A TBM jam warning method for hard mixed rock tunnels based on microseismic monitoring

Abstract

The present invention discloses a TBM jam warning method for a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring. The TBM jam warning method for a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring collects TBM historical microseismic monitoring data and analyzes the surrounding rock state when rock burst occurs; the rock burst level is divided into four levels: no rock burst, slight rock burst, moderate rock burst and strong rock burst. The numerical values ​​of the TBM parameters in the TBM excavation process corresponding to each rock burst level are different. The TBM jam warning method is established through the relationship between the TBM parameters and the rock burst level; the microseismic data and the corresponding surrounding rock state are collected in real time, and according to the TBM jam warning method based on the rock burst level, the parameters of the TBM are adjusted in real time to issue a warning prompt. Compared with the prior art, the TBM jam warning method for a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring of the present invention has the advantage of providing early warning prompts for jams that the TBM may encounter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of TBM jamming, and in particular to an early warning method for TBM jamming in a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring. Background Art

[0002] The construction of long tunnels involves deep burial depths, complex geological conditions, strong geological tectonic activities, and high ground stress levels. Among them, the geological disaster phenomenon inherent in high ground stress, during TBM excavation, the cutterhead will get stuck due to the collapse of a large amount of broken rock in the hidden cracks and the push near the cutterhead after the surrounding rock becomes unstable. At the same time, the shield will get stuck due to the rapid convergence of the surrounding rock and the squeezing of the shield, which will increase the TBM propulsion resistance. Whether it is a cutterhead or a shield jam, it may be accompanied by rock bursts of different energy levels on site before the jam occurs. If the energy presented by the rock burst is very large, it may also occur at the same time as the TBM jam. Therefore, the energy of the rock burst is an important indicator for assessing the risk of TBM jams.

[0003] In order to be more efficient and safe, TBM is usually used for excavation, and microseismic monitoring is indispensable to ensure the safety of construction. Since the tunnel under construction is a hard mixed rock tunnel, it will be accompanied by adverse geological conditions such as high ground stress, sudden water gushing, and hidden cracks in the rock, and there will be a risk of TBM jamming. Once a jam occurs, it is difficult to successfully escape by relying on the TBM's own propulsion system. The treatment is difficult and time-consuming, which brings serious safety hazards and huge economic losses. However, there is currently no equipment that can directly obtain and prevent rock bursts to warn of TBM jams.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a TBM jam warning method for hard mixed rock tunnels based on microseismic monitoring, so that it can timely and effectively grasp the TBM excavation status and surrounding rock status, realize real-time processing and analysis of rock burst data based on microseismic monitoring, and provide early warning prompts for possible TBM jams, is a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a TBM jam warning method for hard mixed rock tunnels based on microseismic monitoring, which obtains microseismic parameters by means of microseismic monitoring to judge the degree of rock burst, and warns of the level of rock burst that will occur within a certain period of time in the future based on the degree of rock burst for a continuous period of time. Before the TBM jams, it can be obtained that the waveform amplitude presented by the microseismic sensor, the number of microseismic events, and the radiation energy of microseismic events in a single day will all show abnormal growth. According to the different types of rock bursts or landslides obtained through on-site monitoring, the parameters of the TBM during the construction process are adjusted to form a linkage between microseismic monitoring and TBM, and finally realize the TBM jam warning method for hard mixed rock tunnels based on microseismic monitoring.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a TBM jam warning method for a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring, the method comprising: collecting historical microseismic monitoring data of the TBM, and obtaining the surrounding rock state when the rock burst occurs based on the change law of the surrounding rock of the TBM under rock bursts of different energy sizes; dividing the rock burst level into four levels: no rock burst, slight rock burst, moderate rock burst, and severe rock burst based on the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of the radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event logE, and the magnitude of the moment magnitude M under rock bursts of different energy sizes; each of the rock burst levels corresponds to The sizes of the TBM parameters are different during the TBM excavation process; by combining the relationship between the sizes of the TBM parameters and the rock burst level, a TBM jam warning method based on the rock burst level is established; microseismic data and the corresponding surrounding rock status are collected in real time, and according to the TBM jam warning method based on the rock burst level, the TBM parameters are adjusted in real time to issue a warning prompt; the value of the number of microseismic events N is not less than 0: the unit of the microseismic waveform amplitude A is m / s; the unit of the number of microseismic events N is pieces / day; the unit of the logarithm of the radiation energy of the microseismic event in a single day logE is J˙day.

[0007] In the first aspect, the rockburst-free level must simultaneously satisfy the following conditions: the number of microseismic events N < 10, the daily cumulative microseismic event radiation energy E n <1E+04J, the radiation energy of the maximum microseismic event in a single day E max <5E+03J.

[0008] In the first aspect, the minor rockburst level must meet the following requirements: the number of microseismic events is 10≤N<25, the daily cumulative microseismic event radiation energy is 1E+04J≤E n <1E+06J, the radiation energy of the maximum microseismic event in a single day is 5E+03J≤E max <1E+04J at least one.

[0009] In the first aspect, the medium rockburst level must meet the following conditions: the number of microseismic events is 25≤N<50, the daily cumulative microseismic event radiation energy is 1E+05J≤E n <1E+06J, the radiation energy of the maximum microseismic event in a single day is 1E+45J≤E max <1E+05J at least one.

[0010] In the first aspect, the severe rockburst level needs to meet the following conditions: the number of microseismic events N>50, the daily cumulative microseismic event radiation energy E n >1E+06J, the radiation energy of the maximum microseismic event in a single day E max >At least one of 1E+05J.

[0011] In the first aspect, the parameters of the TBM include the cutter head speed RPM, the cutter head torque T, the TBM excavation speed PR, the TBM thrust F and the penetration per revolution P; the unit of the cutter head speed RPM is rev / min; the unit of the cutter head torque T is KN˙m; the unit of the TBM excavation speed PR is mm / min; the unit of the TBM thrust F is MN; the unit of the penetration per revolution P is mm.

[0012] In the first aspect, the parameters of the TBM during the TBM excavation process corresponding to each rock burst level are different, specifically including: when there is no rock burst level, the cutter head speed is RPM 0 , Cutter torque T 0 , TBM excavation speed PR 0 , TBM thrust F 0 and penetration per revolution P 0 ; In the case of a slight rock burst, the cutter head speed is RPM 1 , Cutter torque T 1 , TBM excavation speed PR 1 , TBM thrust F 1 and penetration per revolution P 1 ; In the case of medium rock burst, the cutter head speed is slightly RPM 2 , Cutter torque T 2 , TBM excavation speed PR 2 , TBM thrust F 2 and penetration per revolution P 2 ; In the case of severe rock burst, the cutter head speed is RPM 3 , Cutter torque T 3 , TBM excavation speed PR 3 , TBM thrust F 3 and penetration per revolution P 3. .

[0013] In the first aspect, the method for establishing a TBM jam warning method based on the rock burst level by combining the relationship between the size of the TBM parameter and the rock burst level specifically includes: when the cutter head speed is slightly RPM 0 , Cutter torque T 0 , TBM excavation speed PR 0 , TBM thrust F 0 and penetration per revolution P 0 When the rockburst level is any one of slight rockburst, moderate rockburst and severe rockburst, an early warning will be issued; if the rockburst level is no rockburst, no early warning will be issued.

[0014] In the first aspect, the real-time collection of microseismic data and the corresponding surrounding rock status specifically includes: during the TBM excavation process, using microseismic sensors to monitor in real time to obtain microseismic waveform data; when the surrounding rock is in the state of rock burst, the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of the radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event logE, and the moment magnitude M are obtained based on the real-time monitored microseismic waveform data; a spatial distribution map of TBM microseismic activity and a microseismic time evolution law map are drawn to determine the rock burst level of the surrounding rock.

[0015] In the first aspect, the method for early warning of TBM jam based on the rock burst level is used to adjust the parameters of the TBM in real time and issue an early warning prompt, which specifically includes: after determining the rock burst level of the surrounding rock, adjusting the cutter head speed of the TBM to RPM 0 , Cutter torque T 0 , TBM excavation speed PR 0 , TBM thrust F 0 and penetration per revolution P 0 , continue normal excavation for one week, use microseismic sensors to monitor in real time and obtain the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of the radiation energy of microseismic events in a single day logE, and the moment magnitude M of the surrounding rock within one week, draw the spatial distribution map of TBM microseismic activity and the microseismic time evolution law map, and determine the rockburst level of the surrounding rock. If the rockburst level is any one of slight rockburst, moderate rockburst and strong rockburst, there is a risk of TBM jamming and an early warning prompt is issued; if the rockburst level is no rockburst, there is no early warning prompt and the TBM excavation is normal.

[0016] Beneficial effects:

[0017] The invention discloses a TBM jam warning method for hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring. The method obtains the change of surrounding rock when rock burst occurs through the collected TBM historical microseismic monitoring data. Then, the rock burst is divided into four levels: no rock burst, slight rock burst, moderate rock burst and severe rock burst through the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of radiation energy of microseismic events in a single day logE and the magnitude of moment magnitude M obtained by monitoring when rock burst occurs. The single-day cumulative radiation energy E of microseismic events can be obtained through the logarithm of radiation energy of microseismic events in a single day logE n and the maximum radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event E max; The parameters of the TBM in the TBM excavation process corresponding to each rockburst level are different. According to the relationship between the TBM parameters and the rockburst level, a TBM jam warning method based on the rockburst level is constructed to provide support for whether to issue warnings in the future; When the surrounding rock changes during the TBM excavation process, the change is the surrounding rock change obtained by analysis when the rockburst occurs, and then the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of the radiation energy of the microseismic event in a single day logE and the moment magnitude M are obtained according to the waveform data monitored in real time by the microseismic sensor, so as to obtain the rockburst level of the surrounding rock; After determining the rockburst level of the surrounding rock, the parameters of the TBM are adjusted to the parameters when there is no rockburst, and the TBM continues to excavate for 1 week. At the same time, through microseismic The sensor monitors the waveform data of the surrounding rock in real time, and determines the rockburst level of the surrounding rock according to the waveform data of the surrounding rock obtained by real-time monitoring after one week. If the rockburst level of the surrounding rock is any one of slight rockburst, moderate rockburst and severe rockburst, an early warning prompt is issued; through the hard mixed rock tunnel TBM jam early warning method based on microseismic monitoring of the present invention, the excavation status of the TBM and the surrounding rock status during the TBM excavation process can be timely and effectively grasped, based on the observation of the surrounding rock status, the rockburst data based on microseismic monitoring is timely processed and analyzed in real time, so as to adjust the parameters of the TBM, and continue to monitor for one week, and the rockburst data based on microseismic monitoring is processed and analyzed in real time, so as to give early warning prompts for possible jams of the TBM. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the rockburst classification process and the surrounding rock state determination when rockburst occurs in the hard mixed rock tunnel TBM jam warning method based on microseismic monitoring of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of how to generate early warning prompts in the invented method for early warning of TBM jam in hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the microseismic waveform of the TBM in a state without rock burst;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of TBM microseismic activity in a state without rock burst;

[0023] Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of the microseismic waveform of the TBM in a slight rock burst state;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of microseismic activity of TBM in a slight rockburst state;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the microseismic waveform of the TBM in a moderate rock burst state;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of microseismic activity of TBM in a moderate rockburst state;

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the microseismic waveform of the TBM in a strong rock burst state;

[0028] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of TBM microseismic activity under a strong rockburst state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this specification to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this specification, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the present embodiment 1 provides a TBM jam warning method for a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring, and the TBM jam warning method for a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring includes: collecting historical microseismic monitoring data of the TBM, and obtaining the state of the surrounding rock when the rock burst occurs based on the change law of the surrounding rock of the TBM under rock bursts of different energy sizes; dividing the rock burst level into four levels: no rock burst, slight rock burst, moderate rock burst, and severe rock burst based on the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of the radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event logE, and the magnitude of the moment magnitude M under rock bursts of different energy sizes; each of the rock burst levels corresponds to The sizes of the TBM parameters are different during the TBM excavation process; by combining the relationship between the sizes of the TBM parameters and the rock burst level, a TBM jam warning method based on the rock burst level is established; microseismic data and the corresponding surrounding rock status are collected in real time, and according to the above-mentioned TBM jam warning method based on the rock burst level, the parameters of the TBM are adjusted in real time to issue a warning prompt; the value of the number of microseismic events N is not less than 0; the unit of the microseismic waveform amplitude A is m / s; the unit of the number of microseismic events N is pieces / day; the unit of the logarithm of the radiation energy of the single-day microseismic event logE is J˙day.

[0032] The invention discloses a TBM jam warning method for hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring. The method obtains the change of surrounding rock when rock burst occurs through the collected TBM historical microseismic monitoring data. Then, the rock burst is divided into four levels: no rock burst, slight rock burst, moderate rock burst and severe rock burst through the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of radiation energy of microseismic events in a single day logE and the magnitude of moment magnitude M obtained by monitoring when rock burst occurs. The single-day cumulative radiation energy E of microseismic events can be obtained through the logarithm of radiation energy of microseismic events in a single day logE n and the maximum radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event E max ; The parameters of the TBM in the TBM excavation process corresponding to each rockburst level are different. According to the relationship between the TBM parameters and the rockburst level, a TBM jam warning method based on the rockburst level is constructed to provide support for whether to issue warnings in the future; When the surrounding rock changes during the TBM excavation process, the change is the surrounding rock change obtained by analysis when the rockburst occurs, and then the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of the radiation energy of the microseismic event in a single day logE and the moment magnitude M are obtained according to the waveform data monitored in real time by the microseismic sensor, so as to obtain the rockburst level of the surrounding rock; After determining the rockburst level of the surrounding rock, the parameters of the TBM are adjusted to the parameters when there is no rockburst, and the TBM continues to excavate for 1 week. At the same time, through microseismic The sensor monitors the waveform data of the surrounding rock in real time, and determines the rockburst level of the surrounding rock according to the waveform data of the surrounding rock obtained by real-time monitoring after one week. If the rockburst level of the surrounding rock is any one of slight rockburst, moderate rockburst and severe rockburst, an early warning prompt is issued; through the hard mixed rock tunnel TBM jam early warning method based on microseismic monitoring of the present invention, the excavation status of the TBM and the surrounding rock status during the TBM excavation process can be timely and effectively grasped, based on the observation of the surrounding rock status, the rockburst data based on microseismic monitoring is timely processed and analyzed in real time, so as to adjust the parameters of the TBM, and continue to monitor for one week, and the rockburst data based on microseismic monitoring is processed and analyzed in real time, so as to give early warning prompts for possible jams of the TBM.

[0033] In some possible implementations, the rockburst-free level must simultaneously satisfy the following conditions: the number of microseismic events N < 10, the daily cumulative microseismic event radiation energy E n <1E+04J; the radiation energy of the maximum microseismic event in a single day is E max <5E+03J; the minor rockburst level must meet the following requirements: the number of microseismic events 10≤N<25, the cumulative radiation energy of microseismic events in a single day 1E+04J≤E n <1E+06J, the radiation energy of the maximum microseismic event in a single day is 5E+03J≤E max<1E+04J; the medium rockburst level must meet the following conditions: the number of microseismic events is 25≤N<50, the single-day cumulative microseismic event radiation energy is 1E+05J≤E n <1E+06J, the radiation energy of the maximum microseismic event in a single day is 1E+45J≤E max <1E+05J; the strong rockburst level must meet the following conditions: the number of microseismic events N>50, the single-day cumulative microseismic event radiation energy E n >1E+06J, the radiation energy of the maximum microseismic event in a single day E max >At least one of 1E+05J.

[0034] Specifically, according to the collected TBM historical microseismic monitoring data, based on the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of the radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event logE and the magnitude of the moment magnitude M under rockbursts of different energy sizes, the rockburst level is divided into four levels: no rockburst, slight rockburst, moderate rockburst and strong rockburst. The logarithm of the radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event logE can be used to obtain the cumulative radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event E. n and the maximum radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event E max Each rockburst level has its corresponding microseismic event number range, single-day cumulative microseismic event radiation energy E n Range, maximum radiation energy of microseismic events in a single day E max The range is shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1 Four rockburst grade identification criteria

[0036]

[0037] The four rockburst grade discrimination criteria in Table 1 also include: 1. When there is no rockburst warning, the number of microseismic events, daily accumulation and maximum microseismic event radiation energy indicators must be met at the same time; 2. According to the principle of higher rather than lower, for minor rockbursts and above, as long as at least one of the number of microseismic events, daily accumulation and maximum microseismic event radiation energy indicators is met, the corresponding grade of rockburst warning is issued.

[0038] In some possible implementations, the parameters of the TBM include cutterhead speed RPM, cutterhead torque T, TBM excavation speed PR, TBM thrust F and penetration per revolution P; the unit of the cutterhead speed RPM is rev / min; the unit of the cutterhead torque T is KN˙m; the unit of the TBM excavation speed PR is mm / min; the unit of the TBM thrust F is MN; the unit of the penetration per revolution P is mm; the size of the TBM parameters during the TBM excavation process corresponding to each rock burst level is different, specifically including: when there is no rock burst level, the cutterhead speed is RPM 0 , Cutter torque T 0, TBM excavation speed PR 0 , TBM thrust F 0 and penetration per revolution P 0 ; In the case of a slight rock burst, the cutter head speed is RPM 1 , Cutter torque T 1 , TBM excavation speed PR 1 , TBM thrust F 1 and penetration per revolution P 1 ; In the case of medium rock burst, the cutter head speed is slightly RPM 2 , Cutter torque T 2 , TBM excavation speed PR 2 , TBM thrust F 2 and penetration per revolution P 2 ; In the case of severe rock burst, the cutter head speed is RPM 3 , Cutter torque T 3 , TBM excavation speed PR 3 , TBM thrust F 3 and penetration per revolution P 3 The method of establishing a TBM jam warning method based on the rock burst level by combining the relationship between the size of the TBM parameters and the rock burst level specifically includes: when the cutter head speed is slightly RPM 0 , Cutter torque T 0 , TBM excavation speed PR 0 , TBM thrust F 0 and penetration per revolution P 0 When the rockburst level is any one of slight rockburst, moderate rockburst and severe rockburst, an early warning will be issued; if the rockburst level is no rockburst, no early warning will be issued.

[0039] Specifically, under different rock burst levels, the values ​​of the cutter head speed RPM, cutter head torque T, TBM excavation speed PR, TBM thrust F and penetration per revolution P of the TBM excavation are different. By determining the parameter values ​​of the TBM corresponding to the rock burst level, the TBM parameters can be adjusted to the value of no rock burst after the rock burst level of the surrounding rock is determined for subsequent changes in the surrounding rock state. This is to monitor whether the rock burst level of the surrounding rock is no rock burst after the TBM continues to excavate for one week under the TBM parameters of no rock burst. If the rock burst level of the surrounding rock is any one of slight rock burst, moderate rock burst and severe rock burst after adjusting the TBM parameters, an early warning prompt will be issued.

[0040] In some possible implementations, the real-time collection of microseismic data and the corresponding surrounding rock status specifically includes: during the TBM excavation process, using microseismic sensors to monitor in real time to obtain microseismic waveform data; when the surrounding rock is in the state of rock burst, the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of the radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event logE, and the moment magnitude M are obtained based on the real-time monitored microseismic waveform data; a spatial distribution map of TBM microseismic activity and a map of the time evolution of microseismic activity are drawn to determine the rock burst level of the surrounding rock.

[0041] Specifically, when the surrounding rock is found to be in a state of rockburst, the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of the radiation energy of the microseismic event in a single day logE and the magnitude of the moment magnitude M can be obtained according to the waveform data monitored by the microseismic sensor, and thus the rockburst grade of the surrounding rock can be determined according to the judgment criteria in Table 1; Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Fig. 9 These are the TBM microseismic waveforms under the conditions of no rockburst, slight rockburst, moderate rockburst, and severe rockburst. Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Fig.10 These are the spatial distribution diagrams of TBM microseismic activities under the conditions of no rockburst, slight rockburst, moderate rockburst and strong rockburst. It can be seen from the figure that the number of microseismic events under the conditions of no rockburst, slight rockburst, moderate rockburst and strong rockburst are all within the range of the judgment criteria in Table 1.

[0042] In some possible implementations, the method for early warning of a TBM jam based on the rockburst level is used to adjust the parameters of the TBM in real time and issue an early warning prompt, specifically including: after determining the rockburst level of the surrounding rock, adjusting the cutter head speed of the TBM to RPM 0 , Cutter torque T 0 , TBM excavation speed PR 0 , TBM thrust F 0 and penetration per revolution P 0 , continue normal excavation for one week, use microseismic sensors to monitor in real time and obtain the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of the radiation energy of microseismic events in a single day logE, and the moment magnitude M of the surrounding rock within one week, draw the spatial distribution map of TBM microseismic activity and the microseismic time evolution law map, and determine the rockburst level of the surrounding rock. If the rockburst level is any one of slight rockburst, moderate rockburst and strong rockburst, there is a risk of TBM jamming and an early warning prompt is issued; if the rockburst level is no rockburst, there is no early warning prompt and the TBM excavation is normal.

[0043] Specifically, after determining the rockburst level of the surrounding rock, the parameters of the TBM are adjusted to the corresponding parameter values ​​of the rockburst level being no rockburst. The TBM continues to excavate for one week. During the TBM excavation process, real-time monitoring is performed using microseismic sensors to determine the rockburst level of the surrounding rock after one week of excavation. If the rockburst level is still one of slight rockburst, moderate rockburst and severe rockburst, there is a risk of TBM jamming and an early warning is issued. If the rockburst level is no rockburst, the TBM excavates normally.

[0044] The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. It should be understood that a person skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes based on the concept of the present invention without creative work. Therefore, any technical solution that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the concept of the present invention on the basis of the prior art should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A TBM jam warning method for hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring, characterized in that: The hard mixed rock tunnel TBM jam warning method based on microseismic monitoring includes: Collect the historical microseismic monitoring data of the TBM, and obtain the surrounding rock state when the rock burst occurs based on the change law of the surrounding rock of the TBM under rock bursts of different energy levels; Based on the amplitude A of microseismic waveform, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of radiation energy of microseismic events per day logE and the magnitude of moment magnitude M under rockbursts of different energy sizes, the rockburst levels are divided into four levels: no rockburst, slight rockburst, moderate rockburst and severe rockburst. The magnitude of the TBM parameter during the TBM excavation process corresponding to each rockburst level is different; by combining the relationship between the magnitude of the TBM parameter and the rockburst level, a TBM jam warning method based on the rockburst level is established; Collect microseismic data and corresponding surrounding rock conditions in real time, adjust the parameters of the TBM in real time and issue a warning prompt according to the TBM jam warning method based on the rockburst level; The value of the number of microseismic events N is not less than 0; The unit of the microseismic waveform amplitude A is m / s; the unit of the number of microseismic events N is number / day; the unit of the logarithm of the radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event logE is J˙day.

2. The method for early warning of a TBM jam in a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rockburst-free level must also meet the following requirements: the number of microseismic events N < 10, the daily cumulative microseismic event radiation energy E n <1E+04J, the maximum radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event E max <5E+03J.

3. The method for early warning of a TBM jam in a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The minor rockburst level must meet the following requirements: the number of microseismic events is 10≤N<25, the cumulative radiation energy of microseismic events in a single day is 1E+04J≤E n <1E+06J, the maximum radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event is 5E+03J≤E max <1E+04J at least one.

4. The method for early warning of a TBM jam in a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium rockburst level must meet the following requirements: the number of microseismic events is 25≤N<50, the cumulative radiation energy of microseismic events in a single day is 1E+05J≤E n <1E+06J, the maximum radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event is 1E+45J≤E max <1E+05J at least one.

5. The method for early warning of a TBM jam in a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The severe rockburst level must meet the following requirements: the number of microseismic events N>50, the daily cumulative microseismic event radiation energy E n >1E+06J, the maximum radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event E max >At least one of 1E+05J.

6. The method for early warning of a TBM jam in a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameters of the TBM include the cutterhead speed RPM, the cutterhead torque T, the TBM excavation speed PR, the TBM thrust F and the penetration per revolution P; the unit of the cutterhead speed RPM is rev / min; the unit of the cutterhead torque T is KN˙m; the unit of the TBM excavation speed PR is mm / min; the unit of the TBM thrust F is MN; the unit of the penetration per revolution P is mm.

7. The method for early warning of a TBM jam in a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring according to claim 6, characterized in that: The different sizes of the TBM parameters during the TBM excavation process corresponding to each rock burst level specifically include: in the case of no rock burst level, the cutter head speed is RPM0, the cutter head torque is T0, the TBM excavation speed is PR0, the TBM thrust is F0 and the penetration per revolution is P0; in the case of slight rock burst level, the cutter head speed is RPM1, the cutter head torque is T1, the TBM excavation speed is PR1, the TBM thrust is F1 and the penetration per revolution is P1; in the case of medium rock burst level, the cutter head speed is RPM2, the cutter head torque is T2, the TBM excavation speed is PR2, the TBM thrust is F2 and the penetration per revolution is P2; in the case of severe rock burst level, the cutter head speed is RPM3, the cutter head torque is T3, the TBM excavation speed is PR3, the TBM thrust is F3 and the penetration per revolution is P3.

8. The method for early warning of a TBM jam in a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The TBM jam warning method based on the rock burst level is established by combining the relationship between the size of the TBM parameters and the rock burst level, specifically including: when the cutter head speed is RPM0, the cutter head torque is T0, the TBM excavation speed is PR0, the TBM thrust is F0 and the penetration per revolution is P0, and the rock burst level is any one of slight rock burst, moderate rock burst and severe rock burst, an early warning prompt occurs; if the rock burst level is no rock burst, no early warning prompt occurs.

9. The method for early warning of a TBM jam in a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time collection of microseismic data and the corresponding surrounding rock status specifically includes: during the TBM excavation process, using microseismic sensors to monitor in real time to obtain microseismic waveform data; when the surrounding rock is in the state of rock burst, the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of the radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event logE, and the moment magnitude M are obtained based on the real-time monitored microseismic waveform data; a spatial distribution diagram of TBM microseismic activity and a diagram of microseismic time evolution are drawn to determine the rock burst level of the surrounding rock.

10. The method for early warning of a TBM jam in a hard mixed rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for early warning of TBM jam based on the rock burst level is used to adjust the parameters of the TBM in real time and issue an early warning prompt, specifically including: after determining the rock burst level of the surrounding rock, adjusting the cutter head speed of the TBM to RPM0, the cutter head torque to T0, the TBM excavation speed to PR0, the TBM thrust to F0 and the penetration per revolution to P0, continuing normal excavation for one week, using microseismic sensors to monitor in real time and obtain the microseismic waveform amplitude A, the number of microseismic events N, the logarithm of the radiation energy of a single-day microseismic event logE and the moment magnitude M of the surrounding rock within one week, drawing a spatial distribution diagram of TBM microseismic activity and a diagram of the time evolution law of microseismic activity, determining the rock burst level of the surrounding rock, if the rock burst level is any one of slight rock burst, moderate rock burst and strong rock burst, there is a risk of TBM jam and an early warning prompt is issued; if the rock burst level is no rock burst, there is no early warning prompt and the TBM excavates normally.

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