An ecological weir-type air-permeable breakwater

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of marine technology, and discloses an ecological weir-type hollow breakwater, including a weir-type energy dissipation device composed of three layers of weir-type structures, and a stepped box structure with horizontal slit wave-breaking boards on the front and rear walls below the weir-type structures. The upper surface of the stepped box structure connected to the weir-type structure forms three gradually rising platforms, wherein the widths of the rear platforms of the lower and middle weir-type structures are the same, and are greater than the width of the rear platform of the upper weir-type structure. The three front and rear walls of the stepped box below the weir-type structure can be used as wave-breaking boards and have horizontal wave-breaking slits, and the wave-breaking slits of each front wall are in the same relative position as the weir-type structure at its upper end. The weir-type structure is connected to the lower box as an independent unit during construction. The ecological weir-type hollow breakwater of the present invention can flexibly set the elevation of the weir-type wave-breaking device according to the actual water level variation range of the project location; it has a simple structure, convenient construction, strong applicability, and is easy to promote.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of marine technology and relates to a hollow breakwater, in particular to an ecological weir-type hollow breakwater. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of marine engineering, although traditional breakwaters can effectively resist wave attacks, they mostly use closed or solid structures to limit the natural circulation of water flow, destroy biological habitats, lead to a decline in biodiversity, and have a negative impact on the marine ecological environment. In the prior art, breakwater structures such as pile-foundation assembled air-permeable breakwaters (CN 110344368 B) and frame-type ecological caisson structures (CN 113668586 B) have good wave-breaking effects and can also ensure a certain seawater exchange capacity. However, the structural type of the above-mentioned breakwaters is relatively complex, resulting in greater difficulty in construction technology, and does not take into account the provision of marine biological habitats and the improvement of biodiversity, and has limited effect on the restoration of marine ecosystems.

[0003] Therefore, a new type of breakwater structure is urgently needed to take into account both protection function and ecological protection. The ecological weir-type permeable breakwater of the present invention is designed to solve this problem. Its design concept aims to maintain the fluidity of the water body through the permeable structure, reduce the reflection and impact of wave energy, and provide habitats for marine life. This design not only improves the wave dissipation effect, but also promotes the recovery and development of the marine ecosystem. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. Based on the premise of meeting the basic requirements of the breakwater's wave-breaking effect and stability, the water exchange efficiency between the open sea and the nearshore can be improved as much as possible, and an ecological weir-type air-permeable breakwater is proposed.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0006] An ecological weir-type hollow breakwater comprises a weir-type energy dissipation device composed of three layers of weir-type structures, and a stepped box structure with horizontal slit wave-breaking boards on the front and rear walls below the weir-type structure; the weir-type structure is surrounded by a quarter-opening arc surface on the wave-facing side, a vertical surface on its rear side, and two quarter-circular side walls, and its bottom is aligned with the wave-facing side of the stepped upper surface of the stepped box-type structure below, and is connected through to form a cavity; three gradually rising platforms are formed on the upper surface of the stepped box-type structure connected to the weir-type structure, wherein the rear platforms of the lower and middle weir-type structures have the same width, which is greater than the width of the rear platform of the upper weir-type structure, and the width of the upper platform extending toward the back-wave side mainly increases the stability of the overall structure; the middle front wall wave-breaking board of the stepped box-type structure has the same height as the upper front wall wave-breaking board, which is less than the height of the lower front wall wave-breaking board, the horizontal slits provided on the three front wall wave-breaking boards have the same longitudinal distance from the weir-type structure at their upper ends, and the rear wall wave-breaking board has a plurality of horizontal slits as a whole.

[0007] Preferably, the opening rate of the wave-breaking holes on the arc surface on the wave-facing side of the weir structure is 15%, which promotes water circulation and reduces waves.

[0008] Preferably, the weir structure is connected to the upper surface of the stepped box structure as an independent unit during construction, and is made of steel or reinforced concrete.

[0009] Preferably, the opening rate of the horizontal slits of the three front wall wave breakers of the stepped box structure is 10%, the opening rate of the horizontal slits of the rear wall wave breakers is 10%~15%, and the horizontal slits of the rear wall wave breakers are divided into lower and upper parts which are lower and higher than the horizontal slits on the lower front wall wave breakers, and the opening rate of the lower horizontal slits is greater than the opening rate of the upper horizontal slits.

[0010] Preferably, the height of the lower front wall wave breakers of the stepped box structure is flexibly set according to the actual water level of the project location, and the heights of the middle front wall wave breakers and the upper front wall wave breakers are set according to the actual water level variation range.

[0011] Preferably, the radius of the circular arc surface of the weir structure is set according to the actual wave conditions at the project location, and the platform width is adjusted accordingly. In order to achieve a good energy dissipation effect, it should be larger than the radius of the circular arc surface.

[0012] Preferably, the stepped box structure also includes a bottom wall and two side walls, and the two side walls are located on both sides of the bottom wall. In order to increase the overall stability of the structure, the thickness of the bottom wall and the side walls are adjusted according to the marine element data of the project site.

[0013] Preferably, backfill material is added inside the stepped box, and the backfill height should not exceed the horizontal slits on the wave-breaking board on the front wall of the lower layer.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0015] 1. The present invention proposes the energy dissipation concept of a three-layer weir structure. A large energy dissipation chamber is formed between the two weir structures. The combination of the perforated weir structure, the upper surface platform of the stepped box body and the multi-layer wave-breaking plates can form wave breaking and vortex forms, achieving an efficient wave dissipation effect;

[0016] 2. The overall air permeability of the structure of the present invention improves the free exchange capacity of water bodies in the open sea and near the coast, prevents ecological isolation, and the platform area behind the weir structure can provide a certain amount of hiding space and habitat for aquatic organisms;

[0017] 3. The elevation of the weir structure and the height of the stepped box structure of the present invention can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual water level variation range of the project location, and the radius size and lateral spacing of the weir structure can be set according to the actual wave conditions;

[0018] 4. The present invention only uses two basic components, the weir structure and the stepped box structure, which have a simple structure and can be prefabricated in a factory, thus reducing the project cost and making the construction quick and convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional image of the ecological weir-type open-type breakwater;

[0020] Figure 2 This is the main view of this ecological weir-type open-type breakwater;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along section AA;

[0022] Figure 4 This is the rear view of this ecological weir-type open-type breakwater.

[0023] In the figure: 1 weir type energy dissipation device; 11 lower weir type structure; 12 middle weir type structure; 13 upper weir type structure; 14 lower platform; 15 middle platform; 16 upper platform; 17 wave-breaking hole; 2 stepped box structure; 21 lower front wall wave-breaking board; 22 middle front wall wave-breaking board; 23 upper front wall wave-breaking board; 24 rear wall wave-breaking board; 25 wave-breaking strip; 26 bottom wall; 27 side wall; 3 backfill material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific implementation mode of an ecological weir-type air-permeable breakwater of the present invention is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the ecological weir-type hollow breakwater of the present invention mainly includes a weir-type energy dissipation device 1 and a stepped box structure 2 thereunder; the lower weir structure 11, the middle weir structure 12 and the upper weir structure 13 of the weir-type energy dissipation device 1 are all provided with wave-breaking holes 17, and form a gradually rising groove-shaped structure with the lower platform 14, the middle platform 15 and the upper platform 16 behind them respectively, which has a good wave-breaking effect, can effectively resist wave invasion and reduce overtopping behind the dike; the lower weir structure 11, the middle weir structure 12 and the upper weir structure 13 are connected through the left side of the upper surface of the stepped box structure 2 below; the stepped box structure 2 is provided with a lower front wall surface The wave breakers 21, the middle front wall wave breakers 22, the upper front wall wave breakers 23 and the rear wall wave breakers 24 are all provided with wave-breaking slits 25 to ensure the water flow efficiency; the bottom wall 26 and the side walls 27 of the stepped box structure 2 mainly play the role of support and connection, and the interior can be backfilled with materials 3 such as stones and sand to ensure the stability of the breakwater; the top elevation of the backfill material 3 does not exceed the wave-breaking slits 25 of the lower front wall wave breakers 21, and the upper part is kept hollow to allow the waves to oscillate to further reduce energy.

[0026] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the lower weir structure 11 of the weir type energy dissipation device 1 of the present invention is generally arranged below the low water level of the project location, and the upper weir structure 13 is generally arranged above the high water level, and the lower weir structure 11 and the middle front wall wave breakers 22 and the upper front wall wave breakers 23 of the stepped box structure 2 below can work together to break the incident waves and generate a large number of eddies and turbulence, and the reflected waves can fall freely, thereby effectively reducing the wave energy; if the water level variation range of the project location is small, the rear groove position of the lower weir structure 11 can provide aquatic organisms with hiding and habitat space, and the upper weir structure 13 can effectively resist the invasion of extreme waves and reduce the overtopping behind the dike; the backfill material 3 inside the stepped box structure 2 ensures the safety and stability of the structure, and the wave slits 25 of the front and rear wall wave breakers and the wave absorbing holes 17 of the weir type energy dissipation device 1 can ensure the free passage of water flow, and make the waves oscillate inside to produce the energy dissipation process, so as to ensure the stable and good water quality environment inside the dike.

[0027] The components of the breakwater of the present invention can be prefabricated on site, wherein the lower stepped box structure can be prefabricated as an integral structure, and its material is reinforced concrete; the three weir structures are prefabricated as independent units, and their materials are reinforced concrete materials, and can be poured and connected with the lower stepped box structure on the construction site. Therefore, the project cost can be reduced, the installation is convenient, safe and time-saving, and easy to dismantle and repair; the structural form is relatively simple, the application range is wide, and the stability is strong; it achieves good wave elimination effect and ecological performance, effectively resists the invasion of waves, and protects the marine ecosystem.

[0028] The above describes the implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to facilitate the reader's understanding, but the specific implementation mode of the present invention is only illustrative and instructive, not restrictive, and is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes and application fields. Any technical extension or re-creation made under the inspiration of this specification and without departing from the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention shall be protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological weir-type air-permeable breakwater, characterized in that: The ecological weir-type hollow breakwater includes a weir-type energy dissipation device composed of a three-layer weir structure, and a stepped box structure with horizontal slit wave-breaking plates on the front and rear walls below; the weir structure is surrounded by a quarter-opened arc surface on the wave-facing side, a vertical surface on its rear side, and two quarter-circular side walls, and its bottom is aligned with the wave-facing side of the stepped upper surface of the stepped box structure below, and is connected through to form a cavity; the opening rate of the wave-breaking holes on the arc surface on the wave-facing side of the weir structure is 15%, which promotes water circulation and wave reduction; the upper surface of the stepped box structure connected to the weir structure forms three gradually rising platforms, among which the rear platforms of the lower and middle weir structures have the same width, which is larger than the width of the rear platform of the upper weir structure, and the width of the upper platform extending to the back wave side is mainly The stability of the overall structure is increased; the height of the middle front wall breakwater of the stepped box structure is the same as that of the upper front wall breakwater, which is smaller than that of the lower front wall breakwater; the horizontal slits formed on the three front wall breakwaters are at the same longitudinal distance from the weir-type structure at their upper ends; and the rear wall breakwater is provided with a plurality of horizontal slits as a whole; the opening rates of the horizontal slits of the three front wall breakwaters of the stepped box structure are all 10%, the opening rate of the horizontal slits of the rear wall breakwater is 10%-15%, and the horizontal slits of the rear wall breakwater are divided into a lower part and an upper part which are lower and higher than the horizontal slits on the lower front wall breakwater, and the opening rate of the lower horizontal slits is greater than the opening rate of the upper horizontal slits; the stepped box structure also includes a bottom wall and two side walls, and the two side walls are located on both sides of the bottom wall.

2. The ecological weir-type air-permeable breakwater according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The weir structure is connected to the upper surface of the stepped box structure as an independent unit during construction and is made of steel or reinforced concrete.

3. The ecological weir-type air-permeable breakwater according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lower front wall wave breakers of the stepped box structure are flexibly set in height according to the actual water level of the project location, and the heights of the middle front wall wave breakers and the upper front wall wave breakers are set according to the actual water level variation range.

4. The ecological weir-type air-permeable breakwater according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The radius of the circular arc surface of the weir-type structure is set according to the actual wave conditions at the engineering location, and the platform width is greater than the radius of the circular arc surface.

5. The ecological weir-type air-permeable breakwater according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Backfill material is added inside the stepped box, and the backfill height should not exceed the horizontal slits on the wave-breaking board on the front wall of the lower layer.

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