Integrated equipment for drilling holes and vertical burying of straw in saline-alkali land and improved method for increasing infiltration of vertical holes

Abstract

The invention proposes an integrated device for drilling holes and vertically burying straw in saline-alkali land and a vertical hole infiltration improvement method, belonging to the technical field of soil drilling and saline-alkali land improvement; the integrated device for drilling holes and vertically burying straw in saline-alkali land comprises a frame, on which at least one group of drilling mechanisms, feeding mechanisms and soil covering mechanisms are arranged in sequence from front to back, and the frame is connected to a power device; the vertical hole infiltration improvement method for saline-alkali land comprises the following steps: S1: making straw bundles; S2: leveling the land; S3: drilling holes in saline soil to form vertical holes; S4: placing straw bundles in the vertical holes; S5: covering and burying them; S6: leaching the saline soil, and the straw bundles accelerate vertical drainage and salt removal; S7: after the straw bundles are buried for several years, repositioning and re-drilling to bury new straw bundles again; the invention can realize the integrated automation of drilling, feeding and soil covering, and improve the efficiency of vertical straw burying; by adopting the vertical high-efficiency infiltration improvement method, the clay sandwich structure saline soil can be improved efficiently, ecologically and continuously.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil drilling and saline-alkali land improvement, and in particular to saline-alkali land drilling and straw vertical burying integrated equipment and a vertical hole infiltration improvement method. Background Art

[0002] Clay saline soil in saline-alkali land is a type of saline-alkali land that is more difficult to manage, including saline soil with clay interlayer structure, which is also difficult to manage. The saline-alkali lands in major estuary deltas in the world are generally characterized by layered sedimentation. For example, the Yellow River Delta has a complex soil source and formation process, and a clay interlayer structure is very common. The soil permeability coefficient of this structure is low, it is easy to be waterlogged, the salt is washed slowly, and it is difficult to improve. High-pressure salt irrigation and drainage improvement technology is basically ineffective for clay saline-alkali soils or clay interlayer soils with extremely poor permeability. Deep plowing and deep loosening have a short maintenance time. The underground pipe drainage technology alone can effectively control the groundwater level, but it cannot quickly drain the stagnant water in the upper layer. Therefore, it is urgent to develop vertical infiltration technology to break the clay layer blockage, solve the drainage problem in the soil, and then speed up the discharge of salt, and at the same time, it is necessary to consider the synergy of multiple functions such as ecology and efficiency.

[0003] Returning straw to the field is an important agronomic measure. Reasonable straw return to the field can promote the increase of nutrient content, improve soil moisture retention capacity, and improve soil. Traditional straw return to the field still mostly adopts the method of simply crushing the straw and then turning it over and shallowly burying it, or mixing it with the soil. After long-term application, the surface soil will gradually become too fluffy, unable to effectively retain water, making it difficult to ensure that crops take root, and a large number of diseases and insect pests will increase. For example, studies have shown that deep straw return to the field has great potential in deep soil improvement, salt barrier, carbon fixation, etc. Through simple treatment of straw, a lot of exploration has also been done to enhance soil drainage and salt removal.

[0004] In the field of farmland drainage and salt removal, in addition to the traditional straw return to the field to increase the permeability of the surface soil, the straw is mainly buried in the soil horizontally in the form of drainage bodies such as straw ropes and straw bundles, replacing the traditional concealed pipes as an ecological drainage method. For example, the invention patent with application number 2020102516443 proposes a straw rope mouseway deep buried field return machine, which essentially mainly plays the role of straw replacing concealed pipes, but the improvement effect on clay saline soil and clay interlayer saline soil may not be obvious. The invention patent with patent application number 2012100990676 proposes a product that uses local cotton straw as the main drainage material to replace the horizontal saline-alkali land concealed pipe drainage. This invention is relatively green and environmentally friendly, and the construction is simple, but it also needs to be filled with stones around the horizontally buried straw, which still increases the cost and consumption of sand and gravel resources. The sustainability of the effect remains to be tested, and it has no additional effect on the improvement of clay saline soil.

[0005] In addition, in the field of saline-alkali land improvement, some people also use sand hole vertical infiltration technology. For example, the patent application with application number 2022114259020 discloses a clay saline-alkali soil salt control drainage system and its application. This method mainly builds a large-diameter infiltration channel based on graded sand and gravel on the underground pipe. The channel is filled with graded sand and gravel, which is conducive to the rapid infiltration of surface water. However, it consumes a lot of sand and gravel resources, and it is inconvenient to cultivate the surface. Its drainage principle is still mainly based on the penetration test into the drainage underground pipe. Due to the small number of buried pipes, the drainage effect may be limited to a certain extent.

[0006] In summary, in the field of farmland, straw is mainly used as a horizontal drainage body to replace the traditional plastic concealed pipe drainage. In addition, there is also a technology that uses large-diameter sand and gravel vertical channels connected to the traditional concealed pipe system to accelerate the drainage and salt removal of farmland soil. At present, there is no ecological and efficient infiltration improvement technology for the widely distributed saline soil with clay interlayers. Therefore, in the face of the improvement difficulties of saline soil with clay interlayers in practice, there is an urgent need for an ecological vertical and efficient infiltration improvement method and its special supporting equipment for implementing this method, which can not only efficiently, ecologically and continuously improve the saline soil with clay interlayer structure, but also expand the utilization path of straw resources, and coordinate multiple goals of controlling waterlogging, draining salt, cultivating fertilizer, and fixing carbon. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. To this end, the present invention proposes an integrated device for drilling holes and vertical burying of straw in saline-alkali land and a vertical hole infiltration improvement method. The present invention can realize the integrated automation of drilling, feeding, and covering with soil, greatly improving the efficiency of vertical burying of straw; by adopting a vertical high-efficiency infiltration improvement method, it can not only efficiently, ecologically, and continuously improve the saline soil with clay sandwich structure, but also expand the utilization path of straw resources, and coordinate multiple goals of controlling waterlogging, draining salt, cultivating fertilizer, and fixing carbon.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

[0009] In the first aspect, the technical solution proposes an integrated device for drilling holes and vertically burying straw in saline-alkali land, comprising a frame, on which at least one set of drilling mechanisms, feeding mechanisms and soil covering mechanisms are arranged in sequence from front to back, and the frame is connected to a power device;

[0010] A drilling mechanism for drilling a vertical hole in saline soil;

[0011] The feeding mechanism comprises a storage bin for storing straw bundles, and the bottom of the storage bin is inclined; a pushing assembly is arranged in the storage bin for sorting and unloading the straw bundles; the pushing assembly comprises a roller shaft, and the roller shaft can be rotatably connected in the storage bin; the roller shaft is provided with a plurality of equally spaced leaf plates along the circumference, and the space between two adjacent leaf plates can only accommodate one straw bundle; a discharging hopper is also arranged at the bottom of one side of the storage bin for receiving the straw bundle guided out by the pushing assembly; an inclined guide ramp is arranged in the discharging hopper; the discharging hopper has a discharging port, and a vertically arranged feeding tube is connected to the discharging port, and the straw bundle is guided from horizontal to vertical by the feeding tube and falls into the vertical hole;

[0012] The soil covering mechanism is used for covering and burying the straw bundles put into the vertical hole.

[0013] Preferably, the drilling mechanism includes a cross beam and two groups of supports, and the supports are fixedly connected to a frame; both ends of the cross beam are slidably connected to the supports, and the cross beam can move up and down along the supports; the cross beam is connected to a spiral drill rod, and the frame is provided with a through hole for the spiral drill rod to pass through; the top of the spiral drill rod is transmission-connected to a driving mechanism for realizing the rotation of the spiral drill rod; a lifting assembly is provided under the cross beam, and the top of the lifting assembly is connected to the cross beam, and the bottom is connected to the frame, for realizing the lifting and lowering adjustment of the spiral drill rod.

[0014] Preferably, the soil covering mechanism is a rotary tiller group, which includes a rotary tiller shaft, a rotary tiller seat and a rotary tiller blade. The rotary tiller seat is connected to the frame, the rotary tiller shaft is rotatably connected to the rotary tiller seat, and a plurality of the rotary tiller blades are arranged on the rotary tiller shaft.

[0015] Preferably, the feeding mechanism also includes an auxiliary guide for realizing a rapid transition of the straw bundle from horizontal to vertical; the auxiliary guide includes a signal generating unit and a pressing unit for pressing down one end of the straw bundle; the signal generating unit includes an impeller, and a plurality of paddles are provided on the impeller, and the structure formed by the impeller and the paddles is the same as the structure of the pushing assembly; the impeller is arranged outside the storage bin, and the impeller is coaxially connected to the roller shaft; a pressing column is slidably connected to the outer wall of the storage bin; a compression spring is sleeved on the pressing column, one end of the compression spring is connected to the outer wall of the pressing column, and the other end is connected to the outer wall of the storage bin; the The page plate can cooperate with the end of the pressing column during rotation to realize the pressing and releasing of the pressing column; it also includes a touch switch used in conjunction with the pressing column, the touch switch is electrically connected to the control circuit board, and the control circuit board is electrically connected to the main controller; the pressing unit includes a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the storage bin, and the rotating shaft is connected to a shifting tooth, and the shifting tooth can press down the end of the straw bundle close to the feeding barrel when rotating; one end of the rotating shaft extends out of the storage bin and is connected to a gear, and the gear is meshed with a rack, and one end of the rack is connected to a first electric cylinder, and the first electric cylinder is electrically connected to the main controller.

[0016] Preferably, the auxiliary guide also includes a lifting unit for lifting the other end of the straw bundle; the lifting unit includes a second electric cylinder arranged below the guide inclined plate, the piston rod of the second electric cylinder is connected to a lifting plate, the guide inclined plate is provided with a mounting hole, and the lifting plate is located in the mounting hole; the second electric cylinder is electrically connected to the main controller.

[0017] In the second aspect, the technical solution also proposes a method for improving the infiltration of saline-alkali land by vertical holes, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1: Processing and making straw bundles that meet the requirements;

[0019] S2: Level the land;

[0020] S3: drilling in saline soil to form vertical holes that penetrate the clay interlayer;

[0021] S4: After the drilling is completed, the straw bundle is placed in the vertical hole;

[0022] S5: Cover the straw bundles and vertical holes with soil;

[0023] Among them, the methods in S3 to S5 are implemented using the above-mentioned integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertically burying straw;

[0024] S6: Use irrigation water or rainwater to wash saline soil, and straw bundles to accelerate vertical drainage and salt removal;

[0025] S7: After the straw bundles have been buried for several years, when the water seepage function of the straw bundles has seriously declined, the straw bundles are relocated and re-drilled to bury new ones.

[0026] Preferably, the straw bundle in S1 is a straw rope or a reed straw, and the top of the straw bundle is sealed and tied with a degradable fiber cloth to form a sealed end; the manufacturing methods are as follows: if a straw rope is used, the straw bundle is woven and wound by the straw rope according to the diameter of the drill hole, and the top is sealed and tied with a degradable fiber cloth; if a reed straw is used, the straw bundle is formed by tightly bundling dense bundles of reed straw with hemp rope, and the top is sealed and tied with a degradable fiber cloth.

[0027] Preferably, the sealed end of the straw bundle is arranged upward; the diameter of the vertical hole is 5 cm or 10 cm, and the depth is 80 cm; the length of the straw bundle is 60 cm, and the diameter is 4 cm or 9 cm.

[0028] Preferably, the method in S3 to S5 is implemented by using the integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertically burying straws in the following specific steps:

[0029] Step-a: Connect the integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertical burying of straw to the power equipment;

[0030] Step-b: Place the prepared straw bundles neatly in the storage bin;

[0031] Step-c: Start the power equipment to reach the specified position;

[0032] Step-d: Start the integrated equipment for drilling holes and vertically burying straw in saline-alkali land, control the drilling mechanism through the control system, and form a vertical hole in the saline soil; control the feeding mechanism through the control system, start the pushing assembly, and push the straw bundles out of the storage bin in sequence. The straw bundles fall into the discharge hopper, and under the action of the guide inclined plate, the straw bundles slide down along the guide inclined plate and fall into the vertical hole through the feeding tube;

[0033] Step-e: Control the power equipment to reach the next position; during the movement of the power equipment, the soil covering mechanism is activated to cover the opened vertical holes and the straw bundles in the vertical holes with soil;

[0034] Step-f: With the continuous movement of the power equipment, the integrated actions of drilling, feeding and covering soil at other points are completed.

[0035] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The integrated equipment for drilling and vertical burying of straw in saline-alkali land designed by the present invention adopts an integrated mode of front-end drilling, middle-end feeding and rear-end covering, which improves the efficiency of vertical burying of straw, saves time and labor, and can realize standardized and high-quality vertical burying of straw bundles.

[0037] 2. In the device of the present invention, an auxiliary guide is provided in the feeding mechanism, which can quickly turn the pushed straw bundle from a horizontal state to a vertical state during feeding, preventing the straw bundle from being stuck and unable to turn over, thereby ensuring the normal feeding. The auxiliary guide utilizes the rotation time difference of each toggle plate, that is, the rotation time difference of each leaf plate, to generate a signal, ensuring that when pressing down or pushing up the straw bundle, there can be only one straw bundle in the discharge hopper, thereby achieving accurate delivery of the straw bundle.

[0038] 3. The improved method proposed in the present invention, on the one hand, utilizes straw bundles to accelerate vertical drainage and salt removal, and on the other hand, is similar to the effect of returning straw deeply to the field to increase carbon and improve fertilizer. It is not only beneficial to the resource utilization of straw, but also can enhance the soil carbon fixation effect, and achieve the synergy of multiple goals of controlling waterlogging, draining salt, improving fertilizer, and increasing carbon.

[0039] 4. Based on the fact that the main active layer of most crop roots is between 20cm and 60cm, the straw bundle is buried at a depth of 80cm, which can not only ensure the anti-waterlogging requirements of crop roots, but also meet the needs of salt leaching to deep layers and lateral discharge with drainage, and can also ensure that rainwater and irrigation water do not penetrate into the bottom layer and lose too quickly, causing water resource waste. The straw bundle is 60cm long, and its upper end is backfilled with soil 20cm away from the surface. On the one hand, it can prevent the accumulated surface washing salt or precipitation from being directly discharged without the salt washing link of the soil. On the other hand, it does not affect farming, and can also prevent the buried straw bundle from being partially or completely pulled out during daily land rotary tillage, affecting drainage. This method uses multiple vertical holes arranged at a certain reasonable density, instead of taking deep plowing measures to disrupt the soil layer, the range of soil disturbance is small, and the overall vertical permeability of the soil is greatly improved. It is water-permeable and breathable, which can not only ensure the smooth downward flow of waterlogging or leaching salt water in the upper layer, but also give full play to the characteristics of the interlayer that can control the upward movement of salt, which is conducive to long-term salt control and root respiration.

[0040] 5. After the straw bundles are decomposed, they can increase the organic matter in the middle and deep layers of the soil, which not only improves the overall soil fertility, but also helps to stabilize the soil carbon fixation. When the vertically buried straw bundles are decomposed and the drainage function decreases, they can be moved and drilled and buried again. By repeating this cycle, the soil structure and physical and chemical properties of the 60-80cm layer of saline-alkali land can be fundamentally stabilized and improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is the structural three-dimensional structure of the integrated equipment for drilling holes and vertical burying of straw in saline-alkali land after installation. Figure 1 .

[0042] Figure 2 It is the structural three-dimensional structure of the integrated equipment for drilling holes and vertical burying of straw in saline-alkali land after installation. Figure 2 .

[0043] Figure 3This is a side view of the structure of the integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertical burying of straw after installation.

[0044] Figure 4 It is the structural three-dimensional structure of the integrated equipment for drilling holes and vertical burying of straw in saline-alkali land before installation. Figure 1 .

[0045] Figure 5 It is the structural three-dimensional structure of the integrated equipment for drilling holes and vertical burying of straw in saline-alkali land before installation. Figure 2 .

[0046] Figure 6 It is a structural stereogram of the feeding mechanism in the present invention.

[0047] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of the feeding mechanism.

[0048] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 Structural wireframe diagram of the central feed structure at work.

[0049] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the straw is vertically buried in the present invention.

[0050] Fig.10 It is a top view of the vertical hole.

[0051] Fig.11 It is a top view of the structure of another type of soil covering mechanism.

[0052] Fig.12 It is a structural stereogram of the signal generating unit in the auxiliary guide.

[0053] Fig.13 yes Fig.12 A three-dimensional diagram of the downward pressure unit structure in the auxiliary guide from another perspective.

[0054] Fig.14 yes Fig.12 Left view of the structure of the signal generating unit in the auxiliary guide.

[0055] Fig.15 It is a structural stereogram of the upper top unit in the auxiliary guide.

[0056] In the figure:

[0057] a2, vertical hole; a3, saline soil; a4, first clay interlayer; a5, second clay interlayer;

[0058] 1. Power equipment; 2. Frame; 201. Through hole; 3. Travel wheel; 4. Drilling mechanism; 5. Feeding mechanism; 6. Covering mechanism; 7. Straw bundle; 41. Support; 411. Slide; 42. Crossbeam; 43. Base; 44. First motor; 45. Transmission assembly; 46. Auger rod; 47. Lifting assembly; 51. Storage bin; 52. Support column; 53. Pushing assembly; 531. Roller; 532. Leaf plate; 54. Feeding barrel; 55. Discharging hopper; 551. Guide inclined plate; 56. Second motor;

[0059] b1, impeller; b2, shift plate; b3, fixed seat; b4, pressing column; b5, compression spring; b6, touch switch; b7, rotating shaft; b8, shift gear; b9, gear; b10, rack; b11, first electric cylinder; b12, second electric cylinder; b13, top support plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] Embodiment 1:

[0062] like Figure 1 - Fig.10 As shown, this embodiment proposes an integrated device for drilling and vertical burying of straw in saline-alkali land, including a frame 2, on which at least one set of drilling mechanisms 4, feeding mechanisms 5 and soil covering mechanisms 6 are arranged from front to back, and walking wheels 3 are provided on the frame 2; the frame 2 is connected to a power device 1; the power device 1 can be an unmanned tractor.

[0063] The following is a further elaboration of the above components:

[0064] Part I:

[0065] The drilling mechanism 4 is used to drill a hole in the saline soil a3 to form a vertical hole a2. The drilling mechanism 4 in this embodiment can adopt the following structural form:

[0066] The drilling mechanism 4 includes a crossbeam 42 and two groups of supports 41, and the supports 41 are fixedly connected to the frame 2; the two ends of the crossbeam 42 are slidably connected to the supports 41, and the crossbeam 42 can move up and down along the supports 41. Specifically, a slide groove 411 is provided on the side wall of the support 41, and the two ends of the crossbeam 42 are adapted to be provided with tenons that can be slidably connected to the slide groove 411, and the tenons can slide up and down along the slide groove 411; the crossbeam 42 is connected to the auger rod 46, and the frame 2 is provided with a through hole 201 for the auger rod 46 to pass through; the top of the auger rod 46 is connected to the driving mechanism for realizing the rotation of the auger rod 46, and the driving mechanism is a first motor 44, and the first motor 44 is connected to the auger rod 46; a lifting assembly 47 is provided below the crossbeam 42, and the top of the lifting assembly 47 is connected to the crossbeam 42, and the bottom is connected to the frame 2, for realizing the lifting and lowering adjustment of the auger rod 46.

[0067] In this embodiment, the lifting component 47 includes but is not limited to one of an oil cylinder, an electric cylinder, a gas cylinder, an electric telescopic rod, etc.

[0068] It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the number of auger rods 46 can be 1-4, each auger rod 46 is driven by the same first motor 44, and each auger rod 46 is connected by a transmission assembly 45. The transmission assembly 45 can be a sprocket-chain mechanism or a pulley-belt mechanism. The appropriate transmission assembly 45 is selected according to the actual situation. This part is a conventional structure and will not be elaborated on.

[0069] As another feasible embodiment, the top of the auger rod 46 can be rotatably connected to the base 43, and a guide groove is provided on the cross beam 42, and the base 43 can slide along the guide groove. The base 43 is fixed to the cross beam 42 by bolting, and a plurality of spaced screw holes are provided on the cross beam 42. After the adjustment of the base 43 is completed, the bolts are used to bolt to the screw holes to complete the positioning and fixing of the base 43. The auger rods 46 are arranged in parallel on the cross beam 42, and the drilling interval is adjustable; during operation, the horizontal drilling interval can be adjusted to 1-2m, and a hole is drilled for every 1-2m forward in the longitudinal direction.

[0070] Part II:

[0071] The feeding mechanism 5 includes a storage bin 51 for storing straw bundles 7, and the bottom of the storage bin 51 is connected to the frame 2 through a support column 52; the bottom of the storage bin 51 is tilted to facilitate the automatic downward movement of the straw bundles 7; a pushing assembly 53 is provided in the storage bin 51 for sorting and unloading the straw bundles 7; the pushing assembly 53 includes a roller 531, which is rotatably connected to the storage bin 51, and a second motor 56 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the storage bin 51, and the second motor 56 is connected to the roller 531 through a coupling; the roller 531 is driven along A plurality of equally spaced leaf plates 532 are arranged in the circumferential direction, and the space between two adjacent leaf plates 532 can only accommodate one straw bundle 7; a discharge hopper 55 is also arranged at the bottom of one side of the storage bin 51, and the discharge hopper 55 is used to receive the straw bundle 7 guided out by the pushing assembly 53; a guide inclined plate 551 arranged in an inclined manner is arranged in the discharge hopper 55, which is conducive to the rapid sliding down of the fallen straw bundle 7; the discharge hopper 55 has a discharge port, and a vertically arranged feeding cylinder 54 is connected to the discharge port, and the straw bundle 7 is guided by the feeding cylinder 54 from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction and falls into the vertical hole a2. The length of each discharge hopper 55 is 65 cm.

[0072] It should be noted that in the present invention, two storage bins 51 are correspondingly arranged for the middle auger rod 46. Of course, one storage bin 51 can also be arranged. In the present application, two storage bins 51 are arranged, one for use and one for backup, one for normal use and the other for backup.

[0073] Part three: soil covering mechanism 6, used for covering and burying the straw bundle 7 put into the vertical hole a2. The soil covering mechanism 6 in this embodiment is a rotary tiller group, which includes a rotary tiller shaft, a rotary tiller seat and a rotary tiller blade. The rotary tiller seat is connected to the frame 2, and the rotary tiller shaft is rotatably connected to the rotary tiller seat, and a plurality of rotary tiller blades are arranged on the rotary tiller shaft. The rotary tiller group can be lifted up and put down. The rotary tiller group can be an integral structure or multiple split structures. One integral structure corresponds to the length of the entire frame 2, and can not only realize the burial of the vertical hole a2 but also realize the rotary tillage of the soil in other positions. Of course, it can also be multiple split structures, such as Fig.11 As shown, each rotary tillage blade group corresponds to an auger rod 46, which is only used to cover the vertical hole a2 with soil. The rotary tillage blade groups 1-4, with the blade group distance being consistent with the auger rod 46, perform fixed-point rotary tillage to complete the covering operation of the drilled hole after the straw bundle 7 is placed. The length of the rotary tillage blade group can be 2m. The equipment is rear-mounted with a covering mechanism 6, which covers and levels the soil simultaneously, reduces additional covering operations, and is labor-saving and efficient.

[0074] The integrated equipment for drilling holes and vertically burying straw in saline-alkali land is also provided with a control system, which is connected with the drilling mechanism 4, the feeding mechanism 5 and the soil covering mechanism 6 to realize overall electrical control.

[0075] The integrated equipment for drilling holes and vertically burying straw in saline-alkali land designed by the present invention adopts an integrated mode of front-end drilling, middle-end feeding and rear-end covering, which improves the efficiency of vertically burying straw, saves time and labor, and can realize standardized and high-quality vertical burying of straw bundles 7.

[0076] In addition, this embodiment also proposes a method for improving the infiltration of saline-alkali land by vertical holes, which includes the following steps:

[0077] S1: Processing and manufacturing straw bundles that meet the requirements 7;

[0078] Among them, the straw bundle 7 in S1 is a straw rope or a reed straw, and the top of the straw bundle 7 is sealed and tied with a degradable fiber cloth to form a sealed end; its manufacturing method is respectively: if a straw rope is used, the straw bundle 7 is woven and wound by the straw rope according to the diameter of the drill hole, and the top is sealed and tied with a degradable fiber cloth; if a reed straw is used, the straw bundle 7 is made of densely bundled reed straw tightly tied with hemp rope, and the top is sealed and tied with a degradable fiber cloth. After the straw bundle 7 is fed, its sealed end is set upward. The upper end of the straw bundle 7 is sealed with a degradable, environmentally friendly and decomposable fiber cloth, which is both water-permeable and can prevent the fine particles of the upper soil from entering the straw bundle 7 with water to cause blockage. The straw bundle 7 uses woven straw ropes or densely bundled reeds to prevent soil particles around the soil from entering the inside of the straw bundle 7 and affecting water flow. The use of the bundled straw bundle 7 can prevent the blockage caused by the entry of fine soil particles due to excessively loose straw, and the continuous water seepage effect is good.

[0079] S2: Level the land; the height difference between fields should not exceed ±3cm.

[0080] S3: Drill a hole in the saline soil a3 to form a vertical hole a2, and the vertical hole a2 penetrates the clay interlayer; in this embodiment, the clay interlayer has two layers, namely the first clay interlayer a4 and the second clay interlayer a5 arranged up and down; the vertical hole a2 must penetrate the two layers of clay interlayer. When drilling, determine the reasonable drilling density according to the thickness of the soil clay layer and the layer distribution characteristics, and the drilling spacing can be 2-3 meters. The diameter of the vertical hole a2 is 5cm or 10cm, and the depth is 80cm; the length of the straw bundle 7 is 60cm, and the diameter is 4cm or 9cm. The diameter of the drill hole is larger than the diameter of the straw bundle 7, which can ensure that the straw bundle 7 can easily reach the bottom of the drill hole. The drilling depth of 80cm can effectively discharge the soil stagnation caused by the clay layer in the upper layer to the crop root layer, and drain the soil salt with water to the deep soil layer and be discharged with the drainage system.

[0081] S4: After the drilling is completed, place the straw bundle 7 in the vertical hole a2; note that the sealing end of the non-woven fabric is set upward.

[0082] S5: Cover the straw bundle 7 and the vertical hole a2 with soil; note: the 20 cm gap above the vertical hole a2 is backfilled with original soil.

[0083] Among them, the methods in S3 to S5 are implemented by using the above-mentioned integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertically burying straw, and the specific methods include:

[0084] Step-a: Connect the integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertically burying straw to the power equipment 1; the power equipment 1 in this embodiment adopts an unmanned tractor, which performs precise positioning during movement.

[0085] Step-b: Place the prepared straw bundles 7 in a row in the storage bin 51;

[0086] Step-c: Start the power device 1 to reach the specified position;

[0087] Step-d: Start the integrated equipment for drilling holes and vertically burying straw in saline-alkali land, and control the drilling mechanism 4 to move through the control system to form a vertical hole a2 in the saline soil a3; specifically, the control system controls the first motor 44 to start, and the first motor 44 drives the auger rod 46 to rotate; the control system controls the lifting component 47 to contract, thereby driving the auger rod 46 to move downward until it reaches a specified depth, and then the control system controls the lifting component 47 to extend, thereby driving the auger rod 46 to move upward to its original position to form the vertical hole a2;

[0088] The feeding mechanism 5 is controlled by the control system, the pushing assembly 53 is started, the second motor 56 drives the roller shaft 531 to rotate, and the straw bundle 7 enters the cavity between two adjacent leaf plates 532. As the roller shaft 531 rotates, the leaf plates 532 drive the straw bundle 7 to move, and the straw bundle 7 is pushed out from the storage bin 51 in sequence, and the straw bundle 7 falls into the discharge hopper 55. Under the action of the guide inclined plate 551, the straw bundle 7 slides down along the guide inclined plate 551 and is guided by the feeding tube 54 to fall into the drilled vertical hole a2.

[0089] Step-e: Control the power device 1 to reach the next position; during the movement of the power device 1, the soil covering mechanism 6 is activated to cover the opened vertical hole a2 and the straw bundle 7 in the vertical hole a2 with soil;

[0090] Step-f: As the power equipment 1 continues to move, the integrated actions of drilling, feeding and covering soil at other points are completed.

[0091] S6: The land is tilled and leveled again. The height difference between fields should not exceed ±3cm. Irrigation water or rainwater is used to wash the saline soil a3. Straw bundles 7 accelerate vertical drainage and salt removal.

[0092] S7: After the straw bundle 7 has been buried for several years, about 3-4 years later, when the water seepage function of the straw bundle 7 has seriously declined, a new hole is drilled and a new straw bundle 7 is buried again. The distance between the new hole and the original hole can be 0.5-1.0m.

[0093] The above method has the following effects:

[0094] 1. Multiple vertical holes a2 arranged at a reasonable density are used instead of deep plowing to disrupt the soil layers. The soil disturbance range is small and the overall vertical permeability of the soil is greatly improved. It is water-permeable and breathable, which can not only ensure the smooth downward flow of waterlogging or salt water in the upper layer, but also give full play to the characteristics of the interlayer that can control the upward movement of salt, which is conducive to long-term salt control and root respiration.

[0095] 2. On the one hand, the straw bundles 7 are used to accelerate vertical drainage and salt removal, which is similar to the effect of returning straw to the field to increase carbon and fertilize it. It is not only beneficial to the resource utilization of straw, but also can enhance the soil carbon fixation effect, and achieve the coordination of multiple goals of waterlogging control, salt removal, fertilization, and carbon increase.

[0096] 3. The upper end of the straw bundle 7 is sealed with a degradable, environmentally friendly, decomposable fiber cloth, which is both water-permeable and can prevent fine particles of the upper soil from entering the straw bundle 7 with water to cause blockage.

[0097] 4. The straw bundle 7 is made of braided straw rope or densely packed reeds, which can prevent soil particles around the soil from entering the straw bundle 7 and affecting water flow.

[0098] 5. Backfill the soil 20 cm above the upper end of the straw bundle 7 from the ground surface. On the one hand, it can prevent the accumulated salt water or precipitation on the ground from being discharged directly without washing the salt from the soil. On the other hand, it does not affect farming and can also prevent the buried straw bundle 7 from being partially or completely pulled out during daily land rotary tillage, affecting drainage.

[0099] 6. Based on the fact that the main active layer of the roots of most crops is between 20cm and 60cm, the burial depth of straw bundle 7 is 80cm, which can not only ensure the anti-waterlogging requirements of the crop roots, but also meet the needs of salt leaching to the deep layer and lateral discharge with drainage, and can also ensure that rainwater and irrigation water will not penetrate into the bottom layer and be lost too quickly, causing waste of water resources.

[0100] 7. After the straw bundles 7 are decomposed, they can increase the organic matter in the middle and deep layers of the soil, which can not only improve the overall soil fertility, but also help stabilize the soil carbon fixation. When the vertically buried straw bundles 7 are decomposed and the drainage function decreases, they can be moved and drilled and buried again. By repeating this cycle, the soil structure and physical and chemical properties of the 60-80cm layer of saline-alkali land can be fundamentally stabilized and improved.

[0101] Embodiment 2:

[0102] like Fig.12 - Fig.15As shown, on the basis of Example 1, considering that relying solely on the guide ramp 551 to guide the sliding of the straw bundle 7 is likely to cause obstruction and make it impossible to achieve smooth flipping, in order to avoid this problem, further improvements are made: the auxiliary guide has three structural forms, namely: a combination of a signal generating unit and a downward pressure unit, a combination of a signal generating unit and an upper top unit, and a combination of a signal generating unit, a downward pressure unit and an upper top unit.

[0103] The first structural form:

[0104] The feeding mechanism 5 also includes an auxiliary guide for realizing a rapid transition of the straw bundle 7 from the horizontal to the vertical direction; the auxiliary guide includes a signal generating unit and a pressing unit for pressing down one end of the straw bundle 7; the signal generating unit includes an impeller b1, on which a plurality of paddles b2 are provided, and the structure formed by the impeller b1 and the paddles b2 is the same as the structure of the pushing assembly 53; the impeller b1 is arranged outside the storage bin 51, and the impeller b1 is coaxially connected to the roller shaft 531; a pressing column b4 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the storage bin 51; a compression spring b5 is sleeved on the pressing column b4, one end of the compression spring b5 is connected to the outer wall of the pressing column b4, and the other end is connected to the outer wall of the storage bin 51; specifically, the outer wall of the storage bin 51 is fixedly connected to a fixing seat b3, and the fixing seat b3 has a sliding hole, and the pressing column b4 is arranged in the sliding hole and can move along the sliding hole; one end of the compression spring b5 is directly fixedly connected to the surface of the fixing seat b3.

[0105] The page plate 532 can cooperate with the end of the pressing column b4 during the rotation process to realize the pressing and releasing of the pressing column b4; in order to better cooperate, the end face of the pressing column b4 is a slope; it also includes a touch switch b6 used in conjunction with the pressing column b4, and the touch switch b6 has its own elastic contact; the touch switch b6 is electrically connected to the control circuit board, and the control circuit board is electrically connected to the main controller.

[0106] The pressing unit includes a rotating shaft b7 rotatably connected to the storage bin 51, and a shifting tooth b8 is connected to the rotating shaft b7. When rotating, the shifting tooth b8 can press down the end of the straw bundle 7 close to the feeding barrel 54; one end of the rotating shaft b7 extends out of the storage bin 51 and is connected to a gear b9, and the gear b9 is meshed with a rack b10. One end of the rack b10 is connected to a first electric cylinder b11, and the first electric cylinder b11 is electrically connected to the main controller.

[0107] Working principle:

[0108] When the pressing column b4 is squeezed, the pressing column b4 moves and squeezes the elastic contact of the touch switch b6, and the touch switch b6 generates a signal and transmits it to the control circuit board. The control circuit board transmits the signal to the main controller, which processes it after receiving it. The main controller controls the first electric cylinder b11 to extend and retract once. During the extension and retraction process, the rotation shaft b7 is reversed, thereby achieving the downward pressing and resetting of the shifting tooth b8. When the shifting tooth b8 is pressed downward, it presses and holds one end of the straw bundle 7, so that the straw bundle 7 falls smoothly into the feeding barrel 54.

[0109] It should be noted that, in the initial state, the shifting teeth b8 are arranged vertically, leaving a space for the straw bundle 7 to fall, thereby avoiding negative interference with the straw bundle 7 .

[0110] The second structural form:

[0111] The auxiliary guide includes a signal generating unit and a lifting unit, wherein the signal generating unit has the same structure as the above-mentioned signal generating unit; the lifting unit is used to lift the other end of the straw bundle 7; the lifting unit includes a second electric cylinder b12 arranged below the guide inclined plate 551, the piston rod of the second electric cylinder b12 is connected to the lifting plate b13, the guide inclined plate 551 is provided with a mounting hole, and the lifting plate b13 is located in the mounting hole; the second electric cylinder b12 is electrically connected to the main controller.

[0112] It should be noted that, in the initial state, the top support plate b13 is located in the mounting hole or above the mounting hole and close to the guide inclined plate 551. When the signal generating unit generates a signal, the main controller controls the second electric cylinder b12 to complete an extension and retraction. During the extension process of the second electric cylinder b12, the sealing end of the straw bundle 7 is lifted up by the top support plate b13, forming a warped shape, so that the straw bundle 7 falls smoothly into the feeding barrel 54.

[0113] The third structural form:

[0114] The auxiliary guide comprises a signal generating unit, a pressing unit and a pushing unit, which are combined to press down one end of the straw bundle 7 and push up the other end, and the double coordination can ensure the smooth change of the straw bundle 7 from horizontal to vertical.

[0115] This embodiment also proposes a method for improving the infiltration of saline-alkali land by vertical holes, including the following steps: The other methods are the same as the method steps in the first embodiment, except that:

[0116] The method in S3 to S5 is implemented by using the above-mentioned integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertically burying straw. Taking the first structural form as an example, the specific steps are as follows:

[0117] Step-a: Connect the integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertically burying straw to the power equipment 1;

[0118] Step-b: Place the prepared straw bundles 7 in a row in the storage bin 51;

[0119] Step-c: Start the power device 1 to reach the specified position;

[0120] Step-d: Start the integrated equipment for drilling holes and vertically burying straw in saline-alkali land, and control the drilling mechanism 4 to move through the control system to form a vertical hole a2 in the saline soil a3; specifically, the control system controls the first motor 44 to start, and the first motor 44 drives the auger rod 46 to rotate; the control system controls the lifting component 47 to contract, thereby driving the auger rod 46 to move downward until it reaches a specified depth, and then the control system controls the lifting component 47 to extend, thereby driving the auger rod 46 to move upward to its original position to form the vertical hole a2;

[0121] The feeding mechanism 5 is controlled by the control system to move, the pushing assembly 53 is started, and then the signal generating unit is started; the second motor 56 drives the roller shaft 531 to rotate, and the leaf plate 532 rotates synchronously with the paddle b2; the straw bundle 7 enters the cavity between two adjacent leaf plates 532, and the leaf plates 532 on both sides of the first straw bundle 7 are sequentially recorded as the first leaf plate and the second leaf plate in the counterclockwise direction. With the rotation of the roller shaft 531, the leaf plate 532 drives the first straw bundle 7 to move, and pushes the first straw bundle 7 out of the storage bin 51, and the first straw bundle 7 falls on the guide inclined plate 551 in the discharge hopper 55, and with the rotation of the roller shaft 531, the first straw bundle 7 falls on the guide inclined plate 551 in the discharge hopper 55, and 31 continues to rotate, the first page plate contacts and squeezes the pressing column b4, at this time the first page plate is roughly horizontal, at this time the gap between the second page plate and the storage bin 51 is still relatively small, the second straw bundle 7 is not enough to fall; when the pressing column b4 is squeezed and presses the touch switch b6, the touch switch b6 generates a signal and transmits it to the control circuit board, the control circuit board transmits the signal to the main controller, the main controller receives the signal and processes it, the main controller controls the first electric cylinder b11 to extend and retract once, during the extension and retraction process, the rotation shaft b7 is reversed, and then the shifting tooth b8 is pressed down and reset. When the shifting tooth b8 is pressed down, it presses one end of the straw bundle 7, so that the straw bundle 7 falls smoothly into the feeding tube 54, and is guided by the feeding tube 54 to fall into the drilled vertical hole a2.

[0122] Step-e: Control the power device 1 to reach the next position; during the movement of the power device 1, the soil covering mechanism 6 is activated to cover the opened vertical hole a2 and the straw bundle 7 in the vertical hole a2 with soil;

[0123] Step-f: As the power equipment 1 continues to move, the integrated actions of drilling, feeding and covering soil at other points are completed.

[0124] Application results:

[0125] The present invention provides an auxiliary guide in the feeding mechanism 5, which can quickly turn the pushed straw bundle 7 from a horizontal state to a vertical state during feeding, preventing the straw bundle 7 from being stuck and unable to turn over, thereby ensuring normal feeding. The auxiliary guide utilizes the rotation time difference of each toggle plate, that is, the rotation time difference of each leaf plate 532 to generate a signal, ensuring that when the straw bundle 7 is pressed down or pushed up, there can be only one straw bundle 7 in the discharge hopper 55, thereby achieving accurate delivery of the straw bundle 7.

[0126] Although the above describes the specific implementation mode of the invention in conjunction with the drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Based on the technical solution of the present invention, various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated device for drilling holes and vertically burying straw in saline-alkali land, comprising a frame (2), on which at least one set of drilling mechanisms (4), feeding mechanisms (5) and soil covering mechanisms (6) are arranged in sequence from front to back, and the frame (2) is connected to a power device (1); the characteristics are: A drilling mechanism (4) for drilling a hole in the saline soil (a3) ​​to form a vertical hole (a2); The feeding mechanism (5) comprises a storage bin (51) for storing straw bundles (7), the bottom of the storage bin (51) being arranged at an angle; a pushing assembly (53) is arranged in the storage bin (51) for sorting and unloading the straw bundles (7); the pushing assembly (53) comprises a roller (531), the roller (531) being rotatably connected in the storage bin (51); the roller (531) is provided with a plurality of leaf plates (532) arranged at equal intervals along the circumference, and two adjacent leaf plates (532) are arranged at equal intervals. 32) can only accommodate one straw bundle (7); a discharge hopper (55) is also provided at the bottom of one side of the storage bin (51) for receiving the straw bundle (7) discharged by the pushing assembly (53); a guide inclined plate (551) is provided in the discharge hopper (55) in an inclined manner; the discharge hopper (55) has a discharge port, and a vertically arranged feeding cylinder (54) is connected to the discharge port, and the straw bundle (7) is guided by the feeding cylinder (54) from horizontal to vertical and falls into the vertical hole (a2); The feeding mechanism (5) further comprises an auxiliary guide for realizing a rapid transition of the straw bundle (7) from a horizontal direction to a vertical direction; the auxiliary guide comprises a signal generating unit and a pressing unit for pressing down one end of the straw bundle (7); the signal generating unit comprises an impeller (b1), and a plurality of paddles (b2) are arranged on the impeller (b1); the structure formed by the impeller (b1) and the paddles (b2) is the same as the structure of the pushing assembly (53); the impeller (b1) is arranged outside the storage bin (51), and the impeller (b1) is coaxially connected to the roller shaft (531); a pressing column (b4) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the storage bin (51); a compression spring (b5) is sleeved on the pressing column (b4), and one end of the compression spring (b5) is connected to the outer wall of the pressing column (b4), and the other end is connected to the outer wall of the storage bin (51); the paddles (b2) are arranged on the outer wall of the storage bin (51); During the rotation process, it can cooperate with the end of the pressing column (b4) to achieve pressing and releasing of the pressing column (b4); it also includes a touch switch (b6) used in conjunction with the pressing column (b4), the touch switch (b6) is electrically connected to a control circuit board, and the control circuit board is electrically connected to a main controller; the pressing unit includes a rotating shaft (b7) rotatably connected to the storage bin (51), the rotating shaft (b7) is connected to a shifting tooth (b8), and the shifting tooth (b8) can press down the end of the straw bundle (7) close to the feeding barrel (54) when rotating; one end of the rotating shaft (b7) extends out of the storage bin (51) and is connected to a gear (b9), the gear (b9) is meshed with a rack (b10), one end of the rack (b10) is connected to a first electric cylinder (b11), and the first electric cylinder (b11) is electrically connected to the main controller; The soil covering mechanism (6) is used to cover and bury the straw bundle (7) put into the vertical hole (a2).

2. The integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertically burying straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling mechanism (4) comprises a crossbeam (42) and two groups of supports (41), wherein the supports (41) are fixedly connected to the frame (2); both ends of the crossbeam (42) are slidably connected to the supports (41), and the crossbeam (42) can move up and down along the supports (41); the crossbeam (42) is connected to a spiral drill rod (46), and the frame (2) is provided with a through hole (201) for the spiral drill rod (46) to pass through; the top of the spiral drill rod (46) is transmission-connected to a driving mechanism for realizing the rotation of the spiral drill rod (46); a lifting assembly (47) is provided below the crossbeam (42), the top of the lifting assembly (47) is connected to the crossbeam (42), and the bottom of the lifting assembly (47) is connected to the frame (2), and is used to realize the lifting and lowering adjustment of the spiral drill rod (46).

3. The integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertically burying straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil covering mechanism (6) is a rotary tiller blade group, which comprises a rotary tiller shaft, a rotary tiller blade seat and a rotary tiller blade. The rotary tiller blade seat is connected to the frame (2), the rotary tiller shaft is rotatably connected to the rotary tiller blade seat, and a plurality of the rotary tiller blades are arranged on the rotary tiller shaft.

4. The integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertically burying straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary guide also includes a lifting unit for lifting the other end of the straw bundle (7); the lifting unit includes a second electric cylinder (b12) arranged below the guide inclined plate (551); the piston rod of the second electric cylinder (b12) is connected to a lifting plate (b13); the guide inclined plate (551) is provided with a mounting hole, and the lifting plate (b13) is located in the mounting hole; the second electric cylinder (b12) is electrically connected to the main controller.

5. A vertical hole permeability improvement method for saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Processing and manufacturing straw bundles that meet the requirements (7); S2: Level the land; S3: drilling a hole in the saline soil (a3) ​​to form a vertical hole (a2), which penetrates the clay interlayer; S4: After the drilling is completed, the straw bundle (7) is placed in the vertical hole (a2); S5: Covering and burying the straw bundle (7) and the vertical hole (a2); The method in S3 to S5 is implemented by using the integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertically burying straw as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; S6: using irrigation water or rainwater to wash the saline soil (a3), and using straw bundles (7) to accelerate vertical drainage and salt removal; S7: After the straw bundle (7) has been buried for several years, when the water seepage function of the straw bundle (7) has seriously weakened, the straw bundle (7) is replaced and re-drilled to bury a new straw bundle (7).

6. The vertical hole permeability improvement method for saline-alkali land according to claim 5, characterized in that: The straw bundle (7) in S1 is a straw rope or a reed straw, and the top of the straw bundle (7) is sealed and tied with a degradable fiber cloth to form a sealed end. The manufacturing methods are as follows: if a straw rope is used, the straw bundle (7) is woven and wound by the straw rope according to the diameter of the drill hole, and the top is sealed and tied with a degradable fiber cloth; if a reed straw is used, the straw bundle (7) is made of densely bundled reed straw tightly tied with a hemp rope, and the top is sealed and tied with a degradable fiber cloth.

7. The vertical hole permeability improvement method for saline-alkali land according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sealed end of the straw bundle (7) is arranged upward; the diameter of the vertical hole (a2) is 5 cm or 10 cm, and the depth is 80 cm; the length of the straw bundle (7) is 60 cm, and the diameter is 4 cm or 9 cm.

8. The vertical hole permeability improvement method for saline-alkali land according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific steps of the method in S3-S5 using the integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertical burying of straw are as follows: Step-a: Connecting the integrated equipment for drilling holes in saline-alkali land and vertically burying straw to the power equipment (1); Step-b: Arrange the prepared straw bundles (7) and place them in the storage bin (51); Step-c: Start the power device (1) to reach the specified position; Step-d: starting the integrated equipment for drilling holes and vertically burying straw in saline-alkali land, controlling the drilling mechanism (4) to move by the control system, and forming a vertical hole (a2) in the saline soil (a3); controlling the feeding mechanism (5) to move by the control system, and starting the pushing assembly (53), pushing the straw bundles (7) out of the storage bin (51) in sequence, and the straw bundles (7) fall into the discharge hopper (55), and under the action of the guide inclined plate (551), the straw bundles (7) slide down along the guide inclined plate (551) and are guided by the feeding cylinder (54) to fall into the vertical hole (a2); Step-e: Control the power device (1) to reach the next position; during the movement of the power device (1), the soil covering mechanism (6) is activated to cover and bury the opened vertical hole (a2) and the straw bundle (7) in the vertical hole (a2); Step-f: As the power equipment (1) continues to move, the integrated actions of drilling, feeding and covering soil at other points are completed.

Images