion assembly, a storage assembly, and a heating assembly. The heat exchange assembly includes heat exchangers. The compression assembly includes: a drive mechanism 21 and an air compression mechanism, the drive mechanism 21 being connected to the air compression mechanism. Each stage of the air compression mechanism has its outlet connected to a set of heat exchangers, and when multiple stages of the air compression mechanism are provided, adjacent stages are connected via heat exchangers. The expansion assembly includes: an air expansion mechanism and a power generation mechanism 32, the air expansion mechanism being connected to the power generation mechanism 32. Each stage of the air expansion mechanism has its inlet connected to a set of heat exchangers, and when multiple stages of the air expansion mechanism are provided, adjacent stages are connected via heat exchangers. The storage assembly includes: an interseasonal heat storage device 41 and a compressed air storage device 42. The interseasonal heat storage device 41 is connected to at least one heat exchanger, and the compressed air storage device 42 is connected to a set of heat exchangers connected to the outlet of the final stage air compression mechanism and to a set of heat exchangers connected to the inlet of the primary air expansion mechanism. The heating components are connected to the interseasonal thermal energy storage device 41. The compression component, heat exchange component, and storage component form a compression subsystem. During operation, the compression subsystem generates compressed air, which is stored in the compressed air storage device 42. The expansion component, heat exchange component, and storage component form an expansion subsystem. During operation, the expansion subsystem generates electricity using the compressed air in the compressed air storage device 42. The interseasonal thermal energy storage device 41 stores thermal energy during the non-heating season and provides thermal energy to the heating components during the heating season.

[0063] Specifically, the number of heat exchange components can be one or multiple, adapted to the number of air compression and air expansion mechanisms. The number of heat exchangers within the heat exchange components can be one or multiple; when multiple heat exchangers are installed, they are connected sequentially for multiple heat exchanges, resulting in better heat exchange efficiency. Each heat exchanger has two heat exchange channels and four ports. One heat exchange channel is a gas flow channel for compressed air circulation, with corresponding first and second gas ports. The other heat exchange channel is a liquid flow channel for the heat exchange medium circulation, with corresponding first and second liquid ports.

[0064] The drive mechanism 21 in the compression assembly provides power for the operation of the air compression mechanism, and the drive mechanism 21 can generally be an electric motor. The air compression mechanism can be an air compressor, which has an air inlet and an air outlet. When a multi-stage air compression mechanism is provided, the air inlet of the primary air compression mechanism is connected to the atmosphere, and the air outlet of the final air compression mechanism is connected to the compressed air storage device 42. Adjacent air compression mechanisms are connected to each other through a set of heat exchange components, which connects the air outlet of the previous stage air compression mechanism to the air inlet of the next stage air compression mechanism.

[0065] The air expansion mechanism in the expansion assembly expands compressed air, thereby driving the power generation mechanism 32 to generate electricity. The air expansion mechanism can be an air expander, and the power generation mechanism 32 can be a turbine. When multiple stages of air expansion mechanisms are provided, the inlet of the primary air expansion mechanism is connected to the compressed air storage device 42, and the outlet of the final air expansion mechanism is connected to the atmosphere. Adjacent stages of air expansion mechanisms are connected to the outlet of the preceding stage and the inlet of the following stage via a heat exchange assembly.

[0066] The interseasonal heat storage device 41 contains a heat exchange medium that can exchange heat with compressed air. Water can be a common heat exchange medium, which is low-cost and economically efficient. The compressed air storage device 42 is a container for storing compressed air, and a gas storage tank can generally be used.

[0067] The compressed air combined heat and power (CHP) system can be divided into two subsystems based on its operation: a compression subsystem and an expansion subsystem. The compression subsystem generates compressed air through compression components. At this point, the compressed air is at a high temperature and carries thermal energy. The high-temperature compressed air needs to be cooled by heat exchange components before it can be stored in the compressed air storage device 42. During the heat exchange process, the heat exchange medium in the interseasonal thermal storage device 41 flows through the heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-temperature compressed air, absorbing thermal energy, and then returns to the interseasonal thermal storage device 41 for storage. In other words, while the compression subsystem is running, the interseasonal thermal storage device 41 can extract and store thermal energy. Therefore, during the non-heating season, while the compression subsystem is running, the interseasonal thermal storage device 41 can continuously extract and store thermal energy. When the heating season arrives, the interseasonal thermal storage device 41 can supply the thermal energy to the heating components, realizing the interseasonal use of thermal energy. The expansion subsystem uses compressed air generated by the compression subsystem. The compressed air storage device 42 heats the stored compressed air through a heat exchanger before supplying it to the air expansion mechanism. The air expansion mechanism uses the compressed air to drive the power generation mechanism 32 to generate electricity. Therefore, the compressed air combined heat and power system can achieve combined heat and power generation. In contrast to the compression subsystem, the operation of the expansion subsystem is actually a process that consumes heat energy.

[0068] This compressed air combined heat and power system enables the use of heat energy across seasons. Moreover, the cross-seasonal heat storage device 41 can continuously store heat during the operation of the compression subsystem and can continuously supply heat energy during the heating season. Therefore, the storage space of the cross-seasonal heat storage device 41 is relatively small, and the heat energy will not be lost or damaged, and the energy storage efficiency is also relatively high.

[0069] In one embodiment, each heat exchange assembly includes multiple interconnected heat exchangers, the compression assembly includes a multi-stage air compression mechanism, and the expansion assembly includes a multi-stage air expansion mechanism. The number of air compression mechanisms and air expansion mechanisms are equal, and each stage of air compression mechanism and each stage of air expansion mechanism shares a set of heat exchange assemblies.

[0070] Multiple heat exchangers in the heat exchange assembly enable cascade heat exchange, resulting in good heat exchange efficiency. Multi-stage air compression mechanisms improve air compression efficiency, while multi-stage air expansion mechanisms enhance compressed air expansion efficiency. Furthermore, since the compression and expansion subsystems typically operate independently (i.e., not simultaneously), sharing a single set of heat exchange components for each stage of air compression and expansion simplifies the system structure and reduces economic costs.

[0071] In other embodiments, the air compression mechanism and the air expansion mechanism may not share heat exchange components. That is, each stage of the air compression mechanism uses a separate set of heat exchange components, and each stage of the air expansion mechanism also uses a separate set of heat exchange components. The number of heat exchange components is equal to the sum of the number of the air compression mechanism and the air expansion mechanism.

[0072] In one embodiment, the storage assembly further includes a cryogenic medium storage device 43 and a high-temperature medium storage device 44, both of which are connected to other heat exchangers besides the heat exchanger connected to the interseasonal thermal storage device 41.

[0073] In other words, when a multi-stage air compression mechanism, a multi-stage air expansion mechanism, and multiple interconnected heat exchangers are provided in each heat exchange assembly, the interseasonal heat storage device 41 is connected to a portion of these heat exchangers, while the remaining heat exchangers are connected to the low-temperature medium storage device 43 and the high-temperature medium storage device 44. During the operation of the compression subsystem, the low-temperature medium storage device 43 flows through the heat exchangers to exchange heat with the high-temperature compressed air before flowing to the high-temperature medium storage device 44. During the operation of the expansion subsystem, the high-temperature medium storage device 44 flows through the heat exchangers to exchange heat with the low-temperature compressed air before flowing to the low-temperature medium storage device 43. The heat exchange media in the low-temperature medium storage device 43 and the high-temperature medium storage device 44 can be selected from heat transfer oil, silicone oil, and molten salt, etc. When a multi-stage air compression mechanism, a multi-stage air expansion mechanism, and multiple interconnected heat exchangers are provided in each heat exchange assembly, if heat exchange is only performed through the water in the interseasonal heat storage device 41, the heat exchange efficiency is very low. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the low-temperature medium storage device 43 and the high-temperature medium storage device 44 for heat exchange.

[0074] In other embodiments, the compression assembly may consist of only one stage of air compression, and the expansion assembly may consist of only one stage of air expansion. Correspondingly, the heat exchange assembly is configured as a single unit, requiring heat exchange between the interseasonal heat storage device 41 and the heat exchange assembly during both the operation of the compression and expansion subsystems. This eliminates the need for additional low-temperature medium storage device 43 and high-temperature medium storage device 44.

[0075] Specifically, in this embodiment, there are two sets of air compression mechanism, air expansion mechanism, and heat exchange components. Each set of heat exchange components includes two heat exchangers: a first heat exchanger 11, a second heat exchanger 12, a third heat exchanger 13, and a fourth heat exchanger 14. The first heat exchanger 11 and the second heat exchanger 12 form one set, and the third heat exchanger 13 and the fourth heat exchanger 14 form another set. Each heat exchanger has two gas ports and two liquid ports. The gas interfaces of the first heat exchanger 11 and the second heat exchanger 12 are connected. The other gas interface of the first heat exchanger 11 is connected to the outlet of the first air compression mechanism 221 and the inlet of the second air expansion mechanism 312. The other gas interface of the second heat exchanger 12 is connected to the inlet of the second air compression mechanism 222 and the outlet of the first air expansion mechanism 311. The gas interfaces of the third heat exchanger 13 and the fourth heat exchanger 14 are connected. The other gas interface of the third heat exchanger 13 is connected to the outlet of the second air compression mechanism 222 and the inlet of the first air expansion mechanism 311. The other gas interface of the fourth heat exchanger 14 is connected to the compressed air storage device 42.

[0076] Furthermore, the cryogenic medium storage device 43 is connected to one liquid interface of the first heat exchanger 11 and one liquid interface of the third heat exchanger 13, and the high-temperature medium storage device 44 is connected to the other liquid interface of the first heat exchanger 11 and the other liquid interface of the third heat exchanger 13; the interseasonal heat storage device 41 is connected to two liquid interfaces of the second heat exchanger 12 and two liquid interfaces of the fourth heat exchanger 14. That is to say, when the compression subsystem and the expansion subsystem are running, the first heat exchanger 11 and the third heat exchanger 13 exchange heat with the heat exchange medium provided by the cryogenic medium storage device 43 and the high-temperature medium storage device 44, while the second heat exchanger 12 and the fourth heat exchanger 14 exchange heat with the heat exchange medium provided by the interseasonal heat storage device 41.

[0077] In one embodiment, the heating component includes a heating heat exchanger 51, an inlet pipe 52, and an outlet pipe 53. The inlet pipe 52 and the outlet pipe 53 are connected to one heat exchange channel of the heating heat exchanger 51, and the interseasonal heat storage device 41 is connected to the other heat exchange channel of the heating heat exchanger 51.

[0078] Specifically, the heating heat exchanger 51 also has two heat exchange channels and four interfaces. The inlet pipe 52 and outlet pipe 53 are connected to one of the channels. The inlet pipe 52 contains cold water, which, after heat exchange with the heating heat exchanger 51, becomes hot water and flows out from the outlet pipe 53. The interseasonal heat storage device 41 is connected to the other heat exchange channel. In this channel, cold water exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium input to the interseasonal heat storage device 41. The cold water extracts heat energy and is heated, then sent to the heat-using equipment through the outlet pipe 53. This allows for the utilization of the heat energy stored in the interseasonal heat storage device 41 during the heating season.

[0079] In one embodiment, the liquid inlet pipe 52 is also connected to the fourth heat exchanger 14, which is also connected to the heating heat exchanger 51.

[0080] Specifically, the inlet pipe 52 is connected to the fourth heat exchanger 14 via the inlet branch pipe 54, utilizing the high-temperature compressed air in the fourth heat exchanger 14 for heating to fully utilize the heat energy in the compressed air. After being heated, the cold water enters the heating heat exchanger 51 from the fourth heat exchanger 14, where the heat exchange medium supplied to the heating heat exchanger 51 by the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41 replenishes its heat energy for further heating. Of course, if the cold water temperature meets the usage requirements after being heated by the fourth heater, there is no need for the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41 to continue heating in the heating heat exchanger 51. This connection method can fully utilize the heat energy in the compressed air, improving the heat energy utilization rate.

[0081] In another embodiment, the heating component can be a heating pipe 55, and the heat exchange medium in the interseasonal heat storage device 41 is directly supplied to the heating pipe 55 and then delivered to the heat-using equipment. However, in this case, the heat exchange medium in the interseasonal heat storage device 41 needs to be replenished simultaneously.

[0082] In one embodiment, the interseasonal thermal storage device 41 includes: a storage cavity 411 and a waterproof layer 412 and a thermal insulation layer 413 sequentially disposed on the outside of the storage cavity 411, and a cover 414 is also disposed on the storage cavity 411.

[0083] The cross-seasonal heat storage device 41 can be in various shapes, such as a tank or box. The internal storage chamber 411 is used to store the heat exchange medium. A waterproof layer 412 on the outside of the storage chamber 411 prevents leakage of the heat exchange medium, and an insulation layer 413 on the outside of the waterproof layer 412 prevents heat exchange between the external environment and the heat exchange medium inside the storage chamber 411, reducing heat loss. A cover 414 on the storage chamber 411 prevents external impurities from entering the storage chamber 411, ensuring a hygienic environment inside the storage chamber 411 and preventing impurities from clogging pipes or components during system operation.

[0084] According to an embodiment of the present invention, another aspect provides an operation method for a compressed air combined heat and power system, which is applied to a compressed air combined heat and power system for cross-seasonal heat storage. The structure of the compressed air combined heat and power system is the same as that of the compressed air combined heat and power system described in the above embodiments, and therefore will not be described again.

[0085] The operation methods of compressed air combined heat and power systems include:

[0086] (1) When the compression subsystem is running, the air compression mechanism generates compressed air, which is then transported to the compressed air storage device 42 via the heat exchange component. During the non-heating season, the heat exchange medium in the cross-seasonal heat storage device 41 exchanges heat with the high-temperature compressed air through the heat exchanger, extracts heat energy and stores it. During the heating season, the cross-seasonal heat storage device 41 provides heat energy to the heating component.

[0087] This embodiment features a two-stage air compression mechanism, a two-stage air expansion mechanism, and each heat exchange assembly includes two connected heat exchangers. During the non-heating season, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the operation of the compression subsystem is as follows: The drive mechanism 21 starts, driving the first air compression mechanism 221 and the second air compression mechanism 222 to work. The first air compression mechanism 221 compresses the air, and then the compressed air passes sequentially through the first heat exchanger 11 and the second heat exchanger 12 before being sent to the second air compression mechanism 222. The high-temperature compressed air exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the low-temperature medium storage device 43 in the first heat exchanger 11. The heat exchange medium flows out of the first heat exchanger 11 and enters the high-temperature medium storage device 44. After the high-temperature compressed air is initially cooled in the first heat exchanger 11, it exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41 in the second heat exchanger 12. The heat exchange medium flows out of the second heat exchanger 12 and returns to the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41. At this time, the heat exchange medium absorbs heat and heats up, and the compressed air is cooled down again. Subsequently, the compressed air enters the second air compression mechanism 222 for further compression, and then passes through the third heat exchanger 13 and the fourth heat exchanger 14 before entering the compressed air storage device 42. In the third heat exchanger 13, heat is exchanged with the heat exchange medium in the low-temperature medium storage device 43. Similarly, in the fourth heat exchanger 14, heat is exchanged with the heat exchange medium in the interseasonal heat storage device 41. Finally, the heat enters the compressed air storage device 42 from the fourth heat exchanger 14. During the non-heating season, the interseasonal heat storage device 41 exchanges heat with compressed air in the heat exchanger through its internal heat exchange medium, extracts heat, and then returns to the interseasonal heat storage device 41 for storage.

[0088] During the heating season, the heat energy in the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41 can be supplied to the heating components. Specifically, such as... Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the liquid inlet pipe 52 first enters the fourth heat exchanger 14 to exchange heat with compressed air, and then enters the heating heat exchanger 51, where the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41 further provides heat energy for heat exchange. In other words, the heat exchange medium in the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41 no longer enters the fourth heat exchanger 14. The cold water in the liquid inlet pipe 52 is heated twice, by the fourth heat exchanger 14 and the heating heat exchanger 51. This fully utilizes the heat energy in the compressed air and saves on the heat energy consumption of the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41. During the heating season, the heating components can utilize the heat energy stored in the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41 during the non-heating season. Furthermore, the compression subsystem continues to extract heat energy from the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41 during the heating season, continuously supplying it to the heating components to meet their heat energy needs.

[0089] In another embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the inlet pipe 52 is directly connected to the heating heat exchanger 51. Cold water enters the heating heat exchanger 51 and then exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41. After being heated, it is sent to the heat-using equipment through the outlet pipe 53. In this heating method, the cold water in the inlet pipe 52 does not utilize the heat energy of the compressed air; the required heat energy is entirely provided by the heat exchange medium in the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41.

[0090] In other embodiments, when the heating component is a heating pipe 55, the heating method is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the interseasonal thermal storage device 41 directly sends the internal heat exchange medium to the heating pipeline 55, and then the heating pipeline 55 delivers it to the heat-using equipment. However, this heating method consumes the internal heat exchange medium of the interseasonal thermal storage device 41, so it is necessary to replenish the heat exchange medium of the interseasonal thermal storage device 41 simultaneously.

[0091] (2) When the expansion subsystem is in operation, compressed air is transported from the compressed air storage device 42 to the air expansion mechanism for power generation via the heat exchange components. During the non-heating season, the heat exchange medium in the cross-seasonal heat storage device 41 exchanges heat with the low-temperature compressed air through the heat exchanger, consuming heat energy. During the heating season, part of the heat energy in the cross-seasonal heat storage device 41 is supplied to the heating components.

[0092] During the non-heating season, such as Figure 6As shown, the expansion subsystem operates as follows: Compressed air in the compressed air storage device 42 enters the fourth heat exchanger 14, then from the fourth heat exchanger 14 into the third heat exchanger 13, and then into the first air expansion mechanism 311. The low-temperature compressed air in the fourth heat exchanger 14 exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the interseasonal heat storage device 41, heating it up. The heat exchange medium then returns from the fourth heat exchanger 14 to the interseasonal heat storage device 41. Afterwards, the compressed air exchanges heat again with the heat exchange medium in the high-temperature medium storage device 44 in the third heat exchanger 13, heating it up once more. The heat exchange medium then returns to the low-temperature medium storage device 43. After expanding in the first air expansion mechanism 311, the compressed air sequentially passes through the second heat exchanger 12 and the first heat exchanger 11 before entering the second air expansion mechanism 312. In the second heat exchanger 12, the compressed air exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the interseasonal heat storage device 41, heating it up. The heat exchange medium then returns from the fourth heat exchanger 14 to the interseasonal heat storage device 41. The compressed air then exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the high-temperature medium storage device 44 in the first heat exchanger 11, and is heated again. The heat exchange medium then returns to the low-temperature medium storage device 43. The compressed air enters the second air expansion mechanism 312 and expands again, driving the power generation mechanism 32 to generate electricity, thus providing the system with electrical energy. The operation of the compression subsystem generates compressed air, while the operation of the expansion subsystem requires compressed air. Therefore, the compression subsystem generally operates first, followed by the expansion subsystem. This is because the interseasonal thermal energy storage device 41 stores heat energy during the operation of the compression subsystem while the expansion subsystem is running. The operation of the expansion subsystem is a process that consumes thermal energy. During the non-heating season, a portion of the heat energy required for the compressed air to heat up is provided by the interseasonal thermal energy storage device 41.

[0093] During the heating season, the heating process of the compression subsystem is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, cold water in the inlet pipe 52 enters the heating heat exchanger 51 and exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the interseasonal heat storage device 41. After absorbing heat energy and being heated, the cold water enters the outlet pipe 53 from the heating heat exchanger 51 and is then supplied to the heat-using equipment. In other words, part of the heat energy in the interseasonal heat storage device 41 is used to heat the compressed air, and part is used for the heating components.

[0094] In other embodiments, when the heating component is the heating pipe 55, the heating method during the operation of the compression subsystem is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the interseasonal thermal storage device 41 directly sends the internal heat exchange medium to the heating pipeline 55, and then the heating pipeline 55 delivers it to the heat-using equipment. However, this heating method consumes the internal heat exchange medium of the interseasonal thermal storage device 41, so it is necessary to replenish the heat exchange medium of the interseasonal thermal storage device 41 simultaneously.

[0095] Example 2

[0096] like Figure 10As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the connection method between the cryogenic medium storage device 43 and the high-temperature medium storage device 44 and the heat exchanger. In this embodiment, the cryogenic medium storage device 43 and the high-temperature medium storage device 44 are connected to each heat exchanger. That is, one of the two liquid interfaces of each heat exchanger is connected to the cryogenic medium storage device 43, and the other is connected to the high-temperature medium storage device 44.

[0097] The operation of the compression subsystem is the same as in Example 1. The heat exchange medium in the interseasonal heat storage device 41 exchanges heat with the compressed air in the second heat exchanger 12 and the fourth heat exchanger 14, extracting and storing heat energy, which is then supplied to the heating components during the heating season. Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown, during the operation of the expansion subsystem, the heat energy required for the compressed air to exchange heat in the four heat exchangers is provided by the high-temperature medium storage device 44, and the heat exchange medium enters the low-temperature medium storage device 43 after heat exchange. During the non-heating season, the heat energy in the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41 is not used. During the heating season, all the heat energy stored in the inter-seasonal heat storage device 41 is supplied to the heating components.

[0098] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A compressed air combined heat and power system for cross-seasonal heat storage, characterized in that, include: Two sets of heat exchange components, each set of heat exchange components includes two heat exchangers; The compression assembly includes: a drive mechanism and a two-stage air compression mechanism. The drive mechanism is connected to the first air compression mechanism, the first air compression mechanism is connected to the second air compression mechanism, and the outlet of each stage air compression mechanism is connected to a set of heat exchange components. Adjacent stages of air compression mechanisms are connected through heat exchange components. An expansion assembly includes: a two-stage air expansion mechanism and a power generation mechanism, wherein the first air expansion mechanism is connected to the power generation mechanism, the first air expansion mechanism is connected to the second expansion mechanism, the air inlet of each stage of the air expansion mechanism is connected to a set of heat exchange components, and adjacent two stages of the air expansion mechanism are connected through the heat exchange components. The storage assembly includes: a cross-seasonal heat storage device and a compressed air storage device, the cross-seasonal heat storage device being connected to a second heat exchanger and a fourth heat exchanger respectively, the compressed air storage device being connected to a set of heat exchange components connected to the outlet of the second air compression mechanism, and a set of heat exchange components connected to the inlet of the first air expansion mechanism. Heating components, which are connected to inter-seasonal thermal storage devices; The compression subsystem consists of a compression component, a heat exchange component, and a storage component. When the compression subsystem is running, it generates compressed air and stores it in a compressed air storage device. The expansion subsystem consists of an expansion component, a heat exchange component, and a storage component. When the expansion subsystem is running, it uses the compressed air in the compressed air storage device to generate electricity. The thermal energy storage device stores thermal energy during the non-heating season and the heating season, and provides thermal energy to the heating component during the heating season. Each stage of air compression mechanism and each stage of air expansion mechanism share a set of heat exchange components; The storage assembly also includes a cryogenic medium storage device and a high-temperature medium storage device, which are respectively connected to the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has two gas ports and two liquid ports. The gas ports of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are connected. The other gas port of the first heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the first air compression mechanism and the inlet of the second air expansion mechanism. The other gas port of the second heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the second air compression mechanism and the outlet of the first air expansion mechanism. The gas ports of the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger are connected. The other gas port of the third heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the second air compression mechanism and the inlet of the first air expansion mechanism. The other gas port of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the compressed air storage device. The low-temperature medium storage device is connected to one liquid interface of the first heat exchanger and one liquid interface of the third heat exchanger; the high-temperature medium storage device is connected to another liquid interface of the first heat exchanger and another liquid interface of the third heat exchanger; the interseasonal thermal storage device is connected to two liquid interfaces of the second heat exchanger and two liquid interfaces of the fourth heat exchanger. The heating components include a heating heat exchanger, an inlet pipe, and an outlet pipe. The inlet pipe, one heat exchange channel of the heating heat exchanger, and the outlet pipe are connected in sequence. The interseasonal heat storage device is connected to another heat exchange channel of the heating heat exchanger.

2. The compressed air combined heat and power system for cross-seasonal thermal storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interseasonal thermal storage device includes: a storage cavity and a waterproof layer and an insulation layer arranged sequentially on the outside of the storage cavity, and a cover is also provided on the storage cavity.

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