Organic fertilizer for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt and use method of organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural biology, and discloses an organic fertilizer for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt, which is characterized in that the formula of the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of lactobacillus rhamnosus, 3-8 parts of bacillus sphaericus, 2-6 parts of penicillium photosporum, 4-10 parts of rhodopseudomonas sphaericus, 20-30 parts of sugar residue, 15-25 parts of straw and 10-20 parts of bean cake residue. The culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of an antagonistic bacterium complex, 5-10 parts of rapeseed meal, 50-80 parts of a strain propagation base material for watermelons and a proper amount of water. According to the invention, a plurality of microbial strains and organic substances are combined, and an antagonistic bacterium complex is introduced; compared with a traditional crop rotation and soil disinfection method, the formula has the advantages that the prevention and treatment period is shortened, and the utilization efficiency of land and the productivity of watermelons are improved; in addition, the cost is more economical, and a large amount of early-stage investment and complex operation required by soil disinfection are avoided; the requirements of modern agricultural development are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural biotechnology, and specifically relates to an organic fertilizer for preventing and controlling watermelon wilt disease and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Watermelon wilt, also known as vine cutting disease, wilt disease, and wilt disease, is a worldwide devastating soil-borne fungal disease that occurs in watermelon plantings throughout my country. The watermelon wilt pathogen is a fungus in the genus Fusarium of the order Ascomycota. The disease can occur throughout the growth period of watermelon, with the most serious disease occurring from vine growth to fruiting. The disease occurs in the seedling stage, with the base of the young stem turning brown and constricting, and the cotyledons and young leaves wilt and droop, and suddenly fall over. The disease occurs in adult plants, with diseased plants growing slowly, and the lower leaves turning yellow and gradually developing upward. In the early stages of the disease, the plant wilts during the day and recovers in the morning and evening. After a few days, the whole plant wilts and dies.

[0003] Watermelon wilt pathogens mainly invade through root wounds or intercellular spaces at the top of root hairs, first grow between and within the host wall cells, then enter the vascular bundles and develop in the vessels. The pathogen secretes pectinase and cellulase to decompose and destroy cells, which will cause pectin substances to accumulate in the vessels, block the vessels, affect water transport, and cause the plants to wilt. Watermelon wilt can occur from the seedling stage to the fruiting stage, but it is more serious in the early stage of fruiting. In the seedling stage, the top of the seedlings will be dehydrated, the cotyledons and leaves will wilt, and the stems and vines will shrink, turn brown, and fall off suddenly; in adult plants, the lower leaves will begin to wilt before and after the plants bloom and fruit, and gradually develop upwards. The base of the main vine softens and constricts, initially appearing water-soaked, and then drying and cracking longitudinally. The diseased part is often accompanied by the overflow of resinous colloid, which appears red and black after drying, and the vascular bundles are brown. When the environmental humidity is high, the diseased part often produces a pink mold layer. In the early stage of acute disease, the plant wilts during the day and recovers in the morning and evening. After 3-5 days, the whole plant dies. The disease is most likely to occur before and after flowering and fruit setting.

[0004] At present, the prevention and control measures for watermelon wilt are: crop rotation, soil disinfection and the like; wherein crop rotation is to rotate with non-melon crops for 3-5 years, although it can solve the problem of watermelon wilt, the periodicity is too long and the overall efficiency of watermelon production capacity is low; soil disinfection refers to high-temperature sterilization and disinfection in the planting field one month in advance, although this measure can solve the problem of watermelon wilt, it requires huge investment cost and is not conducive to watermelon planting; therefore, the present invention improves organic fertilizer so that it can use organic fertilizer to prevent and control watermelon wilt during fertilization. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an organic fertilizer for preventing and controlling watermelon wilt disease and a use method thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical scheme: an organic fertilizer for preventing and controlling watermelon wilt disease, the formula ingredients and weight proportions of the organic fertilizer are: Lactobacillus rhamnosus: 5-10 parts, Bacillus sphaericus: 3-8 parts, Penicillium luminosporum: 2-6 parts, Rhodopseudomonas sphaericus: 4-10 parts, sugar residue: 20-30 parts, straw: 15-25 parts, bean cake residue: 10-20 parts, antagonistic bacteria complex (including but not limited to Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, etc.): 5-15 parts, rapeseed meal: 5-10 parts, 50-80 parts of watermelon fungus species expansion base material, and an appropriate amount of water.

[0007] Preferably, the watermelon fungus propagation base material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of wheat bran, 10-20 parts of corn flour, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, and 7-15 parts of rice husk powder.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the watermelon fungus propagation base material is: fully and evenly mix wheat bran, corn flour, soybean meal and rice husk flour in proportion, heat at a pressure of 10-15Kpa and 40-60°C for 1-1.5h, and reduce the temperature to 30-35°C under normal pressure to obtain the base material.

[0009] Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: Lactobacillus rhamnosus: 5 parts, Bacillus sphaericus: 3 parts, Penicillium luminosporum: 2 parts, Rhodopseudomonas sphaericus: 4 parts, sugar residue: 20 parts, straw: 15 parts, bean cake residue: 10 parts, antagonistic bacteria complex: 5 parts, rapeseed meal: 5 parts, 50 parts of watermelon strain propagation base material, and an appropriate amount of water.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0011] Step 1, pretreatment: crush the sugar residue, straw, bean cake residue, rapeseed meal organic materials to a particle size of less than 2 cm, mix them evenly, and ensure that the distribution of various components is uniform;

[0012] Step 2, adjust humidity: add appropriate amount of water to the mixture to adjust the moisture content to 50%-60%; test by hand holding method, that is, when the mixture is tightly held by hand, water droplets are squeezed out but not clumps, which is suitable for creating an environment conducive to the growth of microorganisms;

[0013] Step 3, inoculating bacteria: mixing Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bacillus sphaericus, Penicillium luminosporum, Rhodopseudomonas sphaericus and the antagonistic bacteria complex according to the above proportions, and evenly inoculating them into the organic material;

[0014] Step 4, sealed fermentation: put the inoculated mixture into a fermentation tank or pile it into a pile, and seal it tightly with plastic film to prevent the invasion of foreign bacteria and water evaporation; control the fermentation temperature between 25-35℃ by covering with insulation materials or adjusting the ventilation volume;

[0015] Step 5, fermentation is complete: After 20-30 days of fermentation, when the mixture is dark brown, odorless and feels loose, the fermentation is complete; at this time, it can be dried or dried to adjust the moisture content to a level suitable for storage.

[0016] Preferably, in the step three, the inoculated bacteria are inoculated into the organic material by spraying or broadcasting.

[0017] Preferably, the sealed fermentation in step 4 further comprises: turning the pile regularly every 5-7 days during the fermentation period to ensure uniform fermentation and release heat and gas generated by the fermentation.

[0018] Preferably, the method for using the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0019] The first step is to apply base fertilizer: 15-30 days before watermelon planting; spread the fermented organic fertilizer evenly on the field, with an amount of 200-300 kg per mu; use a rotary tiller or manual deep plowing to fully mix the organic fertilizer with the soil, with a plowing depth of about 20-30 cm;

[0020] The second step is to apply topdressing: it is flexibly determined according to the growth of watermelon, and is generally applied during the vine extension period, flowering period and fruit expansion period of watermelon;

[0021] The third step is to observe the situation: pay attention to the growth of the watermelon during use, and adjust the amount and frequency of fertilizer application in time to meet its growth needs.

[0022] Preferably, the application method of the second step of topdressing is divided into two types: furrow application and hole application;

[0023] Furrow application method: dig furrows between the rows of watermelon plants with a depth of about 10-15 cm, apply organic fertilizer evenly into the furrows and cover with soil;

[0024] Hole application method: Dig holes around the watermelon plants, about 10 cm deep, apply organic fertilizer into the holes and cover with soil.

[0025] Preferably, when applying topdressing in the second step, care should be taken to keep the plant at a distance of about 10 cm from the base of the stem to avoid root burn; and water should be applied in time according to soil moisture to promote fertilizer dissolution and root absorption.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The present invention combines Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bacillus sphaericus, Penicillium luminosporum and Rhodopseudomonas sphaericus with organic substances such as sugar residue, straw, bean cake residue, rapeseed meal, and introduces an antagonistic bacteria complex to naturally prevent and control watermelon wilt during fertilization through synergistic action. Compared with traditional crop rotation and soil disinfection methods, this formula not only shortens the prevention and control cycle, does not require a crop rotation time of up to 3-5 years, improves land utilization efficiency and watermelon production capacity; and is more economical, avoiding the large amount of initial investment and complex operations required for soil disinfection. In addition, the use of beneficial microorganisms in organic fertilizers can improve the soil microecological environment, promote soil health, enhance the disease resistance of watermelon plants, and achieve green and sustainable disease prevention and control, which meets the needs of modern agricultural development.

[0028] 2. Eco-friendliness and biodiversity: The various microbial strains used in the formula can form complex microbial communities in the soil. These microorganisms not only directly inhibit the growth of pathogens, but also indirectly protect watermelon plants by competing for nutrients and space, producing antibacterial substances, etc. At the same time, they participate in the decomposition and mineralization of soil organic matter, promote the natural cycle of soil fertility, and help maintain the balance of the soil ecosystem and biodiversity.

[0029] 3. Improve soil quality: The organic substances in the formula (such as sugar residue, straw, bean cake residue, etc.) are rich in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients and organic matter. These substances are gradually decomposed into small molecules that can be absorbed by plants under the action of microorganisms, providing comprehensive and lasting nutrient supply for watermelon plants. At the same time, they can also improve soil structure, increase soil porosity and water and fertilizer retention capacity, make the soil more loose and breathable, and facilitate root growth and nutrient absorption.

[0030] 4. Promote plant health: The microorganisms in the antagonistic bacteria complex can colonize on the surface or inside of the watermelon root system, forming a biological protective film to reduce the chance of invasion by pathogens. At the same time, these microorganisms can also secrete plant hormones such as auxin and gibberellin to promote the growth and development of watermelon plants, improve stress resistance and yield quality. In addition, they can also participate in the exchange of substances and information between plants and soil, promoting the harmonious coexistence of plants and the environment.

[0031] 5. Reduce the use of chemical pesticides: Traditional watermelon wilt control methods often rely on the use of chemical pesticides, which not only increases agricultural production costs, but also poses a potential threat to the environment and human health. This organic fertilizer formula uses biological control methods to reduce dependence on chemical pesticides and reduce the risk of pesticide residues, which is in line with the development trend of green agriculture and organic agriculture.

[0032] 6. Strong adaptability and easy promotion: The raw materials required for this organic fertilizer formula are widely available, inexpensive and easy to obtain, and suitable for promotion and application in different regions and climatic conditions. At the same time, its production process is relatively simple, easy to master and operate, and suitable for farmers to make and use by themselves. Therefore, this formula has high practicality and promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the preparation steps of organic fertilizer of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the use steps of organic fertilizer of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] As shown in the figure, the embodiment of the present invention provides a further description of an organic fertilizer for preventing and treating watermelon wilt and a method of using the organic fertilizer:

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] An organic fertilizer for preventing and controlling watermelon wilt disease is characterized in that the formula ingredients and weight proportions of the organic fertilizer are: 5 parts of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, 3 parts of Bacillus sphaericus, 2 parts of Penicillium luminosporum, 4 parts of Rhodopseudomonas sphaericus, 20 parts of sugar residue, 15 parts of straw, 10 parts of bean cake residue, 5 parts of antagonistic bacteria complex, 5 parts of rapeseed meal, 50 parts of watermelon strain propagation base material, and an appropriate amount of water.

[0039] The watermelon fungus propagation base material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of soybean meal, and 7 parts of rice husk powder;

[0040] The steps of preparing organic fertilizer are as follows:

[0041] Step 1, pretreatment: crush the sugar residue, straw, bean cake residue, rapeseed meal organic materials to a particle size of less than 2 cm, mix them evenly, and ensure that the distribution of various components is uniform;

[0042] Step 2, adjusting humidity: adding appropriate amount of water to the mixture to adjust the moisture content to 50%;

[0043] Step 3, inoculating bacteria: mixing Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bacillus sphaericus, Penicillium luminosporum, Rhodopseudomonas sphaericus and the antagonistic bacteria complex according to the above proportions, and evenly inoculating them into the organic material;

[0044] Step 4, sealed fermentation: put the inoculated mixture into the fermentation tank and seal it tightly with plastic film; control the fermentation temperature at 25°C;

[0045] Step 5, fermentation is completed: After 20 days of fermentation, fermentation is completed.

[0046] Embodiment 2

[0047] An organic fertilizer for preventing and controlling watermelon wilt disease is characterized in that the formula ingredients and weight proportions of the organic fertilizer are: 10 parts of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, 8 parts of Bacillus sphaericus, 6 parts of Penicillium luminosporum, 10 parts of Rhodopseudomonas sphaericus, 30 parts of sugar residues, 25 parts of straws, 20 parts of bean cake residues, 15 parts of antagonistic bacteria complex, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 80 parts of watermelon strain propagation base material, and an appropriate amount of water.

[0048] The watermelon fungus propagation base material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of soybean meal, and 7 parts of rice husk powder;

[0049] The steps of preparing organic fertilizer are as follows:

[0050] Step 1, pretreatment: crush the sugar residue, straw, bean cake residue, rapeseed meal organic materials to a particle size of less than 2 cm, mix them evenly, and ensure that the distribution of various components is uniform;

[0051] Step 2, adjusting humidity: adding appropriate amount of water to the mixture to adjust the moisture content to 60%;

[0052] Step 3, inoculating bacteria: mixing Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bacillus sphaericus, Penicillium luminosporum, Rhodopseudomonas sphaericus and the antagonistic bacteria complex according to the above proportions, and evenly inoculating them into the organic material;

[0053] Step 4, sealed fermentation: put the inoculated mixture into the fermentation tank and seal it tightly with plastic film; control the fermentation temperature at 35°C;

[0054] Step 5, fermentation is completed: After 30 days of fermentation, fermentation is completed.

[0055] Embodiment 3

[0056] Time for applying base fertilizer: 20 days before watermelon planting;

[0057] Application method: Spread 300 kg of finished organic fertilizer evenly on the ground in the selected watermelon planting area.

[0058] Use a rotary tiller to till the soil 25 cm deep and mix the organic fertilizer thoroughly with the soil.

[0059] Prepare the land, make ridges and get ready for planting.

[0060] Embodiment 4

[0061] Topdressing application time: watermelon vine extension period and fruit expansion period;

[0062] Application method:

[0063] During the vine extension period: dig trenches between the rows of watermelon plants with a depth of about 12 cm; apply 50 kg of finished organic fertilizer evenly into the trenches and then cover with soil; ensure that the fertilizer trenches are kept at a certain distance from the base of the plant stems to avoid burning the roots.

[0064] Fruit expansion period: The furrow application method is also used, but the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately increased to 75 kg per mu; water in time according to soil moisture to promote fertilizer dissolution and root absorption.

[0065] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0066] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer for preventing and treating watermelon wilt, characterized in that: The formula ingredients and weight proportions of the organic fertilizer are: 5-10 parts of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, 3-8 parts of Bacillus sphaericus, 2-6 parts of Penicillium luminosporum, 4-10 parts of Rhodopseudomonas sphaericus, 20-30 parts of sugar residue, 15-25 parts of straw, 10-20 parts of bean cake residue, 5-15 parts of antagonistic bacteria complex, 5-10 parts of rapeseed meal, 50-80 parts of watermelon fungus propagation base material, and an appropriate amount of water.

2. The organic fertilizer for preventing and treating watermelon wilt according to claim 1, wherein: The watermelon fungus propagation base material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of wheat bran, 10-20 parts of corn flour, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, and 7-15 parts of rice husk powder.

3. The organic fertilizer for preventing and treating watermelon wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the watermelon fungus propagation base material is as follows: wheat bran, corn flour, soybean meal and rice husk flour are fully and evenly mixed according to a proportion, heated at a pressure of 10-15Kpa and 40-60°C for 1-1.5h, and then the temperature is reduced to 30-35°C under normal pressure to obtain the base material.

4. The organic fertilizer for preventing and treating watermelon wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, 3 parts of Bacillus sphaericus, 2 parts of Penicillium luminosporum, 4 parts of Rhodopseudomonas sphaericus, 20 parts of sugar residue, 15 parts of straw, 10 parts of bean cake residue, 5 parts of antagonistic bacteria complex, 5 parts of rapeseed meal, 50 parts of watermelon fungus propagation base material, and an appropriate amount of water.

5. The organic fertilizer for preventing and treating watermelon wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: Step 1, pretreatment: crush the sugar residue, straw, bean cake residue, rapeseed meal organic materials to a particle size of less than 2 cm, mix them evenly, and ensure that the distribution of various components is uniform; Step 2, adjust humidity: add appropriate amount of water to the mixture to adjust the moisture content to 50%-60%; test by hand holding method, that is, when the mixture is tightly held by hand, water droplets are squeezed out but not clumps, which is suitable for creating an environment conducive to the growth of microorganisms; Step 3, inoculating bacteria: mixing Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bacillus sphaericus, Penicillium luminosporum, Rhodopseudomonas sphaericus and the antagonistic bacteria complex according to the above proportions, and evenly inoculating them into the organic material; Step 4, sealed fermentation: put the inoculated mixture into a fermentation tank or pile it into a pile, and seal it tightly with plastic film to prevent the invasion of foreign bacteria and water evaporation; control the fermentation temperature between 25-35℃ by covering with insulation materials or adjusting the ventilation volume; Step 5, fermentation is complete: After 20-30 days of fermentation, when the mixture is dark brown, odorless and feels loose, the fermentation is complete; at this time, it can be dried or dried to adjust the moisture content to a level suitable for storage.

6. The organic fertilizer for preventing and treating watermelon wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step three, the inoculated bacteria are inoculated into the organic material by spraying or broadcasting.

7. The organic fertilizer for preventing and treating watermelon wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealed fermentation in step 4 also includes: turning the pile regularly every 5-7 days during the fermentation period to ensure uniform fermentation and release the heat and gas generated by the fermentation.

8. A method for using organic fertilizer for preventing and treating watermelon wilt, characterized in that: The steps for using this organic fertilizer are as follows: The first step is to apply base fertilizer: 15-30 days before watermelon planting; spread the fermented organic fertilizer evenly on the field, with an amount of 200-300 kg per mu; use a rotary tiller or manual deep plowing to fully mix the organic fertilizer with the soil, with a plowing depth of about 20-30 cm; The second step is to apply topdressing: it is flexibly determined according to the growth of watermelon, and is generally applied during the vine extension period, flowering period and fruit expansion period of watermelon; The third step is to observe the situation: pay attention to the growth of the watermelon during use, and adjust the amount and frequency of fertilizer application in time to meet its growth needs.

9. The organic fertilizer for preventing and treating watermelon wilt disease and the use method thereof according to claim 8, characterized in that: The application method of the second step of topdressing is specifically divided into two types: furrow application and hole application; Furrow application method: dig furrows between the rows of watermelon plants with a depth of about 10-15 cm, apply organic fertilizer evenly into the furrows and cover with soil; Hole application method: Dig holes around the watermelon plants, about 10 cm deep, apply organic fertilizer into the holes and cover with soil.

10. The organic fertilizer for preventing and treating watermelon wilt disease and the use method thereof according to claim 8, characterized in that: When applying topdressing in the second step, be sure to keep a distance of about 10 cm from the base of the plant stem to avoid root burn; and water in time according to soil moisture to promote fertilizer dissolution and root absorption.

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