A cell matching system that can extend the lifespan of a battery pack

Abstract

A cell matching system capable of extending the life of a battery pack belongs to the technical field of control systems, and particularly relates to a cell matching system capable of extending the life of a battery pack. The present invention provides a circuit hardware basis for a cell matching system capable of extending the life of a battery pack. The present invention includes a local host processor part, a node host and touch screen connection communication part, a host RS485 communication part, a node data upload part, a node host power supply part, a battery charging current acquisition part, a battery voltage acquisition part, a battery charge and discharge circuit part, an ADC acquisition post-filtering circuit part, a slave processor part, a slave RS485 communication part, a slave power supply part, a slave cell temperature control circuit part, and a battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of control systems, and particularly relates to a cell matching system that can extend the service life of a battery pack. Background Art

[0002] The internal of a battery pack consists of multiple single batteries (cells). The performance of each single battery will directly affect the performance of the overall battery pack (barrel effect). If the voltage of a single battery is too low, the internal resistance is too large, and the charge and discharge current is too low, it will greatly slow down the overall performance.

[0003] The higher the performance and consistency of each single battery, the better the performance of the battery pack. Since there are differences in the performance of each single battery, in order to accurately measure the performance of a single battery, it is necessary to measure each single battery one by one, centrally compare, and group according to the test results.

[0004] There are a large number of single batteries in the battery pack, and there are high requirements for the measurement accuracy. Therefore, during the battery measurement process, the measurement speed is slow. The charge and discharge characteristics of each single battery are different. To obtain accurate battery characteristics, the accurate method is to test each single battery. Since the battery pack is composed of multiple single batteries connected in series and parallel, testing each single battery takes a long time and the overall speed is slow. Measuring one by one, only one single battery is measured each time, and the test speed is slow under the rated charge and discharge current, and the external interference is large (lithium batteries are sensitive to temperature. The lower the temperature, the lower its capacity. Both lower and higher temperatures affect the actual measurement accuracy. When the temperature is unstable, the measurement is not accurate enough). Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims at the above problems and provides a circuit hardware basis for a cell matching system that can extend the service life of a battery pack.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions. The present invention includes a local host processor part, a node host and touch screen connection and communication part, a host RS485 communication part, a node data upload part, a node host power supply part, a battery charging current acquisition part, a battery voltage acquisition part, a battery charge and discharge circuit part, an ADC acquisition and post-filtering circuit part, a slave processor part, a slave RS485 communication part, a slave power supply part, a slave cell temperature control circuit part, and a battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part. It is characterized in that the signal transmission ports of the local host processor part are respectively connected to the signal transmission ports of the node host and touch screen connection and communication part, the signal transmission ports of the host RS485 communication part, and the signal transmission ports of the node data upload part. The power output ports of the node host power supply part are respectively connected to the power ports of the local host processor part, the power ports of the node host and touch screen connection and communication part, the power ports of the host RS485 communication part, and the power ports of the node data upload part;

[0007] The detection signal input ports of the slave processor part are respectively connected to the detection signal output ports of the battery charging current acquisition part, the battery voltage acquisition part, and the detection signal output ports of the battery charge and discharge circuit. The control signal output port of the slave processor part is connected to the control signal input port of the battery charge and discharge circuit. The signal transmission port of the slave processor part is connected to the signal transmission port of the slave RS485 communication part. The detection signal input port of the battery charging current acquisition part is connected to the output port of the ADC acquisition and post-filtering circuit part. The input port of the ADC acquisition and post-filtering circuit part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charge and discharge circuit. The detection signal input port of the battery voltage acquisition part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charge and discharge circuit. The input port of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charge and discharge circuit. The output port of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part is connected to the detection signal input port of the slave processor part. The power output ports of the slave power supply part are respectively connected to the power ports of the battery charging current acquisition part, the power ports of the battery voltage acquisition part, the power ports of the battery charge and discharge circuit part, the power ports of the ADC acquisition and post-filtering circuit part, the power ports of the slave processor part, the power ports of the slave RS485 communication part, the power ports of the slave cell temperature control circuit part, and the power ports of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part. The control signal input port of the slave cell temperature control circuit part is connected to the control signal output port of the slave processor part;

[0008] The local host processor part communicates with the slave host processor part through the host RS485 communication part and the slave RS485 communication part. The battery charging current acquisition part and the battery voltage acquisition part collect the current and voltage of the single battery, the battery charge and discharge circuit part controls the charge and discharge of the single battery, and the slave cell temperature control circuit part controls the temperature of the single battery.

[0009] As a preferred solution, for the local host processor of the present invention, pins 47 and 48 of the STM32F407VGT6 chip U6 are respectively connected to PB10-U9 and PB11-U9 correspondingly. Pins 62-64 and 67-69 of U6 are respectively connected to PD15-U9, COM6_TXD, COM6_RXD, RTC_CE, COM1_TXD, and COM1_RXD correspondingly. Pins 80 and 83 of U6 are respectively connected to COM5_TXD and COM5_RXD correspondingly.

[0010] As another preferred solution, the connection and communication part between the node host and the touch screen of the present invention includes the SP3232 chip U53 and the DC19108PW215 human-machine interaction touch screen P34. Pins 11-14 of U53 are respectively connected to PB10-U9, PB11-U9, RS232_RX, and RS232_TX correspondingly; pins 4 and 5 of P34 are respectively connected to RS232_TX and RS232_RX correspondingly.

[0011] As another preferred solution, the host RS485 communication part of the present invention includes the SP3485EN-L / TR chips U55 and U56. Pin 1 of U55 is connected to COM6_RXD, pins 2 and 3 of U55 are connected to PD15-U9, and pin 4 of U55 is connected to COM6_TXD; pin 7 of U55 is connected to pin 1 of the ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 filter L63. Pin 4 of L63 is connected to pin 1 of the connector P35 through the inductor L62. Pin 3 of P35 is connected to pin 3 of L63 through the inductor L64, and pin 2 of L63 is connected to pin 6 of U55;

[0012] Pin 1 of U56 is connected to COM1_RXD, pins 2 and 3 of U56 are connected to RTC_CE, and pin 4 of U56 is connected to COM1_TXD; pin 7 of U56 is connected to pin 1 of the ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 filter L66. Pin 4 of L66 is connected to pin 1 of the connector P36 through the inductor L65. Pin 3 of P36 is connected to pin 3 of L66 through the inductor L67, and pin 2 of L66 is connected to pin ⑥ of U56.

[0013] As another preferred solution, the node data uploading part of the present invention includes Q560 module U54, and the 4th and 5th pins of U54 are respectively connected to COM5-RXD and COM5-TXD correspondingly.

[0014] As another preferred solution, the node host power supply part of the present invention includes UU9.8-20MH common mode inductor L68, XL2596-5.0 chip U57 and AMS1117-3.3 chip U58. The 1st pin of L68 is connected to the 3rd pin of connector P37 through fuse F5, the 1st pin of P37 is connected to the 4th pin of L68, the 2nd pin of L68 is connected to +24V through inductor L69, and the 3rd pin of L68 is connected to GND through inductor L72;

[0015] The 1st pin of U57 is connected to +24V, and the 2nd pin of U57 is connected to +5V through inductor L71;

[0016] The 3rd pin of U58 is connected to +5V, and the 2nd pin of U58 is connected to +3.3V through bead L70.

[0017] As another preferred solution, the battery charging current acquisition part of the present invention adopts STM32F070F6 chip U1, and the 6th to 14th pins of U1 are connected to ADC0-U1, and the 17th and 18th pins of U1 are respectively connected to PA9-U1 and PA10-U1 correspondingly.

[0018] As another preferred solution, the battery voltage acquisition part of the present invention adopts STM32F070F6 chip U2, and the 6th to 14th pins of U2 are connected to ADC1-U2, and the 17th and 18th pins of U2 are respectively connected to PA1-U2 and PA10-U2 correspondingly.

[0019] As another preferred solution, the battery charge and discharge circuit part of the present invention includes PNP triode Q7. The emitter of Q7 is connected to +12V, the base of Q7 is connected to the collector of the output end of EL357 chip OP40 through resistor R118. The emitter of the output end of OP40 is respectively connected to GND and one end of resistor R124, and the other end of R124 is connected to ADC0; the anode of the input end of OP40 is connected to PWM, and the cathode of the input end of OP40 is connected to GND through resistor R121;

[0020] The collector of Q7 is connected to one end of resistor R116, pin 1 of connector P27, and the drain of NCE4060K tube Q10 through inductor L48. Pin 2 of P27 is connected to ADC0 through a cooling plate. The other end of R116 is connected to ADC1-U2 and one end of resistor R123 through resistor R119. The other end of R123 is connected to ADC0. The gate of Q10 is connected to the emitter of the output end of EL357 chip OP31, the collector of OP31 output end is connected to +12V, the anode of OP31 input end is connected to TI M2, and the cathode of OP31 input end is connected to GND through resistor R152. The source of Q10 is connected to pins 1 and 2 of CC6902 module U59, pin 8 of U59 is connected to CH1-, and pins 3 and 4 of U59 are connected to ADC0. Pin 2 of DS18B20 chip U45 is connected to PB1; pin 2 of DS18B20 chip U44 is connected to PB0.

[0021] As another preferred solution, the ADC post-acquisition filtering circuit part of the present invention includes an AD620BRZ chip U46, pin 3 of U46 is connected to ADC0, pin 6 of U46 is connected to pin 3 of the AD8541 chip U47 through inductors L49 to L53 in sequence, and pin 1 of U47 is connected to ADC0-U1.

[0022] As another preferred solution, the slave master processor part of the present invention adopts the STM32F030CCT6 chip U3, pins 2 and 3 of U3 are respectively connected to SCL and SDA, pins 10 to 22 of U3 are respectively connected to PA10-U1, PA9-U1, PA10-U2, PA9-U2, PA4 to PA7, PB0 to PB2, PB10, and PB11, pins 29, 30, 32 to 34, 37 to 43, 45, and 46 of U3 are respectively connected to PWM, TI M2, PA11, PA12, TMS, TCK, PA15, and PB3 to PB9; pins 1 to 8 of the 2.54*8 dip switch U52 are respectively connected to PB7 to PB3, PA15, PA12, and PA11; pins 1, 2, 5, and 6 of the W25Q128JVS IQTR chip U48 are respectively connected to PA4, PA7, PA6, and PA5.

[0023] As another preferred embodiment, the slave RS485 communication part of the present invention includes an SP3485EN-L / TR chip U51, pins 1 to 4 of U51 are respectively connected to PB11, PB2, PB2, and PB10, pin 7 of U51 is connected to pin 1 of the ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 common-mode filter L58, pin 4 of L58 is connected to pin 1 of the connector P32 through the inductor L57, pin 2 of P32 is connected to pin 3 of L58 through the inductor L59, and pin 2 of L58 is connected to pin 6 of U51.

[0024] As another preferred solution, the slave power supply part of the present invention includes a UU9.8-20MH common mode inductor L13. The pin 1 of L13 is connected to the pin 3 of the connector P33 through a fuse F1. The pin 1 of P33 is connected to the pin 4 of L13. The pin 3 of L13 is connected to GND through an inductor L16. The pin 2 of L13 is connected to +12V through an inductor L14.

[0025] +12V is connected to the pin 1 of the XL2596-5.0 module U49. The pin 2 of U49 is connected to +5V through an inductor L56.

[0026] +5V is connected to the pin 3 of the AMS1117-3.3 module U50. The pin 2 of U50 is connected to +3.3V through a bead L55.

[0027] One end of the inductor L54 is connected to +3.3V, and the other end of L54 is connected to +3.3VA through a resistor R132.

[0028] Secondly, the slave core temperature control circuit part of the present invention includes an NPN transistor Q8 and an NPN transistor Q9. The base of Q8 is connected to PB9 through a resistor R120. The emitter of Q8 is connected to GND. The collector of Q8 is connected to the pin 16 of the SM I-05 relay K7. The pin 1 of K7 is connected to +5V. The pin 4 of K7 is connected to +12V. The pin 13 of K7 is connected to GND. The pins 8 and 9 of K7 are respectively connected to the pins 2 and 1 of the TEC1-12706 refrigeration chip P28 correspondingly.

[0029] The base of Q9 is connected to PB8 through a resistor R127. The emitter of Q9 is connected to GND. The collector of Q9 is connected to the pin 16 of the SM I-05 relay K8. The pin 1 of K8 is connected to +5V. The pin 4 of K8 is connected to +12V. The pin 13 of K8 is connected to GND. The pins 8 and 9 of K8 are respectively connected to the pins 1 and 2 of the TEC1-12706 refrigeration chip P28 correspondingly.

[0030] In addition, the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part of the present invention includes an AD8541 chip U60. The pin 1 of U60 is connected to the pin 1 of the MS1100A0 chip U61. The pins 3 and 4 of U61 are respectively connected to SCL and SDA correspondingly. The pin 3 of U60 is successively connected to the pin 3 of the BAV199 tube D53, one end of a resistor R156, and one end of a resistor R157 through resistors R155 and R154. The other end of R156 is connected to CH1-. The other end of R157 is connected to VGND. The pin 2 of D53 is connected to +3.3V. The pin 1 of D53 is connected to VGND.

[0031] Advantages of the present invention.

[0032] The local host processor part of the present invention communicates with the host RS485 communication part, and the RS485 communication part can communicate with multiple slave RS485 communication parts. One RS485 communication part corresponds to one slave main processor part. The battery charging current acquisition part and the battery voltage acquisition part can collect the current and voltage of a single battery cell. The battery charge and discharge circuit part can control the charge and discharge of a single battery cell. The slave cell temperature control circuit part can control the temperature of a single battery cell. Figures 6 to 15 It is the circuit diagram of a slave.

[0033] The slave main processor part receives the commands sent by the local host processor part through the RS485 communication part, controls the charge and discharge of a single battery cell through the battery charge and discharge circuit part, and saves the charge and discharge data (saved in U48). After the battery charging is completed, the data is sent to the local host processor part. The local host processor part groups the batteries according to the charge and discharge data. When the parameters are similar (the ampere-hour number of charge and discharge can be set within 0.1%, or it can be set through the touch screen according to the requirements of each batch). After the grouping is allocated, the LED of E1 on the slave will be lit. All the single battery cells with E1 lit are the parameter approximation groups and can form a battery pack to complete the best match. The single battery cell corresponding to the slave with E1 not lit can be marked, and the single battery cell is saved in the cloud database for data matching during the next test. In the later stage, the matching parameters can be reset for the single battery cells that have not been successfully matched, and the single battery cells with similar parameters are grouped into the same battery pack. The single battery cells with a large difference between the detected parameters and the set parameters are unqualified products.

[0034] The slave cell temperature control circuit part of the present invention can keep each single battery cell at a suitable constant measurement temperature, making the measurement more accurate.

[0035] The node data upload part of the present invention can send data to the cloud. When multiple hosts and full slave machines are working, the cloud performs matching and groups the batteries under the entire cloud, greatly improving the success rate of temperature matching. It will not be unable to complete grouping due to a single few batteries with extremely high or low performance. For example, 4 hosts are connected to the cloud, and each host is connected to 500 slave machines to measure 500 single batteries simultaneously. At the same time, 4 hosts conduct tests. After the tests are completed, a total of 2000 single batteries are grouped. Because the data is transmitted to the cloud simultaneously, through cloud data matching (the matching strategy can adopt the aforementioned whether the ampere-hour meets the set value), after a group is matched, the completed data is sent down to the host, and the host sends a command to light up E1 of the respective slave machines that are successfully grouped (that is, the light-emitting diode E1 connected to pin 25 of U3). The success rate of grouping 2000 batteries is higher than that of 500 batteries. Based on the cloud, it is also a host in the same test environment, but only measures a larger number at the same time, and the grouping success rate and efficiency are higher. After successful grouping, the successfully grouped single batteries are combined into a battery pack.

[0036] The present invention accurately measures the parameters of single batteries and accurately groups them based on multiple data (single batteries), forms a battery pack with single batteries having close parameters, and can accurately detect the charging AH (ampere-hour) and discharging AH through the battery charging current acquisition part and the battery voltage acquisition part, so as to clearly label the nominal capacity of the battery pack. After labeling, it is used according to the actual capacity. When the battery pack is used within the rated capacity range, it is safer and has a longer lifespan.

[0037] The present invention is designed as a low-cost single battery charging slave machine module, which is inexpensive. One host corresponds to multiple slave machines working simultaneously, with fast detection speed and high detection accuracy. Description of the Drawings

[0038] The following further describes the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited only to the expressions of the following content.

[0039] Figure 1 It is the circuit schematic diagram of the local host processor part of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 It is the circuit schematic diagram of the connection and communication part between the node host and the touch screen of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 It is the circuit schematic diagram of the host RS485 communication part of the present invention.

[0042] [[ID=]]Figure 4 It is the circuit schematic diagram of the node data upload part of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 5 It is the circuit schematic diagram of the node host power supply part of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 6 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the battery charging current acquisition part of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 7 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the battery voltage acquisition part of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 8 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the battery charge and discharge circuit part of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 9 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the post-ADC acquisition filter circuit part of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 10 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the slave main processor part of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 11 、 13 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the slave power supply part of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 12 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the slave RS485 communication part of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 14 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the slave cell temperature control circuit part of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 15 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 16 This is the principle block diagram of the multi-master use of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0054] As shown in the figure, the present invention includes a local host processor part, a node host and touch screen connection communication part, a host RS485 communication part, a node data upload part, a node host power supply part, a battery charging current acquisition part, a battery voltage acquisition part, a battery charge and discharge circuit part, a post-ADC acquisition filter circuit part, a slave main processor part, a slave RS485 communication part, a slave power supply part, a slave cell temperature control circuit part, and a battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part. The signal transmission ports of the local host processor part are respectively connected to the signal transmission ports of the node host and touch screen connection communication part, the host RS485 communication part, and the node data upload part. The power output ports of the node host power supply part are respectively connected to the power ports of the local host processor part, the node host and touch screen connection communication part, the host RS485 communication part, and the node data upload part;

[0055] The detection signal input ports of the slave main processor part are respectively connected to the detection signal output ports of the battery charging current acquisition part, the battery voltage acquisition part, and the detection signal output port of the battery charge and discharge circuit. The control signal output port of the slave main processor part is connected to the control signal input port of the battery charge and discharge circuit. The signal transmission port of the slave main processor part is connected to the signal transmission port of the slave RS485 communication part. The detection signal input port of the battery charging current acquisition part is connected to the output port of the ADC acquisition and post-filtering circuit part. The input port of the ADC acquisition and post-filtering circuit part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charge and discharge circuit. The detection signal input port of the battery voltage acquisition part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charge and discharge circuit. The input port of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charge and discharge circuit. The output port of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part is connected to the detection signal input port of the slave main processor part. The power output ports of the slave power supply part are respectively connected to the power ports of the battery charging current acquisition part, the battery voltage acquisition part, the battery charge and discharge circuit part, the ADC acquisition and post-filtering circuit part, the slave main processor part, the slave RS485 communication part, the slave cell temperature control circuit part, and the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part. The control signal input port of the slave cell temperature control circuit part is connected to the control signal output port of the slave main processor part.

[0056] The present invention provides a touch screen connection and communication part. Through the touch screen, the characteristic curves of each single battery can be viewed and the charge and discharge parameters can be set. The charge and discharge parameters of the battery, such as charge and discharge current, cut-off voltage, etc., can be set through the screen.

[0057] The local host processor uses the STM32F407VGT6 chip. Pins 47 and 48 of U6 are respectively connected to PB10-U9 and PB11-U9 correspondingly. Pins 62-64 and 67-69 of U6 are respectively connected to PD15-U9, COM6_TXD, COM6_RXD, RTC_CE, COM1_TXD, and COM1_RXD correspondingly. Pins 80 and 83 of U6 are respectively connected to COM5_TXD and COM5_RXD correspondingly.

[0058] The node host and the touch screen connection and communication part include the SP3232 chip U53 and the DC19108PW215 human-machine interaction touch screen P34. Pins 11-14 of U53 are respectively connected to PB10-U9, PB11-U9, RS232_RX, and RS232_TX correspondingly. Pins 4 and 5 of P34 are respectively connected to RS232_TX and RS232_RX correspondingly.

[0059] U53 is used for the TTL to RS232 conversion of the single-chip microcomputer communication interface and is used to communicate with the touch screen with an RS232 interface.

[0060] The RS485 communication part of the host includes SP3485EN-L / TR chips U55 and U56. The 1st pin of U55 is connected to COM6_RXD, the 2nd and 3rd pins of U55 are connected to PD15-U9, and the 4th pin of U55 is connected to COM6_TXD; the 7th pin of U55 is connected to the 1st pin of the ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 filter L63. The 4th pin of L63 is connected to the 1st pin of the connector P35 through the inductor L62. The 3rd pin of P35 is connected to the 3rd pin of L63 through the inductor L64, and the 2nd pin of L63 is connected to the 6th pin of U55;

[0061] The 1st pin of U56 is connected to COM1_RXD, the 2nd and 3rd pins of U56 are connected to RTC_CE, and the 4th pin of U56 is connected to COM1_TXD; the 7th pin of U56 is connected to the 1st pin of the ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 filter L66. The 4th pin of L66 is connected to the 1st pin of the connector P36 through the inductor L65. The 3rd pin of P36 is connected to the 3rd pin of L66 through the inductor L67, and the 2nd pin of L66 is connected to the 6th pin of U56.

[0062] The 1st pin of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is used for the output of communication data to connect to the reception of the single-chip microcomputer communication data. The 2nd and 3rd pins of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip are used to select whether it is in the RS485 transmission mode or the reception mode. The 4th pin of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is used for the input of communication data to connect to the output of the single-chip microcomputer communication data. L63 is used to filter out the common-mode interference on the communication bus. L62 and L64 are used to filter out the transient interference on the bus. D46~D48 are used for transient overvoltage protection. It can prevent the interference generated by the start and stop of large charging and discharging components such as high-power motors, electric fans, and capacitors from causing the RS485 chip to be in a dead state.

[0063] Such as Figure 3 、 16 As shown, there is 1 node host with 2 RS485 communication lines, and each RS485 bus can be connected to 255 single battery detection slave machines.

[0064] The node data upload part includes the Q560 module U54, and the 4th and 5th pins of U54 are respectively connected to COM5-RXD and COM5-TXD correspondingly.

[0065] The power supply part of the node host includes a common mode inductor L68 of UU9.8 - 20MH, a chip U57 of XL2596 - 5.0, and a chip U58 of AMS1117 - 3.3. The pin 1 of L68 is connected to the pin 3 of a connector P37 (P37 is externally connected to a 24V DC power supply) through a fuse F5. The pin 1 of P37 is connected to the pin 4 of L68. The pin 2 of L68 is connected to +24V through an inductor L69. The pin 3 of L68 is connected to GND through an inductor L72.

[0066] The pin 1 of U57 is connected to +24V. The pin 2 of U57 is connected to +5V through an inductor L71.

[0067] The pin 3 of U58 is connected to +5V. The pin 2 of U58 is connected to +3.3V through a bead L70.

[0068] The battery charging current acquisition part uses a chip U1 of STM32F070F6. The pins 6 - 14 of U1 are connected to ADC0 - U1. The pins 17 and 18 of U1 are respectively connected to PA9 - U1 and PA10 - U1 correspondingly.

[0069] The battery voltage acquisition part uses a chip U2 of STM32F070F6. The pins 6 - 14 of U2 are connected to ADC1 - U2. The pins 17 and 18 of U2 are respectively connected to PA1 - U2 and PA10 - U2 correspondingly.

[0070] The battery charging current acquisition part and the battery voltage acquisition part of the present invention use a chip of STM32F070F6. The pins 6 - 14 of the STM32F070F6 chip have both ADC acquisition function and content DMA function (a function built in the chip, this function does not require CPU parameters, automatically places the ADC acquisition value in the specified internal storage space of the single - chip microcomputer. After the acquisition is completed, the single - chip microcomputer can directly read it, and concurrent operation can be achieved). At the same moment, all pins perform concurrent acquisition, and a more accurate ADC value is obtained through average calculation. The average value is calculated in the STM32F070F6 by accumulating each acquisition value, calculating the number of acquisitions, and then total value / number of times. In addition, the cost of the STM32F070F6 chip is low.

[0071] The battery charge - discharge circuit part includes a PNP triode Q7. The emitter of Q7 is connected to +12V. The base of Q7 is connected to the collector of the output terminal of an EL357 chip OP40 through a resistor R118. The emitter of the output terminal of OP40 is respectively connected to GND and one end of a resistor R124. The other end of R124 is connected to ADC0. The anode of the input terminal of OP40 is connected to PWM. The cathode of the input terminal of OP40 is connected to GND through a resistor R121.

[0072] The collector of Q7 is connected to one end of resistor R116, pin 1 of connector P27, and the drain of transistor NCE4060K Q10 through inductor L48 respectively. Pin 2 of P27 is connected to ADC0 through a thermoelectric cooler. The other end of R116 is connected to ADC1-U2 and one end of resistor R123 through resistor R119 respectively. The other end of R123 is connected to ADC0. The gate of Q10 is connected to the emitter of the output terminal of EL357 chip OP31. The collector of the output terminal of OP31 is connected to +12V. The anode of the input terminal of OP31 is connected to TIM2. The cathode of the input terminal of OP31 is connected to GND through resistor R152. The source of Q10 is connected to pins 1 and 2 of CC6902 module U59. Pin 8 of U59 is connected to CH1-. Pins 3 and 4 of U59 are connected to ADC0. Pin 2 of DS18B20 chip U45 is connected to PB1. Pin 2 of DS18B20 chip U44 is connected to PB0.

[0073] R124 can use a 0.01R1 resistor to collect current and reduce power consumption.

[0074] P27 is used to connect a single battery.

[0075] Figure 8 The thermoelectric cooler in Figure 14 is the same thermoelectric cooler as the one connected to P28 in Figure 8 The thermoelectric cooler in

[0076] The battery temperature can be maintained at 23°C to 27°C by controlling the thermoelectric cooler.

[0077] R116 and R119 use 10K 1% resistors, and R123 uses a 30K 1% resistor. 1% is the error grade, with high precision and small error.

[0078] U44 and U45 are used to test the temperatures of the positive and negative copper bars of the battery to judge the cell temperature.

[0079] Discharge circuit: Detect the discharge current through U59 and detect the battery voltage through ADC1-U2.

[0080] When performing the charging ampere-hour statistics, the battery voltage is discharged to the lowest value through Q10 (the lowest value corresponds to the ADC1-U2 detected voltage of 3.7V), and the discharge current is set by the user (set through the host touch screen) (the discharge currents of different types of batteries are different). The control of the discharge current size is through TIM2 control. Q10 is operated in the variable resistance region, and through the duty cycle control of TIM2, the current of U59 is detected. When the current is too large, the duty cycle is reduced. Since Q10 is operating in the variable resistance region, its equivalent resistance value increases, and the current flowing through the drain and source of Q10 decreases accordingly, and the current of U59 decreases. Conversely, when the current is too small, the duty cycle of TIM2 increases, the gate voltage of Q10 rises, the equivalent resistance of the drain and source of Q10 decreases, the current of the drain and source increases, and the current of U59 increases. When the ADC1-U2 detects that the battery voltage drops to 3.7, the discharge stops, indicating that the current battery capacity is 0%. Preparation starts for charging.

[0081] The charging current is set by the user (the charging currents of different types of batteries are different). The charging current is detected through ADC0 and the subsequent ADC acquisition and filtering circuit, and the charging voltage is detected through ADC1-U2. When PWM is at a high level, OP40 conducts, the secondary triode conducts, and the power supply passes through R117, R118, and the secondary side of OP40 to GND. At this time, Q7 conducts because the base is at a low level (PNP transistor characteristic), and the emitter to collector conducts. Similarly, when PWM is at a low level, the OP40 triode cuts off, and because OP40 cuts off, the collector voltage of the secondary triode of OP40 is close to the power supply voltage. Since the base of Q7 is at a high level, the emitter and collector are cut off and do not conduct.

[0082] Judgment of charging end: When the battery voltage rises to the set value (the set value corresponds to the ADC1-U2 detected value of 4.3V), it is judged that the charging is over.

[0083] After Q7 conducts, the power supply stores energy in L48, and C1,44 and P27 (connected to the battery) charge the battery. After Q7 turns off, the inductor L48 continues to supply current, and continues to charge the battery through C1,44 and P27, and then through R124 and then through D44 to the other end of L48. By changing the duty cycle of PWM, the energy storage size and charging current of L48 can be changed. When the charging current is higher than the rated value, the PWM duty cycle is reduced. When the charging current is too high, the PWM duty cycle is increased. Thus, the charging current is controlled.

[0084] Both during charging and discharging, the battery temperature is controlled within the range of 23°C to 27°C.

[0085] The post-ADC acquisition filtering circuit part includes the AD620BRZ chip U46. The 3rd pin of U46 is connected to ADC0, and the 6th pin of U46 is sequentially connected to the 3rd pin of the AD8541 chip U47 through inductors L49 to L53. The 1st pin of U47 is connected to ADC0-U1. L49 to L53 and C155 to C159 form a low-pass filter. When the signal exceeds 330HZ, the attenuation is very large, filtering out high-frequency signals and protecting the useful signals from being filtered out.

[0086] U46 is an amplifier that amplifies the input weak signal by a certain multiple to reach the optimal range for the subsequent ADC circuit to collect. For example, because of the collected current (the current passes through R124, and since the resistance value of R124 is very small), the converted voltage value of the current is very small, and the single-chip microcomputer cannot detect it accurately. It is amplified 100 times through U46 to be within the optimal ADC acquisition range of the single-chip microcomputer.

[0087] The slave main processor part uses the STM32F030CCT6 chip U3. The 2nd and 3rd pins of U3 are respectively connected to SCL and SDA correspondingly. The 10th to 22nd pins of U3 are respectively connected to PA10-U1, PA9-U1, PA10-U2, PA9-U2, PA4 to PA7, PB0 to PB2, PB10, PB11 correspondingly. The 29th, 30th, 32nd to 34th, 37th to 43rd, 45th, and 46th pins of U3 are respectively connected to PWM, TIM2, PA11, PA12, TMS, TCK, PA15, PB3 to PB9 correspondingly; the 1st to 8th pins of the 2.54*8 DIP switch U52 are respectively connected to PB7 to PB3, PA15, PA12, PA11 correspondingly; the 1st, 2nd, 5th, and 6th pins of the W25Q128JVSIQTR chip U48 are respectively connected to PA4, PA7, PA6, PA5 correspondingly. U52 is used to set the ID of the slave. U48 can store the charge and discharge temperature, charge and discharge current curve, battery voltage curve, charge and discharge power curve, and total charge and discharge electrical energy.

[0088] The slave RS485 communication part includes the SP3485EN-L / TR chip U51. The 1st to 4th pins of U51 are respectively connected to PB11, PB2, PB2, PB10 correspondingly. The 7th pin of U51 is connected to the 1st pin of the ACT45B-510-2P-TL003 common-mode filter L58. The 4th pin of L58 is connected to the 1st pin of the connector P32 through the inductor L57. The 2nd pin of P32 is connected to the 3rd pin of L58 through the inductor L59. The 2nd pin of L58 is connected to the 6th pin of U51.

[0089] For RS485 communication, the measured battery characteristics are sent to the host, including the charge and discharge voltage, current, power curves, the measured battery capacity during charge and discharge, and parameters such as the battery charge and discharge current.

[0090] The slave power supply part includes a common mode inductor L13 of UU9.8 - 20MH. Pin 1 of L13 is connected to pin 3 of connector P33 through fuse F1. Pin 1 of P33 is connected to pin 4 of L13. Pin 3 of L13 is connected to GND through inductor L16. Pin 2 of L13 is connected to +12V through inductor L14.

[0091] +12V is connected to pin 1 of XL2596 - 5.0 module U49. Pin 2 of U49 is connected to +5V through inductor L56.

[0092] +5V is connected to pin 3 of AMS1117 - 3.3 module U50. Pin 2 of U50 is connected to +3.3V through bead L55.

[0093] One end of inductor L54 is connected to +3.3V, and the other end of L54 is connected to +3.3VA through resistor R132.

[0094] C164 filters high - frequency AC interference signals, C165 filters medium - frequency AC interference signals, and 166 filters low - frequency AC interference signals to ensure power supply stability.

[0095] P33 is connected to an external DC 12V power supply.

[0096] P32 is connected to the RS485 communication host P35 or P36.

[0097] The common mode inductor L13 and L14 and L16 (magnetic ring) are used to filter the instantaneous spike interference on the input +12V and GND lines. This interference often parasitizes on the power supply line and has a great impact on the backend microcontroller, causing problems such as the microcontroller crashing for no reason.

[0098] L55 is used to filter the transient interference generated by the 5V and 12V power grids and suppress the interference to +3.3V powered devices.

[0099] The slave core temperature control circuit part includes NPN transistors Q8 and Q9. The base of Q8 is connected to PB9 through resistor R120. The emitter of Q8 is connected to GND. The collector of Q8 is connected to pin 16 of SMI - 05 relay K7. Pin 1 of K7 is connected to +5V. Pin 4 of K7 is connected to +12V. Pin 13 of K7 is connected to GND. Pins 8 and 9 of K7 are respectively connected to pins 2 and 1 of TEC1 - 12706 thermoelectric cooler P28 in corresponding connection.

[0100] The base of Q9 is connected to PB8 through resistor R127. The emitter of Q9 is connected to GND. The collector of Q9 is connected to pin 16 of SMI - 05 relay K8. Pin 1 of K8 is connected to +5V. Pin 4 of K8 is connected to +12V. Pin 13 of K8 is connected to GND. Pins 8 and 9 of K8 are respectively connected to pins 1 and 2 of TEC1 - 12706 thermoelectric cooler P28 in corresponding connection.

[0101] Through the acquisition of the battery temperature by U44 and U45, when the temperature is higher than 27 degrees, PB8 is at high level, PB9 is at low level, the coil of K7 is not attracted, the coil of K8 is attracted, 12V goes from the 4th pin of K8 to the 8th pin of K8, and reaches the 1st pin of P28. At this time, the 1st pin of P28 is +, and after passing through the thermoelectric cooler, the 1st pin of P28 goes to the 2nd pin of K8 through the 9th pin of K8 to the 13th pin of K8 to GND. During this process, since the coil of K7 is not attracted, no current passes through K7.

[0102] When the temperature is lower than 23 degrees, PB8 is at low level, PB9 is at high level, K7 is attracted, K8 is disconnected, 12V goes from the 4th pin of K7 to the 8th pin of K7 to the 2nd pin of P28, passes through the thermoelectric cooler to the 1st pin of P28, passes through the 9th pin of K7 to the 13th pin of K7 to GND. At this time, the 2nd pin of P28 is 12V, and the 1st pin of P28 is GND. The bidirectional commutation function of P28 is realized through two eight-pin relays.

[0103] The relay is used to commutate the positive and negative poles of the power supply of the thermoelectric cooler. When it is in the forward direction, the thermoelectric cooler cools, and when it is in the reverse direction, the thermoelectric cooler heats, controlling the battery temperature between 23°C and 27°C.

[0104] The ADC conversion circuit part of the battery discharge current includes the AD8541 chip U60. The 1st pin of U60 is connected to the 1st pin of the MS1100A0 chip U61, and the 3rd and 4th pins of U61 are respectively connected to SCL and SDA correspondingly; the 3rd pin of U60 is successively connected to the 3rd pin of the BAV199 tube D53, one end of the resistor R156, and one end of the resistor R157 through the resistors R155 and R154. The other end of R156 is connected to CH1-, the other end of R157 is connected to VGND, the 2nd pin of D53 is connected to +3.3V, and the 1st pin of D53 is connected to VGND.

[0105] The ADC conversion circuit part of the battery discharge current amplifies the collected analog signal CH1- through U60, performs AD conversion through U61, and sends it to U3.

[0106] The CH1- signal is divided by 1 / 2 through R156 and R157 and reaches D53. D53 is an anti-interference circuit, which can filter out the interference with the voltage exceeding 3.3V.

[0107] Then it reaches the low-pass filter composed of R154, C221, R155, C220 and U60, and filters out the high-frequency part to the acquisition pin of U3.

[0108] The present invention is used to measure the single batteries inside the battery pack, and the number of measurements is large. One host of the present invention can support the measurement of 500 single batteries.

[0109] Measuring batteries is very time-consuming. One needs to fully discharge a single battery first, then fully charge it, and then fully discharge it again. The present invention supports the simultaneous measurement of multiple single batteries, with high measurement efficiency, and can find multiple groups of optimally matched batteries among multiple batteries. By comparing the ampere-hours of the measured single batteries, those with ampere-hours within the set value range are matched as a group. The set value of the ampere-hour (AH) can be input through the touch screen.

[0110] For a battery with voltage V and current I, the following formulas are used to calculate power and cumulative ampere-hours:

[0111] Power (P) = Voltage (V) × Current (I)

[0112] Charge ampere-hours = Voltage (V) × Time (t)

[0113] For example: After discharging the battery to 3.7V, it is charged. When it is charged to 4.3V, the total charging time is counted to calculate the charge ampere-hours.

[0114] Power = 4.3V × 1A × 3600 seconds = 15840 watt-hours

[0115] Cumulative ampere-hours = 4.3V × Time (assuming the time is 1 second) × 3600 seconds = 43 Wh

[0116] Real-time power = Current voltage (4.3V) × Current current (assuming 1A) × 3600 seconds = 15840 watt-hours

[0117] Real-time cumulative ampere-hours = Current voltage (4.3V) × Real-time time (assuming 1 second) × 3600 seconds = 43 Wh.

[0118] It can be understood that the above specific description of the present invention is only for explaining the present invention and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or equivalently replaced to achieve the same technical effects; as long as it meets the usage requirements, it is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cell matching system capable of extending the life of a battery pack, comprising a local host processor part, a node host and touch screen connection and communication part, a host RS485 communication part, a node data uploading part, a node host power supply part, a battery charging current acquisition part, a battery voltage acquisition part, a battery charge and discharge circuit part, an ADC acquisition and post-filtering circuit part, a slave processor part, a slave RS485 communication part, a slave power supply part, a slave cell temperature control circuit part and a battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part, characterized in that The signal transmission ports of the local host processor part are respectively connected to the signal transmission ports of the connection and communication part between the node host and the touch screen, the signal transmission port of the host RS485 communication part, and the signal transmission port of the node data upload part. The power output ports of the node host power part are respectively connected to the power ports of the local host processor part, the power ports of the connection and communication part between the node host and the touch screen, the power ports of the host RS485 communication part, and the power ports of the node data upload part; The detection signal input ports of the slave host processor part are respectively connected to the detection signal output ports of the battery charging current acquisition part, the battery voltage acquisition part, and the detection signal output port of the battery charge and discharge circuit. The control signal output port of the slave host processor part is connected to the control signal input port of the battery charge and discharge circuit. The signal transmission port of the slave host processor part is connected to the signal transmission port of the slave RS485 communication part; the detection signal input port of the battery charging current acquisition part is connected to the output port of the ADC acquisition and post-filtering circuit part. The input port of the ADC acquisition and post-filtering circuit part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charge and discharge circuit; the detection signal input port of the battery voltage acquisition part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charge and discharge circuit; the input port of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part is connected to the detection signal output port of the battery charge and discharge circuit, and the output port of the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part is connected to the detection signal input port of the slave host processor part; the power output ports of the slave power part are respectively connected to the power ports of the battery charging current acquisition part, the battery voltage acquisition part, the battery charge and discharge circuit part, the ADC acquisition and post-filtering circuit part, the slave host processor part, the slave RS485 communication part, the slave cell temperature control circuit part, and the battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part; the control signal input port of the slave cell temperature control circuit part is connected to the control signal output port of the slave host processor part; The local host processor part communicates with the slave host processor part through the host RS485 communication part and the slave RS485 communication part. The battery charging current acquisition part and the battery voltage acquisition part collect the current and voltage of the single battery. The battery charge and discharge circuit part controls the charge and discharge of the single battery. The slave cell temperature control circuit part controls the temperature of the single battery; The battery charge and discharge circuit part includes a PNP transistor Q7. The emitter of Q7 is connected to +12V. The base of Q7 is connected to the collector of the output terminal of the EL357 chip OP40 through a resistor R118. The emitter of the output terminal of OP40 is respectively connected to GND and one end of a resistor R124. The other end of R124 is connected to ADC0; The anode of the input terminal of OP40 is connected to PWM, and the cathode of the input terminal of OP40 is connected to GND through a resistor R121; The collector of Q7 is connected to one end of resistor R116, pin 1 of connector P27, and the drain of NCE4060K transistor Q10 through inductor L48 respectively. Pin 2 of P27 is connected to ADC0 through a thermoelectric cooler. The other end of R116 is connected to ADC1-U2 and one end of resistor R123 through resistor R119 respectively. The other end of R123 is connected to ADC0. The gate of Q10 is connected to the emitter of the output terminal of EL357 chip OP31. The collector of the output terminal of OP31 is connected to +12V. The anode of the input terminal of OP31 is connected to TIM2. The cathode of the input terminal of OP31 is connected to GND through resistor R152. The source of Q10 is connected to pins 1 and 2 of CC6902 module U59. Pin 8 of U59 is connected to CH1-. Pins 3 and 4 of U59 are connected to ADC0. Pin 2 of DS18B20 chip U45 is connected to PB1. Pin 2 of DS18B20 chip U44 is connected to PB0. The battery voltage acquisition part uses STM32F070F6 chip U2. Pins 6 to 14 of U2 are connected to ADC1-U2. The ADC acquisition and filtering circuit part includes AD620BRZ chip U46. Pin 3 of U46 is connected to ADC0. The slave main processor part uses STM32F030CCT6 chip U3. Pin 30 of U3 is connected to TIM2. Pin 19 of U3 is connected to PB1. Pin 18 of U3 is connected to PB0. The battery discharge current ADC conversion circuit part includes AD8541 chip U60. Pin 3 of U60 is sequentially connected to one end of resistor R156 through resistors R155 and R154. The other end of R156 is connected to CH1-.

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