A solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure, and relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic collectors. The present invention integrates two solar energy utilization methods, photovoltaic power generation and solar heat collection, to form an integrated structure. The two solar energy utilization methods are independently performed, specifically taking solar heat collection as the leading factor and water medium as the main body, combined with the thermal stratification phenomenon of water bodies, when the overall structure is put into operation, the heat energy generated in photovoltaic power generation is further utilized to act on the preheating process of water medium, which can be understood as: on the basis of temperature reduction protection, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is avoided from being affected in a high-temperature environment, and the solar energy utilization rate can also be improved. Based on the above technical content, the flow mode of the water medium is further changed. On the one hand, it is used to break the "balance" in the thermal stratification phenomenon of water bodies, and on the other hand, it is mainly to drive the flow mode of the water medium in the heat exchange bin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic collectors, and in particular to a solar photovoltaic collector with a light-concentrating and heat-exchanging structure. Background Art

[0002] The essence of solar photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal collection both require sunlight exposure, but the difference between the two is that the former uses light energy to generate electricity while the latter only uses thermal energy. The common utilization method is mainly a single mode of photovoltaic panels and vacuum heat pipes, and the single utilization mode cannot improve the utilization rate of solar energy.

[0003] It should be noted that the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels is related to temperature. When the temperature of photovoltaic panels exceeds the preset value, its power generation efficiency shows a clear downward trend. However, thermal energy is a key parameter in the solar thermal collection utilization method, so the heat energy generated in the photovoltaic power generation process is wasted. Therefore, how to integrate solar photovoltaic power generation with solar thermal collection is one of the ways to improve the utilization rate of solar energy, specifically maintaining a balance among solar thermal radiation, solar power generation and the heat source in the process. This application proposes a solution to this problem. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure. With regard to the current solar energy utilization process, conventional photovoltaic power generation methods and solar thermal collection methods are relatively simple, and only one of thermal radiation and photovoltaic power generation is utilized. For photovoltaic power generation, the thermal energy generated is a key parameter in solar thermal collection, and the thermal energy generated is also a key parameter affecting the power generation capacity.

[0005] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme: a solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure, comprising a water collecting cylinder, a photovoltaic panel group, a vacuum heat conducting pipe and an external controller, wherein the vacuum heat conducting pipe is installed on the water collecting cylinder, and the vacuum heat conducting pipe is installed on both sides of the photovoltaic panel group, and a water exchange tank is arranged directly below the water collecting cylinder;

[0006] The photovoltaic panel group includes a photovoltaic panel body, an external frame and a lower cover plate, and a heat exchange chamber is opened at the middle position between the photovoltaic panel body and the lower cover plate. The upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange chamber are respectively installed with an upper through pipe and a lower through pipe, and the upper through pipe and the lower through pipe are respectively connected to the water collecting cylinder and the water exchange tank. The water collecting cylinder and the water exchange tank are provided with water medium inside, and a temperature sensor is installed outside the water collecting cylinder.

[0007] It is further configured as follows: a steam outlet and a water drain outlet are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the water collecting cylinder, and a water replenishment port is installed on the water exchange tank.

[0008] It is further configured as follows: a light-transmitting cover plate is installed on the outer curved surface of the upper side of the water collecting cylinder, and a convex mirror is installed in a linear equidistant manner on the upper edge of the light-transmitting cover plate.

[0009] It is further configured as follows: a glue seal is installed on one side of the interior of the heat exchange chamber, and the photovoltaic panel body is connected to the external controller through the glue seal.

[0010] It is further configured that: the down pipe is inclined downward in a horizontal direction and in a direction pointing to the water exchange tank.

[0011] It is further configured as follows: a vertically arranged directional conduit is installed between the water collecting cylinder and the water exchange tank, and the water collecting cylinder is connected to the water exchange tank through the directional conduit, the directional conduit is linearly and equidistantly arranged along the length direction of the water exchange tank, and a coordination channel is opened inside the directional conduit, and a vertically arranged connecting guide rod is arranged inside the coordination channel.

[0012] It is further configured as follows: the inner diameter of the cooperative channel is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting guide rod, and the inner diameter of the middle section of the cooperative channel is smaller than the inner diameter of the upper and lower ends of the cooperative channel, an upper float is installed at the upper end of the connecting guide rod, and a lower float is slidably installed at the lower end of the connecting guide rod, the upper float is located inside the water collecting barrel, and the diameter of the upper float is larger than the diameter of the lower float, and the lower float is located at the lower side of the cooperative channel.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. The present invention integrates photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal collection to form an integrated structure, in which the photovoltaic power generation process and the solar thermal collection process are carried out independently and do not actively interfere with each other. The only difference is that the overall process is dominated by solar thermal collection and mainly based on water medium. The heat energy generated in photovoltaic power generation further "promotes" the solar thermal collection process, which can avoid the high heat environment from affecting the photovoltaic power generation efficiency and further utilize the heat energy to improve the thermal collection efficiency;

[0015] 2. Based on the above content, there is thermal stratification of water in the overall structure. For this purpose, upper through pipes, lower through pipes and directional ducts are added. The essence of this is to connect the interior of the heat exchange bin corresponding to the photovoltaic panel body with the water collecting cylinder and water exchange tank, and to "break" the "balance" in the thermal stratification of water by actively restricting the flow of the aqueous medium. The purpose is to accelerate the flow of the aqueous medium at the corresponding heat exchange bin and speed up the heat conduction at the photovoltaic panel body to maintain the temperature environment during the operation of the photovoltaic panel body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure proposed by the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 A solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure proposed by the present invention Figure 1 Side view of

[0019] Figure 3 This is a disassembled diagram of a photovoltaic panel group in a solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure proposed by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 A side view of a photovoltaic panel group in a solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure proposed by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a water collecting cylinder in a solar photovoltaic collector with a light-concentrating and heat-exchanging structure proposed by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of a directional conduit in a solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure proposed by the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1. water collecting cylinder; 2. light-transmitting cover plate; 3. convex mirror; 4. external controller; 5. temperature sensor; 6. water exchange tank; 7. vacuum heat pipe; 8. photovoltaic panel group; 801. photovoltaic panel body; 802. external frame; 803. lower cover plate; 804. sealing part; 9. steam drain; 10. drain outlet; 11. upper through pipe; 12. lower through pipe; 13. heat exchange chamber; 14. directional guide tube; 15. connecting guide rod; 16. lower float; 17. upper float; 18. auxiliary channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Embodiment 1: Conventional solar energy utilization includes a single mode of photovoltaic panels and vacuum heat pipes, mainly including two utilization modes of electric energy and thermal energy. The mode is relatively simple. It should be noted that when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the preset value, its power generation efficiency has a significant downward trend. However, thermal energy is a key parameter in the solar thermal utilization mode, so the thermal energy generated in the photovoltaic power generation process is wasted. The following technical solutions are proposed:

[0026] Reference Figures 1 to 6 In this embodiment, a solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure includes a water collecting cylinder 1, a photovoltaic panel group 8, a vacuum heat pipe 7 and an external controller 4. The vacuum heat pipe 7 is installed on the water collecting cylinder 1, and the vacuum heat pipe 7 is installed on both sides of the photovoltaic panel group 8. A water exchange tank 6 is provided directly below the water collecting cylinder 1;

[0027] The photovoltaic panel group 8 includes a photovoltaic panel body 801, an external frame 802 and a lower cover plate 803. A heat exchange chamber 13 is opened at the middle position between the photovoltaic panel body 801 and the lower cover plate 803. The upper and lower ends of the heat exchange chamber 13 are respectively installed with an upper through pipe 11 and a lower through pipe 12. The upper through pipe 11 and the lower through pipe 12 are respectively connected to the water collecting cylinder 1 and the water exchange tank 6. The water collecting cylinder 1 and the water exchange tank 6 are provided with water medium. A temperature sensor 5 is installed outside the water collecting cylinder 1. A steam outlet 9 and a drain outlet 10 are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the water collecting cylinder 1. A water replenishment port is installed on the water exchange tank 6. A light-transmitting cover plate 2 is installed on the outer curved surface of the upper side of the water collecting cylinder 1. A convex mirror 3 is installed along the light-transmitting cover plate 2 in a linear equidistant manner.

[0028] Working principle: The present invention is still based on the conventional photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal collection. It should be noted that solar thermal collection mainly utilizes thermal radiation. Taking the vacuum heat pipe 7 as an example, its essence is to absorb solar radiation energy through the selective absorption coating and convert it into thermal energy, which is then transferred to the phase change thermal storage material inside the glass for energy storage. It can be seen that the key condition for solar thermal collection is thermal energy, and for photovoltaic power generation, its essence lies in:

[0029] When light shines on the solar cell and is absorbed in the interface layer, photons with sufficient energy can excite electrons from covalent bonds in P-type silicon and N-type silicon, resulting in electron-hole pairs. Before recombination, the electrons and holes near the interface layer will be separated from each other by the electric field of the space charge. Electrons move to the positively charged N region and holes to the negatively charged P region to generate electrical energy. However, with the continuous exposure to sunlight, the local temperature rises rapidly. Since photovoltaic panels can convert solar energy into electrical energy, they also have certain temperature requirements. Generally speaking, when the temperature of photovoltaic panels rises by 1°C, the output power of photovoltaic panels will drop by 0.5~0.6%. That is to say, when the temperature rises by 10°C, the output power of photovoltaic panels will drop by 5~6%. Therefore, under extremely high temperature conditions, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels will drop significantly, thereby affecting the power generation capacity of photovoltaic panels. However, thermal energy is also a key condition for solar heat collection.

[0030] In this embodiment, the vacuum heat pipe 7 and the photovoltaic panel group 8 are installed in combination, and the operation processes of the two are independent and do not actively interfere with each other. Figure 3 and Figure 4 It is explained that: for the installation process of the photovoltaic panel body 801, the electronic components therein are waterproofed by glue sealing, which is specifically manifested as a glue sealing part 804, and a heat exchange chamber 13 is formed between the photovoltaic panel body 801 and the lower cover plate 803, and water is injected into the heat exchange chamber 13 and the water collecting cylinder 1, and water is used as a water medium in the heat transfer process;

[0031] And refer to Figure 5 In the process of continuous sunlight irradiation on the vacuum heat pipe 7, the vacuum heat pipe 7 provides heat energy to the water inside the water collecting tube 1. It should be noted that: because the upper surface of the water collecting tube 1 is a transparent cover plate 2, the water surface is continuously heated by sunlight, and the temperature rise of the water surface is accelerated under the focusing effect of multiple convex mirrors 3. The heat energy generated during the operation of the photovoltaic panel body 801 will also be transferred to the water medium in the heat exchange chamber 13, which is mainly used to maintain the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel body 1.

[0032] Embodiment 2: This embodiment explains the heat exchange chamber in Embodiment 1:

[0033] A sealant 804 is installed on one side of the heat exchange chamber 13, and the photovoltaic panel body 801 is connected to the external controller 4 through the sealant 804. The down pipe 12 is horizontally inclined downward in the direction pointing to the water exchange tank 6.

[0034] A vertically arranged directional conduit 14 is installed between the water collecting cylinder 1 and the water exchange tank 6, and the water collecting cylinder 1 is connected to the water exchange tank 6 through the directional conduit 14. The directional conduit 14 is linearly and equidistantly arranged along the length direction of the water exchange tank 6, and a cooperative channel 18 is opened inside the directional conduit 14. A vertically arranged connecting guide rod 15 is arranged inside the cooperative channel 18. The inner diameter of the cooperative channel 18 is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting guide rod 15, and the inner diameter of the middle section of the cooperative channel 18 is smaller than the inner diameter of the upper and lower ends of the cooperative channel 18. An upper float 17 is installed at the upper end of the connecting guide rod 15, and a lower float 16 is slidably installed at the lower end of the connecting guide rod 15. The upper float 17 is located inside the water collecting cylinder 1, and the diameter of the upper float 17 is larger than the diameter of the lower float 16. The lower float 16 is located at the lower side of the cooperative channel 18.

[0035] Solution Description: This section refers to Figure 2 To explain, in theory, the water collecting cylinder 1 and the water exchange tank 6 are filled with water medium. Referring to the thermal stratification phenomenon of water body, the surface temperature of the water medium inside the water collecting cylinder 1 is higher. If the water medium is in a relatively static state, the thermal stratification phenomenon of water body tends to be "balanced". However, in this embodiment, the photovoltaic panel body 801 needs to be heat exchanged, and for this purpose, the thermal stratification phenomenon of water body needs to be actively "broken", which is specifically manifested as follows:

[0036] Because the lower end of the heat exchange chamber 13 is connected to the inside of the water exchange tank 6 through the lower channel 12, and the upper end of the heat exchange chamber 13 is connected to the inside of the water collection tube 1 through the upper channel 11, and because the water exchange tank 16 is not exposed to sunlight and mainly serves as a temporary storage structure for the aqueous medium, and the internal temperature of the water collection tube 1 and the heat energy generated by the photovoltaic panel body 801 are not exactly the same, the water collection tube 1, the heat exchange chamber 13 and the water exchange tank 6 are "arranged" from top to bottom, and the temperatures of the aqueous medium inside the three are different, making it difficult to maintain the balance in the thermal stratification phenomenon of the water body, especially in the heat exchange chamber 13. The heat source of the aqueous medium in the heat exchange chamber 13 is only the heat energy generated during the operation of the photovoltaic panel body 801. Therefore, for the heat exchange chamber 13 and the water exchange tank 6, the aqueous medium inside the two is in a state of relative flow, the purpose of which is to avoid the excessive temperature of the aqueous medium remaining in the heat exchange chamber 13 for a long time and continue to affect the operation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel body 13.

[0037] Embodiment 3: This embodiment integrates Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 for description, specifically describing the operation process of the overall structure, and specifically includes the following contents:

[0038] S1: Drainage process: refer to Figure 1The temperature of the water medium inside the water collection cylinder 1 rises fastest, wherein the steam outlet 9 is a pressure relief port when the water medium is heated, and the drain port 10 is mainly used to discharge the water medium heated inside the water collection cylinder 1. However, the difference between this embodiment and the conventional solar heat collection method is that when the low-temperature water medium is replenished, it is mainly replenished through the water exchange tank 6. It can be understood that the low-temperature water medium first enters the water exchange tank 6, and then enters the heat exchange bin 13 and the water collection cylinder 1;

[0039] S2: Setting the temperature requirement during drainage according to the use requirements, specifically, detecting the temperature of the water medium inside the water collection tube 1 in real time through the temperature sensor 5. If the temperature is preset to T0 by the external controller 4, then when the temperature of the water medium inside the water collection tube 1 is greater than or equal to T0, the drainage action is directly performed, as shown in S1, and the water is discharged through the drain port 10. However, it should be noted that: water replenishment action needs to be performed simultaneously during the drainage action, and then the water is replenished through the water replenishment port on the water exchange tank 6. However, the drainage amount of the water medium inside the water collection tube 1 per unit time needs to be equal to the replenishment amount of the low-temperature water medium in the water exchange tank 6 per unit time, and then the drainage action and water replenishment action continue. When the temperature of the water medium inside the water collection tube 1 is less than T0, the drainage action and water replenishment action are stopped at the same time;

[0040] S3: Combined with S2, and referring to Figure 5 and Figure 6 When the water medium inside the water collecting tube 1 is filled, the upper float 17 always floats above the water surface inside the water collecting tube 1 under the action of buoyancy. In this process, because the diameter of the upper float 17 is larger than that of the lower float 16, the buoyancy of the upper float 17 is larger than that of the lower float 16, so that the lower float 16 will also float up or block the auxiliary channel 18. The purpose is to temporarily block and separate the water collecting tube 1 and the water exchange tank 6, or reduce the connecting diameter between the two, and to maintain the thermal stratification of the water bodies between the water medium inside the two, so as to avoid the water medium inside the water collecting tube 1 from heating up and causing the water medium inside the water exchange tank 6 to heat up, because although the water exchange tank 6 is a temporary storage structure for low-temperature water medium, the low-temperature water medium in the water exchange tank 6 needs to be autonomously mixed with the water medium inside the heat exchange bin 13;

[0041] When water is replenished / drained at the same time, the lower floating ball 16 will continue to block the auxiliary channel 18. The purpose is to ensure that the replenished low-temperature water medium can only enter the heat exchange chamber 13 through the lower channel 12, and squeeze the water medium in the heat exchange chamber 13 into the water collection tube 1, so that the heat exchange chamber 13 is always filled with low-temperature water medium to maintain the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel body 801, and the water medium after "absorbing" the heat energy generated by the photovoltaic panel body 801 is in a preheated state and has a higher initial temperature in the water collection tube 1;

[0042] S4: Supplementary explanation for S2 and S3: Theoretically, the water medium inside the water collecting cylinder 1 will not be completely filled with water medium, but the heat exchange chamber 13 needs to be completely filled with water medium. In this state, the upper float 17 will definitely float above the liquid surface inside the water collecting cylinder 1, but the lower float 16 will also block the auxiliary channel 18 under the action of its own buoyancy. The inside of the water collecting cylinder 1 and the inside of the water exchange tank 6 maintain a small-diameter connection state. In this state, it is necessary to use the temperature sensor 5 to further detect the temperature of the water medium inside the heat exchange chamber 13, and further set the upper temperature limit T1 corresponding to the photovoltaic panel body 3. If the water medium temperature in the heat exchange chamber 13 is greater than or equal to T1, the water replenishment action is directly performed, and because the water replenishment action will push the lower float 16 upward to move upward and completely block the auxiliary channel 18, so that the low-temperature water medium replenished in the water replenishment action only enters the heat exchange chamber 13, and the total amount of water replenishment in the water replenishment action is greater than or equal to the volume of the heat exchange chamber 13;

[0043] In this embodiment, S4 and S2 can be performed independently or in association, which is specifically manifested as follows: when S4 is performed, after the water medium in the heat exchange chamber 13 is replenished into the water collecting cylinder 1, if the temperature of the water medium in the water collecting cylinder 1 is still lower than T0, the drainage action is not performed;

[0044] After S4 is performed, the water medium in the heat exchange chamber 13 is replenished into the water collecting cylinder 1, and the temperature of the water medium in the water collecting cylinder 1 is greater than or equal to T0, then S2 is performed.

[0045] To sum up: it is an integrated structure formed by integrating photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal collection, two solar energy utilization methods. The two solar energy utilization methods are carried out independently, specifically solar thermal collection is the leading factor and water medium is the main body, combined with the thermal stratification phenomenon of water body, when the overall structure is put into operation, the heat energy generated by photovoltaic power generation is further utilized to act on the preheating process of water medium, which can be understood as: on the basis of cooling protection, it avoids the impact of high temperature environment on photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and can also improve the utilization rate of solar energy. Based on the above technical content, the flow mode of water medium is further changed. On the one hand, it is used to break the "balance" in the thermal stratification phenomenon of water body, and on the other hand, it is mainly to drive the flow mode of water medium in the heat exchange chamber.

[0046] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the structure of the present invention. The technicians in this technical field may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0048] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to only specific implementation methods. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure, comprising a water collecting cylinder, a photovoltaic panel group, a vacuum heat pipe and an external controller, characterized in that: The vacuum heat conducting pipe is installed on the water collecting cylinder, and the vacuum heat conducting pipe is installed on both sides of the photovoltaic panel group, and a water changing tank is arranged directly below the water collecting cylinder; The photovoltaic panel group includes a photovoltaic panel body, an external frame and a lower cover plate, a heat exchange chamber is opened at the middle position of the photovoltaic panel body and the lower cover plate, and an upper through pipe and a lower through pipe are installed at the upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange chamber respectively, and the upper through pipe and the lower through pipe are respectively connected to the water collection cylinder and the water exchange tank, and the water medium is arranged inside the water collection cylinder and the water exchange tank, and a temperature sensor is installed outside the water collection cylinder; A vertically arranged directional conduit is installed between the water collecting cylinder and the water exchange trough, and the water collecting cylinder is connected to the water exchange trough through the directional conduit. The directional conduit is linearly and equidistantly arranged along the length direction of the water exchange trough, and a coordination channel is opened inside the directional conduit. A vertically arranged connecting guide rod is arranged inside the coordination channel. The inner diameter of the coordination channel is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting guide rod, and the inner diameter of the middle section of the coordination channel is smaller than the inner diameter of the upper and lower ends of the coordination channel. An upper float is installed at the upper end of the connecting guide rod, and a lower float is slidably installed at the lower end of the connecting guide rod. The upper float is located inside the water collecting cylinder, and the diameter of the upper float is larger than the diameter of the lower float. The lower float is located at the lower side of the coordination channel.

2. A solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the water collecting cylinder are respectively provided with a steam discharge port and a water discharge port, and the water exchange tank is provided with a water replenishment port.

3. A solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A light-transmitting cover plate is installed on the outer curved surface of the upper side of the water collecting cylinder, and a convex mirror is installed in a linear equidistant manner on the upper edge of the light-transmitting cover plate.

4. A solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A glue seal is installed on one side of the interior of the heat exchange chamber, and the photovoltaic panel body is connected to an external controller through the glue seal.

5. The solar photovoltaic collector with a concentrating heat exchange structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The down pipe is inclined downward in a horizontal direction and in a direction pointing to the water exchange tank.

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