A method for construction of spoil site based on GIS+BIM

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of infrastructure engineering, and specifically discloses a method for constructing a spoil site based on GIS+BIM. The method constructs a three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs by analyzing the terrain data of the spoil site, and can accurately reflect the actual terrain conditions of the spoil site. The three-dimensional terrain model constructed by BIM technology can accurately reproduce the geomorphic characteristics of the spoil site. At the same time, the accurate three-dimensional terrain model provides a model reference basis for subsequent analysis of the construction status of the spoil site. Environmental data of the area to which the spoil site belongs are analyzed to obtain an initial selected construction path for the area to which the spoil site belongs, optimize the construction process of the spoil site, thereby improving the construction efficiency of the spoil site. The three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs is optimized, and can more accurately reflect the actual terrain conditions of the spoil site, thereby reducing uncertainty and risk in the construction process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of infrastructure engineering, and in particular to a spoil site construction method based on GIS+BIM. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous increase in land development and construction, the construction of spoil sites has become a key link. During the construction of spoil sites, if the different data environments of the spoil sites are not fully analyzed, such as the influence of environmental factors such as the terrain, precipitation intensity, and vegetation of the spoil sites, it will lead to problems such as inaccurate site selection, unreasonable planning, and unscientific management of the spoil sites.

[0003] For example, the invention patent with announcement number CN107724402B discloses a method for remediating a spoil dump, which primarily includes the following: 1. Trimming the site to make the slopes of the spoil dump roughly uniform, excavating the top of the spoil dump, laying drainage boards, and setting drainage ditches at its edges, followed by backfilling and leveling the surface; 2. Layering the slopes in a spiral-like manner, compacting them using rollers and manual labor; 3. Inserting steel pipes horizontally at the bottom of each step and vertically securing them with fences; 4. Installing conventional drainage ditches and sump structures around the bottom of the spoil dump, and planting conventional grass on top. By considering both the factors that cause landslides and the solutions to the problems, this method fundamentally prevents rainfall from affecting the saturation of the main soil, preventing landslides from occurring, and optimizing the overall structure of the spoil dump, turning waste into valuable resources.

[0004] For example, patent publication number CN113202078B discloses an ecologically protected abandoned soil dump, comprising an earth and rock pile with a water tank disposed therein. Multiple water collection assemblies are disposed on the earth and rock pile, each of which penetrates the earth and rock pile and communicates with the water tank. The water collection assemblies are used to collect rainwater. By providing the water tank and water collection assemblies, rainwater collected by the water collection assemblies during rainfall enters the water tank, reducing the amount of rainwater that seeps into the earth and rock pile. This reduces the amount of soil on the earth and rock pile that follows the movement of rainwater, thereby reducing soil loss from the abandoned soil dump.

[0005] Based on the above scheme, it is found that the environment of the abandoned soil site plays a vital role in the construction, management and remediation of the abandoned soil site. However, in the current technical scheme for analyzing the environment of the abandoned soil site, the data dimension of the abandoned soil site analyzed is relatively intuitive and single, which will make it impossible for the abandoned soil site to fully carry out subsequent construction operations, thereby causing deviations in the construction planning of the abandoned soil site and increasing the uncertainty and risk factors of the abandoned soil site construction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a GIS+BIM-based spoil site construction method, which can effectively solve the problems involved in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM, comprising: constructing a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site: collecting and analyzing the terrain data of the spoil site, obtaining the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, and constructing a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs through BIM technology; selecting the construction path of the spoil site: obtaining the environmental data of the area where the spoil site belongs through the GIS system, and analyzing the surface characteristic index of the spoil site comprehensively to obtain the soil site path recommendation index, and thus obtaining the initial selected construction path of the area where the spoil site belongs; the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site Model optimization: obtain the resource data corresponding to the initially selected construction path of the area where the spoil site belongs, obtain the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path, and compare it with the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value preset in the spoil construction database. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs constructed by BIM technology is optimized. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is less than the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value after further analysis, the optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is completed.

[0008] As a further method, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs is constructed, and the specific construction process is as follows:

[0009] The altitude and surface area of ​​the spoil site are converted into a surface model of the spoil site through BIM technology. The inclination angle of the surface model of the spoil site is adjusted according to the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site through BIM technology. The surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the spoil site is marked with preset colors on the surface model of the spoil site after the inclination angle is adjusted. In this way, an initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs is constructed. The initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs is adjusted according to the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, and finally a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs is obtained.

[0010] As a further method, the initial selection of the construction path for the area where the spoil site belongs is carried out, and the specific analysis process is as follows:

[0011] The recommended index of the spoil site path is matched with the initially selected construction path corresponding to each spoil site path recommendation index interval, thereby obtaining the initially selected construction path of the area to which the spoil site belongs.

[0012] As a further method, the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path is analyzed in the following specific process:

[0013] The surface hardness of each pavement sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by minimum value to obtain the lowest surface hardness of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0014] The soil density of each pavement sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by minimum value to obtain the lowest soil density of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0015] The soil wet weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is subtracted from the soil dry weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs. The obtained value is recorded as the soil water weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, and the ratio is processed with the soil dry weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs to obtain the soil moisture content of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0016] The soil moisture content of each pavement sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by maximum value to obtain the maximum soil moisture content of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0017] The lowest surface hardness, lowest soil density, and highest soil moisture content of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site is located are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path. The specific analysis formula is:

[0018]

[0019] Where F is the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path, L is the minimum surface hardness of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, ΔL is the surface reference hardness preset in the spoil site construction database, d1 is the correction factor corresponding to the minimum surface hardness preset in the spoil site construction database, wd is the minimum soil density of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, Δwd is the soil reference density preset in the spoil site construction database, d2 is the correction factor corresponding to the minimum soil density preset in the spoil site construction database, m is the maximum soil moisture content of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, Δm is the soil reference moisture content preset in the spoil site construction database, and d3 is the correction factor for the maximum soil moisture content preset in the spoil site construction database.

[0020] As a further method, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is optimized, and the specific optimization process is as follows:

[0021] The spoil site construction path resource availability index is compared with the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value preset in the spoil construction database. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area of ​​the spoil site constructed with BIM technology is optimized. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is found to be less than the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is completed.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The present invention constructs a three-dimensional terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs by analyzing the terrain data of the spoil site. By analyzing the terrain data of the spoil site, the actual terrain conditions of the spoil site can be accurately reflected, which means that the three-dimensional terrain model constructed by BIM technology can accurately reproduce the landform characteristics of the spoil site, including slope, elevation, terrain undulation, etc. At the same time, the accurate three-dimensional terrain model provides a model reference basis for the subsequent analysis of the construction status of the spoil site.

[0024] (2) The present invention analyzes the environmental data of the area where the abandoned soil site belongs to obtain the initial selected construction path of the area where the abandoned soil site belongs, and can plan the optimal construction path, reduce the uncertainty and risk in the construction process, and thus improve construction efficiency. The optimal planning of the construction path also helps to reduce transportation distance and cost, and speed up the construction progress of the abandoned soil site.

[0025] (3) The present invention optimizes the three-dimensional terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs. The optimized three-dimensional terrain model can more accurately reflect the actual terrain conditions of the spoil site, help reduce survey errors and inaccuracies, and improve the overall data quality of the spoil site. At the same time, the construction planning of the spoil site can be more accurate, reducing the uncertainty and risk in the construction process of the spoil site. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments in the accompanying drawings do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. A person skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on the following drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the method of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a simulation curve diagram of soil density and soil moisture content involved in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a spoil site construction method based on GIS+BIM, including: constructing a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site: collecting and analyzing the terrain data of the spoil site, obtaining the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, and constructing a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site through BIM technology.

[0031] In this embodiment, an RTK drone can be used to perform high-precision scanning of the area where the spoil site is located to obtain terrain data of the spoil site, and high-precision sensors can be used to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the terrain data of the area where the spoil site is located.

[0032] Selection of construction path for the spoil site: The environmental data of the area where the spoil site is located is obtained through the GIS system, and the surface characteristic index of the spoil site is analyzed comprehensively to obtain the recommended index of the soil site path, and thus the initial selected construction path for the area where the spoil site is located is obtained.

[0033] Optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site: obtain the resource data corresponding to the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, obtain the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path, and compare it with the spoil site construction path resource utilization index boundary value preset in the spoil construction database. If the spoil site construction path resource utilization index is greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource utilization index boundary value, the three-dimensional terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs constructed using BIM technology is optimized. If the spoil site construction path resource utilization index is found to be less than the spoil site construction path resource utilization index boundary value, the optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is completed.

[0034] Specifically, the topographic data of the abandoned soil site include the altitude of the abandoned soil site, the surface area of ​​the abandoned soil site, the surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the abandoned soil site, and the average surface inclination angle of the abandoned soil site.

[0035] It should be explained that the altitude of the above-mentioned dumping site, the surface area of ​​the dumping site, the surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the dumping site, and the surface inclination angle of the dumping site were all obtained by scanning the area where the dumping site is located using an RTK drone.

[0036] Furthermore, the surface characteristic index of the spoil site is analyzed in the following way:

[0037] The surface area of ​​the spoil site is subtracted from the surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the spoil site to obtain the surface exposed area of ​​the spoil site, and the surface exposed rate of the spoil site is obtained by ratio processing with the surface area of ​​the spoil site.

[0038] The surface characteristic index of the spoil site is obtained by comprehensively analyzing the altitude of the spoil site, the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site, and the surface exposure rate of the spoil site. The specific analysis formula is:

[0039]

[0040] Where Q is the surface characteristic index of the spoil site. Higher surface altitudes are often accompanied by complex terrain and adverse climatic conditions, which will increase the difficulty and risk of spoil site construction. At the same time, due to the large slope in high-altitude areas, the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site is large, and the risk of soil erosion in the spoil site is relatively high, which will lead to serious loss of soil in the spoil site and increase the surface exposure rate of the spoil site. Therefore, by analyzing the various data of the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, we can more accurately assess the construction difficulty and risk, thereby formulating a more effective spoil site construction strategy and ensuring that the construction plan is completed on time. At the same time, detailed surface characteristic index analysis of the spoil site helps to identify sensitive areas of the spoil site and take preventive measures to reduce the damage of construction to the ecological environment.

[0041] In this embodiment, the surface altitude and exposure rate are often more consistent with the nonlinear changes in surface characteristics. For example, a slight change in altitude may cause significant environmental effects in a specific area, and the change in exposure rate may also be affected by multiple nonlinear factors (such as vegetation recovery rate, rainfall erosion, etc.). Therefore, the use of nonlinear description can more accurately reflect the complex relationship between the surface altitude of the spoil site and the surface exposure rate of the spoil site. At the same time, the nonlinear function transformation of the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site can well simulate the influence of the inclination angle on factors such as surface stability and soil erosion. The larger the inclination angle, the more significant the change in the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, thereby more accurately reflecting the influence of the inclination angle on the surface characteristics.

[0042] h is the altitude of the spoil site, which refers to the vertical distance of the surface of the spoil site relative to the sea level or a reference plane.

[0043] Δh is the reference altitude preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to the highest vertical distance of the ground surface relative to the sea level in the area where the spoil site is located.

[0044] a1 is the correction factor corresponding to the altitude preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to the degree of influence of the change in altitude on the surface characteristic index of the spoil site. The fitting curve of the altitude can be obtained by fitting the correspondence between the historical precipitation and the altitude of the spoil site. The real-time precipitation is brought into the fitting curve of the altitude to obtain the correction factor corresponding to the altitude in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0045] θ is the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site, which refers to the average inclination or slope of the surface of the spoil site within the horizontal distance.

[0046] Δθ is the reference angle of the ground surface inclination preset in the spoil dump construction database. It refers to the upper limit of the ground surface inclination that needs to be considered during the site selection, design, and construction of the spoil dump to ensure its stability and safety.

[0047] a2 is the correction factor corresponding to the surface inclination angle preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to the degree of influence of the change in the surface inclination angle on the surface characteristic index of the spoil site. The fitting curve of the surface inclination angle can be obtained by fitting the correspondence between the historical precipitation and the surface inclination angle of the spoil site. The real-time precipitation is brought into the fitting curve of the surface inclination angle to obtain the correction factor corresponding to the surface inclination angle in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0048] br is the surface exposure rate of the spoil site, which refers to the proportion of the surface of the spoil site not covered by vegetation.

[0049] a3 is the impact factor corresponding to the unit value of the exposure rate preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to the degree of influence of the change in the surface exposure rate on the surface characteristic index of the spoil site. The fitting curve of the exposure rate can be obtained by fitting the correspondence between the historical surface bare soil area and the exposure rate of the spoil site. The real-time surface bare soil area is brought into the fitting curve of the exposure rate to obtain the impact factor corresponding to the unit value of the exposure rate in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0050] In this embodiment, the surface altitude reference height preset in the above-mentioned spoil field construction database is set to 200 meters, the correction factor corresponding to the altitude preset in the spoil field construction database is 0.4, the surface inclination reference angle preset in the spoil field construction database is 15 degrees, the correction factor corresponding to the surface inclination angle preset in the spoil field construction database is 0.3, and the influence factor corresponding to the exposure rate unit value preset in the spoil field construction database is 0.3. Thus, a relationship change table of the surface characteristic index of the spoil field and various parameters can be obtained, as shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1 Relationship between surface characteristic index and various parameters of the spoil site

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] Through the data in the above Table 1 showing the relationship between the surface characteristic index of the spoil site and various parameters, it is found that when the surface altitude of the spoil site and the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site deviate more from the surface altitude reference altitude and the surface inclination reference angle preset in the spoil site construction database, the surface characteristic index of the spoil site will be greater. At the same time, when the surface exposure rate of the spoil site is greater, the surface characteristic index of the spoil site will also be greater.

[0055] Specifically, a three-dimensional terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs is constructed. The specific construction process is as follows:

[0056] The altitude and surface area of ​​the spoil site are converted into a surface model of the spoil site through BIM technology. The inclination angle of the surface model of the spoil site is adjusted according to the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site through BIM technology. The surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the spoil site is marked with preset colors on the surface model of the spoil site after the inclination angle is adjusted. In this way, an initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs is constructed. The initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs is adjusted according to the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, and finally a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs is obtained.

[0057] It should be explained that the area within which the above-mentioned dump site falls refers to a specific geographical area, which is primarily defined around the dump site (i.e., a site used for dumping and disposing of soil, rocks, or other waste materials). This area includes not only the dump site itself, but also its surrounding environment, topography, landforms, and other elements.

[0058] In this embodiment, a three-dimensional terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs is constructed through BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology, which can accurately simulate the terrain, landform, vegetation coverage and other characteristics of the area, providing strong support for subsequent spoil site planning, design, construction and management. For example, marking information such as slope changes and vegetation distribution in the model is helpful to evaluate the stability of the spoil site, formulate soil and water conservation measures, plan vegetation restoration plans, etc. At the same time, by adjusting the surface characteristic index, the model can be further optimized to make it closer to the actual situation, thereby improving the accuracy and practicality of the model.

[0059] In this embodiment, the terrain data of the spoil site obtained by high-precision scanning with an RTK drone needs to be imported into the BIM software, and the terrain modeling function in the BIM software is used to generate a surface model of the spoil site based on the imported data. The tools in the BIM software are used to analyze the inclination angle of the current terrain model. In the BIM software, the terrain editing tool can be used to adjust the inclination angle of the surface model. In the embodiment, different colors are used to distinguish vegetation-covered areas based on different types of vegetation. For example, dark green may be used to represent forests, light green for grasslands, and brown for exposed areas. The surface characteristic index of the spoil site is used to adjust the characteristics of the initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs. The quantified characteristic index data needs to be integrated into the BIM software. In the BIM software, the surface characteristic index is used to guide the adjustment of the terrain model.

[0060] Specifically, the environmental data of the area where the dumping site is located include the maximum ultraviolet intensity and maximum precipitation in the area where the dumping site is located during the construction period.

[0061] It should be explained that the above-mentioned construction period refers to the entire period from the start of the construction of the spoil site to the current construction progress of the spoil site. The maximum ultraviolet intensity and maximum precipitation in the area of ​​the spoil site during the construction period are obtained through the GIS system.

[0062] Furthermore, the soil field path recommendation index, the specific analysis process is as follows:

[0063] The surface characteristic index of the spoil site is comprehensively analyzed with the maximum ultraviolet intensity and maximum precipitation in the area where the spoil site is located during the construction period, thereby obtaining the recommended index for the spoil site path. The specific analysis formula is:

[0064]

[0065] Where T is the recommended index for the spoil site path. A higher surface characteristic index means that the terrain of the spoil site is usually more complex, which may lead to increased construction difficulty because it is more difficult for engineering equipment and transport vehicles to operate on steep and uneven ground. At the same time, in complex terrain, the transportation route may be more tortuous and narrow, which will reduce transportation efficiency, increase transportation costs, and may cause transportation time to be extended. Some extreme terrains are often accompanied by higher ultraviolet intensity. Higher ultraviolet rays will accelerate the aging process of construction equipment and materials (such as plastic and rubber parts), increase the maintenance and replacement frequency of equipment, and extreme terrain also affects the change of precipitation. As precipitation increases, the road may become muddy. There may even be natural disasters such as waterlogging and landslides, which will greatly reduce the road's traffic capacity and increase the difficulty and risk of construction vehicles and personnel passing through. Due to the decline in road traffic capacity, the movement speed of construction vehicles and personnel will slow down, further leading to reduced construction efficiency and delays in construction period. Therefore, by analyzing the various data of the recommended index of the spoil site path, we can choose a path with more favorable terrain and environmental conditions, reduce construction difficulty, and improve construction efficiency. Path selection that takes environmental factors into consideration can reduce damage to the surrounding environment, such as reducing vegetation damage, soil erosion and pollution risks. By avoiding high-risk areas, such as areas with complex terrain and harsh climate, the safety of spoil site construction can be improved and accidents can be reduced.

[0066] In this embodiment, through nonlinear analysis of the surface characteristic index of the spoil dump and the maximum ultraviolet intensity and maximum precipitation in the area where the spoil dump is located during the construction period, it is helpful to highlight the impact of the extreme conditions of maximum ultraviolet intensity and maximum precipitation on the spoil dump path recommendation index in the analysis, smooth out the fluctuations in the data, reduce the impact of outliers, and make the calculated spoil dump path recommendation index more accurate.

[0067] Q is the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, b1 is the weight factor corresponding to the surface characteristic index of the spoil site preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to the degree of influence of the change in the surface characteristic index of the spoil site on the spoil site path recommendation index. The corresponding relationship between the historical surface altitude, historical surface average inclination angle, historical surface exposure rate and the surface characteristic index of the spoil site can be used to fit the fitting curve corresponding to the surface characteristic index of the spoil site. The real-time surface altitude, real-time surface average inclination angle and real-time surface exposure rate of the spoil site are brought into the fitting curve corresponding to the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, thereby obtaining the weight factor corresponding to the surface characteristic index of the spoil site in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0068] w is the maximum intensity of ultraviolet radiation in the area where the spoil site is located during the construction period, which refers to the maximum value of the ultraviolet radiation intensity monitored in the area where the spoil site is located during the construction period.

[0069] Δw is the UV reference intensity preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to the average UV radiation level expected to be encountered during the spoil site construction.

[0070] b2 is the correction factor corresponding to the maximum ultraviolet intensity preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to the degree of influence of the change in the maximum ultraviolet intensity on the spoil site path recommendation index. The fitting curve corresponding to the maximum ultraviolet intensity can be obtained by fitting the correspondence between the historical time and ultraviolet intensity of the area to which the spoil site belongs during the construction period. At the same time, the real-time time of the area to which the spoil site belongs during the construction period is brought into the fitting curve corresponding to the maximum ultraviolet intensity, thereby obtaining the correction factor corresponding to the maximum ultraviolet intensity in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0071] rh is the maximum precipitation in the area where the spoil site is located during the construction period, which refers to the maximum precipitation observed in the area where the spoil site is located during the entire construction period.

[0072] Δrh is the reference precipitation preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to the average rainfall level that may be encountered during the construction period.

[0073] b3 is the correction factor corresponding to the maximum precipitation preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to the degree of influence of the change in maximum precipitation on the spoil site path recommendation index. The fitting curve corresponding to the maximum precipitation can be obtained by fitting the correspondence between the historical seasonal changes of the area to which the spoil site belongs during the construction period and the maximum precipitation. At the same time, the real-time season of the area to which the spoil site belongs during the construction period is brought into the fitting curve corresponding to the maximum precipitation, thereby obtaining the correction factor corresponding to the maximum precipitation in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0074] In this embodiment, the weight factor corresponding to the surface characteristic index of the spoil field preset in the above-mentioned spoil field construction database is set to 0.6, the ultraviolet reference intensity preset in the spoil field construction data preset in the spoil field construction database is 5 mW / cm2, the correction factor corresponding to the maximum ultraviolet intensity preset in the spoil field construction database is 0.2, the reference precipitation preset in the spoil field construction database is 150 mm / month, and the correction factor corresponding to the maximum precipitation preset in the spoil field construction database is 0.2. Thus, a relationship change table between the spoil field path recommendation index and various parameters can be obtained, as shown in Table 2:

[0075] Table 2 Relationship between the recommended index of the spoil site path and various parameters

[0076]

[0077] Through the data in Table 2 showing the relationship between the recommended index of the spoil site path and various parameters, it is found that the recommended index of the spoil site path will change according to the changes in the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, the maximum ultraviolet intensity and the maximum precipitation. When the maximum ultraviolet intensity and the maximum precipitation deviate more from the ultraviolet reference intensity and reference precipitation preset in the spoil site construction database, the obtained recommended index of the spoil site path will be smaller.

[0078] Specifically, the initial selection of the construction path for the area where the spoil site belongs is done through the following analysis process:

[0079] The recommended index of the spoil site path is matched with the initially selected construction path corresponding to each spoil site path recommendation index interval, thereby obtaining the initially selected construction path of the area to which the spoil site belongs.

[0080] In this embodiment, the recommended index intervals of the above-mentioned waste dump paths are set to (0, 30%], (30%, 60%], and greater than 60%, and the three intervals correspond to three initially selected construction paths, namely the first initially selected construction path, the second initially selected construction path, and the third initially selected construction path.

[0081] Specifically, the resource data corresponding to the initial selected construction path of the area where the spoil site belongs include the surface hardness of each road surface sampling point of the initial selected construction path of the area where the spoil site belongs, the dry weight and wet weight of the soil at each road surface sampling point of the initial selected construction path of the area where the spoil site belongs, and the soil density of each road surface sampling point of the initial selected construction path of the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0082] It should be explained that the above-mentioned road sampling points of the initial selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs refer to the specific locations selected for collecting surface and geological data when planning and evaluating the construction path of the spoil site. In this embodiment, they are randomly arranged according to the length of the initial selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs. The surface hardness of each road sampling point on the initial selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs can be tested by a dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP). The dynamic cone penetrometer uses a light hammer to hit a metal cone to penetrate into the soil of the initial selected construction path. The surface hardness can be calculated by measuring the number of hits required for the cone to penetrate a specific depth. The soil wet weight of each road sampling point on the initial selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs refers to the soil sample at the time of collection. The natural weight includes moisture and other impurities in the soil, so the wet weight of the soil can be obtained directly by weighing the collected soil samples. The dry weight of the soil at each road surface sampling point on the initial selected construction path in the area where the soil site belongs refers to the weight after removing moisture from the soil sample. Therefore, the soil sample can be placed in an oven and dried to a constant weight at a set temperature (set to 105°C in this embodiment). During the drying process, the moisture in the soil will be evaporated, while the minerals and other solid components in the soil remain unchanged. The dried soil sample is taken out and weighed to obtain the dry weight of the soil. The soil density at each road surface sampling point on the initial selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs can be measured using radioactive isotopes (such as cesium-137).

[0083] Specifically, the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path is analyzed in the following steps:

[0084] The surface hardness of each pavement sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by minimum value to obtain the lowest surface hardness of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0085] The soil density of each pavement sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by minimum value to obtain the lowest soil density of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0086] The soil wet weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is subtracted from the soil dry weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs. The obtained value is recorded as the soil water weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, and the ratio is processed with the soil dry weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs to obtain the soil moisture content of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0087] The soil moisture content of each pavement sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by maximum value to obtain the maximum soil moisture content of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0088] The lowest surface hardness, lowest soil density, and highest soil moisture content of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site is located are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path. The specific analysis formula is:

[0089]

[0090] Where F is the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path. When the minimum surface hardness of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is lower than the surface reference hardness preset in the spoil site construction database, it may lead to poor stability of construction equipment during operation, increase safety risks, and transport vehicles may encounter problems such as getting stuck and slipping when driving on soft ground, affecting transportation efficiency. Low surface hardness may make the spoil site unable to be fully utilized, and additional engineering measures are required to ensure its use. The minimum soil density of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is lower than the soil reference density preset in the spoil site construction database, which means that the soil is relatively loose and cannot effectively support During the operation of construction vehicles and equipment, excessive soil moisture content will make the soil loose and reduce its bearing capacity, thus affecting the normal use of construction vehicles and equipment. This not only increases the difficulty of construction at the spoil site, but may also lead to construction accidents. Therefore, by analyzing various data of the spoil site construction path resource utilization index, potential traffic obstacles, such as muddy or unstable roads, can be identified in advance, so that measures can be taken to improve them, ensuring the smooth passage of transport vehicles and construction equipment. Understanding the impact of soil conditions on construction equipment will help to rationally allocate equipment use, avoid excessive wear and failures caused by poor soil conditions, and thus improve overall construction efficiency.

[0091] In this embodiment, the relationship between the minimum surface hardness, the minimum soil density, and the maximum soil moisture content of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, and the resource availability of the construction path is often nonlinear. Nonlinear change analysis can more accurately capture these complex relationships and avoid the errors that may be caused by linear analysis. By comprehensively analyzing the three key indicators of surface hardness, soil density, and moisture content, the bearing capacity, stability, and construction difficulty of the construction path can be comprehensively evaluated, thereby more accurately determining the resource availability index of the construction path.

[0092] L is the minimum surface hardness of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, which refers to the lowest surface hardness value recorded at all sampling points on the construction path.

[0093] ΔL is the reference hardness of the ground surface preset in the spoil site construction database. It refers to a standard or benchmark value pre-set during the planning and design of the spoil site construction process, which is used to represent the hardness of the ground surface.

[0094] d1 is the correction factor corresponding to the minimum surface hardness preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to the degree of influence of the change in the minimum surface hardness on the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path. The corresponding relationship between the historical moisture content of the surface soil and the surface hardness can be used to fit the fitting curve corresponding to the surface hardness. The real-time moisture content of the surface soil is brought into the fitting curve corresponding to the surface hardness to obtain the correction factor corresponding to the minimum surface hardness in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0095] wd is the minimum soil density of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area of ​​the spoil site, which refers to the minimum soil density value recorded at all sampling points on the construction path.

[0096] Δwd is the soil reference density preset in the spoil site construction database. It refers to a standard or benchmark value preset during the planning and design of spoil site construction to represent the density of the soil.

[0097] d2 is the correction factor corresponding to the minimum soil density preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to the degree of influence of the change in the minimum soil density on the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path. The corresponding relationship between the historical compaction degree of the soil and the soil density can be used to fit the fitting curve corresponding to the soil density. The real-time compaction degree of the soil is brought into the fitting curve corresponding to the soil density to obtain the correction factor corresponding to the minimum soil density in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0098] m is the maximum soil moisture content of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area of ​​the spoil site, which refers to the maximum soil moisture content recorded at all sampling points on the construction path.

[0099] Δm is the soil reference moisture content preset in the spoil site construction database. It refers to a standard or benchmark value preset during the planning and design of the spoil site construction process, which is used to represent the soil moisture content.

[0100] d3 is the correction factor of the maximum soil moisture content preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to the degree of influence of the change in the maximum soil moisture content on the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path. The corresponding relationship between historical precipitation and soil moisture content can be used to fit the fitting curve corresponding to the soil moisture content. The real-time precipitation is brought into the fitting curve corresponding to the soil moisture content to obtain the correction factor of the maximum soil moisture content in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0101] In this embodiment, the hardness of the soil is correlated to its density. Harder soil tends to have a higher density because the soil particles are more tightly bound together. There is a certain relationship between the density of the soil and its moisture content. When the soil moisture content is low, the gaps between the soil particles are larger, resulting in a lower soil density. As the moisture content increases, the gaps between the soil particles are filled with water, and the soil density may increase. However, when the moisture content is too high, the soil may become too loose, resulting in a decrease in density. When the soil moisture content is moderate, the soil particles are tightly bound together, and the surface may exhibit a higher hardness. However, when the soil moisture content is too high, the soil may become muddy, resulting in a decrease in the surface hardness. Conversely, when the soil is extremely dry, the surface may also exhibit a lower hardness due to lack of moisture. Therefore, a simulation curve diagram of the relationship between soil density and soil moisture content can be constructed, as shown below. Figure 2 The simulation curve of soil density and soil moisture content is shown in the graph, where the horizontal axis is soil moisture content (%) and the vertical axis is soil density in grams per cubic centimeter.

[0102] By observation Figure 2 The simulation curve of soil density and soil moisture content shows that as the soil moisture content increases from 5% to 60%, the soil density gradually increases when the moisture content is low, reaches a peak (at 30% moisture content in this example), and then gradually decreases as the moisture content further increases. This trend reflects the phenomenon that the gaps between soil particles are filled with water and the soil becomes loose due to excessive moisture.

[0103] Specifically, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is optimized. The specific optimization process is as follows:

[0104] The spoil site construction path resource availability index is compared with the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value preset in the spoil construction database. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area of ​​the spoil site constructed with BIM technology is optimized. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is found to be less than the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is completed.

[0105] In this embodiment, if the above-mentioned spoil site construction path resource utilization index is less than the spoil site construction path resource utilization index limit value, it means that the three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the current spoil site belongs can reflect the actual terrain conditions of the spoil site, and therefore there is no need to optimize the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site.

[0106] It should be explained that the above-mentioned limit value of the spoil dump construction path resource utilization index refers to the maximum value allowed by the spoil dump construction path resource utilization index. Experts in the fields of civil engineering, environmental science and geology can be consulted to obtain their opinions and suggestions on the maximum allowable value of the construction path resource utilization, and the limit value of the spoil dump construction path resource utilization index can be set accordingly.

[0107] In this embodiment, if the spoil site construction path resource utilization index is greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource utilization index threshold value, the three-dimensional terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site constructed using BIM technology is optimized. The specific optimization process is as follows: the existing three-dimensional terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site constructed using BIM technology is evaluated to determine the area that needs to be updated or optimized. At the same time, new terrain data of the spoil site is collected, which may include more detailed surface characteristics, soil conditions, vegetation cover, etc. The newly collected data is imported into the model using the autonomous update function of the BIM software. In the BIM software, the terrain model is optimized based on the updated data and parameters, which may include modifying the terrain surface, adjusting the elevation, changing the slope, etc. The spoil site construction path resource utilization index is re-analyzed for the optimized three-dimensional terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site. If the optimized spoil site construction path resource utilization index is still greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource utilization index threshold value, it indicates that the terrain data of the spoil site needs to be re-collected to ensure the accuracy of the three-dimensional terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site constructed using BIM technology.

[0108] The above content is merely an example and explanation of the structure of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined in this specification, they should all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for spoil site construction based on GIS+BIM, characterized in that: include: Construct a 3D construction terrain model of the spoil site: Collect and analyze the terrain data of the spoil site, obtain the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, and construct a 3D construction terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs using BIM technology; Selection of construction paths for the spoil site: The environmental data of the area where the spoil site is located is obtained through the GIS system, and the surface characteristic index of the spoil site is analyzed to obtain the recommended index of the soil site path, and thus the initial selection of the construction path for the area where the spoil site is located is obtained; Optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site: Obtain resource data corresponding to the initially selected construction path in the area of ​​the spoil site, obtain the spoil site construction path resource availability index, and compare it with the spoil site construction path resource availability index limit value preset in the spoil construction database. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource availability index limit value, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site area constructed using BIM technology is optimized. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is less than the spoil site construction path resource availability index limit value, the optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is completed. in: The surface characteristic index of the spoil site is specifically analyzed as follows: the surface area of ​​the spoil site is subtracted from the surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the spoil site to obtain the surface exposed area of ​​the spoil site, and the exposed area is then ratioed with the surface area of ​​the spoil site to obtain the surface exposed rate of the spoil site; The surface characteristic index of the spoil site is obtained by comprehensively analyzing the altitude of the spoil site, the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site, and the surface exposure rate of the spoil site. The specific analysis process of the soil dump path recommendation index is as follows: a comprehensive analysis is conducted on the surface characteristic index of the soil dump and the maximum ultraviolet intensity and maximum precipitation in the area where the soil dump is located during the construction period, thereby obtaining the soil dump path recommendation index; The specific analysis process of the spoil site construction path resource utilization index is as follows: The surface hardness of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by minimum value to obtain the lowest surface hardness of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs; The soil density of each sampling point of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by minimum value to obtain the lowest soil density of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs; The soil wet weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is subtracted from the soil dry weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs. The obtained value is recorded as the soil water weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, and the obtained value is then ratioed with the soil dry weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs to obtain the soil moisture content of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs. The soil moisture content of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by maximum value to obtain the maximum soil moisture content of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs; The resource availability index of the spoil site construction path is obtained by comprehensively analyzing the minimum surface hardness, the minimum soil density, and the maximum soil moisture content of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site is located.

2. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The topographic data of the spoil site specifically include the altitude of the spoil site, the surface area of ​​the spoil site, the surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the spoil site, and the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site.

3. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs is constructed in the following specific construction process: The altitude and surface area of ​​the spoil site are converted into a surface model of the spoil site through BIM technology. The inclination angle of the surface model of the spoil site is adjusted according to the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site through BIM technology. The surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the spoil site is marked with preset colors on the surface model of the spoil site after the inclination angle is adjusted. In this way, an initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs is constructed. The initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs is adjusted according to the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, and finally a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs is obtained.

4. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental data of the area where the spoil site is located specifically include the maximum ultraviolet intensity and maximum precipitation in the area where the spoil site is located during the construction period.

5. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 4, characterized in that: The initial selection of the construction path for the area where the spoil site belongs is as follows: The recommended index of the spoil site path is matched with the initially selected construction path corresponding to each spoil site path recommendation index interval, thereby obtaining the initially selected construction path of the area to which the spoil site belongs.

6. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resource data corresponding to the initial selected construction path of the area to which the spoil site belongs specifically includes the surface hardness of each road surface sampling point on the initial selected construction path of the area to which the spoil site belongs, the dry weight and wet weight of the soil at each road surface sampling point on the initial selected construction path of the area to which the spoil site belongs, and the soil density at each road surface sampling point on the initial selected construction path of the area to which the spoil site belongs.

7. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific analysis formula for the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path is: Where, is the resource availability index of the construction path of the spoil site, The minimum surface hardness of the road surface of the initial selected construction path in the area of ​​the spoil site is the surface reference hardness preset in the spoil site construction database. The correction factor corresponding to the minimum surface hardness preset in the spoil site construction database, The minimum soil density of the road surface of the construction path initially selected for the area of ​​the spoil site is The soil reference density preset for the spoil site construction database, Correction factor corresponding to the minimum soil density preset in the spoil site construction database, The maximum soil moisture content of the road surface of the initial selected construction path in the area of ​​the spoil site is the soil reference moisture content preset in the spoil site construction database. Correction factor for the maximum soil moisture content preset for the spoil site construction database.

8. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is optimized, and the specific optimization process is as follows: The spoil site construction path resource availability index is compared with the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value preset in the spoil construction database. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area of ​​the spoil site constructed with BIM technology is optimized. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is found to be less than the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is completed.

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