Optimization method for configuration of ecological barrier forest and grass belts for plant invasion prevention and control in plateau mountains

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for optimizing the configuration of an ecological barrier forest and grass belt for plant invasion prevention and control in plateau mountains, and relates to the technical field of ecological barrier construction. The method comprises: collecting basic ecological data of a target research area, generating an ecological thematic map through preprocessing and visual annotation; investigating and counting the distribution data of invasive plants in the target area, and mapping it onto the ecological thematic map to generate an invasive plant distribution thematic map; determining the invasion source and invasion path through spatial analysis and diffusion path analysis; evaluating the level of the protected area based on the invasion distribution data, superimposing the invasion path and risk level information, and determining the scope of the ecological barrier; constructing an ecological barrier forest and grass belt system, outputting a configuration plan, and implementing plant invasion prevention and control. The method solves the technical problem that the existing technology is difficult to accurately prevent and control invasive plants in a complex ecological environment due to insufficient comprehensiveness, and achieves the technical effect of optimizing the prevention and control effect of invasive plants in the target research area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological barrier construction, and in particular to a method for optimizing the configuration of forest and grass belts as ecological barriers for the prevention and control of plant invasion in plateau mountains. Background Art

[0002] Biological invasion refers to the phenomenon that alien species enter new ecosystems through migration or introduction and threaten local species and the environment. At present, with the acceleration of globalization, economic activities and cross-border flows of people and goods around the world are frequent, which indirectly promotes the cross-border movement of species. Biological invasion has become a prominent issue of global ecological security. Therefore, effectively responding to the spread of biological invasion, rationally building ecological barriers, and optimizing prevention and control plans have become important tasks in dealing with this ecological problem.

[0003] At present, relevant technologies have the technical problem that it is difficult to accurately prevent and control invasive plants in complex ecological environments due to lack of comprehensiveness. Summary of the invention

[0004] This application provides a method for optimizing the configuration of ecological barrier forest and grass belts for the prevention and control of plant invasion in plateau mountains. It collects basic ecological data (including geographical boundaries and terrain data) of the target study area, generates an ecological thematic map after preprocessing and visual annotation; investigates and counts the distribution data of invasive plants in the target area, and maps them to the ecological thematic map to generate an invasive plant distribution thematic map; determines the invasion source, invasion path and protection area through spatial analysis and diffusion path analysis; conducts a grade assessment of the protection area based on the invasion distribution data, superimposes the invasion path and risk level information, and determines the scope of the ecological barrier; constructs an ecological barrier forest and grass belt system, and implements plant invasion prevention and control by optimizing the analysis output configuration plan, thereby achieving the technical effect of optimizing the prevention and control effect of invasive plants in the target study area and effectively preventing the spread of invasive plants.

[0005] This application provides a method for optimizing the configuration of ecological barrier forest and grass belts for plant invasion prevention and control in plateau mountains, including:

[0006] The basic ecological data information of the target study area is collected and obtained, and the basic ecological data information includes geographic boundary data and terrain data. The basic ecological data information is preprocessed and data visualization is annotated to obtain an ecological thematic map; the invasive plant distribution data of the target study area is investigated and statistically obtained, and the invasive plant distribution data is mapped and placed in the ecological thematic map for identification to obtain an invasive plant distribution thematic map; the invasive plant distribution data is subjected to invasion spatial analysis and diffusion path analysis to determine the target plant invasion source and plant invasion path, and the target plant invasion source and the intervention protection area of ​​the target protection object are obtained; based on the invasive plant distribution data, the invasive plant level of the intervention protection area is evaluated to determine the invasive plant risk level information, and the invasive plant distribution thematic map is used to spatially superimpose the plant invasion path and the invasive plant risk level information to determine the range of the plant ecological barrier; an ecological barrier forest and grass belt system is constructed, and the configuration optimization analysis of the plant ecological barrier range is performed based on the ecological barrier forest and grass belt system, and the forest and grass belt configuration optimization scheme parameters are output, and plant invasion prevention and control is performed on the target study area based on the forest and grass belt configuration optimization scheme parameters.

[0007] The method for optimizing the configuration of ecological barrier forest and grassland belts for the prevention and control of plant invasion in plateau mountains proposed in this application is to first collect basic ecological data (including geographical boundaries and terrain data) of the target study area, and generate an ecological thematic map after preprocessing and visual annotation; investigate and count the distribution data of invasive plants in the target area, and map them onto the ecological thematic map to generate an invasive plant distribution thematic map; determine the invasion source, invasion path and protection area through spatial analysis and diffusion path analysis; conduct a grade assessment of the protection area based on the invasion distribution data, superimpose the invasion path and risk level information, and determine the scope of the ecological barrier; construct an ecological barrier forest and grassland belt system, and implement plant invasion prevention and control through optimization analysis and output configuration plan, so as to achieve the technical effect of optimizing the prevention and control effect of invasive plants in the target study area and effectively preventing the spread of invasive plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiment of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. A flow chart is used in the present application to illustrate the operations performed by the system according to the embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed accurately in order. On the contrary, various steps can be processed in reverse order or simultaneously as needed. At the same time, other operations can also be added to these processes, or one or more operations can be removed from these processes.

[0009] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a process for optimizing the configuration of an ecological barrier forest and grass belt for preventing and controlling plant invasion in plateau mountains provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0010] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the process of obtaining an ecological thematic map for the method for optimizing the configuration of ecological barrier forest and grass belts for plant invasion prevention and control in plateau mountains provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below.

[0012] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments should not be regarded as limiting the present application. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0013] In the following description, reference is made to "some embodiments", which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it is understood that "some embodiments" may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments, and may be combined with each other without conflict, and the terms "first\second" involved are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. The terms "including" and "having" and any variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product, or server that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or modules that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by technicians in the technical field of this application. The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing the embodiments of the present application only.

[0014] The present application embodiment provides a method for optimizing the configuration of an ecological barrier forest and grass belt for preventing and controlling plant invasion in plateau mountains, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0015] Step S100, collect and obtain basic ecological data information of the target study area, the basic ecological data information includes geographic boundary data and terrain data, pre-process the basic ecological data information and perform data visualization annotation to obtain an ecological thematic map. Specifically, firstly, satellite remote sensing images, field surveys and historical data are used to collect geographic boundary data of the target study area, and digital elevation models, topographic survey instruments and drone aerial photography are used to collect terrain data. Then, the collected data is converted into a standard format, and projection conversion is performed according to requirements to ensure accurate spatial analysis. The resolution is adjusted by resampling and the data in the target area is extracted according to the mask. Then, an ecological legend annotation symbol library is constructed according to the data type and characteristics, and the pre-processed data is visualized and annotated according to the symbol library using GIS software. After adding map elements, an ecological thematic map is generated to provide an intuitive basis for subsequent analysis and research.

[0016] In one possible implementation, Figure 2As shown, basic ecological data information of the target study area is collected and acquired, the basic ecological data information includes geographic boundary data and terrain data, the basic ecological data information is preprocessed and data visualization annotation is performed on the basic ecological data information to obtain an ecological thematic map, step S100 further includes step S110, acquiring a data preprocessing program, the data preprocessing program includes data format conversion, projection conversion, resampling and mask extraction. Specifically, when collecting basic ecological data information, the data sources are wide-ranging, including satellite remote sensing data, field measurement equipment record data, geographic information database download data, etc. The data formats are varied. For example, satellite remote sensing data may be in GeoTIFF format, and field measurement equipment record data may be in Excel spreadsheet format or proprietary formats of specific instruments. The data format conversion function is designed to uniformly convert these data in different formats into a standard format that is convenient for subsequent processing. For example, the common shapefile format is used to store vector data of geographic elements, and the raster data format is used to store continuous surface data, such as terrain elevation data. Different map projections are suitable for different geographic areas and research purposes. The projection method originally used for basic ecological data does not meet the needs of the current research area or the accuracy requirements of the analysis. The projection conversion program can convert geographic coordinates from one projection system to another. For example, the Mercator projection is often used in nautical charts, but for large-area terrestrial ecological studies, it may be more appropriate to use an equal-area projection to accurately reflect the regional area relationship. Projection transformation can ensure the location accuracy and mutual coordination of data in spatial analysis. The resolution of data from different sources varies greatly. The resampling program resamples the data through an algorithm to adjust the resolution of the data. For example, in terrain data, high-resolution terrain data may be detailed in local areas but the data volume is large and may be difficult to match with other low-resolution ecological data (such as vegetation distribution range data). Resampling can reduce the resolution of high-resolution data or increase the resolution of low-resolution data as needed, so that it has a suitable scale basis in spatial analysis and facilitates subsequent comprehensive analysis. The mask extraction program uses specific regional boundaries or conditions as the basis for screening. In basic ecological data, the geographic boundary data of the study area is used as a mask to accurately extract data in the target study area from a large amount of data, eliminating interference from data in surrounding irrelevant areas. For example, if the ecological data of a nature reserve is being studied, the boundary data of the reserve can be used as a mask to extract relevant data such as terrain and vegetation within the reserve from a wider range of geographic data.

[0017] Step S120, preprocess the basic ecological data information through the data preprocessing program to obtain standard basic ecological data information. Specifically, the collected basic ecological data information is processed by the data preprocessing program. For data format conversion, the data in the original format is imported into the conversion program and converted according to the set target format, so that all data formats are unified, which is convenient for subsequent operation and analysis in the same software or system. In the projection conversion link, according to the geographical location, scope size and analysis purpose of the study area, a suitable projection coordinate system is selected, and the basic ecological data is converted to the coordinate system to ensure the consistency and accuracy of the data in space. When resampling, according to the characteristics of the data and the analysis requirements, the appropriate sampling method and sampling parameters are determined, and the resolution of the data is adjusted to make it suitable for comprehensive analysis. Finally, the mask extraction function is used to extract the data of the target study area from the original data with accurate geographic boundary data as a mask, and the data of irrelevant areas are removed to obtain standard basic ecological data information, in preparation for subsequent analysis.

[0018] Step S130, using GIS to perform spatial analysis and ecological feature identification on the standard basic ecological data information to obtain regional ecological feature element data. Specifically, GIS has powerful spatial analysis functions. After loading standard basic ecological data information using GIS software, a variety of spatial analysis operations can be performed. For example, slope analysis can be performed on terrain data to calculate the slope size of different locations in the study area and identify steep and gentle slope areas; water system analysis can be performed to determine the direction of the river, the range of the watershed, and the spatial relationship between the river and other geographical elements; spatial clustering analysis can be performed on vegetation data to find out the concentrated areas and discrete areas of vegetation distribution, etc. Through spatial analysis operations, we can deeply understand the spatial distribution patterns and mutual relationships of various ecological elements in the study area. On the basis of spatial analysis, combined with professional knowledge and experience, GIS can be used to identify regional ecological characteristic elements. For topography, the distribution range and characteristics of different landform types such as mountains, valleys, and plains can be identified; for the interconnected layout of ecological regions, the connectivity between different ecological patches can be analyzed, such as whether the ecological corridors between forests and wetlands are unobstructed; for the location of potential protected areas, potential areas with protection value can be identified based on the importance and sensitivity of ecological elements, such as the distribution of rare wildlife habitats and water sources. Through analysis and identification, regional ecological characteristic element data can be obtained, providing a basis for subsequent visual annotation.

[0019] Step S140, constructing an ecological legend annotation symbol library, and visually annotating the regional ecological characteristic element data based on the ecological legend annotation symbol library to obtain the ecological thematic map. Specifically, according to the type and characteristics of regional ecological characteristic element data, an ecological legend annotation symbol library is constructed. For vegetation types, different icons or colors are designed to represent different vegetation communities, such as broad-leaved forests are represented by specific green patterns, and coniferous forests are represented by another pattern; for water sources, blue lines or symbols are used to represent rivers, and blue surface areas are used to represent lakes, etc.; for wildlife habitats, specific animal icons are used to represent the habitat ranges of different animals. By designing these representative annotation symbols, a complete ecological legend annotation symbol library is constructed to accurately and clearly visualize the ecological data. Based on the constructed ecological legend annotation symbol library, the regional ecological characteristic element data are visualized. In the GIS software, different ecological characteristic element data are associated with corresponding annotation symbols, and vegetation, water sources, topography and other elements are labeled according to the regulations in the symbol library. For example, on the map, mountains are labeled with brown contour lines and accompanied by peak icons, and rivers are labeled with blue lines and the flow direction is marked. By adjusting the annotation font, size, color and symbol display style and other parameters, the annotation is clear, beautiful and easy to understand. After visual annotation, the final result is an ecological thematic map that can intuitively display the ecological characteristics of the study area, providing a powerful visualization tool for ecological research, protection planning, etc.

[0020] Step S200, investigate and obtain the invasive plant distribution data of the target study area, map the invasive plant distribution data and place it in the ecological thematic map for identification, and obtain the invasive plant distribution thematic map. Specifically, first, through field investigation methods such as sample plot setting and line investigation, and combined with historical data consultation and remote sensing image interpretation, the invasive plant distribution data of the target study area is obtained. Then these data are sorted out, and a data table containing information such as geographical location and plant species is established, and matched with the ecological thematic map coordinate system. Then, for discrete point data, point identification is used, continuous distribution data is used for surface identification, and diffusion path is used for linear identification. The identified invasive plant distribution data layer is superimposed on the ecological thematic map, the layer transparency and order are adjusted, and then legends and annotations are added. Finally, an invasive plant distribution thematic map that can clearly display the distribution of invasive plants and is combined with basic ecological data is obtained, providing an intuitive and accurate information basis for subsequent analysis and prevention and control.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the invasive plant distribution data of the target study area is obtained by survey and statistics, and the invasive plant distribution data is mapped and placed in the ecological thematic map for identification to obtain an invasive plant distribution thematic map. Step S200 further includes step S210, extracting distribution elements of the invasive plant distribution data to obtain invasive plant distribution characteristic information, and the invasive plant distribution characteristic information includes plant species, growth environment, distribution range, density, vegetation height and vegetation symbiosis and antagonism. Specifically, the invasive plant distribution data is sorted out in detail, and the types of invasive plants are accurately identified through field survey records, specimen identification, and reference to plant taxonomy data. In the field survey, plant identification manuals or mobile applications are used to assist investigators in identifying plant morphological characteristics, such as leaf shape, flower structure, stem characteristics, etc., to determine the species of the plant. At the same time, for some plant species with similar morphology that are easy to confuse, it may be necessary to use a microscope to observe the plant cell structure or perform more accurate methods such as gene sequencing to distinguish them, so as to ensure the accuracy of plant species information, record the environmental factor data of the location of the invasive plants, and for the soil environment, collect soil samples on site and analyze them to measure soil parameters such as pH, fertility, and texture. Sensors are used to measure meteorological data such as air temperature, humidity, and light intensity to understand the microclimate environment in which invasive plants are located, observe the surrounding vegetation community structure, and determine whether invasive plants grow in forests, grasslands, wetlands, or other types of vegetation environments, as well as their competitive or symbiotic relationship with surrounding plants, so as to fully grasp their growth environment information. Combined with geographic information system (GIS) technology and field survey data, the distribution boundaries of invasive plants in the target research area are accurately mapped, and the global positioning system (GPS) is used to locate the coordinates of the boundary points of the invasive plant distribution recorded in the field, and the coordinates are imported into the GIS software to generate a distribution range layer.For large continuous distribution areas, remote sensing image interpretation technology can be used to identify the distribution range of invasive plants based on their spectral and texture characteristics in the images. For small scattered distribution areas, detailed field surveys are used to determine the boundaries in order to accurately define their distribution range. Within the set sample plots, the number of invasive plant individuals is counted, and their density is calculated based on the sample plot area. For invasive plants with different growth forms (such as herbs, shrubs, and trees), appropriate sample plot sizes and statistical methods are used. For example, for herbaceous plants, the number of individuals can be counted directly. For shrubs and trees, the number can be estimated based on the size and distribution of the plants by using the nominal counting method or by measuring the diameter at breast height, the diameter at ground level, and other methods, and then the plant density per unit area can be calculated. Tools such as altimeters can be used to measure the number of invasive plants in the field. Height: Measure and record plants at different growth stages and different community structures. In dense vegetation communities, select representative plants for measurement, and count the average height and height distribution range. For some climbing invasive plants, measure their main stem length, climbing height and other information to fully understand the height characteristics of vegetation, observe the relationship between invasive plants and surrounding native plants, and record their performance in resource competition (such as water, nutrients, and light). Through experimental research or consulting relevant literature, understand the effects of chemicals secreted by invasive plants on the growth of other plants, as well as the resistance or promotion of local plants to invasive plants. Analyze the changes in the interaction between invasive plants and other plants under different seasons and environmental conditions, and obtain information on vegetation symbiosis and antagonism.

[0022] Step S220, feature integration and identification of the invasive plant distribution data according to the invasive plant distribution characteristic information to obtain invasive plant distribution characteristic data. Specifically, the invasive plant distribution data is classified and sorted according to the extracted invasive plant distribution characteristic information, and the data of the same plant species are classified into one category and subdivided according to the growth environment type. For example, the data of the same invasive plant growing in a mountain forest environment and a wetland environment are sorted separately. For the distribution range data, it is sorted and classified according to the geographical area and area size; the density data is arranged in order from low to high; the vegetation height data is grouped into different height intervals for subsequent feature integration and identification, and a unique identification code is set for each type of invasive plant distribution data, and an association relationship between the characteristic information is established, for example, the plant species code is associated with the growth environment. Environmental codes, distribution range codes, etc. are associated through the associated fields of the database table, so that relevant characteristic information can be quickly found during query and analysis. At the same time, in order to facilitate data management and visual display, the identification codes are standardized and standardized to ensure the consistency of different data sources and processing links. On the basis of integrating and associating data, a data set containing complete invasive plant distribution characteristic information is generated, namely, invasive plant distribution characteristic data. Each record in this data set contains information such as plant species, growth environment, distribution range, density, vegetation height, and vegetation symbiosis, and is stored in a structured manner to facilitate subsequent data processing and analysis operations.

[0023] Step S230, according to the plant invasion prevention and control target, the feature data layer annotation setting is performed to obtain the plant distribution feature annotation symbol library. Specifically, according to the plant invasion prevention and control target, independent layers are created for different invasive plant distribution feature information, for example, a plant species layer is created, and different invasive plant species are represented on the layer with different colors or symbols; for the growth environment layer, specific patterns or fill colors are used to distinguish according to different environmental types (such as forests, grasslands, waters, etc.), and the distribution range layer uses clear boundary lines to display the distribution area range of different invasive plants; the density layer uses color gradients or point density changes to represent density differences; the vegetation height layer uses contour lines or layered colors of different height intervals to show vegetation height changes; the vegetation mutualism and mutualism layer uses lines or arrows to represent the interaction between plants, and selects appropriate colors, symbols and classification methods for each layer to enhance the visualization and readability of the data. In terms of color selection, the principle of high color contrast and easy distinction is followed. For example, high-risk invasive plant species are represented in red on the layer, and low-risk ones are represented in green. Symbols should be representative and intuitive, such as using tree icons to represent arborescent invasive plants and grass leaf icons to represent herbaceous invasive plants. The classification method is determined according to data characteristics and prevention and control needs. For example, the distribution range can be classified according to area size, and the density can be classified according to the numerical range, so that the differences and distribution patterns of different feature information can be clearly displayed on the map.

[0024] Step S240, mapping and importing the invasive plant distribution characteristic data into the ecological thematic map, and marking the plant distribution on the ecological thematic map after the data is imported using the plant distribution characteristic annotation symbol library to obtain the invasive plant distribution thematic map. Specifically, the invasive plant distribution characteristic data is mapped and imported into the ecological thematic map to ensure that the geographical location information of the data accurately matches the coordinate system of the ecological thematic map. Through operations such as geographic coordinate conversion and data format adjustment, the invasive plant distribution characteristic data can be accurately superimposed on the corresponding position of the ecological thematic map. For example, if the ecological thematic map adopts the geographic coordinate system, and the invasive plant distribution characteristic data is obtained based on the local measurement coordinate system, it is necessary to convert it into the geographic coordinate system to achieve accurate data fusion. The plant distribution mark symbol library is used to mark the ecological thematic map after the data is imported. According to different characteristic information, the ecological thematic map is marked with corresponding colors, symbols and layer information. For example, on the ecological thematic map, for an invasive plant growing in the forest, the pattern of the forest environment layer and the symbol of the invasive plant species are used to mark it in its distribution area, and the size of the symbol, the depth of the color and other attributes are adjusted according to information such as density and vegetation height. In this way, the invasive plant distribution characteristic information is intuitively displayed on the ecological thematic map, and finally the invasive plant distribution thematic map is obtained, providing intuitive and accurate information support for plant invasion prevention and control.

[0025] Step S300, perform invasion space analysis and diffusion path analysis on the invasive plant distribution data, determine the target plant invasion source and plant invasion path, and obtain the target plant invasion source and the intervention protection area of ​​the target protection object. Specifically, first organize and preprocess the invasive plant distribution data, and use GIS to superimpose it with basic ecological data. Analyze the spatial distribution pattern through spatial statistical methods, and use cluster analysis to identify the aggregation situation. Consult historical data to trace the diffusion path, and analyze the path in combination with ecological factors such as water flow, terrain, animals and wind-borne transmission. Comprehensively analyze and determine the potential invasion source, observe the vegetation characteristics with the help of remote sensing images, and accurately determine the target source through field survey sampling and genetic analysis. The paths obtained by analyzing multiple factors are integrated, and the invasion path is determined using expert knowledge and model simulation. After clarifying the key areas of the target protection object, the intervention protection area is delineated according to the invasion source, the location of the protection object and the invasion path to ensure that the spread of invasive plants can be effectively blocked and the ecological integrity can be protected.

[0026] In a possible implementation, the invasive plant distribution data is subjected to invasion space analysis and diffusion path analysis, the target plant invasion source and plant invasion path are determined, and the target plant invasion source and the target protected object's intervention protection area are obtained. Step S300 further includes step S310, the invasion history record of the invasive plant distribution data is traced back to obtain invasive plant historical record information, and the invasive plant historical record information includes existing invasion source information and corresponding invasive plant distribution environment data. Specifically, the historical record information of invasive plants is collected from multiple channels. The local plant research archives, agricultural department's pest and disease records, ecological monitoring reports, etc. are consulted to obtain text descriptions, chart data and other materials on the distribution of invasive plants in the past. The materials contain information such as the appearance locations and diffusion conditions of invasive plants in the target research area at different periods. At the same time, communicate with local plant experts, scholars and personnel who have been engaged in field work for a long time to obtain their historical memory and experience information on invasive plants, and integrate evidence found in field surveys that may be related to historical invasions, such as some ancient specimen records, oral histories of plant changes by local residents, etc. For existing information on the source of invasion, carefully verify its origin and accuracy, record the time when the source was discovered, the type and number of invasive plants at the time, etc. For distribution environment data, sort out its geographical location information in detail, accurately record the location through GPS positioning or map marking, and collect related data such as quantity and growth conditions. At the same time, obtain the geographical environment information at the time, such as obtaining climate data (temperature, rainfall) through meteorological station records, determining soil type through soil sampling and analysis, clarifying the surrounding vegetation type through vegetation surveys, and understanding the topography and landforms through topographic measurements or map data.

[0027] Step S320, perform spatial overlay analysis and distribution environment analysis on the invasive plant historical record information to determine the distribution environment characteristic information of the invasive plant source. Specifically, the distribution data in the invasive plant historical record information of different periods are digitized and converted into layers that can be operated in the Geographic Information System (GIS). These layers are superimposed on the basic geographic data layer in chronological order to observe the changes in the distribution range of invasive plants over time. By calculating the spatial relationships such as the intersection and union of the distribution ranges of different periods, the diffusion direction, speed, and the aggregation and dispersion areas of invasive plants during the diffusion process are analyzed. For example, it is found that a certain area is the core area of ​​invasive plant distribution in multiple periods, or some areas are newly emerging diffusion hotspots. For each invasive plant distribution point in each recording period, the surrounding environmental factors are analyzed in detail. For climate data, the temperature and precipitation are studied. The relationship between factors such as rainfall and the growth and spread of invasive plants. For example, some invasive plants may reproduce and spread more easily under warm and humid climates. Analyze the impact of soil type on root growth and nutrient absorption of invasive plants. Different soil textures, pH values, and fertility levels may lead to differences in the distribution of invasive plants. Study the interaction between vegetation types and invasive plants, such as the changes in vegetation community structure caused by invasive plants in the process of competing with native plants for resources. Combined with topography, explore the barrier or guiding role of mountains, rivers, valleys, etc. on the spread of invasive plants. Determine the distribution environment characteristics of invasive plant sources, including the range of climatic conditions suitable for growth, preferred soil type characteristics, relationship patterns with surrounding vegetation, and spread tendencies affected by topography.

[0028] Step S330, based on the distribution environment characteristic information of the invasive plant source and the ecological thematic map, spatial correlation analysis and associated clustering identification are performed to obtain potential plant invasion sources. Specifically, the distribution environment characteristic information of the invasive plant source is subjected to spatial correlation analysis with various ecological element data in the ecological thematic map. In the GIS software, the spatial correlation analysis tool is used to calculate the correlation coefficient between the distribution environment characteristics of the invasive plants and terrain elements such as terrain height, slope, and slope direction, understand the distribution preference of invasive plants under different terrain conditions, analyze the correlation with vegetation elements such as vegetation cover type and density, judge the dependence or competition relationship between invasive plants and different vegetation communities, study the degree of spatial correlation with climate factors (such as temperature and precipitation distribution), determine the climate area characteristics suitable for the growth of invasive plants, and according to the results of spatial correlation analysis , a clustering algorithm is used to identify associated clusters of areas with similar environmental characteristics, and areas with similar environmental factors such as terrain, vegetation, and climate and adjacent in space are divided into a cluster. In the clustering process, an appropriate similarity threshold is set. For example, when the similarity of the terrain characteristics of two areas reaches a certain degree, and the vegetation types and climatic conditions are also relatively similar, they are classified into the same category. In this way, areas with similar invasive plant distribution potential are identified, thereby obtaining potential plant invasion sources. The potential source areas have a high similarity in environmental characteristics with the known invasion source distribution environmental characteristics, which provides a basis for further determining the target plant invasion source areas.

[0029] Step S340, perform population genetic analysis on the invasive plant distribution data to obtain invasive plant genetic analysis information, perform similarity comparison between the invasive plant genetic analysis information and the potential plant invasion source, and determine the target plant invasion source. Specifically, collect invasive plant samples from different regions on the spot to ensure that the samples are representative and cover different distribution areas and growth environments. Use molecular biology techniques, such as extracting plant DNA and amplifying specific gene fragments through PCR to perform genetic analysis on invasive plant populations, analyze the level of gene diversity, including indicators such as allele frequency and gene polymorphism, understand the genetic variation within the population, study the genetic distance and genetic similarity between different populations, and construct a genetic evolutionary tree to reveal the relationship and evolutionary path between populations. Perform similarity comparison between the obtained invasive plant genetic analysis information and the potential plant invasion source, and for genetic Areas with high diversity and large genetic differences from other populations may be the origin center or early spread source of invasive plants. Populations in different potential sources should be compared with populations in other distribution areas in terms of gene exchange, genetic differentiation, etc. If the population in a potential source has an obvious center-radiation relationship with populations in other regions in terms of genetic characteristics, that is, the genetic characteristics of populations in other regions can be traced back to the characteristics of the potential source population, and have high genetic similarity and low genetic differentiation, then the area can be determined as the source of invasion of target plants. Genetic analysis can determine the source of invasive plants at the biological essence level, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the source.

[0030] Step S350, using GIS and the invasive plant genetic analysis information to perform diffusion path analysis and path verification and refinement on the invasive plant distribution data to determine the plant invasion path. Specifically, use GIS software in combination with the invasive plant genetic analysis information to perform diffusion path analysis on the invasive plant distribution data, infer the possible diffusion direction of the invasive plant based on the population relationship and evolutionary path revealed in the genetic analysis, and use the connection between population distribution points with close genetic distances to preliminarily determine the diffusion path. At the same time, combined with ecological and environmental factors such as river direction, wind direction, animal migration routes, and channels with frequent human activities, further optimize the diffusion path. For example, if the seeds of a certain invasive plant may be spread by birds, and birds have specific migration routes, then combine these routes with the preliminary genetic-based path to determine a more reasonable diffusion path, and conduct field surveys and monitoring data to further optimize the diffusion path. The initially determined diffusion path is verified and refined, monitoring strips are set up on the suspected diffusion path, and the distribution changes of invasive plants are observed regularly. If new distribution points of invasive plants are found on a certain path and show a trend of gradual diffusion, the accuracy of the path is further verified. At the same time, the impact of human activities on the diffusion path is analyzed with reference to local historical land use change data, traffic flow change data, etc. For example, newly built roads may become new channels for the spread of invasive plants. These factors need to be incorporated into the path analysis for refinement, and more accurate geographic information data and model simulations are used to repeatedly verify and adjust the diffusion path, ultimately determining the plant invasion path to provide an accurate basis for the formulation of prevention and control measures.

[0031] In a possible implementation, the invasive plant distribution data is analyzed for diffusion paths and path verification and refinement using GIS and the invasive plant genetic analysis information to determine the plant invasion path, and step S350 further includes step S351, using GIS to perform nearest neighbor analysis and diffusion path analysis on the invasive plant distribution data to obtain diffusion path parameter information, wherein the diffusion path parameter information includes nearest neighbor distance, diffusion direction, and diffusion path. Specifically, the invasive plant distribution data is imported into the GIS software, and the distribution points of the invasive plant individuals or populations are taken as analysis objects, and the distance between each distribution point and its nearest neighbor distribution point is calculated using the nearest neighbor analysis algorithm. For discretely distributed invasive plants, this distance can reflect their degree of spatial aggregation and initial diffusion trend. For example, if the nearest neighbor distance is small and the distribution points show a certain regular arrangement, it may imply that there are some factors that promote or guide diffusion in the area. At the same time, the mean and variance of the nearest neighbor distance in different regions or under different environmental conditions are statistically analyzed to further analyze the distribution pattern of invasive plants. In the calculation process, the influence of geographical environmental factors on distance measurement is considered. For example, terrain undulations may increase or decrease the actual diffusion distance based on the horizontal distance, which needs to be corrected in combination with terrain data. For distribution points across different vegetation types or land use types, their mutual ecological connections will also affect the significance of the nearest neighbor distance, which requires a comprehensive evaluation, using the spatial analysis function of GIS, combined with invasive plants. Diffusion path analysis is conducted based on distribution data and basic ecological data. With reference to terrain data, such as the impact of natural geographical barriers such as mountains and rivers on diffusion, and the relationship between ecological factors such as vegetation cover and land use and the spread of invasive plants, possible diffusion directions are analyzed, such as along the river, along the valley, or along transportation routes with frequent human activities. By tracking the changing trends of invasive plant distribution points, possible diffusion path lines are drawn on the map. For invasive plant distribution data at different time points, dynamic analysis is conducted to obtain more accurate diffusion paths. For example, distribution data from different years are compared to observe the direction and speed of expansion of the diffusion range. At the same time, combined with meteorological data, such as wind direction and other factors, the special circumstances of wind-borne plants on the diffusion path are considered to obtain diffusion path parameter information including nearest neighbor distance, diffusion direction and diffusion path.

[0032] Step S352, constructing the potential invasion directional path information of plants according to the diffusion path parameter information. Specifically, according to the acquired diffusion path parameter information, the nearest neighbor distance, diffusion direction and preliminary diffusion path data are integrated. In the GIS software, the known distribution points of the invasive plants are used as the starting point, and according to the calculated diffusion direction, combined with the law of the nearest neighbor distance, a line segment with a direction is drawn to represent the potential invasion path. For example, if the diffusion direction of the invasive plants in a certain area is mainly eastward, and the nearest neighbor distance fluctuates within a certain range, a series of line segments are drawn eastward based on the distribution points. The length and direction of the line segments are determined according to the diffusion parameters. Combined with the relevant information in the ecological thematic map, such as the distribution of vegetation types, human activity areas, etc., the potential invasion path is refined. If the invasive plants tend to spread in a certain vegetation type, then when drawing the path, priority is given to passing through such vegetation areas. At the same time, the impact of human activities on the spread of invasive plants is considered, such as the possible spread pathways around agricultural areas and residential areas, and these factors are incorporated into the construction of the potential invasion directional path information.

[0033] Step S353, perform feasibility analysis and path optimization adjustment on the potential invasion directional path information of plants to obtain feasible invasion path information of plants. Specifically, perform feasibility analysis on the constructed potential invasion directional path information of plants, analyze the ecological suitability of the area through which the path passes from an ecological perspective, for example, determine whether the invasive plants can survive and spread under the soil conditions and climate conditions of the area, consider the blocking or promoting effect of the vegetation community on the path on the invasive plants, and whether there is a strong competitive relationship with local plants that affects its spread. At the same time, analyze the rationality of the path from a geographical perspective, such as whether it will be severely hindered by natural barriers such as mountains and rivers, or whether there are geographical channels that are more conducive to diffusion that have not been considered, and perform feasibility analysis in combination with socio-economic factors, consider the impact of human activities on the path, such as whether changes in land use and infrastructure construction will block or change the propagation path of invasive plants, and analyze the prevention and control measures or living conditions taken by humans in agricultural production, forestry management and other activities along the path. The impact of production activities on the spread of invasive plants. For example, some agricultural irrigation activities may inadvertently provide conditions for the spread of invasive plants, while some forest protection projects may block their spread. According to the results of the feasibility analysis, the potential invasion paths are optimized and adjusted. If a certain path section is found to be unsuitable for the spread of invasive plants due to ecological factors, the path is replanned to bypass the area or find a more suitable diffusion channel. For example, when encountering desert areas or high-altitude cold mountainous areas that are not conducive to the growth of invasive plants, the path is adjusted to extend along warmer, humid, and vegetated valleys or river valleys. When considering socioeconomic factors, for areas with frequent human activities and prevention and control measures, the path is adjusted to avoid or utilize these factors. For example, the management measures of highway green belts are used to hinder the spread of invasive plants, or to avoid areas where ecological restoration projects are being carried out, so as to obtain information on feasible paths for plant invasion.

[0034] Step S354, based on the invasive plant genetic analysis information, the feasible plant invasion path information is verified, refined and corrected to determine the plant invasion path. Specifically, the population relationship, genetic diversity distribution and other characteristics revealed in the invasive plant genetic analysis information are used to verify the feasible plant invasion path information, and the possible population exchanges on different paths are compared to see if they are consistent with the genetic analysis results. If the area passed by a path shows that there are population distribution points with frequent gene exchanges in the genetic analysis, then the rationality of the path is further verified; conversely, if the path is inconsistent with the genetic information, such as the genetic differences between the populations in the passed area are too large and do not conform to the diffusion law, then it is necessary to re-examine the accuracy of the path, analyze the connection between the population distribution areas with high genetic similarity and the feasible paths, and ensure that the path can reflect the diffusion trend of invasive plants at the genetic level. By comparing different Based on the genetic rationality of the same path, we can screen out the path direction that is more in line with the actual situation, refine and correct the feasible path of plant invasion according to the genetic analysis information, and fine-tune the path near the origin center or key diffusion node revealed by the genetic analysis to more accurately connect these important areas. For example, according to the branching relationship determined by the population genetic evolution tree, we can adjust the path to reflect the branching path direction of the invasive plants spreading from the source to the outside. At the same time, combined with the distribution points of invasive plants with the same genetic characteristics found in the field survey, we can supplement and improve the path. After verification, refinement and correction, we can finally determine the plant invasion path that can accurately reflect the spread process of invasive plants, and provide a reliable basis for the formulation of subsequent prevention and control measures.

[0035] Step S400, based on the invasive plant distribution data, the invasive plant level assessment is performed on the intervention protection area, the invasive plant risk level information is determined, and the invasive plant distribution thematic map is used to spatially superimpose the plant invasion path and the invasive plant risk level information to determine the range of the plant ecological barrier. Specifically, first, in the invasive plant level assessment, the assessment factors and indicators are determined from the aspects of ecological characteristics, distribution range status and frequency, natural geographical distribution of origin, invasion range, species harmfulness, and human factors. Collect relevant data and quantify them, determine the weight of each factor, and calculate the comprehensive assessment value to determine the level. Then, in order to determine the range of the plant ecological barrier, the plant invasion path data and the invasive plant risk level information are sorted and converted and superimposed on the invasive plant distribution thematic map, and the layer display is adjusted in the GIS software. According to the ecological protection goals, combined with basic ecological data such as topography and vegetation distribution, the ecological barrier setting standards are determined and the range boundaries are outlined, and annotations and explanations are performed at the same time to effectively block the spread of invasive plants and protect ecological security.

[0036] In one possible implementation, an invasive plant level assessment is performed on the intervention protection area based on the invasive plant distribution data to determine invasive plant risk level information, and the plant invasion path and the invasive plant risk level information are spatially superimposed using the invasive plant distribution thematic map to determine the range of the plant ecological barrier. Step S400 further includes step S410, obtaining plant invasion risk factors, which include ecological characteristics, distribution range status and frequency, natural geographical distribution of origin, invasion range, species harmfulness, and influence of human factors. Specifically, study the reproductive strategies of invasive plants, including seed dispersal methods (wind, water, animal, etc.), the length of the reproductive cycle, and the strength of their reproductive capacity. For example, some plant seeds are small and light, and can be spread to distant places by wind. They also have a short reproductive cycle and can reproduce many times within a year, which makes them have a high potential for invasion. Observe the growth rate and competitiveness of plants. Plants that grow quickly and can gain an advantage in resource competition are more likely to invade. For example, some invasive plants can grow quickly and block sunlight, inhibiting the growth of other plants around them. Understand the adaptive characteristics of plants, including their adaptability to different soil textures, pH values, and fertility. , as well as the tolerance range of climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, and light. Plants with broad adaptability can survive and reproduce in a variety of environments, increasing the risk of invasion. For example, some alien plants can grow in both arid environments and survive in humid environments, greatly expanding their distribution range. Through field surveys, remote sensing monitoring and other means, the current distribution range of invasive plants is determined, and their distribution area and location information in different geographical regions and ecosystems are recorded. The changes in their diffusion range over a period of time are counted, and the expansion speed and direction are analyzed. For example, GIS is used to draw distribution range layers of invasive plants in different periods, and the diffusion speed is compared.It is also necessary to pay attention to its frequency of occurrence, count the ratio of its occurrence times to the total number of surveys in multiple sampling points or areas, investigate the climatic characteristics of the native habitat of invasive plants, such as the average annual temperature, precipitation patterns (seasonal distribution, rainfall, etc.), duration and intensity of light, etc., analyze the topographic and geomorphic characteristics of the native habitat, including the altitude range, terrain undulation, and whether there are geographical barriers or channels such as mountains and rivers, study the soil type and vegetation type of the native habitat, judge its similarity with the invaded habitat in terms of natural geographical environment. Similar environmental conditions may be conducive to the rooting and spread of invasive plants in new areas, accurately measure the distance that invasive plants spread outward from the initial invasion point, determine the differences in the degree of their spread in different directions, assess the depth of their invasion in various ecosystems (such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, etc.), and whether they have changed the structure and function of the original ecosystems. Pay attention to whether they have a tendency to invade key areas such as nature reserves and ecologically fragile areas. Once an area is invaded Invasion may cause serious ecological damage. Observe the impact of invasive plants on local plant communities to see whether it leads to a decrease in the number of local species and a reduction in species diversity. Record their damage to ecosystem functions, such as negative impacts on soil nutrient cycling, water conservation, and climate regulation. Evaluate their harm to agricultural production, such as robbing crops of nutrients and water, affecting crop growth and yield, and their impact on animal husbandry, such as destroying livestock feed resources. Analyze the role of human activities in promoting the spread of invasive plants, such as the development of transportation networks that promotes the long-distance spread of plant seeds. Invasive species may be unintentionally introduced in import and export trade activities. At the same time, consider changes in human land use patterns, such as whether the new environment created by urbanization, agricultural reclamation, deforestation and other activities is conducive to the growth of invasive plants. On the other hand, pay attention to the inhibitory effect of human prevention and control measures on the spread of invasive plants, such as the establishment of isolation zones, chemical control, biological control and other measures.

[0037] Step S420, according to the plant invasion risk factors and based on the invasive plant distribution data, the intervention protection area is evaluated for the invasive plant level to obtain multi-risk factor evaluation parameter information. Specifically, according to the invasive plant distribution data, sample plots or survey points are set up in the intervention protection area to collect various information about invasive plants. The type, quantity, growth status and other data of the invasive plants in each sample plot or survey point are recorded, and their accurate locations are recorded in combination with the geographic information system (GIS). The data from different sources are integrated to establish a database for subsequent analysis, and for each risk factor, relevant parameters are extracted from the collected data. For example, for ecological characteristic factors, reproductive parameters (such as seed yield, reproductive cycle, etc.), growth rate parameters, etc. are extracted; for distribution range factors, parameters such as distribution area and diffusion rate are extracted; and so on, quantitative evaluation parameter information is obtained for each risk factor, and the evaluation parameters of each risk factor are combined using mathematical models or evaluation methods. The comprehensive index method and other methods can be used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the invasive plants in each sample plot or survey point. According to the importance and interrelationships of various parameters, the structure of the evaluation model and parameter weights are determined. For example, higher weights are given to some factors that have a greater impact on the invasion, and the comprehensive evaluation value is calculated by weighted summation and other methods to obtain the evaluation parameter information of multiple risk factors, and the impact degree of invasive plants in different regions is preliminarily divided.

[0038] Step S430, analyze the influence degree of each factor information in the plant invasion risk factor to obtain the influence weight factor information of the invasion risk factor. Specifically, experts in multiple fields such as botany, ecology, and geography are invited to make subjective judgments on the influence degree of each risk factor based on their experience and professional knowledge. The experts score or rank the importance of each risk factor in the invasion process based on their research results and practical experience. At the same time, statistical analysis is performed in combination with a large amount of actual case data. For example, the correlation data between each risk factor and the invasion results in multiple invasive plant cases are collected, and the expert opinions and data analysis results are comprehensively processed through methods such as the hierarchical analysis method (AHP), and a judgment matrix is ​​constructed to calculate the relative importance weight of each risk factor relative to other factors. After consistency testing and other steps, the rationality of weight distribution is ensured. Finally, the influence weight factor information of each risk factor is obtained, and the contribution of each factor in the invasive plant risk assessment is quantified.

[0039] Step S440, based on the invasion risk factor impact weight factor information, the risk level weighted assessment of the multiple risk factor assessment parameter information is performed to determine the invasive plant risk level information. Specifically, based on the invasion risk factor impact weight factor information obtained, the multiple risk factor assessment parameter information is weighted calculated, and each assessment parameter of each plot or survey point is multiplied by the corresponding weight factor and then summed to obtain a comprehensive risk value for each area. According to a pre-set risk level classification standard, such as dividing the risk value into several levels such as high, medium, and low, the comprehensive risk value of each area is classified to determine the risk level to which it belongs, and a risk level distribution map is drawn in GIS to intuitively display the risk level differences of invasive plants at different locations in the intervention protection area. By continuously verifying and adjusting the weight factor and assessment parameters, the accuracy and reliability of the risk level classification are ensured, and the invasive plant risk level information is finally determined to provide a basis for the formulation of subsequent prevention and control measures.

[0040] Step S500, constructing an ecological barrier forest and grass belt system, performing configuration optimization analysis on the plant ecological barrier range based on the ecological barrier forest and grass belt system, outputting forest and grass belt configuration optimization scheme parameters, and performing plant invasion prevention and control on the target study area based on the forest and grass belt configuration optimization scheme parameters. Specifically, firstly, selecting appropriate forest and grass species according to the climate and soil conditions of the target study area, while considering factors such as the inhibitory effect on invasive plants, then designing the forest and grass belt structure according to the plant ecological barrier range, terrain and the diffusion characteristics of invasive plants, including determining the width, spacing and planning the combination of trees, shrubs and grasses, then determining the configuration scheme parameter dimensions based on the ecological barrier forest and grass belt system, using mathematical models and computer simulation to analyze the prevention and control effects under different parameter combinations, determining the parameter available thresholds and selecting combinations therein to use optimization algorithms to find the best, outputting optimization scheme parameters, and finally constructing forest and grass belts in the target area based on these parameters, using scientific planting techniques and using GIS positioning records, and monitoring the growth of forest and grass belts and the diffusion of invasive plants for a long time, and timely analyzing and adjusting if there are deviations, so as to achieve effective plant invasion prevention and control.

[0041] In one possible implementation, an ecological barrier forest and grass belt system is constructed, and the configuration optimization analysis of the plant ecological barrier range is performed based on the ecological barrier forest and grass belt system, and the forest and grass belt configuration optimization scheme parameters are output. Based on the forest and grass belt configuration optimization scheme parameters, plant invasion prevention and control is performed on the target study area. Step S500 further includes step S510, and the forest and grass belt configuration scheme parameter dimensions are determined according to the ecological barrier forest and grass belt system. Specifically, a comprehensive survey of the ecological environment of the target study area is conducted, including factors such as climate, soil, and topography, and the adaptability of different vegetation types is analyzed, such as the growth potential of drought-tolerant plants, moisture-tolerant plants, sun-loving plants, and shade-tolerant plants in the local environment. The biological characteristics and ecological niches of invasive plants are studied, and vegetation types that can compete with or inhibit their growth are selected. For example, if the invasive plant is an herbaceous plant and adapts to an open and well-lit environment, a herbaceous plant or a low shrub that grows rapidly and can quickly form a cover layer can be selected to compete with it for resources. At the same time, the ecological functions of vegetation are considered, such as nitrogen-fixing plants that can improve soil fertility and benefit forests. The long-term growth of grass belts; plants with medicinal or economic value can bring certain economic benefits while playing an ecological protection function. By collecting local plant resource information, referring to similar ecological restoration project cases, and consulting plant experts, the range of vegetation types available for selection is determined as an important parameter dimension to analyze the spread mode and speed of invasive plants. For invasive plants that mainly spread seeds through wind and spread quickly, wider forest and grass belts are needed to block them. Considering the impact of terrain factors on the protective effect of forest and grass belts, in open plains, wider forest and grass belts can more effectively reduce wind speed and prevent the spread of invasive plant seeds;In special terrain areas such as valleys, the appropriate width should be determined based on factors such as wind direction and airflow, and the size and shape of the ecological barrier should be studied. For areas with large areas and irregular shapes, the width of forest and grass belts in different sections should be reasonably planned to achieve the best protection effect. Through field tests, wind tunnel simulation tests, and computer simulation diffusion models, the blocking effect of forest and grass belts of different widths on invasive plants should be explored, and the selection range of the parameter dimension of forest and grass belt width should be determined. The effect of vegetation density on resource competition should be studied. High-density vegetation can make more effective use of soil moisture and nutrients and reduce the resources available to invasive plants. However, too high a density may lead to poor ventilation and light transmission inside the vegetation, affecting its own growth and health. The appropriate density range should be determined according to the growth characteristics of different vegetation types. For example, the planting density of trees is relatively low, while the density of herbaceous plants and some shrubs can be relatively high. Considering the stability of the ecosystem, appropriate vegetation density helps maintain the balance of soil microbial communities, promotes soil structure improvement and other ecological processes. Through small sample plot experiments, long-term ecological monitoring and ecosystem model simulation, the feasible range of vegetation density parameter dimensions is clarified, and the planting spacing is determined in combination with the growth rate of vegetation, the size of adult plants and the demand for space resources. For plants that grow rapidly and have large crowns, sufficient growth space needs to be reserved to avoid poor growth due to competition for space in the later stage. The planting spacing will also affect the overall protection effect of the forest and grass belt. Reasonable spacing can enable vegetation to form a continuous protective barrier while ensuring the healthy growth of individual vegetation. The reasonable value range of the parameter dimension of planting spacing is determined through observation and recording of the growth process of different plants, mathematical model prediction of vegetation growth space requirements and reference to successful ecological protection engineering cases. ;

[0042] Step S520: Perform invasion prevention and control configuration analysis on the plant ecological barrier range according to the parameter dimensions of the forest and grassland belt configuration plan to obtain available threshold values ​​of the configuration plan dimension parameters. Specifically, basic ecological data, invasive plant distribution data, and information on the parameter dimensions of the preliminarily determined forest-grass belt configuration scheme are integrated to establish a mathematical model or computer simulation model. Environmental variables, biological factors and other data under different parameter combinations are input into the model to simulate the prevention and control process of forest-grass belts on invasive plants. For example, the model considers factors such as the resource competition relationship between vegetation and invasive plants, the influence of vegetation on wind speed and airflow and thus the blocking effect on seed propagation. By simulating the prevention and control effects of different parameter combinations under different environmental conditions, the relationship between various parameter dimensions and the degree of influence on the prevention and control effect are analyzed. The influence of factors such as interannual changes in climate factors and dynamic changes in soil fertility on parameter thresholds is considered. For vegetation type parameters, the growth status and functional changes of different types of vegetation in different seasons are combined for analysis. For forest-grass belt width parameters, the stability and protective effect changes of forest-grass belts of different widths under extreme weather conditions (such as strong winds and heavy rains) are considered. Comprehensively considering various factors, after a large number of simulation experiments and data analysis, the parameter available threshold range of each parameter dimension is determined under the premise of being able to effectively prevent and control invasive plants, that is, the parameter combination within this range can achieve the prevention and control goals of invasive plants to a certain extent.

[0043] Step S530, multiple configuration scheme dimension parameters are selected within the available threshold of the configuration scheme dimension parameters, and the multiple configuration scheme dimension parameters are simulated and evaluated to obtain multiple configuration scheme control effects. Specifically, within the determined parameter available threshold range, multiple different configuration scheme dimension parameter combinations are selected by random sampling, uniform distribution sampling, etc., and the selected parameter combinations are input into the model using professional simulation software or a self-built ecosystem model. The model simulates the growth process of the forest and grass belt in the target study area, the interaction process with the invasive plants, and the impact process on the ecological environment according to the set algorithm and rules, and determines the index system for evaluating the control effect of the forest and grass belt, such as the proportion of the diffusion area of ​​invasive plants, the decline in the number of invasive plant populations, the increase in the coverage of forest and grass belt vegetation, and the ecosystem service function improvement index (such as soil conservation increase, water conservation increase, etc.). Through the operation and output results of the simulation model, the control effect value corresponding to each parameter combination is calculated according to the evaluation index, thereby obtaining multiple configuration scheme control effects, providing a data basis for subsequent parameter optimization.

[0044] Step S540, based on the control effects of the multiple configuration schemes, the available thresholds of the dimension parameters of the configuration schemes are globally optimized, and the parameters of the forest and grass belt configuration optimization scheme are output. Specifically, a suitable optimization algorithm is selected, such as a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm, etc., and the control effects of multiple configuration schemes are used as input data of the algorithm. The algorithm performs iterative search within the parameter available threshold range according to the set objective function (such as maximizing the control effect, minimizing the cost, etc.). In the genetic algorithm, by simulating the inheritance, mutation and selection operations in the biological evolution process, new parameter combinations are continuously generated and their fitness (i.e., control effect) is evaluated; the particle swarm optimization algorithm simulates the foraging behavior of bird flocks, and the particles continuously adjust their positions in the solution space according to their own experience and group experience to find the optimal solution. After multiple iterative optimizations, the algorithm finds the parameter combination that makes the control effect optimal or close to the optimal within the parameter available threshold range. These parameters are the forest and grass belt configuration optimization scheme parameters, and the parameters are output, which provide a scientific and accurate basis for the actual ecological barrier forest and grass belt construction and plant invasion control, so as to achieve efficient and sustainable plant invasion control goals.

[0045] In one possible implementation, based on the prevention and control effects of the multiple configuration schemes, global optimization is performed on the available thresholds of the configuration scheme dimension parameters, and the forest and grass belt configuration optimization scheme parameters are output. Step S540 further includes step S541, performing gradient ascent rate calculation on the prevention and control effects of the multiple configuration schemes to obtain the gradient ascent rate of the multi-directional scheme effects. Specifically, we first define the specific indicators used to measure the control effect of the configuration scheme, including the proportion of the reduction in the spread area of ​​invasive plants, the decline in the number of invasive plant populations, the increase in the coverage of forest and grassland belt vegetation, and the improvement of ecosystem service functions (such as increased soil conservation and water conservation). For each configuration scheme, we obtain the specific values ​​of these indicators through simulation evaluation or actual monitoring, and construct a multi-dimensional control effect vector. For the control effect vectors of multiple configuration schemes, we use numerical calculation methods to calculate their gradient rise rate, and use each configuration scheme parameter dimension as a variable to observe the change of the control effect through small parameter changes. For example, for the vegetation type parameter, we change the vegetation type combination within a certain range and observe the change of the control effect indicator; for the forest and grassland belt width parameter, we slightly increase or decrease the width, record the corresponding change of control effect, and use mathematical formulas to calculate the change rate of the control effect in each parameter dimension direction, that is, the gradient rise rate. For the multi-dimensional control effect vector, we can calculate the gradient rise rate of the scheme effect in multiple directions, which reflects the degree of influence of different parameter change directions on the control effect.

[0046] Step S542, based on the multi-directional scheme effect gradient rising rate, the available threshold of the configuration scheme dimension parameter is approximated to the optimal region, and the configuration scheme parameter optimal region is obtained. Specifically, the relationship between the calculated multi-directional scheme effect gradient rising rate and the configuration scheme dimension parameter is carefully analyzed. If the gradient rising rate in a certain parameter direction is large, it means that adjusting the parameter in this direction may bring about a large improvement in the prevention and control effect. On the contrary, if the gradient rising rate is small, it means that further adjusting the parameter in this direction has a relatively small effect on the prevention and control effect. According to the analysis results of the multi-directional scheme effect gradient rising rate, the available threshold of the configuration scheme dimension parameter is approximated to the optimal region. For the parameter direction with a large gradient rising rate, the parameter search range in this direction is appropriately expanded; for the direction with a small gradient rising rate, the search range can be narrowed. In this way, the possible optimal parameter region is gradually narrowed to obtain the configuration scheme parameter optimal region. The region is based on the initial parameter available threshold, and is determined after analyzing the gradient rising rate to be more likely to contain the optimal parameter combination.

[0047] Step S543, performing iterative regional approximation and regional global optimization on the configuration scheme parameter optimization area to obtain the forest-grass belt configuration optimization scheme parameters. Specifically, according to the above steps, the gradient rise rate calculation is performed again on the newly determined configuration scheme parameter optimization area, and a more detailed analysis is performed on the prevention and control effects of multiple configuration schemes in a smaller parameter area to calculate a more accurate gradient rise rate. According to the new rise rate result, the parameter search range is further adjusted to perform a new round of regional approximation. This process is repeated to continuously narrow the parameter optimization area so that the search range is closer and closer to the area where the optimal parameter combination is located. After multiple iterations of regional approximation, a relatively small parameter area is obtained. The area is globally optimized and a more complex optimization algorithm or a more sophisticated search strategy is adopted. For example, a global optimization algorithm such as a simulated annealing algorithm and a taboo search algorithm can be used to conduct a comprehensive search in this smaller area to find the parameter combination that optimizes the prevention and control effect. In the global optimization process, the interaction and constraint relationship between the various parameters are fully considered to ensure that the parameter combination found not only performs well in a single parameter dimension, but also can achieve the best prevention and control effect as a whole. Finally, the parameters of the forest and grassland belt configuration optimization scheme are obtained to provide the most optimized design scheme for the construction of ecological barrier forest and grassland belts.

[0048] The embodiment of the present application collects basic ecological data (including geographical boundaries and terrain data) of the target study area, generates an ecological thematic map after preprocessing and visual annotation; investigates and counts the invasive plant distribution data of the target area, and maps it to the ecological thematic map to generate an invasive plant distribution thematic map; determines the invasion source, invasion path and protection area through spatial analysis and diffusion path analysis; conducts a grade assessment of the protection area based on the invasion distribution data, superimposes the invasion path and risk level information, and determines the scope of the ecological barrier; constructs an ecological barrier forest and grass belt system, and implements plant invasion prevention and control by optimizing the analysis output configuration plan, thereby achieving the technical effect of optimizing the prevention and control effect of invasive plants in the target study area and effectively preventing the spread of invasive plants.

[0049] The above specific implementation manner does not constitute a limitation to the protection scope of the present application. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the present application can be performed in an order different from that in the embodiment and can still achieve the desired results. In addition, the process depicted in the accompanying drawings does not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the configuration of ecological barrier forest and grass belts for plant invasion prevention and control in plateau mountains, characterized in that: The method comprises: Collect and obtain basic ecological data information of the target research area, the basic ecological data information includes geographic boundary data and terrain data, pre-process the basic ecological data information and perform data visualization annotation to obtain an ecological thematic map; Investigate and obtain the invasive plant distribution data of the target research area, map the invasive plant distribution data and place it on the ecological thematic map for marking, and obtain an invasive plant distribution thematic map; Perform invasion space analysis and diffusion path analysis on the invasive plant distribution data, determine the target plant invasion source and plant invasion path, and obtain the target plant invasion source and the intervention protection area of ​​the target protection object; Based on the invasive plant distribution data, the invasive plant level of the intervention protection area is evaluated to determine the invasive plant risk level information, and the invasive plant distribution thematic map is used to spatially superimpose the plant invasion path and the invasive plant risk level information to determine the range of the plant ecological barrier; Construct an ecological barrier forest and grass belt system, perform configuration optimization analysis on the range of the plant ecological barrier based on the ecological barrier forest and grass belt system, output forest and grass belt configuration optimization scheme parameters, and perform plant invasion prevention and control on the target research area based on the forest and grass belt configuration optimization scheme parameters; The output forest and grass belt configuration optimization scheme parameters include: Determine the parameter dimensions of the forest and grassland belt configuration plan based on the ecological barrier forest and grassland belt system; Perform invasion prevention and control configuration analysis on the plant ecological barrier range according to the parameter dimensions of the forest and grass belt configuration plan to obtain available thresholds of the configuration plan dimension parameters; Selecting multiple configuration scheme dimension parameters within the available threshold of the configuration scheme dimension parameters, performing simulation evaluation on the multiple configuration scheme dimension parameters, and obtaining multiple configuration scheme prevention and control effects; Based on the prevention and control effects of the multiple configuration schemes, global optimization of parameters is performed on the available thresholds of the configuration scheme dimension parameters, and the parameters of the forest-grass belt configuration optimization scheme are output.

2. The method for optimizing the configuration of ecological barrier forest and grass belts for preventing and controlling plant invasion in plateau mountains as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of ecological thematic maps includes: Acquire a data preprocessing program, wherein the data preprocessing program includes data format conversion, projection conversion, resampling, and extraction by mask; Preprocessing the basic ecological data information through the data preprocessing program to obtain standard basic ecological data information; Use GIS to perform spatial analysis and ecological feature identification on the standard basic ecological data information to obtain regional ecological feature element data; An ecological legend annotation symbol library is constructed, and the ecological characteristic element data of the region is visually annotated based on the ecological legend annotation symbol library to obtain the ecological thematic map.

3. The method for optimizing the configuration of ecological barrier forest and grass belts for preventing and controlling plant invasion in plateau mountains as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The invasive plant distribution thematic map obtained includes: Extracting distribution elements from the invasive plant distribution data to obtain invasive plant distribution feature information, wherein the invasive plant distribution feature information includes plant species, growth environment, distribution range, density, vegetation height, and vegetation mutualism and mutualism; Performing feature integration and identification on the invasive plant distribution data according to the invasive plant distribution feature information to obtain invasive plant distribution feature data; Set up feature data layer annotations based on plant invasion prevention and control objectives to obtain a plant distribution feature annotation symbol library; The invasive plant distribution characteristic data mapping is imported into the ecological thematic map, and the plant distribution is marked on the ecological thematic map after the data is imported through the plant distribution characteristic annotation symbol library to obtain the invasive plant distribution thematic map.

4. The method for optimizing the configuration of ecological barrier forest and grass belts for preventing and controlling plant invasion in plateau mountains as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the target plant invasion source and plant invasion path includes: Performing invasion history traceback on the invasive plant distribution data to obtain invasive plant history record information, wherein the invasive plant history record information includes existing invasion source information and corresponding invasive plant distribution environment data; Perform spatial overlay analysis and distribution environment analysis on the historical record information of invasive plants to determine the distribution environment characteristic information of the source of invasive plants; Based on the distribution environment characteristic information of the invasive plant source and the ecological thematic map, spatial correlation analysis and associated clustering identification are performed to obtain potential plant invasion sources; Performing population genetic analysis on the invasive plant distribution data to obtain invasive plant genetic analysis information, performing similarity comparison between the invasive plant genetic analysis information and the potential plant invasion source, and determining the target plant invasion source; The invasive plant distribution data is analyzed for diffusion paths and path verification and refinement using GIS and the invasive plant genetic analysis information to determine the plant invasion path.

5. The method for optimizing the configuration of the ecological barrier forest and grass belt for preventing and controlling plant invasion in plateau mountains as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: Determining the plant invasion path includes: Using GIS to perform nearest neighbor analysis and diffusion path analysis on the invasive plant distribution data to obtain diffusion path parameter information, wherein the diffusion path parameter information includes nearest neighbor distance, diffusion direction and diffusion path; Constructing the potential invasion directional path information of plants according to the diffusion path parameter information; Conducting feasibility analysis and path optimization adjustment on the potential invasion directional path information of the plants to obtain feasible invasion path information of the plants; Based on the invasive plant genetic analysis information, the feasible plant invasion path information is verified, refined and corrected to determine the plant invasion path.

6. The method for optimizing the configuration of ecological barrier forest and grass belts for preventing and controlling plant invasion in plateau mountains as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The information on determining the risk level of invasive plants includes: Obtaining plant invasion risk factors, including ecological characteristics, distribution range status and frequency, natural geographical distribution of origin, invasion range, species harmfulness, and human factors; According to the plant invasion risk factors and based on the invasive plant distribution data, the invasive plant level assessment is performed on the intervention protection area to obtain multi-risk factor assessment parameter information; Analyzing the impact degree of each factor in the plant invasion risk factor to obtain the impact weight factor information of the invasion risk factor; Based on the invasion risk factor impact weight factor information, a risk level weighted assessment is performed on the multiple risk factor assessment parameter information to determine the invasive plant risk level information.

7. The method for optimizing the configuration of ecological barrier forest and grass belts for preventing and controlling plant invasion in plateau mountains as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The output of the forest-grass belt configuration optimization scheme parameters includes: Calculate the gradient rising rate of the prevention and control effects of the multiple configuration schemes to obtain the gradient rising rate of the multi-directional scheme effects; Based on the gradient rising rate of the multi-directional scheme effect, the available threshold of the configuration scheme dimension parameter is approximated to the optimization region to obtain the configuration scheme parameter optimization region; Iterative regional approximation and regional global optimization are performed on the optimization area of ​​the configuration scheme parameters to obtain the parameters of the forest-grass belt configuration optimization scheme.

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