A method for promoting the early accumulation of anthocyanins in vitis vinifera

Abstract

The wine grape cultivation method for promoting early accumulation of anthocyanin of the application adopts the "factory" character single dragon vine, makes the vertical growth height of the new shoot 80-140 cm, controls the drooping length of the new shoot to 0-50 cm by pruning the new shoot, controls the leaf curtain thickness to 50-70 cm by pruning the straight up secondary shoot grown at the bending part of the new shoot and the overlong secondary shoot on both sides of the leaf curtain, and the non-intercepting scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain is 0.3-0.8. The leaf curtain in this form forms a suitable leaf curtain microclimate, can properly shade the fruit, can maintain the temperature under the leaf curtain stable, strengthens the photosynthesis of the leaf, and can promote the early accumulation of anthocyanin in the grape fruit during the ripening process and improve the content of anthocyanin in the fruit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of grape cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for cultivating wine grapes that promotes the early accumulation of anthocyanins. Background Technology

[0002] The bioactive substances and color of grape berries are important indicators of their quality and ripeness. Anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds are the main coloring and bioactive substances in grapes. In wine, anthocyanins often combine with one or more glucose molecules to form anthocyanins. Anthocyanins in red wine are natural antioxidants that can effectively prevent the production of free radicals in the body, helping to delay aging, prevent cardiovascular disease, and fight cancer. Furthermore, anthocyanins can promote vasodilation and help lower blood pressure. Early accumulation of anthocyanins leads to the synthesis of more anthocyanins in the grape skins during ripening and harvesting, resulting in better ripeness and deeper color in the grapes. This contributes to an increase in the anthocyanin content of the wine; the higher the anthocyanin content in red wine, the greater its health benefits.

[0003] Studies have shown that the anthocyanin content in fruits is closely related to the environment and is influenced by many environmental factors such as temperature and light. Therefore, adopting an appropriate canopy form is particularly important for regulating the balance of fruit production and improving fruit quality. The microclimate of the canopy layer has a profound impact on plant physiological processes, thereby affecting the content and types of substances such as carbohydrates, acids, and phenols. Results indicate that competition for light energy within the canopy layer is a limiting factor for photosynthetic productivity, and the structure of the canopy layer affects photosynthesis and the distribution of photosynthetic products, thus leading to differences in fruit quality.

[0004] In the prior art, "Effects of Trellis / Vine Canopy Types on Anthocyanin Metabolism in Grapes" by Shandong Agricultural University used five-year-old Moldova grapes as test materials to explore the effects of different trellis / vine canopy types on anthocyanin metabolism. At the same time, the monomer differences of anthocyanins in different grape varieties under the condition of vertical vine canopy in a hedgerow were also compared. The research shows that when the fruits are mature, the contents of 13 anthocyanin monomers in the pericarp of pergola fruits are significantly higher than those of hedgerow fruits. The anthocyanin content of pergola bagged mature fruits is significantly higher than that of hedgerow bagged fruits, and the fruit color is also better than that of hedgerow bagged fruits. Comparative analysis shows that in terms of fruit anthocyanin content and fruit color, the shading effect of the vine canopy is significantly better than that of bagging. "Study on Phenolic Compounds in Grapes and Their Wines at Different Fruit-bearing Positions on a Vertical Single-arm Cane" by Hu Fan et al. found that there are significant differences in the phenolic compound contents in wines brewed from fruits at different fruit-bearing positions. Chinese Patent No. CN202211405355.X discloses a cultivation method for wine grapes suitable for strong light and high temperature. The main process is as follows: (1) Based on horizontal tying of the vine or one-year-old branches, the new shoots on the vine or one-year-old branches are fixed with tying wires to make them grow upright upward for 65 to 95 cm; (2) After reaching the upright growth height, the new shoots grow freely on both sides of the grape row and droop in a parabolic shape; (3) When the new shoots droop below the fruit-bearing zone, the new shoots are pruned; at this time, the new shoots and leaves form a vine canopy; (4) After the fruits enter the color-changing period, the new shoots are pruned until the end of the new shoots is 20 to 30 cm above the fruit-bearing zone. This method can effectively avoid sunburn, improve the fruit quality, and thus improve the wine quality. In the above prior art, although the quality of grapes and the anthocyanin content have been improved to a certain extent, the premature accumulation of anthocyanins has not been promoted, and thus more anthocyanins cannot be synthesized in wine grape fruits at the time of mature harvest. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, the present application provides a cultivation method for wine grapes that promotes the premature accumulation of anthocyanins to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the premature accumulation of anthocyanins has not been promoted, and thus more anthocyanins cannot be synthesized in wine grape fruits at the time of mature harvest.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0007] A cultivation method for wine grapes that promotes the premature accumulation of anthocyanins, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0008] S01. After the wine grapes are unrolled, remove the thin and weak branches, over-dense branches, diseased branches, inflorescence-weak branches and excess new shoots, and fix the vine with tying wires on the "factory"-shaped support rods arranged in the north-south direction to make the new shoots grow upright upward to 80 to 140 cm, forming the ascending section of the vine canopy;

[0009] S02. After the new shoots grow upright to 80 to 140 cm, let them hang down naturally towards the west side of the grape row to form a drooping section of the leaf canopy. Prune the new shoots to control the drooping length of the new shoots to 0 to 50 cm.

[0010] S03. After the fruit enters the color-changing period, pinch off the new shoots and prune the lateral shoots to control the leaf canopy thickness to 50 to 70 cm.

[0011] Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for cultivating wine grapes to promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins, in step S01, the height of the new shoots growing upright is 120±5cm.

[0012] Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for cultivating wine grapes to promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins, in step S01, the binding wire includes several binding wires, and the distance between adjacent binding wires is 30 to 60 cm.

[0013] Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for cultivating wine grapes to promote early accumulation of anthocyanins, in step S01, the binding wire includes a first binding wire, a second binding wire, a third binding wire, and a fourth binding wire. The first binding wire is 40 to 60 cm above the ground; the second binding wire is located above the first binding wire and is 30 to 50 cm away from it; the third binding wire is located above the second binding wire and is 30 to 50 cm away from it; and the fourth binding wire is located above the third binding wire and is 30 to 50 cm away from it.

[0014] Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for cultivating wine grapes to promote early accumulation of anthocyanins, in step S02, the length of the drooping new shoot is 20 to 50 cm.

[0015] Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for cultivating wine grapes to promote early accumulation of anthocyanins, the leaf canopy thickness in step S03 is 60±5cm.

[0016] Preferably, the above-mentioned method for cultivating wine grapes to promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins further includes: pruning the lateral shoots after the fruit enters the color-changing period, and controlling the uninterrupted scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy to be maintained at 0.3 to 0.8.

[0017] Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for cultivating wine grapes to promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins, the uninterrupted scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy is maintained at 0.5.

[0018] Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for cultivating wine grapes to promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins, step S03, the pruning of lateral shoots includes: pruning upright lateral shoots growing from the bends of new shoots, and pruning excessively long lateral shoots on both sides of the leaf canopy.

[0019] Preferably, the above-mentioned cultivation method for wine grapes to promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins further includes: appropriately irrigating when it is dry during the color-changing period; strictly controlling irrigation during the mature period to ensure the accumulation of fruit sugars and promote the maturity of branches; stopping irrigation 15 to 30 days before harvesting.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0021] The cultivation method for wine grapes to promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins in the present application adopts a "factory" - shaped single - dragon vine, making the vertical growth height of the new shoot 80 to 140 cm; controlling the drooping length of the new shoot to be 0 to 50 cm by pruning the new shoot; controlling the thickness of the leaf curtain to be 50 to 70 cm and the non - intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain to be maintained at 0.3 to 0.8 by pruning the upright lateral shoots growing from the bent part of the new shoot and the overly long lateral shoots on both sides of the leaf curtain wall. This form of leaf curtain can form a suitable leaf - curtain microclimate, can appropriately shade the fruit, can maintain the stability of the temperature under the leaf curtain, strengthen the photosynthesis of the leaves, and can promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins during the ripening process of grape fruits, increasing the content of anthocyanins in the fruits. Experiments show that when the length of the new shoot is 170 cm (the vertical height of the new shoot is 120 cm and the drooping length is 50 cm), the thickness of the leaf curtain is 60 cm, and the non - intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf curtain is 0.5, the color - changing period of wine grape fruits is about 1 week earlier than that when the new shoot length is 80 cm, about 5 days earlier than that when the new shoot length is 110 cm, and about 3 days earlier than that when the new shoot length is 140 cm; when the fruits are mature, the anthocyanin content is increased by 25% to 30%, 15% to 20%, and 8% to 10% respectively compared with the fruits with new shoot lengths of 80 cm, 110 cm, and 140 cm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the grape tree shape and leaf - curtain distribution in the embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 2 It is the color conversion of grape fruits of different varieties of wine grapes with different new - shoot lengths at the same time.

[0025] Among them: dragon vine 1, new shoot 2, first binding wire 3, second binding wire 4, third binding wire 5, fourth binding wire 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0026] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The following will further describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0027] It should be understood that the same or similar reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the embodiments correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as a limitation of this patent. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] In a specific embodiment of the present application, a cultivation method for wine grapes to promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins is characterized by including the following steps:

[0029] S01. After the wine grapes are unrolled, remove the thin and weak branches, over-dense branches, diseased branches, and weak inflorescence branches and the redundant new shoots 2. Fix the main vine 1 on the "factory" - shaped support poles arranged in the north - south direction with binding wires, and make the new shoots 2 grow upright upwards to 80 to 140 cm, forming a leaf curtain rising section. As a preference, the height that the new shoots 2 grow upright upwards is 120 ± 5 cm.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the binding wire includes several binding wires, and the distance between adjacent binding wires is 30 to 60 cm. Further, the binding wire includes the first binding wire 3, the second binding wire 4, the third binding wire 5, and the fourth binding wire 6. The height of the first binding wire 3 from the ground is 40 to 60 cm; the second binding wire 4 is above the first binding wire 3 and the distance between the second binding wire 4 and the first binding wire 3 is 30 to 50 cm; the third binding wire 5 is above the second binding wire 4 and the distance between the third binding wire 5 and the second binding wire 4 is 30 to 50 cm; the fourth binding wire is above the third binding wire 5 and the distance between the fourth binding wire and the third binding wire is 30 to 50 cm.

[0031] Specifically, a "factory"-shaped single dragon vine arranged in the north-south direction is adopted. After the wine grape vines spread, weak branches, over-dense branches, diseased branches, and weak and redundant new shoots 2 with thin inflorescences are removed, and this is done continuously for 2 to 3 times, ensuring that the distance between the new shoots 2 is about 10 cm. The dragon vine 1 is fixed to the support pole with binding wire. When the new shoot 2 grows to 20 cm above the first wire of the support pole, it is inserted into the middle of the parallel double wires for the first binding wire 3, and then the second binding wire 4 and the third binding wire 5 are carried out later. The binding wire method is the same as that of the first binding wire 3. The height of the first binding wire 3 from the ground is 40 to 60 cm, and the fruiting zone of the grape is at the height of the first binding wire 3, that is, the height of the fruiting zone from the ground is 40 to 60 cm; the distance between the second binding wire 4 and the first binding wire 3 is 30 to 50 cm; the distance between the third binding wire 5 and the second binding wire 4 is 30 to 50 cm; the distance between the fourth binding wire 6 and the third binding wire 5 is 30 to 50 cm. From the first binding wire 3 upwards is the height for the new shoot 2 to grow vertically upwards. Binding the new shoot 2 can prevent the new shoot 2 from tilting, making the tree shape regular, and facilitating the subsequent growth of the leaf canopy to be more uniform so as to achieve uniform and unified shading of the fruits.

[0032] S02. After the new shoot grows upright to 80 to 140 cm, let the new shoot 2 droop naturally towards the west of the grape row to form a drooping section of the leaf canopy, and prune the new shoot 2 to control the drooping length of the new shoot 2 to be 0 to 50 cm.

[0033] Whether the macroclimate is suitable determines the areas where wine grapes are suitable for planting, including solar radiation, effective accumulated temperature, air humidity, ventilation, and rainfall, etc. The eastern foot of Helan Mountain has rich light and heat resources, less rainfall, and large evaporation during the grape color-changing period to the maturity period. This is not only conducive to improving the quality of berries, but also helps the formation and accumulation of phenolic substances and aromatic substances. The leaf canopy microclimate plays a role in filtering various conditions in the macroclimate. Light, temperature, humidity, and ventilation are the main leaf canopy microclimate factors. The light and heat microclimate affects the quality of wine grapes, and also has a certain correlation with the quality of wine. Different shaping methods have a decisive effect on adjusting the leaf canopy microclimate, and thus affect the quality of grape berries. For example, if the leaf canopy layer has a reasonable loose structure, good ventilation and light transmission, receives more sunlight, has strong photosynthetic ability, and more photosynthetic products, it is conducive to the improvement of the yield and quality of grape berries and the flower bud differentiation of new shoots; otherwise, it will affect the grape yield and quality.

[0034] Specifically, when the length of the new shoot 2 exceeds the fourth binding wire 6, it is allowed to droop naturally to the west, forming a drooping section of the grape canopy. The rising and drooping sections of the canopy together constitute the canopy, blocking direct sunlight from the high temperatures on the grape bunches. During the management of the new shoot 2, overlapping and crossing of the new shoot 2 are avoided. When the length of the new shoot 2 exceeds the required length, it is pinched off to keep the length of the new shoot 2 constant, that is, to keep the canopy length constant, thereby maintaining a relatively stable microclimate within the canopy. Therefore, preferably, the drooping length of the new shoot 2 is 20 to 50 cm.

[0035] S03. After the fruit enters the color-changing stage, pinch off the tip of the new shoot 2 and prune the lateral shoots to control the leaf canopy thickness to 50 to 70 cm. The pruning of the lateral shoots includes: pruning the upright lateral shoots growing from the bend of the new shoot 2, and pruning the excessively long lateral shoots on both sides of the leaf canopy.

[0036] As mentioned earlier, the leaf canopy microclimate affects the quality of wine grapes, and leaf canopy thickness is one of the main factors influencing this microclimate, thus affecting photosynthesis and the distribution of photosynthetic products. Leaf canopy thickness refers to the lateral dimension of the leaf canopy, that is, the distance from the front to the back of the leaf canopy. Appropriate leaf canopy thickness ensures sufficient light penetration into the canopy, promoting fruit ripening, while also maintaining ventilation within the canopy and reducing disease occurrence. Therefore, by pruning the upright lateral shoots growing at the second bend of the new shoots and excessively long lateral shoots on both sides of the leaf canopy, an optimal leaf canopy thickness of 60±5cm can be maintained. This optimal thickness helps maintain the microecology within the leaf canopy, thereby promoting the early accumulation of anthocyanins.

[0037] The light penetration through the canopy has a significant impact on the canopy microclimate. The uninterrupted scattering coefficient, representing the portion of the sky not blocked by leaves, can be broadly considered a representative value of the canopy structure and can serve as an indicator of the canopy's condition. Light is fundamental for anthocyanin synthesis in grape berries, and canopy light absorption is strongly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation. Therefore, the uninterrupted scattering coefficient of the canopy can be controlled by pruning multiple shoots; this value ranges from 0 (full leaf) to 1 (no leaves). Preferably, the uninterrupted scattering coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.8. In a more preferred embodiment, the uninterrupted scattering coefficient of the canopy is 0.5.

[0038] In another specific embodiment of this application, appropriate irrigation should be provided during drought periods in the veraison stage; irrigation should be strictly controlled during the ripening stage to ensure sugar accumulation in the fruit and promote branch maturation; irrigation should be stopped 15 to 30 days before harvest. Simultaneously, weeds and inter-row grass should be removed from the grape furrows. When grass grows to a height exceeding 30cm, it may affect the photosynthesis of the grapes and excessively absorb nutrients from the soil; therefore, mowing should be performed using common small backpack mowers or similar tools.

[0039] The technical solutions and effects of the present invention will be further described below through specific experimental examples.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified, the methods in the following embodiments are all conventional methods in the art.

[0041] 1. Experimental materials and methods:

[0042] The experimental period was from March 2021 to October 2023; the first-phase experiment was from March 2021 to October 2021; the second-phase experiment was from March 2022 to October 2022; the third-phase experiment was from March 2023 to October 2023.

[0043] The test site is located in Jinshan Experimental Area, Helan County, Yinchuan City, Ningxia, with an east longitude of 106°4′22 and a north latitude of 38°43′23, belonging to the mid-temperate arid climate zone. The experimental field adopted a block design, with 30 blocks, and the area of each block was 0.5 mu. For easy marking, each area was marked as A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3 respectively. Parallel experiments were set in each area, marked as A11, A12, A13, A14, A21, A22, A23, A24, A31, A32, A33, A34, B11, B12, B13, B21, B22, B23, B31, B32, B33, C11, C12, C13, C21, C22, C23, C31, C32, C33 respectively.

[0044] The test materials were 11-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Petit Verdot wine grapes, with a "factory" - shaped trellis, planted in the north-south direction, and the plant spacing was 0.7m×3.5m. The winter pruning was mainly short tip pruning.

[0045] At the beginning of color change, fruits were collected, once every 3 days on average, and 5 clusters of grape fruits were picked repeatedly each time, with different plants selected each time. After picking, the fruits were immediately put into the freezer and taken back to the laboratory for cutting and mixing, and stored at -80°C.

[0046] 2. Determination of anthocyanin content

[0047] 2.1 Sample treatment

[0048] The samples were vacuum freeze-dried and then ground into powder with a ball mill. Weigh 50mg of each sample, dissolve it in 500μL of extraction solution (50% methanol, 0.1% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution), vortex for 5 min, centrifuge at 12000 r / min at 4°C for 3 min, aspirate the supernatant, and repeat the operation. After filtering the supernatant, it was stored in a sample injection bottle for LC-MS / MS analysis.

[0049] 2.2 Chromatographic and mass spectrometric acquisition conditions

[0050] Anthocyanins in grapes were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS / MS). The data acquisition system mainly consisted of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS / MS). TM AD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS / MS) Composition: 6500+. Liquid chromatography conditions: Column: ACQUITYBEH C18 1.7μm, 2.1mm*100mm; Mobile phase: Phase A: ultrapure water (containing 0.1% formic acid), Phase B: methanol (containing 0.1% formic acid); Elution gradient: 0.00min: 5% Phase B, 6.00min: 50%, 12.00min: 95%, hold for 2min, 14min: 5%, 14min: 5%, hold for 2min. The elution gradient was as follows: 0.00 min B phase, 6.00 min 5%, 12.00 min 50%, 12.00 min 95%, hold for 2 min, 14 min 5%, equilibration for 2 min; flow rate 0.35 mL / min; column temperature 40 °C; injection volume 2 μL; mass spectrometry (MS) conditions: electrospray ionization (ESI) temperature 550 °C, mass spectrometry voltage 5500 V in positive ionization mode, canopy gas (CUR) 35 psi. In the Q-Trap 6500+, each ion pair was scanned based on optimized clustering potential (DP) and collision energy (CE).

[0051] 2.3 Detection of scattering coefficient without interception of leaf canopy

[0052] The scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy was detected using the American CID CI-110 plant canopy analyzer.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] Cabernet Sauvignon is planted in Zone A1 and divided into Zones A11, A12, A13, and A14 according to the length of the second shoot. Syrah is planted in Zone A2 and divided into Zones A21, A22, A23, and A24 according to the length of the second shoot. Petit Verdot is planted in Zone A3 and divided into Zones A31, A32, A33, and A34 according to the length of the second shoot.

[0055] In March 2021, using the "factory" - shaped single - dragon vine trained in the north - south direction, after spreading the vinifera grape vines, thin and weak branches, over - dense branches, diseased branches, weak - inflorescence branches and redundant new shoots 2 were removed, continuously for 2 to 3 times, ensuring that the distance between new shoots 2 was about 10 cm. The dragon vine 1 was fixed on the supporting pole with binding wire. When the new shoot 2 grew to 20 cm above the first wire of the supporting pole, it was inserted into the middle of the parallel double wires for the first binding wire 3. The height of the first binding wire 3 from the ground was 50 cm. Subsequently, the second binding wire 4, the third binding wire 5 and the fourth binding wire 6 were carried out. The binding - wire method was the same as that of the first binding wire 3. The distance between the second binding wire 4 and the first binding wire 3 was 40 cm, the distance between the third binding wire 5 and the second binding wire 4 was 40 cm, and the distance between the fourth binding wire 6 and the third binding wire 5 was 40 cm. By adjusting the number of binding wires, the upward vertical growth height of the new shoot 2 was controlled to be 80 to 120 cm. After the new shoot 2 grew vertically upward to 120 cm, the new shoot 2 was allowed to droop naturally to the west of the grape row, forming a drooping section of the leaf canopy. The new shoot 2 was pruned to control the drooping length of the new shoot 2 (see Table 1 for details).

[0056] After the fruit entered the color - turning period, the new shoot 2 was pinched, and the upright lateral shoots growing at the bending part of the new shoot 2 were pruned. The overly long lateral shoots on both sides of the leaf canopy were pruned to control the thickness of the leaf canopy to 60 cm. The intercept - free scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy was 0.5 (the target intercept - free scattering coefficient was 0.5. After pruning the grape leaf canopy by experienced technicians, the measured intercept - free scattering coefficient was 0.54). When it was dry during the color - turning period, appropriate irrigation was carried out. During the mature period, irrigation was strictly controlled to ensure fruit sugar accumulation and promote the maturity of branches at the same time. Irrigation was stopped 15 to 30 days before picking. Other cultivation and management measures were the same.

[0057] The color - turning period of the grapes in the above - mentioned blocks was counted, and ultra - high - performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the anthocyanins in the grape fruits, and the content of anthocyanins was characterized by the content of anthocyanins. The results are shown in the following table:

[0058] Table 1 Experimental data of grapes in each area of Example 1

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] As shown in the table above, when the fruiting zone is located at the first binding wire 3 (50cm from the ground), the leaf canopy thickness and the uninterrupted scattering coefficient are consistent, and the lengths of the new shoots 2 are 80cm, 110cm, 140cm, and 170cm respectively, the veraison period and anthocyanin content of the three different wine grape varieties vary with the length of the new shoot 2. In Block A1 (Cabernet Sauvignon), when the new shoot 2 length is 170cm, the veraison period is 8 days earlier than when the new shoot 2 length is 80cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 30%; the veraison period is 5 days earlier than when the new shoot 2 length is 110cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 20%; the veraison period is 3 days earlier than when the new shoot 2 length is 140cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 10%. In Block A2 (Sylla), when the length of new shoot 2 was 170cm, the color-changing period was 6 days earlier than when the new shoot 2 was 80cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increased by 25%; the color-changing period was 5 days earlier than when the new shoot 2 was 110cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increased by 15%; the color-changing period was 2 days earlier than when the new shoot 2 was 140cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increased by 8%. In Block A3 (Xiaoweierduo), when the length of new shoot 2 was 170cm, the color-changing period was 7 days earlier than when the new shoot 2 was 80cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increased by 27%; it was 6 days earlier than when the new shoot 2 was 110cm, and the anthocyanin content increased by 18%; it was 3 days earlier than when the new shoot 2 was 140cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increased by 9%.

[0062] Therefore, it can be seen that by changing the vertical growth and drooping length of shoot 2, while keeping other cultivation and management conditions the same, different shoot 2 lengths have an impact on the veraison period and anthocyanin content of different wine grape varieties. When the length of shoot 2 is 170cm, its color-changing period is 6 to 8 days earlier than when the shoot 2 is 80cm, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 25% to 30%; when the length of shoot 2 is 110cm, the color-changing period is 4 to 5 days earlier, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 15% to 20%; when the length of shoot 2 is 140cm, the color-changing period is 2 to 3 days earlier, and the anthocyanin content in the fruit increases by 8% to 10%. At the same time, when the length of shoot 2 is 170cm and 140cm, its vertical growth length is the same, 120cm. The difference is that when the length of shoot 2 is 170cm, its drooping length is 50cm, and when the length of shoot 2 is 140cm, its drooping length is 20cm. It can be seen that the drooping length of shoot 2 plays a very important role in advancing the color-changing period of wine grapes and the accumulation of anthocyanins.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] Cabernet Sauvignon is planted in Area B1, which is divided into sub-blocks B11, B12, and B13 according to the leaf canopy thickness; Syrah is planted in Area B2, which is divided into sub-blocks B21, B22, and B23 according to the leaf canopy thickness; Petit Verdot is planted in Area B3, which is divided into sub-blocks B31, B32, and B33 according to the leaf canopy thickness.

[0065] In March 2022, a single dragon vine in the shape of a "factory" set in the north-south direction was used. After spreading the vinifera vines, weak branches, overcrowded branches, diseased branches, weak inflorescence branches, and excess new shoots 2 were removed, and this was done continuously 2 to 3 times. Ensure that the distance between new shoots 2 is about 10 cm. The dragon vine 1 was fixed on the support pole with binding wire. When the new shoot 2 grows to 20 cm above the first wire of the support pole, it was inserted into the middle of the parallel double wires for the first binding wire 3. The height of the first binding wire 3 from the ground is 50 cm. Subsequently, the second binding wire 4, the third binding wire 5, and the fourth binding wire 6 were carried out. The binding wire method is the same as that of the first binding wire 3. The distance between the second binding wire 4 and the first binding wire 3 is 40 cm. The distance between the third binding wire 5 and the second binding wire 4 is 40 cm. The distance between the fourth binding wire 6 and the third binding wire 5 is 40 cm. The upward upright growth height of the new shoot 2 was controlled by adjusting the number of binding wires; after the new shoot 2 grows upright upward to 120 cm, the new shoot 2 was allowed to droop naturally to the west of the grape row, forming a drooping section of the leaf canopy. The new shoot 2 was pruned to control the drooping length of the new shoot 2 to 50 cm;

[0066] After the fruit enters the color-changing period, the new shoot 2 was pinched, the upright secondary shoots growing at the bending part of the new shoot 2 were pruned, and the overly long secondary shoots on both sides of the leaf canopy were pruned to control the leaf canopy thickness to 50 to 70 cm; the non-intercept scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy is 0.5 (the target non-intercept scattering coefficient is 0.5. Through experienced technicians pruning the grape leaf canopy, the measured non-intercept scattering coefficient after pruning is 0.48); when it is dry during the color-changing period, appropriate irrigation should be carried out; during the mature period, irrigation is strictly controlled to ensure the accumulation of fruit sugar and promote the maturity of the branches at the same time; irrigation is stopped 15 to 30 days before picking; other cultivation management measures are the same.

[0067] The color-changing periods of the grapes in the above-mentioned sub-blocks were counted, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the anthocyanins in the grape fruits, and the content of anthocyanins was characterized by the content of anthocyanins. The results are shown in the following table:

[0068] Table 2 Experimental data of grapes in each area of Example 2

[0069]

[0070] As can be seen from the above table, when the heights of the four wire ties are the same and the drooping lengths of the new shoots 2 are the same, that is, the lengths of the new shoots 2 are the same, and the fruiting zones are all located at the first wire tie 3, which is 50 cm above the ground, different leaf canopy thicknesses also have an impact on the grape color change period and anthocyanin content. When the leaf canopy thickness is 60 cm, the color change periods of the grapes of the three varieties are all earlier than those when the leaf canopy thickness is 50 cm and 70 cm, and can be advanced by 1 to 3 days; when the leaf canopy thickness is 60 cm, the anthocyanin content in the fruits is 4% to 8% higher than that when the leaf canopy thickness is 50 cm and 70 cm.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] Plant Cabernet Sauvignon in Area C1, and divide it into plot groups C11, C12, and C13 according to the scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy without interception; plant Syrah in Area C2, and divide it into plot groups C21, C22, and C23 according to the scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy without interception; plant Petit Verdot in Area B3, and divide it into plot groups C31, C32, and C33 according to the scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy without interception.

[0073] In March 2023, use the "factory" - shaped single - dragon vine set in the north - south direction. After spreading the vine of the wine - making grape, remove the thin, weak, over - dense, diseased branches, and weak inflorescence branches and excess new shoots 2, for 2 to 3 times continuously, ensuring that the distance between the new shoots 2 is about 10 cm. Fix the dragon vine 1 on the support pole with wire ties. When the new shoot 2 grows to 20 cm above the first wire of the support pole, tuck it into the middle of the parallel double wires for the first wire tie 3. The height of the first wire tie 3 from the ground is 50 cm. Subsequently, perform the second wire tie 4, the third wire tie 5, and the fourth wire tie 6. The wire - tying method is the same as that of the first wire tie 3. The distance between the second wire tie 4 and the first wire tie 3 is 40 cm, the distance between the third wire tie 5 and the second wire tie 4 is 40 cm, and the distance between the fourth wire tie 6 and the third wire tie 5 is 40 cm. Control the upward vertical growth height of the new shoot 2 by adjusting the number of wire ties; after the new shoot 2 grows upright to 120 cm, let the new shoot 2 droop naturally to the west side of the grape row to form the drooping section of the leaf canopy, and prune the new shoot 2 to control the drooping length of the new shoot 2 to 50 cm.

[0074] After the fruits enter the color change period, pinch the new shoots 2, prune the upright secondary shoots growing at the bending points of the new shoots 2, and prune the overly long secondary shoots on both sides of the leaf canopy to control the leaf canopy thickness to 60 cm; the scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy without interception is 0.3 to 0.8 (through pruning the grape leaf canopy by experienced technicians, the target value and measured value of the scattering coefficient without interception are shown in Table 3); when it is dry during the color change period, irrigate appropriately; strictly control irrigation during the mature period to ensure fruit sugar accumulation and promote shoot maturity at the same time; stop irrigation 15 to 30 days before picking; other cultivation management measures are the same.

[0075] The color-changing period of grapes in the above blocks was statistically analyzed, and the anthocyanins in the grapes were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The anthocyanin content was used to characterize the anthocyanins. The results are shown in the table below:

[0076] Table 3. Grape trial data from different regions in Example 3.

[0077]

[0078] As shown in the table above, when other conditions remain constant, changing the uninterrupted scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy also affects the veraison period and anthocyanin content of grapes. When the uninterrupted scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy is 0.5, the veraison period of all three grape varieties is 2 to 3 days earlier than when the uninterrupted scattering coefficient is 0.3, and 1 to 2 days earlier than when the uninterrupted scattering coefficient is 0.8. When the uninterrupted scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy is 0.5, the anthocyanin content in the grape berries of all three varieties is 7% to 9% higher than when the uninterrupted scattering coefficient is 0.3, and 4% to 6% higher than when the uninterrupted scattering coefficient is 0.8.

[0079] In summary, the wine grape cultivation method of this application, by controlling the length of the new shoot 2 to 140 to 170 cm and the drooping length to 20 to 50 cm, and controlling the thickness of the leaf canopy to 50 cm to 70 cm, with the uninterrupted scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy to 0.3 to 0.8, can promote the early accumulation of anthocyanins during the ripening process of grapes. Experiments show that when the length of new shoot 2 is 170cm (vertical height of new shoot 2 is 120cm, and drooping length of new shoot 2 is 50cm), the leaf canopy thickness is 60cm, and the uninterrupted scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy is 0.5, the color-changing period of wine grapes is about one week earlier than when the length of new shoot 2 is 80cm, about 5 days earlier than when the length of new shoot 2 is 110cm, and about 3 days earlier than when the length of new shoot 2 is 140cm. Furthermore, when the vertical growth length is 120cm, the color-changing period of wine grapes is about 3 days earlier when the drooping length of new shoot 2 is 50cm compared to when the drooping length of new shoot 2 is 20cm. At the time of fruit ripening and harvesting, the anthocyanin content in the fruit with a new shoot 2 length of 170cm is 25% to 30%, 15% to 20%, and 8% to 10% higher than that of the fruit with new shoot lengths of 80cm, 110cm, and 140cm, respectively.

[0080] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and such modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for promoting early color change in wine grapes, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S01. After spreading the vines of wine grapes, remove the thin, over-dense, diseased branches, weak inflorescence branches and redundant new shoots. Fix the main vines on the "factory"-shaped trellis poles arranged in the north-south direction with binding wires, and let the new shoots grow upright upwards to 120 cm to form the ascending segment of the leaf canopy. S02. After the new shoots grow upright upwards to 120 cm, let the new shoots droop naturally towards the west side of the grape row to form the drooping segment of the leaf canopy, and prune the new shoots to control the drooping length of the new shoots to 50 cm. S03. After the fruits enter the color-changing period, pinch the new shoots and prune the lateral shoots to control the thickness of the leaf canopy to 60 cm, and control the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy to remain between 0.5 and 0.

8.

2. The cultivation method for promoting early color change in wine grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The binding wire includes several binding wires, and the distance between adjacent binding wires is 30 to 60 cm.

3. The cultivation method for promoting early color change in wine grapes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The binding wire includes the first binding wire, the second binding wire, the third binding wire and the fourth binding wire. The height of the first binding wire from the ground is 50 cm; the second binding wire is above the first binding wire and the distance between them is 40 cm; the third binding wire is above the second binding wire and the distance between them is 40 cm; the fourth binding wire is above the third binding wire and the distance between them is 40 cm.

4. The cultivation method for promoting early color change in wine grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Control the non-intercepted scattering coefficient of the leaf canopy to remain at 0.

5.

5. The cultivation method for promoting early color change in wine grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S03, the pruning of the lateral shoots includes: pruning the upright lateral shoots growing at the bending part of the new shoots and pruning the overly long lateral shoots on both sides of the leaf canopy wall.

6. The cultivation method for promoting early color change in wine grapes according to claim 1 further includes: When it is dry during the color-changing period, irrigate moderately. Strictly control irrigation during the mature period to ensure the accumulation of fruit sugar and promote the maturity of branches at the same time; stop irrigation 15 to 30 days before picking.

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