Selenium-rich planting method for dendrobium

Abstract

The invention discloses a selenium-rich planting method for dendrobium nobile, relates to the technical field of dendrobium nobile planting, and aims to realize selenium enrichment by using a selenate inorganic conversion mode based on an existing selenium-rich planting method for dendrobium nobile, so that soil and dendrobium nobile are easily damaged, and meanwhile, the stability and controllability of the whole selenium-rich planting process are general. The method comprises the following steps of organic selenium-rich base material preparation, organic selenium-rich base material processing, mixed planting, planting cycle detection and finished product picking. According to the method, by adopting a planting mode of decomposing the selenium-enriched yeast by the bacillus subtilis and realizing symbiosis of dendrobium nobile flora, the bacillus subtilis can perform secondary organic conversion treatment on the organic selenium-enriched yeast, and the converted organic selenium-enriched base material is lower in toxicity, higher in nutritional value and easier to absorb and convert by the dendrobium nobile; meanwhile, a symbiotic planting mode of the dendrobium nobile and the bacillus subtilis is adopted, the dendrobium nobile and the bacillus subtilis are mutually beneficial and symbiotic, the whole selenium-rich planting process is simple, safe, stable and high in controllability, and the dendrobium nobile and soil are not prone to being damaged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of dendrobium planting, and in particular to a dendrobium selenium-enriched planting method. Background Art

[0002] Dendrobium candidum is native to Huoshan County, Anhui Province, in the Dabie Mountain area, and is mainly distributed in Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. It likes shade and is afraid of direct sunlight. It grows in dense clusters in warm, rainy, foggy valleys, and mostly grows on cliffs in sheltered and shady ravines. Its main propagation methods are sowing and cuttings. In actual life, sowing is often used, and it can also be sown with external force.

[0003] At present, the previous generation of selenium-enriched cultivation methods for Dendrobium mainly uses selenate to directly act on the soil, and selenium-enriched treatment is carried out on Dendrobium during the cultivation process, so that the selenium content of Dendrobium can exceed the normal level and meet the selenium-enriched requirements, so as to improve the edible nutritional value of the finished Dendrobium product. However, this selenium-enriched cultivation method has the following shortcomings in actual use: It was found in actual cultivation that due to the use of inorganic conversion to achieve selenium enrichment and the use of selenate to directly act on the plant itself, it is difficult to control the amount of selenate in the entire planting process. Excessive selenium will inhibit the normal growth of Dendrobium, resulting in an extension of the Dendrobium planting cycle, and it is easy to lead to lower yields and quality, causing yellowing and scorching of leaves, etc., which directly affects the quality of the finished Dendrobium product. In addition, the use of selenate to act directly on the soil is likely to lead to soil toxic residues, affecting the growth and health of microorganisms and plants in the soil and reducing soil quality.

[0004] In view of this, it is particularly important to explore a selenium-enriched cultivation method that is safe, convenient, stable, controllable, economical to operate, and not prone to damage to plants and soil, and apply it to the Dendrobium cultivation process. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the traditional selenium-enriched planting method of Dendrobium directly acts on Dendrobium and soil through selenate, the stability and controllability of the whole selenium-enriched planting process are general, and it is easy to cause damage to Dendrobium and soil, and a selenium-enriched planting method of Dendrobium is proposed.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A dendrobium selenium-enriched planting method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of organic selenium-rich base material: Selenium-rich yeast, Bacillus subtilis, sawdust straw mixture and crushed pine bark are mixed evenly in a certain proportion to prepare a culture medium, and the culture medium is kept in a suitable temperature and humidity environment. After 3-4 weeks, the organic selenium-rich base material can be obtained; Step 2: Processing of organic selenium-rich base material: crush the organic selenium-rich base material and put it into planting pots. The plant pots are evenly buried in the soil of the constant temperature greenhouse in a rectangular array. After the overall operation is completed, the next step can be carried out; Step 3: Mixed planting: Cultivate and select selenium-enriched Dendrobium seedlings with a selenium content of 0.035-0.055 mg / kg, and plant the roots of the selenium-enriched Dendrobium seedlings into a planting pot through the upper soil layer; Step 4: Planting cycle detection: During the entire planting cycle, 4-6 stems of Dendrobium officinale are randomly picked every 4 or 6 months as a detection cycle, and the stems are analyzed for nutritional components and pests and diseases. At the same time, the planting process data is recorded and analyzed to understand the actual planting situation of Dendrobium officinale, and the planting environment of Dendrobium officinale is adjusted according to the actual situation of the detection cycle; Step 5: Picking finished products: When the length of the Dendrobium stems reaches 20cm-25cm, they can be picked.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution: The mixing ratio of the selenium-enriched yeast, Bacillus subtilis, the sawdust straw mixture and the chopped pine bark in the step 1 is 2:1:7:5.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: The culture medium in step 1 is produced in a constant temperature greenhouse. The ambient temperature needs to be controlled at 20°C-25°C, and the ambient humidity needs to be controlled between 65%-85%. If the ambient humidity is lower than the range value, a watering pot is used for water replenishment and humidification.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution: The planting pot in step 2 has a diameter of 4 cm and a height of 6 cm, and a plurality of holes distributed in a circular array are provided on the side wall of the planting pot.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: In the step 2, the planting pots are buried at a depth of 2 cm to 4 cm below the upper soil layer, and the spacing between the multiple planting pots is controlled to be 5 cm to 8 cm.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: The selenium-enriched Dendrobium seedlings used in the step 3 are one of Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium huoshanense or Dendrobium purpurogenum.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: In step 4, if the selenium content in the nutrients in this detection cycle does not increase significantly compared with the previous detection cycle, a new planting pot is replaced to continue planting. If there is a potential risk of pests and diseases, targeted treatment is carried out on the Dendrobium to ensure that the Dendrobium planting process proceeds stably.

[0013] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: In the present invention, by adopting a planting mode in which Bacillus subtilis decomposes selenium-rich yeast and dendrobium flora coexists, Bacillus subtilis can efficiently absorb and utilize the nutrients in the selenium-rich yeast, and the organic selenium-rich yeast is subjected to secondary organic conversion treatment. After the conversion, the organic selenium-rich base material has lower toxicity, higher nutritional value, and is easier to be absorbed and converted by the dendrobium. At the same time, a planting mode in which dendrobium and Bacillus subtilis coexist is adopted, and the two are mutually beneficial and symbiotic. During the entire planting cycle, Bacillus subtilis can continuously decompose the selenium-rich yeast, and the decomposed organic selenium is continuously supplied to the root of the dendrobium. The entire selenium-rich planting process is simple, safe, stable, and highly controllable, and is not easy to cause damage to the dendrobium and the soil. At the same time, the organic selenium content of the dendrobium planted by the selenium-enriched method is several times that of the conventional planting method, so that the dendrobium finished product can meet the index requirements of selenium enrichment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 The present invention provides a schematic diagram of the workflow of the Dendrobium selenium-enriched planting method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for planting dendrobium selenium-enriched, comprising the following five steps: Step 1: Preparation of organic selenium-rich base material: In a constant temperature greenhouse, selenium-rich yeast, Bacillus subtilis, wood straw mixture and crushed pine bark are mixed evenly in a ratio of 2:1:7:5 to prepare the culture medium. The ambient temperature needs to be controlled at 20℃-25℃, and the ambient humidity needs to be controlled between 65%-85%. If the ambient humidity is lower than the range value, a watering can is used for water replenishment and humidification. After 3-4 weeks, the organic selenium-rich base material can be obtained; The second step is to crush the organic selenium-rich base material and put it into a planting pot with a diameter of 4 cm and a height of 6 cm. At the same time, a plurality of holes distributed in a circular array are opened on the side wall of the planting pot to facilitate the water and gas exchange between the inside and outside of the planting pot, and prevent the occurrence of problems such as poor ventilation and root rot of the Dendrobium roots. The canned planting pots are evenly buried in the soil of the constant temperature greenhouse in a rectangular array, and the burial depth of the planting pots is controlled to be 2cm-4cm below the upper layer of the soil. At the same time, the spacing between multiple planting pots is controlled to be 5cm-8cm. After the overall operation is completed, the next step can be carried out; Step 3: In a constant temperature greenhouse, cultivate and select selenium-enriched Dendrobium seedlings with a selenium content of 0.035-0.055 mg / kg, wherein the selenium-enriched Dendrobium seedlings are one of Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium huoshanense or Dendrobium candidum. Preferably, the selenium-enriched Dendrobium officinale seedlings are used as the cultivation object, because Dendrobium officinale has stronger adaptability and tolerance to the environment and higher survival rate, and is suitable for cultivation experiments. The roots of the selenium-enriched Dendrobium seedlings are planted in a planting pot through the upper soil layer; Step 4: During the entire planting cycle, every 4 or 6 months is a testing cycle. 4-6 stems of Dendrobium are randomly picked, and the stems are analyzed for nutrients and tested for pests and diseases. At the same time, the planting process data is recorded and analyzed to understand the actual planting situation of Dendrobium, and the planting environment of Dendrobium is adjusted according to the actual situation of the testing cycle. If the selenium content in the nutrients of this testing cycle does not increase significantly compared with the previous testing cycle, a new planting pot is replaced to continue planting. If there is a potential risk of pests and diseases, targeted treatment is carried out on Dendrobium to ensure the stability of the Dendrobium planting process; Step 5. The entire planting cycle of Dendrobium is 3-5 years. When the length of Dendrobium stems reaches 20cm-25cm, they can be picked. At this time, the nutritional cost of Dendrobium stems is in a stable saturation state, and continued planting will not easily bring better economic benefits.

[0017] Finally, in order to detect the selenium content of the Dendrobium officinale grown by this selenium-enriched planting method, the stems of Dendrobium officinale were sun-dried after picking, and 1 kg of samples were selected from the finished Dendrobium officinale products. The selenium content of the dried Dendrobium officinale strips was tested by the test method of GB 5009.93-2017 (third method). The specific inspection and testing was carried out by Shandong Xinjiaxiang Testing Technology Co., Ltd. The report number is Z22102495, and the official website of the inspection and testing report is http: / / www.shandongxinjiaxiang.com. The specific data chart after the test is as follows:

[0018] In summary, the selenium content of the selenium-enriched Dendrobium seedlings cultivated and selected in the above embodiments is 0.045 mg / kg on average. After the Dendrobium is planted by the selenium-enriched planting method, its selenium content can reach 0.324 mg / kg, which is more than 7 times the original average value of Dendrobium. Therefore, the Dendrobium planted by the present method can meet the requirements of selenium-enriched food. At the same time, the organic selenium-enriched yeast is subjected to a secondary organic conversion treatment by Bacillus subtilis. After the conversion, the organic selenium-enriched base material has a higher nutritional value and is more easily absorbed and converted by Dendrobium. In addition, the planting method of symbiosis between Dendrobium and Bacillus subtilis is used, and the two are mutually beneficial and symbiotic, the nutrient supply relationship is stable, the soil environment is not easily destroyed by other external pests and diseases and flora, the entire selenium-enriched planting process is safe, convenient, stable and controllable, and it is not easy to cause damage to Dendrobium and soil, which meets the planting needs of green agriculture and sustainable development in Dendrobium planting.

[0019] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting dendrobium selenium-enriched, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Preparation of organic selenium-rich base material: Selenium-rich yeast, Bacillus subtilis, sawdust straw mixture and crushed pine bark are mixed evenly in a certain proportion to prepare a culture medium, and the culture medium is kept in a suitable temperature and humidity environment. After 3-4 weeks, the organic selenium-rich base material can be obtained; Step 2: Processing of organic selenium-rich base material: crush the organic selenium-rich base material and put it into planting pots. The plant pots are evenly buried in the soil of the constant temperature greenhouse in a rectangular array. After the overall operation is completed, the next step can be carried out; Step 3: Mixed planting: Cultivate and select selenium-enriched Dendrobium seedlings with a selenium content of 0.035-0.055 mg / kg, and plant the roots of the selenium-enriched Dendrobium seedlings into a planting pot through the upper soil layer; Step 4: Planting cycle detection: During the entire planting cycle, 4-6 stems of Dendrobium officinale are randomly picked every 4 or 6 months as a detection cycle, and the stems are analyzed for nutritional components and pests and diseases. At the same time, the planting process data is recorded and analyzed to understand the actual planting situation of Dendrobium officinale, and the planting environment of Dendrobium officinale is adjusted according to the actual situation of the detection cycle; Step 5: Picking finished products: When the length of the Dendrobium stems reaches 20cm-25cm, they can be picked.

2. A dendrobium selenium-enriched planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing ratio of the selenium-enriched yeast, Bacillus subtilis, the sawdust straw mixture and the chopped pine bark in the step 1 is 2:1:7:

5.

3. A dendrobium selenium-enriched planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The culture medium in step 1 is produced in a constant temperature greenhouse. The ambient temperature needs to be controlled at 20°C-25°C, and the ambient humidity needs to be controlled between 65%-85%. If the ambient humidity is lower than the range value, a watering pot is used for water replenishment and humidification.

4. The method for planting dendrobium selenium-enriched plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting pot in step 2 has a diameter of 4 cm and a height of 6 cm, and a plurality of holes distributed in a circular array are provided on the side wall of the planting pot.

5. The method for planting dendrobium selenium-enriched plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the planting pots are buried at a depth of 2 cm to 4 cm below the upper soil layer, and the spacing between the multiple planting pots is controlled to be 5 cm to 8 cm.

6. The method for planting dendrobium selenium-enriched plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selenium-enriched Dendrobium seedlings used in the step 3 are one of Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium huoshanense or Dendrobium purpurogenum.

7. The method for planting dendrobium selenium-enriched plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, if the selenium content in the nutrients in this detection cycle does not increase significantly compared with the previous detection cycle, a new planting pot is replaced to continue planting. If there is a potential risk of pests and diseases, targeted treatment is carried out on the Dendrobium to ensure that the Dendrobium planting process proceeds stably.

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