River habitat building structure based on dredged soil waste slag utilization

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental engineering, and discloses a river habitat building structure based on dredged soil waste slag utilization, comprising a river channel used for bearing an ecological restoration structure and allowing water flow to pass; the ecological revetment is used for protecting a river bank line and enhancing the stability of the river bank line; the underwater layered fish reef is used for providing an underwater space for fish inhabiting, migration and hiding; the artificial floating wetland is used for improving water quality and providing an aquatic plant growth environment; the multifunctional shoal is used for providing diversified habitat environments for aquatic and amphibious organisms; the artificial inner island is used for enhancing biological diversity and providing a bird breeding and foraging place; mixing the mud flat. According to the technical scheme of resource utilization of the dredged soil, the waste dredged soil is converted into a basic material for ecological restoration of the river, the effects of improving the self-purification capacity of a water body and improving the biological diversity are achieved, and the problems of resource waste and secondary pollution are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental engineering, and particularly to a river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil waste. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the expansion of water transportation channels and the improvement of river flood control capabilities, the scale of dredging projects has gradually increased. A large amount of dredged soil is cleared from the riverbed or waterway, and its treatment method is directly related to the health of the ecological environment and the sustainability of resource utilization. However, the properties of dredged soil are complex, with diverse components, which may contain pollutants or be rich in organic matter and nutrients. If not properly treated, it will not only cause environmental problems but also waste a large amount of available resources. Therefore, how to efficiently and safely treat dredged soil while taking into account ecological protection and resource utilization has become an important issue in the field of river management.

[0003] In traditional technologies, the treatment methods of dredged soil mainly include simple landfill or deep - trench dumping. This method seems direct and convenient, but it ignores the potential value of dredged soil and its possible ecological hazards. First, simple landfill will occupy and damage the terrestrial ecological environment. Especially in areas with dense population or limited land resources, the landfill method often brings greater environmental pressure and restricts the sustainable use of land. Second, deep - trench dumping of dredged soil has a greater impact on the aquatic ecosystem. Many dredged soils contain heavy metals or other pollutants, and direct dumping will cause water quality deterioration and even have a long - term impact on benthic organisms. The damage to the underwater ecological environment is not easily detected, but it has a profound impact on the entire aquatic ecological chain. For this reason, technical personnel in this field have proposed a river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil waste to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil waste, which solves the problem that in traditional technologies, the treatment methods of dredged soil mainly include simple landfill or deep - trench dumping.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil waste includes

[0006] A river channel, which is used to carry the ecological restoration structure and allow water to flow through;

[0007] An ecological revetment, which is used to protect the riverbank line and enhance the stability of the river channel bank line;

[0008] An underwater stratified fish reef, which is used to provide an underwater space for fish to inhabit, migrate, and hide;

[0009] An artificial floating wetland, which is used to improve water quality and provide a growth environment for aquatic plants;

[0010] Multi-functional shoal, used to provide a diverse habitat for aquatic and amphibious organisms;

[0011] Artificial inner island, used to enhance biodiversity and provide places for birds to breed and forage;

[0012] Mixed tidal flat, used to purify water quality and provide foraging areas for water birds.

[0013] Preferably, the ecological revetment includes a first base layer, a submerged buffer zone, vegetation cover, and peripheral protection. The first base layer is filled with dredged soil and coarse gravel. The submerged buffer zone is planted with submerged plants. The vegetation cover is planted with wetland plants. The peripheral protection forms a flexible revetment structure through wooden piles or crushed stones.

[0014] Preferably, the underwater stratified fish reef includes a second base layer, a stone pile layer, and a covering layer. The second base layer is formed by ramming dredged soil. The stone pile layer is composed of stacked stones to form a porous space. The covering layer is planted with submerged plants.

[0015] Preferably, the artificial floating wetland includes anchor rods, a base, connecting chains, a floating platform, and a vegetation layer. The floating platform is made of lightweight materials and covered with dredged soil. The vegetation layer is planted with aquatic plants. The base is fixed by anchor rods. The connecting chains maintain its dynamic stability.

[0016] Preferably, the multi-functional shoal includes a third base layer, a land edge layer, a near-water layer, and an underwater layer. The third base layer is formed by ramming dredged soil. The land edge layer is planted with herbaceous plants. The near-water layer is planted with wetland plants. The underwater layer is planted with submerged plants.

[0017] Preferably, the artificial inner island includes an island main body, a central layer, an edge wetland layer, a covering submerged layer, and a reinforcement layer. The island main body is formed by piling up dredged soil. The central layer is planted with arbors or shrubs. The edge wetland layer is planted with wetland plants. The covering submerged layer is planted with submerged plants. The reinforcement layer is fixed by wooden piles or stones.

[0018] Preferably, the mixed tidal flat includes a dry tidal flat layer, a wet tidal flat layer, and a filtering wetland layer. The dry tidal flat layer is planted with drought-tolerant plants. The wet tidal flat layer is planted with moisture-tolerant plants. The filtering wetland layer is used for water quality purification.

[0019] Preferably, the vegetation cover is fixed by geotextiles to prevent scouring by water flow and enhance the stability of the riverbank structure.

[0020] Preferably, the material of the floating platform is corrosion-resistant polyethylene foam, and the connecting chains are made of corrosion-resistant steel to ensure long-term structural stability.

[0021] Preferably, a natural transition zone is provided between the edge wetland layer and the overlying submerged layer to enhance the ecological diversity and biological habitat environment of the island.

[0022] The present invention provides a river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil waste residue, having the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention adopts the technical solution of resource utilization of dredged soil, converting waste dredged soil into the basic material for river ecological restoration, achieving the effects of improving the water self-purification ability and enhancing biodiversity. Compared with the existing methods of simply landfilling or discarding dredged soil, it effectively solves the problems of resource waste and secondary pollution.

[0024] 2. By constructing ecological revetments, multi-functional shoals and artificial inner islands, the present invention creates a diverse habitat environment in the river channel, significantly improving the habitat rates of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Compared with the defects of traditional rigid revetments that cannot support the development of ecosystems, this flexible structure design greatly enhances the functionality and long-term stability of ecological restoration.

[0025] 3. Through the innovative combination design of underwater stratified fish reefs and artificial floating wetlands, the present invention purifies water quality while providing a rich migration and spawning environment for fish. The problem in the prior art that the underwater structure is single and difficult to meet the diverse biological needs has been effectively improved, significantly enhancing the ecological diversity and system vitality of the river.

[0026] 4. By zoning and arranging dry beaches, wet beaches and filtering wetlands, the present invention realizes the natural transition between land and water, achieving the technical effects of effectively buffering the impact of water flow and purifying water quality. The traditional beach structure has poor stability and limited water quality improvement, while this stratified structure greatly enhances the ecological function of the beach area and optimizes the overall river channel environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the river channel structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is Figure 1 an enlarged view of part A in

[0029] Figure 3 is Figure 1 an enlarged view of part B in

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the ecological revetment structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the connecting chain structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the near-water layer structure of the present invention.

[0033] Among them, 1. river channel; 2. ecological revetment; 201. first base layer; 202. submerged buffer zone; 203. vegetation cover; 204. peripheral protection; 3. underwater stratified fish reef; 301. second base layer; 302. stone pile layer; 303. covering layer; 4. artificial floating wetland; 401. anchor rod; 402. base; 403. connecting chain; 404. floating platform; 405. vegetation layer; 5. multi-functional shoal; 501. third base layer; 502. land edge layer; 503. near-water layer; 504. underwater layer; 6. artificial inner island; 601. island main body; 602. central layer; 603. edge wetland layer; 604. covering submerged layer; 605. reinforcement layer; 7. mixed tidal flat; 701. dry tidal flat layer; 702. wet tidal flat layer; 703. filtering wetland layer. Specific implementation manners

[0034] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 and the attached Figure 4 , the embodiment of the present invention provides a river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil waste residue, including a river channel 1 for carrying an ecological restoration structure and water circulation; an ecological revetment 2 for protecting the riverbank line and enhancing the stability of the bank line of the river channel 1; the ecological revetment 2 includes a first base layer 201, a submerged buffer zone 202, a vegetation cover 203 and a peripheral protection 204. The first base layer 201 is filled with dredged soil and coarse gravel. The submerged buffer zone 202 is planted with submerged plants. The vegetation cover 203 is planted with wetland plants. The peripheral protection 204 forms a flexible revetment structure through wooden piles or gravel. The vegetation cover 203 is fixed by geotextiles to prevent water flow scouring and enhance the stability of the riverbank structure.

[0036] Specifically, the river channel 1 is used to carry the ecological restoration structure and allow water to flow through; the ecological bank protection 2 is used to protect the riverbank line and enhance the stability of the bank line of the river channel 1. The ecological bank protection 2 includes a first base layer 201, a submerged buffer zone 202, a vegetation cover 203, and an outer protection 204. The first base layer 201 is filled with dredged soil and coarse gravels, having high compressive strength and stability. By optimizing the proportion of the filling materials, good bearing performance and foundation stability are achieved. The submerged buffer zone 202 is arranged above the first base layer 201, and water-tolerant submerged plants such as Ceratophyllum demersum or Myriophyllum verticillatum are planted. By using the fixation effect of their roots on the sediment, the scouring force brought by the flowing river water is effectively alleviated, and at the same time, a passage for fish to hide and migrate is provided. The vegetation cover 203 is adjacent to the submerged buffer zone 202, and wetland plants with good moisture tolerance, such as Typha orientalis or Phragmites australis, are planted. They can not only absorb the excessive nutrients in the river water, thereby inhibiting water eutrophication, but also enhance the anti-scouring ability of the bank protection. The vegetation cover 203 is fixed by geotextiles, which have strong water permeability and tensile strength, and can effectively prevent the surface vegetation of the bank protection from falling off due to water scouring or soil erosion, ensuring the long-term stability of the bank protection structure. The outer protection 204 is composed of wooden piles or gravels. The setting of the wooden piles makes the overall structure more ductile, and the accumulation of gravels further enhances the anti-scouring ability of the protection layer. The close combination of the outer protection 204 and the vegetation cover 203 forms a multi-layer bank protection system, which can effectively disperse the impact force of the water flow, and at the same time maintain the integrity and functionality of the ecological bank protection 2, thereby creating a harmonious and stable ecological environment for the river channel 1 while stabilizing the bank line.

[0037] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 and the attached Figure 2 , the underwater stratified fish reef 3 is used to provide an underwater space for fish to inhabit, migrate, and hide; the underwater stratified fish reef 3 includes a second base layer 301, a stone pile layer 302, and a covering layer 303. The second base layer 301 is formed by ramming the dredged soil, the stone pile layer 302 is composed of stacked stones to form a porous space, and the covering layer 303 is planted with submerged plants.

[0038] Specifically, the underwater stratified fish reef 3 is used to provide an underwater space for fish to inhabit, migrate, and hide; the underwater stratified fish reef 3 includes a second base layer 301, a stone pile layer 302, and a covering layer 303. The second base layer 301 is formed by ramming dredged soil, adopting a layered ramming process to ensure that the second base layer 301 has good bearing capacity and anti-scour performance, while providing a stable base to support the stone pile layer 302 and preventing it from sliding or deforming due to water flow impact. The stone pile layer 302 is composed of stones of different specifications stacked together. By reasonably arranging and controlling the size of the stones, a multi-porous space is formed. These pores provide an ideal habitat for fish, and at the same time provide a surface for microorganisms, algae, and other aquatic organisms to attach and grow, helping to form a complete underwater ecosystem. The height of the stone pile layer 302 is adjusted according to the actual river flow velocity and fish needs to ensure that it can provide a safe passage for fish migration without having too much impact on the overall flow pattern of the river channel. The covering layer 303 is located on the surface of the stone pile layer 302. By planting submerged plants such as Ceratophyllum demersum and Vallisneria natans, it can not only further fix the stone pile layer 302, but also provide hiding places and food sources for fish and other aquatic organisms. The roots of the submerged plants in the covering layer 303 penetrate into the pores of the stone pile layer 302, enhancing the overall stability of the structure. At the same time, the photosynthesis of the plants is used to increase the dissolved oxygen content in the water, thereby optimizing the habitat environment for fish. The multi-layer structure design of the underwater stratified fish reef 3 enables it to effectively disperse the water flow impact force, slow down the erosion of the riverbed, and improve the underwater biodiversity while maintaining the ecological balance.

[0039] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 and the attached Figure 5 , the artificial floating wetland 4 is used to improve the water quality and provide a growth environment for aquatic plants; the artificial floating wetland 4 includes anchor rods 401, a base 402, connecting chains 403, a floating platform 404, and a vegetation layer 405. The floating platform 404 is made of lightweight materials and covered with dredged soil. The vegetation layer 405 plants aquatic plants. The base 402 is fixed by the anchor rods 401, and the connecting chains 403 maintain its dynamic stability. The material of the floating platform 404 is corrosion-resistant polyethylene foam, and the connecting chains 403 are made of corrosion-resistant steel to ensure long-term structural stability.

[0040] Specifically, the artificial floating wetland 4 is used to improve water quality and provide a growth environment for aquatic plants; the artificial floating wetland 4 includes anchor rods 401, a base 402, connecting chains 403, a floating platform 404, and a vegetation layer 405. The floating platform 404 is made of lightweight and high-strength corrosion-resistant polyethylene foam, with excellent buoyancy and durability, and can stably float under different water level conditions. The floating platform 404 is covered with dredged soil to provide a growth substrate for aquatic plants. At the same time, through the design of a soil layer with a specific thickness, it effectively filters suspended particles and harmful substances in the water, further purifying the water quality. The vegetation layer 405 plants aquatic plants such as cattails, iris pseudacorus, and duckweed. These plants can not only absorb excessive nutrients in the water to prevent water eutrophication but also increase the dissolved oxygen content in the water through photosynthesis, providing a more suitable living environment for aquatic organisms.

[0041] The base 402 is firmly fixed to the bottom of the riverbed or reservoir through the anchor rods 401. The design of the anchor rods 401 ensures that the artificial floating wetland 4 can remain in place under strong water currents or wind and wave conditions and will not drift with the water flow. The connecting chains 403 are made of corrosion-resistant steel and are flexibly connected to the floating platform 404 to provide flexible support, enabling the floating platform 404 to dynamically adjust according to water level changes and avoiding affecting the stability of the wetland system due to drastic water level fluctuations. The roots of the aquatic plants in the vegetation layer 405 can penetrate the dredged soil substrate and extend to the bottom or into the water of the floating platform 404, forming a complex root network. This not only enhances the stability of the substrate but also provides attachment and habitat sites for microorganisms and small aquatic organisms, further enriching the ecological functions of the wetland. Through its unique structural design and multiple functions, the artificial floating wetland 4 not only effectively improves water quality but also constructs a dynamic ecosystem for aquatic plants and animals, enhancing the ecological environment quality of the entire water area, and at the same time has high operability and maintenance convenience.

[0042] Please refer to the appendix Figure 1 and the appendix Figure 6 , the multi-functional shoal 5 is used to provide a diverse habitat environment for aquatic and amphibious organisms; the multi-functional shoal 5 includes a base layer three 501, a land edge layer 502, a near-water layer 503, and an underwater layer 504. The base layer three 501 is formed by ramming dredged soil. The land edge layer 502 plants herbaceous plants. The near-water layer 503 plants wetland plants. The underwater layer 504 plants submerged plants.

[0043] Specifically, the multi-functional shoal 5 is used to provide a diverse habitat for aquatic and amphibious organisms; the multi-functional shoal 5 includes a base layer three 501, a land edge layer 502, a near-water layer 503, and an underwater layer 504. The base layer three 501 is formed by ramming dredged soil, and the layered compaction technology is adopted to ensure the stability and anti-scour ability of the shoal structure, while providing a firm support foundation. The base layer three 501 can effectively prevent soil erosion caused by water flow impact and maintain the structural integrity of the overall shoal. The land edge layer 502 is located at the uppermost part of the shoal, and herbaceous plants such as bermudagrass and bahiagrass are planted. These plants have well-developed roots, which can fix the soil and protect the slope, and at the same time provide a hiding and inhabiting place for small terrestrial animals. The land edge layer 502 forms a gentle slope area through the natural transition with the near-water layer 503, which helps the infiltration of rainwater and the growth of plants.

[0044] The near-water layer 503 is adjacent to the land edge layer 502, and wetland plants such as cattail and reed are planted. These plants have good water tolerance and water purification ability, and can play a role in water quality purification by absorbing pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body. In addition, wetland plants provide an ideal place for foraging and inhabiting for amphibians such as frogs and water birds, further enriching the regional ecosystem. The underwater layer 504 is located at the lowest part of the shoal and is submerged in water all year round. Submerged plants such as Vallisneria natans and Ceratophyllum demersum are planted. Submerged plants increase the dissolved oxygen content in the water body through photosynthesis, and at the same time their roots penetrate deep into the bottom of the water, stabilizing the bottom mud and preventing secondary pollution caused by sediment due to water flow. The underwater layer 504 provides a good habitat and spawning environment for fish and other aquatic organisms, forming an important foundation for the shoal ecosystem. Through the scientific zoning and vegetation configuration of the base layer three 501, the land edge layer 502, the near-water layer 503, and the underwater layer 504, the multi-functional shoal 5 not only forms a natural buffer zone in the river channel, but also provides a rich habitat for a variety of organisms. Its multi-level structure effectively disperses the water flow impact force, and at the same time constructs an interdependent ecological network for aquatic and amphibious organisms, thereby enhancing the ecological function and environmental stability of the river.

[0045] Please refer to the appendix Figure 1 and the appendix Figure 3 For the artificial inner island 6, which is used to enhance biodiversity and provide a place for birds to breed and forage; the artificial inner island 6 includes an island main body 601, a central layer 602, an edge wetland layer 603, a covering submerged layer 604, and a reinforcement layer 605. The island main body 601 is formed by piling up dredged soil. Trees or shrubs are planted in the central layer 602, wetland plants are planted in the edge wetland layer 603, submerged plants are planted in the covering submerged layer 604, and the reinforcement layer 605 is fixed by wooden piles or stones. A natural transition zone is provided between the edge wetland layer 603 and the covering submerged layer 604 to enhance the ecological diversity and biological inhabiting environment of the island.

[0046] Specifically, the artificial inner island 6 is used to enhance biodiversity and provide breeding and foraging areas for birds. The artificial inner island 6 includes an island main body 601, a central layer 602, an edge wetland layer 603, a submerged covering layer 604, and a reinforcement layer 605. The island main body 601 is formed by piling up dredged soil, and the overall structure stability and anti-scouring ability are ensured through layered compaction. The island main body 601 is higher than the normal water level of the river course, which can avoid being completely submerged during floods and provide a long-term habitat for vegetation and organisms at the same time. The central layer 602 is located at the top of the island main body 601 and plants arbors or shrubs such as willows and mulberries. These arbors and shrubs have developed root systems, which can further stabilize the island main body 601 and provide nests and shelter for birds at the same time. The arbors and shrubs in the central layer 602 can also provide an ideal living environment for insects and other small animals, further enriching the ecosystem. The edge wetland layer 603 surrounds the periphery of the island main body 601 and plants wetland plants such as reeds and water onions. These plants have strong moisture tolerance and water purification functions, can absorb excess nutrients in the water body, and prevent water eutrophication. At the same time, the wetland plants provide foraging areas for birds and amphibians, enhancing the biodiversity of the island.

[0047] The submerged covering layer 604 is located in the underwater part of the island and plants submerged plants such as Vallisneria natans and Ceratophyllum demersum. The submerged plants increase the dissolved oxygen content in the water body through photosynthesis, and at the same time their root systems penetrate deep into the bottom of the water, effectively fixing the bottom mud and preventing sediment loss caused by water flow. The submerged covering layer 604 not only provides hiding and spawning places for aquatic organisms, but also establishes a good ecological transition between the wetland and the water body. A natural transition zone is provided between the edge wetland layer 603 and the submerged covering layer 604. This transition zone forms a diverse microenvironment through gradually decreasing slopes and water depth changes, providing living space for organisms with different habitat requirements. In addition, the distribution of plant species in the transition zone transitions from land to water, further optimizing the overall ecological function of the island. The reinforcement layer 605 uses wooden piles or stones to surround the edge of the artificial inner island 6. Through mechanical reinforcement combined with natural vegetation, the anti-scouring performance of the island is enhanced, effectively coping with possible water flow changes or flood impacts in the river course. The setting of the reinforcement layer 605 ensures the long-term stability of the island and provides a safer environment for the breeding activities of birds. Through reasonable layered design and scientific vegetation configuration, the artificial inner island 6 not only provides high-quality places for bird breeding and foraging, but also greatly improves the biodiversity and ecological function of the entire river area by improving the ecological connection between water and land.

[0048] Please refer to the appendix Figure 1 , the mixed tidal flat 7 is used to purify water quality and provide foraging areas for water birds. The mixed tidal flat 7 includes a dry tidal flat layer 701, a wet tidal flat layer 702, and a filtering wetland layer 703. Drought-tolerant plants are planted in the dry tidal flat layer 701, moisture-tolerant plants are planted in the wet tidal flat layer 702, and the filtering wetland layer 703 is used for water quality purification.

[0049] Specifically, the mixed tidal flat 7 is used to purify water quality and provide a foraging area for water birds. The mixed tidal flat 7 includes a dry tidal flat layer 701, a wet tidal flat layer 702, and a filtering wetland layer 703. The dry tidal flat layer 701 is located at the highest part of the tidal flat. By planting drought-tolerant plants such as bermudagrass and bahiagrass, a stable soil structure is formed. These plants not only have well-developed root systems that can effectively prevent soil loss due to wind erosion or rainwashing, but also provide habitats and foraging places for small terrestrial animals. The dry tidal flat layer 701 gradually transitions to the wet tidal flat layer 702 through a gentle slope, ensuring the stability and coherence of the overall tidal flat structure. The wet tidal flat layer 702 is adjacent to the dry tidal flat layer 701 and is located near the normal water level line. Moisture-tolerant plants such as cattail and reed are planted. These plants have strong water tolerance and purification functions, and can effectively absorb excessive nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body, reducing the risk of water eutrophication. At the same time, the root systems of the plants in the wet tidal flat layer 702 penetrate deep into the soil, further enhancing the anti-scouring ability of the tidal flat and providing rich foraging resources and habitats for water birds and amphibians. The wet tidal flat layer 702 can also regulate the local climate through the transpiration of its plants, creating more suitable living conditions for the surrounding ecosystem.

[0050] The filtering wetland layer 703 is located below or in the peripheral area of the wet tidal flat layer 702 and is at the lowest position of the tidal flat, being immersed in water for a long time. This layer plants aquatic plants such as duckweed and water hyacinth, and uses the synergistic effect of plant roots and microorganisms to efficiently filter and purify the water flowing through. The filtering wetland layer 703 significantly improves water quality by adsorbing and decomposing suspended particles, organic matter, and other pollutants in the water. At the same time, the plants in the filtering wetland layer 703 provide growth and habitat places for aquatic insects, small fish, and other aquatic organisms, thus playing a key regulatory role in the tidal flat ecosystem. The mixed tidal flat 7 realizes a natural transition from land to water through the zoning design and functional division of the dry tidal flat layer 701, the wet tidal flat layer 702, and the filtering wetland layer 703.

[0051] Working principle: First, through the effective utilization of dredged soil, various ecological structures are constructed, including the ecological revetment 2, the underwater stratified fish reef 3, the artificial floating wetland 4, the multi-functional shoal 5, the artificial inner island 6, and the mixed tidal flat 7. These structures respectively combine the characteristics of the river channel 1, use the dredged soil as the basic material, and utilize its good compaction and plasticity to provide basic support for the overall structure.

[0052] Secondly, the ecological revetment 2 forms a protection system around the river channel shoreline. The basic layer 1 201 is formed by ramming the dredged soil to provide stable support for the revetment. The submerged buffer zone 202 plants submerged plants, effectively buffering the scouring of the water flow on the shoreline and providing a hiding place for fish at the same time. The vegetation cover 203 plants wetland plants, enhancing the ecological function of the revetment, and further improving the anti-impact ability of the shoreline through the peripheral protection 204.

[0053] Again, the underwater stratified fish reef 3 forms a multi-layer structure in the underwater part of the river channel. The basic layer two 301 provides stable support for the stone pile layer 302. The porous structure inside the stone pile layer provides space for fish to migrate and inhabit, and at the same time promotes the reproduction of microorganisms and algae in the water body, forming a good underwater ecological environment. The covering layer 303 plants submerged plants, which fix the stone pile layer through the plant roots and increase the dissolved oxygen content in the water body.

[0054] Then, the artificial floating wetland 4 uses the floating platform 404 as the substrate for plant growth. The floating platform is fixed on the river channel through the anchor rod 401 and the connecting chain 403 to adapt to the water level fluctuation. The vegetation layer 405 plants aquatic plants, which not only purify the water body, but also increase the oxygen content in the water body through photosynthesis, providing an ideal habitat for aquatic organisms.

[0055] Next, the multi-functional shoal 5 forms a stratified habitat environment in the shallow water area. The basic layer three 501 provides a stable structure. The land edge layer 502 fixes the soil by planting herbaceous plants. The near-water layer 503 plants wetland plants to provide habitats for amphibians. The underwater layer 504 plants submerged plants to provide hiding places for aquatic organisms, gradually realizing the natural transition of the land-water ecosystem.

[0056] Subsequently, the artificial inner island 6 is formed by piling up dredged soil, which is used to increase the habitat space for water birds and aquatic organisms. The main body of the island 601 constructs a multi-layer ecological structure by planting arbors, wetland plants and submerged plants. The reinforcement layer 605 prevents water flow scouring and optimizes the ecological connection between the island and the water body through the natural transition zone.

[0057] Finally, the mixed tidal flat 7 is arranged in zones of the dry tidal flat layer 701, the wet tidal flat layer 702 and the filtering wetland layer 703, and drought-tolerant, moisture-tolerant and aquatic plants are planted respectively, forming a filtering and buffer zone between the land and the water body. The filtering wetland layer further purifies the water quality through the synergistic action of plants and microorganisms, and at the same time provides a foraging environment for water birds.

[0058] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil and waste, characterized in that: include, River channel (1), used to carry ecological restoration structures and water flow; Ecological revetments (2), used to protect the river bank and enhance the stability of the river bank (1); Underwater layered fish reefs (3) are used to provide underwater space for fish to live, migrate and hide; Artificial floating wetlands (4) are used to improve water quality and provide an environment for the growth of aquatic plants; Multi-purpose shoals (5) to provide diverse habitats for aquatic and amphibian life; Artificial inner islands (6) to enhance biodiversity and provide breeding and feeding areas for birds; Mixed tidal flats (7) are used to purify water and provide foraging areas for water birds.

2. A river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil and waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological revetment (2) comprises a base layer (201), a submerged buffer zone (202), a vegetation cover (203) and an outer protection (204), wherein the base layer (201) is formed by filling dredged soil and coarse gravel, the submerged buffer zone (202) is planted with submerged plants, the vegetation cover (203) is planted with wetland plants, and the outer protection (204) is a flexible revetment structure formed by wooden piles or gravel.

3. A river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil and waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underwater stratified fish reef (3) comprises a second base layer (301), a stone pile layer (302) and a covering layer (303), wherein the second base layer (301) is formed by compacting dredged soil, the stone pile layer (302) is a porous space formed by stacking stones, and the covering layer (303) is planted with submerged plants.

4. A river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil and waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The artificial floating wetland (4) comprises an anchor rod (401), a base (402), a connecting chain (403), a floating platform (404) and a vegetation layer (405); the floating platform (404) is made of a lightweight material and covered with dredged soil; the vegetation layer (405) is planted with aquatic plants; the base (402) is fixed by an anchor rod (401); and the connecting chain (403) maintains its dynamic stability.

5. A river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil and waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multifunctional shoal (5) includes a base layer three (501), a land edge layer (502), a near-water surface layer (503) and an underwater layer (504), wherein the base layer three (501) is formed by compacting dredged soil, the land edge layer (502) is planted with herbaceous plants, the near-water surface layer (503) is planted with wetland plants, and the underwater layer (504) is planted with submerged plants.

6. A river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil and waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The artificial inner island (6) includes an island body (601), a central layer (602), an edge wetland layer (603), a covering submerged layer (604) and a reinforcement layer (605). The island body (601) is formed by dredged soil accumulation, the central layer (602) is planted with trees or shrubs, the edge wetland layer (603) is planted with wetland plants, the covering submerged layer (604) is planted with submerged plants, and the reinforcement layer (605) is fixed by wooden piles or stones.

7. A river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil and waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixed beach (7) comprises a dry beach layer (701), a wet beach layer (702) and a filtering wetland layer (703), wherein the dry beach layer (701) is planted with drought-tolerant plants, the wet beach layer (702) is planted with moisture-tolerant plants, and the filtering wetland layer (703) is used for water purification.

8. A river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil and waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vegetation cover (203) is fixed by geotextile to prevent water erosion and enhance the stability of the river bank structure.

9. A river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil and waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The material of the floating platform (404) is corrosion-resistant polyethylene foam, and the connecting chain (403) is made of corrosion-resistant steel to ensure long-term structural stability.

10. A river habitat construction structure based on the utilization of dredged soil and waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: A natural transition zone is provided between the marginal wetland layer (603) and the covering submerged layer (604) to enhance the ecological diversity and biological habitat of the island.

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