Edible fungus waste residue rapid composting method based on alternate aerobic and anaerobic process

Abstract

The invention provides an alternate aerobic and anaerobic process-based rapid composting method for edible mushroom waste residues, and relates to the technical field of microbial composting, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, weighing 65-75% of mushroom residues, 15-22% of straws, 5-7% of oil meal and 5-7% of a pre-fermentation product according to a certain ratio, putting the weighed materials into a fermentation tank, and uniformly stirring the materials by using a stirrer, a to-be-fermented material is obtained; step 2, carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the to-be-fermented material obtained in the step 1, after the temperature is raised to 33-36 DEG C, starting to cool until the temperature tends to be stable, then completing fermentation, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 10-14 days; 3, after anaerobic fermentation is completed, an aeration machine is turned on, air is introduced, and an aerobic fermentation stage is carried out. On one hand, microorganisms in an anaerobic environment are used for accelerating organic matter mineralization and small molecule substance decomposition; on the other hand, microorganisms in the aerobic environment are used for breeding and degrading organic matters and generating high temperature, so that pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds in the organic matters are killed, and the organic matters are stabilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of microbial composting, in particular to a method for quickly composting edible fungus waste residue based on an alternating aerobic and anaerobic process. Background Art

[0002] The existing use of edible fungus waste residue to produce organic fertilizer mainly adopts aerobic fermentation to compost, and its process flow can be roughly divided into two types, one is static ventilation composting, and the other is forced ventilation composting. Forced ventilation composting can be divided into turning type and aeration type according to different ventilation methods. Most of the existing organic fertilizer manufacturers use forced ventilation composting. Before fermentation, the fungus residue is evenly mixed with various auxiliary materials, and then piled into strips or directly piled in specific troughs, containers, etc., so that the pile forms a certain height to have a good temperature accumulation effect. During the composting process, the temperature change of the pile is used to turn the pile or aerate until the temperature of the pile no longer increases and begins to decrease, and then enters the decomposition stage (secondary fermentation). When the temperature in the decomposition stage begins to decrease until the temperature tends to be stable, the decomposition is complete and the fermentation is completed. Summary of the invention

[0003] 1. Technical issues to be solved

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for rapid composting of edible fungus waste residue based on an alternating aerobic and anaerobic process, which solves the problems of long fermentation cycle and incomplete fermentation commonly existing in the prior fermentation process.

[0005] (II) Technical solution

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a method for rapid composting of edible fungus waste residue based on an alternating aerobic and anaerobic process, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: weigh 65-75% of mushroom residue, 15-22% of straw, 5-7% of oil meal and 5-7% of pre-fermented material according to the proportion and put them into the fermentation tank, and stir them evenly with a stirrer to obtain the material to be fermented;

[0008] Step 2: The fermented material obtained in step 1 is subjected to anaerobic fermentation. When the temperature rises to 33°C-36°C, the temperature begins to drop until the temperature tends to be stable, and the fermentation is completed. The anaerobic fermentation lasts for 10-14 days.

[0009] Step 3: After the anaerobic fermentation is completed, turn on the aerator to let in air to enter the aerobic fermentation stage. After the temperature rises to 51℃-55℃, start cooling down until the temperature stabilizes until the fermentation is completed. The fermentation process lasts for 6-8 days.

[0010] Step 4: Pile the fermented organic fertilizer aside and wait for shipment.

[0011] Preferably, the flow rate of air introduced into the aerator in step three is 18-22 L / min.

[0012] Preferably, the product obtained after fermentation in step three is a pre-fermentation.

[0013] Preferably, the raw materials of mushroom residue, straw and oil meal are all used in step one after being crushed, and the raw material of straw is sterilized at a high temperature of 121° C.-124° C. before being crushed.

[0014] Preferably, the temperature range in which the temperature in steps 2 and 3 tends to be stable is 23°C-26°C. During the process, when the temperature is 25°C, the air flow rate of the aerator is 20L / min, and when the temperature is 26°C, the air flow rate is 22L / min and stirring and turning are performed.

[0015] Preferably, the aerator in step three is connected to a fermentation tray at the bottom of the fermentation tank and a ventilation pipe connected in parallel with the fermentation tray for multi-layer ventilation and fermentation of the fermented material, and the spacing of the ventilation pipe increases by 1.35 times from the fermentation tray upward.

[0016] Preferably, the mushroom residue and the pre-fermented product are both stored at 3°C-5°C, and the pre-fermented product is bagged, sealed and placed at 25°C for 10-15 hours before participating in step one.

[0017] Preferably, the oil meal is one or more of soybean meal, peanut meal, rapeseed meal, sesame meal, and corn meal, and the straw is any one of corn straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw, and reed straw.

[0018] (III) Beneficial effects

[0019] The present invention provides a method for rapid composting of edible fungus waste residue based on an alternating aerobic and anaerobic process. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. Through the factors of the heating time, maximum temperature, fermentation time of each stage and the final product of the composting process, we have obtained the current process of mixing 65-75% of fungus residue, 15-22% of straw, 5-7% of oil cake and 5-7% of pre-fermented material. On the one hand, the microorganisms in the anaerobic environment are used to accelerate the mineralization of organic matter and decompose small molecules; on the other hand, the microorganisms in the aerobic environment are used to reproduce and degrade organic matter, generate high temperature, thereby killing pathogens and weed seeds, and stabilizing the organic matter.

[0021] 2. Through repeated analysis of the changes in pile temperature and aeration volume, we determined that the most appropriate aeration volume in the aerobic stage of the 75L fermenter is 20L / min. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fermentation tank in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a temperature change diagram of the fermentation process in the present invention.

[0024] Among them, 1. agitator; 2. intelligent control device; 3. flow meter; 4. aeration pipe; 5. aeration plate; 6. temperature probe; 7. shell protective layer; 8. sampling hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a method for rapid composting of edible fungus waste residue based on an alternating aerobic and anaerobic process comprises the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: 65-75% of mushroom residue, 15-22% of straw, 5-7% of oil meal and 5-7% of pre-fermented material are weighed in proportion and put into a fermentation tank, and stirred evenly using a stirrer 1 to obtain a material to be fermented. The mushroom residue, straw and oil meal raw materials are all crushed and used in step 1. The straw raw material is sterilized at a high temperature of 121°C-124°C before crushing. The crushing of the mushroom residue, straw and oil meal raw materials is conducive to improving the fermentation rate. In addition, the high-temperature sterilization of the straw raw material can greatly reduce the participation of miscellaneous bacteria in the fermentation process. The pre-fermented material is the product of the fermentation completed in step 3, which provides a bacterial source for the material to be fermented;

[0028] Step 2: The fermented material obtained in step 1 is subjected to anaerobic fermentation. When the temperature rises to 33°C-36°C, the temperature begins to drop until the temperature tends to be stable, and the fermentation is completed. The anaerobic fermentation lasts for 10-14 days.

[0029] Step 3: After the anaerobic fermentation is completed, turn on the aerator to introduce air to enter the aerobic fermentation stage. After the temperature rises to 51°C-55°C, start cooling until the temperature tends to be stable until the fermentation is completed. The fermentation process lasts for 6-8 days, and the flow rate of air introduced by the aerator in step 3 is 18-22L / min;

[0030] Step 4: Pile the fermented organic fertilizer aside and wait for shipment.

[0031] The temperature range in which the temperature tends to be stable in steps 2 and 3 is 23°C-26°C. During the process, the air flow rate of the aerator is 20L / min when the temperature is 25°C, and the air flow rate is 22L / min at 26°C and stirring and overturning are performed. In the above, the introduction of air facilitates rapid cooling to complete the fermentation and avoids the re-fermentation process when the temperature is not cooled quickly.

[0032] The aerator in step three is connected to the fermentation tray 5 at the bottom of the fermentation tank and the ventilation pipe connected in parallel with the fermentation tray for multi-layer ventilation and fermentation of the fermented material through the aeration pipe 3. The spacing of the ventilation pipe increases by 1.35 times from the fermentation tray upward.

[0033] The mushroom residue and the pre-fermented product are both stored at 3°C-5°C. The pre-fermented product is bagged and sealed before participating in step 1 and placed at 25°C for 10-15 hours. By sealing the pre-fermented product, the mixed oxygen content in the pre-fermented product is reduced.

[0034] The oil meal is one or more of soybean meal, peanut meal, rapeseed meal, sesame meal, and corn meal, and the straw is any one of corn straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw, and reed straw.

[0035] In the above, the fermentation tank includes a shell protection layer 7 and an upper cover, on which a temperature probe 6, a sampling hole 8, and an intelligent control device 2 are arranged. The aerator, the temperature probe 6, and the agitator 1 are all electrically connected to the intelligent control device 2. In addition, a flow meter 3 is arranged on the aeration pipe 4, and the flow meter 3 is also electrically connected to the intelligent control device 2.

[0036] This method proposes to control the aeration interval to make it in an anaerobic-aerobic alternating reaction state. On the one hand, the microorganisms in the anaerobic environment are used to accelerate the mineralization of organic matter and decompose small molecules; on the other hand, the microorganisms in the aerobic environment are used to reproduce and degrade organic matter, generating high temperatures, thereby killing pathogens and weed seeds, and stabilizing the organic matter.

[0037] We conducted two groups of experiments for comparative analysis. Group A first carried out aerobic fermentation and then anaerobic fermentation, and Group B first carried out anaerobic fermentation and then aerobic fermentation. The results of the temperature changes in the composting process of the two groups of experiments and the planting germination index of the final product showed that after 19 days of fermentation, Group B had reached a mature state (GI>70) while Group A had not yet reached maturity (GI<70); the highest fermentation temperature of Group B could reach 54.7 degrees Celsius, while that of Group A was only 47.2 degrees Celsius. The total fermentation period of Group B was 17 days, and the total fermentation period of Group A was 20 days.

[0038] oxygen first Post-oxygen GI 64.81481481 149.7354497

[0039] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for rapid composting of edible fungus waste residue based on an alternating aerobic and anaerobic process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: weigh 65-75% of mushroom residue, 15-22% of straw, 5-7% of oil meal and 5-7% of pre-fermented material according to the proportion and put them into the fermentation tank, and stir them evenly with a stirrer to obtain the material to be fermented; Step 2: The fermented material obtained in step 1 is subjected to anaerobic fermentation. When the temperature rises to 33°C-36°C, the temperature begins to drop until the temperature tends to be stable, and the fermentation is completed. The anaerobic fermentation lasts for 10-14 days. Step 3: After the anaerobic fermentation is completed, turn on the aerator to let in air to enter the aerobic fermentation stage. After the temperature rises to 51℃-55℃, start cooling down until the temperature stabilizes until the fermentation is completed. The fermentation process lasts for 6-8 days. Step 4: Pile the fermented organic fertilizer aside and wait for shipment.

2. The method for rapid composting of edible fungus waste residue based on alternating aerobic and anaerobic process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow rate of air introduced into the aerator in step 3 is 18-22 L / min.

3. The method for rapid composting of edible fungus waste residue based on alternating aerobic and anaerobic process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The product obtained after fermentation in step 3 is the pre-fermentation product.

4. The method for rapid composting of edible fungus waste residue based on alternating aerobic and anaerobic process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials of mushroom residue, straw and oil meal are all used in step one after being crushed, and the raw material of straw is sterilized at a high temperature of 121° C.-124° C. before being crushed.

5. The method for rapid composting of edible fungus waste residue based on alternating aerobic and anaerobic process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature range in which the temperature tends to be stable in steps 2 and 3 is 23°C-26°C. During the process, when the temperature is 25°C, the air flow rate of the aerator is 20L / min, and when the temperature is 26°C, the air flow rate is 22L / min and stirring and turning are performed.

6. The method for rapid composting of edible fungus waste residue based on alternating aerobic and anaerobic process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerator in step three is connected to a fermentation tray at the bottom of the fermentation tank and a ventilation pipe connected in parallel with the fermentation tray for multi-layer ventilation and fermentation of the fermented material. The spacing between the ventilation pipes increases by 1.35 times from the fermentation tray upward.

7. The method for rapid composting of edible fungus waste residue based on alternating aerobic and anaerobic process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mushroom residue and the pre-fermented product are both stored at 3° C.-5° C., and the pre-fermented product is bagged, sealed and placed at 25° C. for 10-15 hours before participating in step 1.

8. The method for rapid composting of edible fungus waste residue based on alternating aerobic and anaerobic process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil meal is one or more of soybean meal, peanut meal, rapeseed meal, sesame meal, and corn meal, and the straw is any one of corn straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw, and reed straw.

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