Rigidity-variable multi-stable-state inerter type nonlinear energy trap damping device and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a variable-rigidity multi-stable-state inerter type nonlinear energy trap damping device and a working method thereof. The device is composed of a bottom plate, a belleville spring, a loading head, a core fixing cylinder, a nylon gasket, a rubber center cylinder, a mass block, a screw, a ball screw, a flywheel and the like. A multistable energy dissipation mechanism is formed by connecting the belleville spring elements with the negative stiffness characteristic in series and in parallel. The pre-pressing displacement of the belleville spring can be accurately regulated and controlled by adjusting the fastening degree of the bolt and the position of the fixed baffle on the sliding rail, and non-linear rigidity adjustment of the device is achieved. An inerter element is formed through the combined design of a ball screw transmission system and a flywheel, efficient energy conversion and inertial mass effects are achieved, and therefore the vibration reduction effect and robustness of the system are remarkably improved. The device is compact in structure, excellent in performance and suitable for coping with a complex vibration environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of vibration control, and in particular to a variable-rigidity multi-stable inertia-capacitance type nonlinear energy well vibration reduction device based on a disc spring and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Effectively suppressing unwanted vibrations has always been an important challenge in the engineering field, especially in the fields of various types of mechanical equipment, building structures, aerospace, etc. Vibration problems not only affect the performance of the structure, but may also lead to fatigue failure, shorten the life of the equipment and even safety accidents. Traditional vibration reduction technology mainly relies on linear shock absorbers. This type of system is based on linear vibration theory and can effectively reduce vibration within the design frequency range. However, factors such as structural degradation caused by external excitation effects, inaccurate damping design estimates, and structural modifications during service often cause the structural stiffness to deviate from the expected design. At the same time, when the system is subjected to complex excitations, especially multi-band or high-amplitude nonlinear vibrations, the performance of traditional linear shock absorbers is insufficient. When dealing with complex excitations, especially multi-band or high-amplitude nonlinear vibrations, their effectiveness is hindered by the tuning failure effect.

[0003] In order to solve the above limitations, nonlinear energy well technology has gradually attracted attention. The nonlinear energy well system introduces high-order nonlinear terms to enable it to effectively respond to the amplitude characteristics of external excitations over a wide frequency range. The transient resonance capture mechanism is used to induce significant energy exchange with a series of modes of the main structure, so that the energy is transferred from low-frequency vibrations to high-frequency vibrations, and finally dissipated through the damping of the attached structure. However, traditional nonlinear energy well devices have limitations such as high-threshold energy transfer mechanism, dependence on external excitation intensity and large mass ratio of the attached structure, and fixed nonlinear characteristics, which cannot flexibly adapt to multi-frequency vibrations and different amplitude changes in complex vibration environments. Therefore, the development of a lightweight nonlinear energy well vibration reduction device with variable stiffness characteristics has become the key to solving complex vibration problems.

[0004] In recent years, some studies have proposed designing elastic elements with adjustable stiffness or introducing multi-stable mechanisms to improve the vibration reduction effect of nonlinear energy sinks. Through mechanical adjustment, magnetic adjustment or the application of smart materials, nonlinear energy sinks can adaptively adjust their stiffness and steady-state characteristics according to actual vibration conditions. However, these methods still face challenges in practice, such as insufficient adjustment accuracy, complex structure and high cost, which limit their application in practical engineering. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a variable stiffness multi-stable inertia-capacitance nonlinear energy well vibration reduction device, which can effectively control vibrations of different frequencies and amplitudes by changing the stiffness and steady-state characteristics of the device. By integrating inertia-capacitance elements, the vibration reduction device can be lightweight while providing sufficient inertia effect, improving the response speed and dynamic performance of the system, and optimizing the vibration reduction effect and system robustness.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A variable stiffness multi-stable inertia-capacitance type nonlinear energy well vibration reduction device, comprising: A bottom plate is fixed on the controlled structure, and a connecting plate is provided at one end of the bottom plate; Two fixed baffles are relatively arranged on the bottom plate through a distance adjustment component, and the distance adjustment component can adjust the distance between the two fixed baffles; A nonlinear energy well vibration reduction component formed by connecting multiple groups of disc spring elements with negative stiffness characteristics in series and parallel through screws is connected between the two fixed baffles to form a multi-stable structure with multi-stage elastic jump behavior; A mass block is serially connected to the screw and is located between the multiple groups of disc spring elements with negative stiffness characteristics. A ball screw is fixedly connected to the geometric center of one side of the mass block. The free end of the ball screw passes through a fixed baffle, two fixed plates fixed to the bottom plate and arranged in parallel, and a vertical plate portion of the bottom plate in sequence. A ball nut is installed on the free end of the ball screw and located between the two fixed plates. The outer periphery of the ball nut is provided with external teeth. Two flywheels are symmetrically meshed on both sides of the ball nut; Under the inertial thrust of the mass block, the ball screw can move along the axis, causing the ball nut to rotate, thereby driving the two flywheels to rotate, generating an inertial mass effect.

[0007] The nonlinear energy well vibration reduction assembly comprises: The loading head is a disc-shaped component with a central hole, which consists of an annular base and a coaxially arranged annular restraint cylinder, and is used to provide positioning and transfer external loads during installation; A core fixing cylinder is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the annular constraint cylinder; A disc spring group in which multiple disc springs of the same direction are connected in parallel is coaxially sleeved on the outer wall of the core fixing cylinder. Multiple disc springs of the same direction are connected through an inner washer and inner and outer washers, wherein the inner washer is arranged at the edge joint of the inner ring of the disc spring, and the inner and outer washers are coaxially arranged outside the inner washer. By adjusting the diameters of the inner and outer washers, the disc springs of different parameters can be jointly stressed, the torque can be reduced and the output can be amplified; The two groups of disc springs in opposite directions are connected in series symmetrically on the left and right with the rubber center tube as the center to form a disc spring vibration reduction assembly. The rubber center tube is an annular element with a through hole in the middle. The two ends of the rubber center tube are respectively in contact with the inner ring edges of two adjacent disc springs. The outer gasket is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the rubber center tube, so that the disc spring can be fully deformed during the compression process, ensuring that the negative stiffness characteristics of the disc spring are effectively exerted; One end of the screw is fixedly connected to a fixed baffle on one side, and the other end passes through at least one group of the disc spring vibration reduction assemblies, the center of the mass block and at least another group of the disc spring vibration reduction assemblies, and then is fixedly connected to a fixed baffle on the other side of the base plate to form a nonlinear energy well vibration reduction assembly.

[0008] The two ends of the screw rod are provided with threads, and the screw rod is fixedly connected with the fixed baffle plate by the cooperation of the threads and nuts; A rectangular groove is provided on the surface of the screw rod along the axial direction, and a guide protrusion capable of being inserted into the rectangular groove is provided on the inner wall of the center hole of the mass block; A through hole is provided at the center of the screw, and the ball screw is fixed to the mass block through the through hole.

[0009] The distance adjustment component is a linear slide rail component, comprising: A slide rail fixed on the bottom plate; A slider, slidably disposed in the slide rail and capable of being fixed relative to the slide rail by a first bolt; The bottom of the fixed baffle is connected to the sliding block via a second bolt.

[0010] The inner washer, inner and outer washer and outer washer are all made of nylon, and the inner washer and inner and outer washer are in contact with the disc spring in a circular line form.

[0011] The core fixing tube and the center tube are both made of rubber material.

[0012] The present invention further discloses a working method of the variable stiffness multi-stable inertia-capacitance type nonlinear energy sink vibration reduction device. When the external environment excitation acts on the controlled structure, the vibration reduction device and the controlled structure produce instantaneous resonance, causing the mass block in the nonlinear energy well vibration reduction assembly to slide left and right along the screw; this sliding causes the disc spring to be axially compressed, generating a nonlinear restoring force; in this process, the internal equilibrium state of the disc spring changes dramatically, accompanied by the release of strain energy and the redistribution of the internal structure, effectively dissipating the external input vibration energy through high-frequency extrusion of the rubber material and sliding friction; At the same time, the linear motion of the mass block is converted into the high-speed rotational motion of the flywheel through the ball screw transmission system fixed to its geometric center, generating an inertial mass effect far exceeding its own physical mass; By connecting disc spring elements with negative stiffness characteristics in series and parallel, a multi-stable energy dissipation mechanism is formed, and the device can achieve precise control of vibrations of different frequencies and amplitudes; The distance adjustment component is used to precisely control the preload displacement of the disc spring element, thereby achieving nonlinear stiffness adjustment of the device; The synergistic effect of the ball screw and the flywheel further enhances the inertial damping effect of the system, significantly improving the vibration reduction performance of the controlled structure and the overall stability of the system.

[0013] 1. The present invention combines disc springs with negative stiffness characteristics in series and parallel to construct a nonlinear energy well with a sawtooth force-displacement curve. Different disc spring units produce sudden changes in stiffness due to elastic jumps, which causes a drastic change in the equilibrium state of the disc springs inside the device, resulting in multi-stable characteristics. The vibration energy input from the outside is effectively dissipated through high-frequency extrusion of rubber materials and sliding friction. This design can provide efficient vibration control in a wider range of frequencies and amplitudes, effectively dissipate vibration energy, and significantly improve the vibration reduction effect.

[0014] 2. The present invention can adjust the distance between the two fixed baffles through the distance adjustment component, and can realize the precise regulation of the pre-compression displacement of the disc spring, thereby flexibly adjusting the nonlinear stiffness of the device and realizing the variable stiffness characteristic. The vibration reduction device has stronger adaptability and can be optimized according to different working conditions.

[0015] 3. The present invention integrates an inertia element in the nonlinear energy sink device, and significantly enhances the inertial mass effect through the coordinated design of the ball screw and the flywheel assembly. The inertia element uses its unique dynamic characteristics to provide additional dynamic stiffness and damping, achieving lightweight vibration reduction devices while significantly improving the overall vibration reduction effect.

[0016] 4. The core fixing tube and rubber center tube and other components in the present invention are all made of rubber materials, which provide flexible fixation before the disc spring is deformed to prevent the disc spring from slipping. At the same time, it does not affect the lateral deformation of the inner and outer edges of the disc spring during the response process, ensuring the stability of the mechanical properties of the disc spring.

[0017] 5. The nylon inner washer and the nylon inner and outer washers in the present invention are in contact with the disc spring in the form of a circular line, which reduces the influence of friction resistance and ensures the stable performance of the disc spring. At the same time, the plane diameter of the nylon inner and outer washers can be adjusted to reduce the axial force torque of the disc spring and amplify the output, thereby optimizing the force performance of the disc spring.

[0018] 6. The screw of the present invention is made of rigid material and has threads at both ends, which is used to constrain multiple groups of disc spring elements. The surface of the screw is provided with rectangular grooves along the length direction, and a through hole is opened in the center, which can be precisely matched with the mass block and the ball screw assembly. The screw is not only used to connect the disc spring elements in series, but also serves as a sliding track for the mass block. At the same time, it has the function of adjusting the preload displacement of the disc spring, integrating multiple functions in one.

[0019] 7. The slide rail system of the present invention is made of rigid material. The vibration reduction device is firmly fixed at any position of the slide rail by bolts on the fixing block, and sealing blocks are arranged at both ends to prevent the device from derailing. By adjusting the position of the fixing block, the preload displacement of the disc spring can be accurately adjusted.

[0020] 8. The materials used in the present invention are low-cost, simple in structure, and easy to install and maintain. Each component can be realized by standardized factory machining or 3D printing technology, and the materials and specifications can be selected and adjusted according to different needs. The manufacturing process is simple and has high practicality and adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of a single disc spring element of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single disc spring of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the series-parallel structure of multiple groups of disc spring elements of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a loading head component of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the core fixed cylinder component of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the rubber center tube component of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the nylon inner and outer gasket components of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the nylon outer gasket component of the present invention; Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the screw structure of the present invention; Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the mass block and ball screw system of the present invention.

[0022] Fig.14It is a schematic diagram of the fixed baffle component of the present invention.

[0023] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the components of the slide rail system of the present invention; Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of a flywheel component of the present invention.

[0024] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of the fixing plate and sleeve rod components of the present invention.

[0025] Fig.18 Schematic diagram of the force-displacement curve of a single disc spring.

[0026] Fig.19 Schematic diagram of the force-displacement curve of the unilateral vibration reduction device.

[0027] Fig. 20 Schematic diagram of the force-displacement curve of the vibration reduction device under different preload displacements.

[0028] The following are the descriptions of the reference numerals: 1. Base plate; 2. Disc spring; 3. Loading head; 4. Core fixing tube; 5. Nylon inner washer; 6. Nylon inner and outer washers; 7. Nylon outer washer; 8. Rubber center tube; 9. Mass block; 10. Bolt; 11. Screw; 12. Slide rail; 13. Fixed block; 14. Sealing block; 15. Fixed baffle; 16. Flywheel; 17. Ball screw; 18. Fixed plate; 19. Sleeve rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to more clearly demonstrate the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention, the patent of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, and do not limit it in any form.

[0030] This embodiment discloses a variable stiffness multi-stable inertia-capacitance type nonlinear energy sink vibration reduction device based on disc springs, such as Figure 1-17 As shown. The device consists of a base plate 1, a nonlinear energy well and an integrated inertia element. The nonlinear energy well is constructed by 16 groups of disc spring elements connected in series and in parallel, and each group of disc spring elements consists of 3 disc springs 2 connected in series.

[0031] The base plate 1 is made of high-strength steel and is L-shaped. The horizontal portion is used to fix the vibration reduction device on the controlled structure, and the vertical portion is used to fix the ball screw 17 and the sleeve rod 19 of the inertia element.

[0032] The assembly method of a single disc spring element is as follows: Figure 4As shown. Specifically, it includes the following components: a loading head 3, which is made of steel, and the number is 1; a core fixing tube 4 and a rubber center tube 8, which are made of rubber materials according to the size requirements of the matching components, and the number is 1; a disc spring 2, which is made of steel, and the number is 3; a nylon inner washer 5, a nylon inner and outer washer 6, and a nylon outer washer 7, which are all manufactured by 3D printing technology, and the numbers are 3, 2, and 1 respectively.

[0033] During the assembly process, the protruding annular constraint cylinder of the loading head 3 is inserted into the axial hole of the annular base of the core fixing cylinder 4 to form a precise fit. The nylon inner washer 5 is coaxially placed with the core fixing cylinder 4 and contacts its annular base to ensure structural stability. The disc springs 2 are coaxially arranged on the plug-in part of the core fixing cylinder in sequence, and the inner edge of the disc spring contacts the plug-in part of the core fixing cylinder. The disc springs are isolated and supported by the nylon inner washer 5 and the nylon inner and outer washers 6 to ensure that the disc springs maintain their designed performance when subjected to force. The nylon inner washer 5 and the nylon inner and outer washers 6 are both in contact with the disc spring 2 in the form of a circular line and are coaxially arranged with the core fixing cylinder 4 to provide rigid support and flexible constraint. The rubber center cylinder 8 has the same diameter as the inner edge of the disc spring 2, is located at the rightmost side of the single disc spring element, and contacts the inner edge of the disc spring. The nylon outer washer 7 is coaxially arranged on the outside of the rubber center cylinder 8 and is located on the right side of the rightmost disc spring 2. The above components together constitute a single disc spring element.

[0034] The loading head 3 is precisely matched with the core fixing tube 4, the nylon inner gasket 5, the nylon inner and outer gaskets 6, the nylon outer gasket 7 and the rubber center tube 8 to ensure that the entire structure is arranged along the same central axis.

[0035] The screw 11 is made of steel, with a diameter matching the center hole of the loading head 3, and with threads of preset length at both ends. A rectangular groove is arranged on the surface of the screw along the length direction, and a through circular hole is opened in the center to cooperate with the mass block 9 and the ball screw 17. Figure 1-2 As shown, the screws 11 are connected in series and parallel to form a multi-stable energy consumption mechanism.

[0036] The auxiliary mass block 9 in the nonlinear energy well is made of steel, with a circular opening with a trapezoidal groove in the center, and is connected to the threaded part of the ball screw 17 by welding. The mass block 9 is placed between 16 sets of disc spring elements symmetrical at both ends, and the screw 11 passes through the circular opening of the mass block 9, so that it can slide freely on the screw 11. The ball screw 17 is fixed to the geometric center of the mass block 9, and passes through the reserved hole on the fixed baffle 15, extending to the vertical part of the bottom plate 1, ensuring the stability and coordinated work of the overall structure.

[0037] The fixed baffle 15 is made of steel, and its flat plate portion is provided with 4 bolt holes, which can firmly install the fixed baffle 15 on the slide rail 12. There are two types of vertical plate designs: one includes a single hole for fixing the screw rod 11; the other includes 3 holes, which are used to fix the screw rod 11 and two sleeve rods 19 respectively.

[0038] The slide rail 12 system includes four fixing blocks 13 and two sealing blocks 14, all of which are made of steel. Fig.15 As shown. The fixed baffle 15 is fixed to the slide rail 12 through the bolt 10 and the fixed block 13, and the sealing block 14 is used to prevent the component from detaching from the slide rail. By adjusting the position of the fixed block 13 and the fixed baffle 15, the preload displacement of the disc spring can be set, thereby adjusting the nonlinear restoring force of the system.

[0039] The ball screw 17 is fixedly connected to the geometric center of the mass block 9, and passes through the reserved hole on the fixed baffle 15 and extends to the bottom plate 1. Figure 1 and 13 The ball and nut of the ball screw 17 are blocked by a fixing plate 18 to limit their displacement along the screw direction.

[0040] The flywheel 16 is of suitable size to match the ball screw 17, and is fixed by a sleeve rod 19. Its two ends are fixed to the fixed baffle 15 and the vertical plate of the bottom plate 1 by bolts 10 to ensure the stability of the device. At the same time, the nut of the flywheel 16 and the ball screw 17 should be in the same plane. The ball screw 17 drives the fixed body of the flywheel 16 and the nut of the ball screw 17 at both ends to rotate under the inertial thrust of the mass block 9 through the thread and the ball, so that the structure generates a large inertial mass.

[0041] The size of the flywheel 16 matches that of the ball screw 17, and is fixed to the vertical part of the fixed baffle 15 and the bottom plate 1 through the sleeve rod 19 to ensure the stability of the device during operation. The nut of the flywheel 16 and the ball screw 17 are in the same plane. Under the inertial thrust of the mass block 9, the ball screw 17 drives the flywheels 16 at both ends to rotate, thereby generating a significant inertial mass effect, which effectively improves the vibration reduction performance of the device while reducing the physical mass of the system.

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the mechanical properties and overall performance of this embodiment, Figure 18-20 Various force-displacement curve schematics are presented to further illustrate the working principle of the device and its performance advantages.

[0043] Fig.18The force displacement curve of a single disc spring with negative stiffness characteristics is shown. The curve reveals the unique mechanical performance of the disc spring under external force, especially its negative stiffness characteristics within a specific range. This negative stiffness effect is the core of the multi-stable vibration reduction mechanism of the present invention, which can effectively absorb and dissipate external vibration energy by inducing an elastic kick effect.

[0044] Fig.19 The force displacement curve of a single-sided vibration damping device formed by series-parallel connection of disc springs is shown. A typical sawtooth force displacement curve is formed by combining disc springs with negative stiffness characteristics in series and parallel. Due to the sudden change in stiffness of different disc spring units during elastic jump, the equilibrium state inside the device changes dramatically, resulting in multi-stable characteristics. This design can efficiently dissipate external input vibration energy through high-frequency extrusion of rubber materials and sliding friction.

[0045] Fig. 20 The force displacement curve of the nonlinear energy well device under different preload displacement conditions is shown. When the initial preload displacement is small, the curve gradually shows piecewise linear stiffness, and the system stiffness changes with displacement in a staged manner. As the preload displacement increases, the system exhibits quasi-cubic stiffness characteristics and shows significant geometric nonlinear characteristics. The curve shows how to flexibly adjust the overall stiffness and multi-stable characteristics of the device by adjusting the preload displacement of the disc spring. All results show significant hysteresis and excellent energy dissipation capabilities.

[0046] The variable stiffness multi-stable inertia-capacitance nonlinear energy well vibration reduction device described in the present invention is firmly installed on the controlled structure through the base plate 1. When the external environment excitation acts on the controlled structure, the vibration reduction device and the controlled structure produce instantaneous resonance, causing the mass block 9 of the nonlinear energy well to slide left and right along the screw 11. This sliding causes the disc spring 2 to be axially compressed, generating a significant nonlinear restoring force. In this process, the internal equilibrium state of the disc spring 2 changes dramatically, accompanied by the release of strain energy and the redistribution of the internal structure, and the vibration energy input from the outside is effectively dissipated through high-frequency extrusion of the rubber material and sliding friction. At the same time, the linear motion of the mass block 9 is converted into a high-speed rotational motion of the flywheel 16 through the ball screw 17 transmission system fixed to its geometric center, generating an inertial mass effect far exceeding its own physical mass. By connecting the disc spring elements with negative stiffness characteristics in series and parallel, a multi-stable energy dissipation mechanism is formed, and the device achieves precise control of vibrations of different frequencies and amplitudes. By adjusting the tightness of the bolts and the position of the fixed baffle 15 on the slide rail, the preload displacement of the disc spring can be precisely controlled, thereby achieving nonlinear stiffness adjustment of the device. In addition, the synergy of the ball screw 17 and the flywheel 16 further enhances the inertial damping effect of the system, significantly improving the vibration reduction performance of the controlled structure and the overall stability of the system.

[0047] The above embodiments are only used as an explanation of the preferred implementation methods of the present invention, and do not limit the concept and scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design concept of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The technical content of the present invention has been fully described in the claims.

Claims

1. A variable stiffness multi-stable inertia-capacitance type nonlinear energy sink vibration reduction device, characterized in that: include: A bottom plate is fixed on the controlled structure, and a connecting plate is provided at one end of the bottom plate; Two fixed baffles are relatively arranged on the bottom plate through a distance adjustment component, and the distance adjustment component can adjust the distance between the two fixed baffles; A nonlinear energy well vibration reduction component formed by connecting multiple groups of disc spring elements with negative stiffness characteristics in series and parallel through screws is connected between the two fixed baffles to form a multi-stable structure with multi-stage elastic jump behavior; A mass block is serially connected to the screw and is located between the multiple groups of disc spring elements with negative stiffness characteristics. A ball screw is fixedly connected to the geometric center of one side of the mass block. The free end of the ball screw passes through a fixed baffle, two fixed plates fixed to the bottom plate and arranged in parallel, and a vertical plate portion of the bottom plate in sequence. A ball nut is installed on the free end of the ball screw and located between the two fixed plates. The outer periphery of the ball nut is provided with external teeth. Two flywheels are symmetrically meshed on both sides of the ball nut and meshed with external teeth on the ball nut; Under the inertial thrust of the mass block, the ball screw can move along the axis to rotate the ball nut, and the rotation of the ball nut drives the two flywheels to rotate, generating an inertial mass effect.

2. The variable stiffness multi-stable inertia-capacitive nonlinear energy sink vibration reduction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nonlinear energy well vibration reduction assembly includes: The loading head is a disc-shaped component with a central hole, which consists of an annular base and a coaxially arranged annular restraint cylinder, and is used to provide positioning and transfer external loads during installation; A core fixing cylinder is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the annular constraint cylinder; A disc spring group in which multiple disc springs of the same direction are connected in parallel is coaxially sleeved on the outer wall of the core fixing cylinder. Multiple disc springs of the same direction are connected through an inner washer and inner and outer washers, wherein the inner washer is arranged at the edge joint of the inner ring of the disc spring, and the inner and outer washers are coaxially arranged outside the inner washer. By adjusting the diameters of the inner and outer washers, the disc springs of different parameters can be jointly stressed, the torque can be reduced and the output can be amplified; The two sets of disc springs in opposite directions are connected in series symmetrically on the left and right with the center tube as the center to form a disc spring vibration reduction assembly. The center tube is an annular element with a through hole in the middle. The two ends of the center tube are respectively in contact with the inner ring edges of two adjacent disc springs. The outer washer is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the central tube, so that the disc spring can be fully deformed during the compression process, ensuring that the negative stiffness characteristics of the disc spring are effectively exerted; One end of the screw is fixedly connected to a fixed baffle on one side, and the other end passes through at least one group of the disc spring vibration reduction assemblies, the center of the mass block and at least another group of the disc spring vibration reduction assemblies, and then is fixedly connected to a fixed baffle on the other side of the base plate to form a nonlinear energy well vibration reduction assembly.

3. The variable stiffness multi-stable inertia-capacitance nonlinear energy sink vibration reduction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the screw rod are provided with threads, and the screw rod is fixedly connected with the fixed baffle plate by the cooperation of the threads and nuts; A rectangular groove is provided on the surface of the screw rod along the axial direction, and a guide protrusion capable of being inserted into the rectangular groove is provided on the inner wall of the center hole of the mass block; A through hole is provided at the center of the screw, and the ball screw is fixed to the mass block through the through hole.

4. The variable stiffness multi-stable inertia-capacitance nonlinear energy sink vibration reduction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance adjustment component is a linear slide rail component, comprising: A slide rail fixed on the bottom plate; A slider, slidably disposed in the slide rail and capable of being fixed relative to the slide rail by a first bolt; The bottom of the fixed baffle is connected to the sliding block via a second bolt.

5. The variable stiffness multi-stable inertia-capacitive nonlinear energy sink vibration reduction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner washer, inner and outer washers and outer washer are all made of nylon. The inner washer and the inner and outer washers are in contact with the disc spring in a circular line form.

6. The variable stiffness multi-stable inertia-capacitive nonlinear energy sink vibration reduction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The core fixing tube and the center tube are both made of rubber material.

7. The working method of the variable stiffness multi-stable inertia-capacitance type nonlinear energy sink vibration reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: When the external environment excitation acts on the controlled structure, the vibration reduction device and the controlled structure produce instantaneous resonance, causing the mass block in the nonlinear energy well vibration reduction assembly to slide left and right along the screw; this sliding causes the disc spring to be axially compressed, generating a nonlinear restoring force; in this process, the internal equilibrium state of the disc spring changes dramatically, accompanied by the release of strain energy and the redistribution of the internal structure, effectively dissipating the external input vibration energy through high-frequency extrusion of the rubber material and sliding friction; At the same time, the linear motion of the mass block is converted into the high-speed rotational motion of the flywheel through the ball screw transmission system fixed to its geometric center, generating an inertial mass effect far exceeding its own physical mass; By connecting disc spring elements with negative stiffness characteristics in series and parallel, a multi-stable energy dissipation mechanism is formed, and the device can achieve precise control of vibrations of different frequencies and amplitudes; The distance adjustment component is used to precisely control the preload displacement of the disc spring element, thereby achieving nonlinear stiffness adjustment of the device; The synergistic effect of the ball screw and the flywheel further enhances the inertial damping effect of the system, significantly improving the vibration reduction performance of the controlled structure and the overall stability of the system.

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