A method for rapid recovery of top vegetation by treating alkali spots in situ with leymus chinensis grass spots

Abstract

A kind of top vegetation fast recovery method for treating alkali patch in situ of Leymus chinensis grass patch. It relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of moderate and severe saline-alkali land, and specifically relates to the technical field of treating alkali patch in situ of Leymus chinensis grass patch in moderate and severe degraded saline-alkali land. It effectively solves the problems of long technical effect time, uneven treatment effect and the like in the traditional mode of ecological restoration of moderate and severe degraded saline-alkali grassland. The method comprises the following steps: S1, investigation of background value of the research area; S2, spreading of alkali patch patch modifier; S3, alkali patch patch land preparation; S4, cutting and taking of Leymus chinensis patch; S5, transplanting of Leymus chinensis seedlings to alkali patch patch; S6, drip irrigation water supplement of improved alkali patch patch; S7, conventional management of improved alkali patch patch. The method can quickly and efficiently restore Leymus chinensis vegetation, thereby shortening the recovery process of degraded grassland, and can promote the rapid growth of Leymus chinensis in the Leymus chinensis patch from which seedlings are taken, and improve the grassland biomass.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of moderate to severe saline-alkali land, in particular to the technical field of in-situ governance of alkali patches in moderate to severe degraded saline-alkali land using Leymus chinensis grass patches. BACKGROUND

[0002] Due to multiple influences of human activities, natural conditions and global changes, the saline-alkali degradation in the Songnen Plain is serious. With the aggravation of saline-alkali degree, the relative biomass of high-quality forage grasses will rapidly decrease, the coverage will decrease, and strong evaporation will cause the soluble salt in the soil to rise to the surface layer of the soil along the capillary water, aggravating the soil salinization. Species with weak salt tolerance, such as Puccinellia distans, Chloris viridula, Kalidium foliatum and Suaeda, gradually decrease, and species with strong salt tolerance, such as Puccinellia distans, Chloris viridula, Kalidium foliatum and Suaeda, rapidly occupy the habitat, forming mixed or single-plant communities of salt-tolerant plants. With the aggravation of saline-alkali degree, even the salt-tolerant species cannot grow normally and complete the growth period, and a large number of saline-alkali patches appear. The original Leymus chinensis also presents patchy distribution, and the original grassland habitat dominated by Leymus chinensis is continuously fragmented and lost. Therefore, the Songnen Plain has become one of the important soda saline-alkali soil distribution areas in China and even in the world, with large spatial differences in the degree of soil salinization, which is commonly known as "one step three soil changes". This brings serious obstacles to grassland restoration and ecological governance of saline-alkali land, and the contradictions between grassland salinization and the development of animal husbandry and other pain points are increasingly prominent. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present application discloses a top vegetation rapid recovery method for in-situ governance of alkali patches in Leymus chinensis grass patches, which relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of moderate to severe saline-alkali land, and effectively solves the problems of long technical effect time and uneven governance effect in the current ecological restoration mode of moderate to severe degraded saline-alkali grassland.

[0004] The method comprises the following steps:

[0005] S1, investigation of background values of the research area;

[0006] S2, application of alkali patch patch modifier;

[0007] S3, land preparation of alkali patch patches, to obtain land to be transplanted;

[0008] S4, cutting and taking of Leymus chinensis patches to obtain Leymus chinensis seedlings;

[0009] S5, transplanting of Leymus chinensis seedlings to the land to be transplanted;

[0010] S6, drip irrigation and water replenishment of the improved alkali patch patches;

[0011] S7, conventional management of the improved alkali patch patches.

[0012] Further, the research area includes grass patches and alkali patches; the background value investigation of the research area is specifically: a method combining multi-spectral unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing and ground investigation is used to obtain the background value investigation result of the research area; the background value of the research area includes vegetation composition, coverage, Leymus chinensis patch area, alkali patch area, soil PH, conductivity and alkalization degree; through analyzing the background value investigation result of the research area, the difference of the degree of salinization of the research area is obtained.

[0013] Further, the modifier is No. 3 alkali removal; according to the difference of the degree of salinization of the research area, the dosage of the modifier to be applied is determined; the modifier application is specifically: the modifier is applied to the alkali patch by using a throwing machine according to a linear driving route.

[0014] Further, the alkali patch land preparation is specifically: the land after the modifier application is subjected to deep loosening and rotary tillage treatment by using mechanical farm tools, and flat land is obtained; the farm tools with adjustable plow spacing and depth are used, the spacing of each ridge is set to 60-65 cm, and the flat land is straightly ridged to obtain the land to be transplanted.

[0015] Further, the root cutting and seedling taking is specifically: the Leymus chinensis patch is linearly cut and taken in a cross shape; the linear cross root cutting is specifically: a shovel type ditching tool is used to cut the Leymus chinensis patch along the longest direction of the Leymus chinensis patch first, and then continue to cut in a direction perpendicular to the above direction, the cutting spacing in the same direction is 45-60 cm, until there is no Leymus chinensis patch with a cutting spacing in the same direction greater than 60 cm in the Leymus chinensis patch, and the cutting is completed; the removed Leymus chinensis plants are cut into plant clumps with a diameter of 7-12 cm by using a cutter, and Leymus chinensis seedlings are obtained.

[0016] Further, the Leymus chinensis seedlings are transplanted to the ridge of the land to be transplanted according to a plant spacing of 60-80 cm, and the soil is covered and compacted to obtain the improved alkali patch.

[0017] Further, the drip irrigation water supplementing is specifically: after the Leymus chinensis seedlings are transplanted, the improved alkali patch is immediately laid with a drip irrigation pipeline and irrigated in time to supplement water until the transplanted Leymus chinensis seedlings are acclimated.

[0018] Further, the conventional management is specifically: water management is regularly performed, and weeds are removed.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0020] The application is a kind of top vegetation rapid recovery method for treating alkali patch in situ of Leymus chinensis grass patch, the area of saline-alkali light spot is obtained by the method of combining unmanned aerial vehicle with ground investigation, the dosage of the modifier is determined, the time of manual measurement is reduced, the linear cross-shaped root cutting is carried out on the Leymus chinensis patch in the naturally moderately degraded grassland, a part of Leymus chinensis is cut and transplanted manually, and the transplanted Leymus chinensis is timely drip irrigated to ensure the survival rate of the transplanted Leymus chinensis, and the Leymus chinensis patch after root cutting can also be quickly recovered. The method can quickly and efficiently recover the Leymus chinensis vegetation, thereby shortening the recovery process of the degraded grassland, promoting the rapid growth of Leymus chinensis in the Leymus chinensis patch for taking seedlings, and improving the grassland biomass. It is a new method for quickly and efficiently recovering the top vegetation of the saline-alkali light spot. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The figure is a sampling schematic diagram of the Leymus chinensis patch in the research area of the embodiment of the application;

[0022] Figure 2 In the figure, (a) is a comparison diagram of the fresh weight and dry weight content of the biomass of the Leymus chinensis patch after root cutting and seedling taking and the Leymus chinensis patch in the control area, (b) is a comparison diagram of the dry matter content of the Leymus chinensis patch after root cutting and seedling taking and the Leymus chinensis patch in the control area, (c) is a comparison diagram of the plant height of the growing plant and the nutrient plant of the Leymus chinensis patch after root cutting and seedling taking and the Leymus chinensis patch in the control area, and (d) is a comparison diagram of the number of species of the Leymus chinensis patch after root cutting and seedling taking and the Leymus chinensis patch in the control area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions of the application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the application.

[0024] Embodiment 1,

[0025] The embodiment provides a kind of top vegetation rapid recovery method for treating alkali patch in situ of Leymus chinensis grass patch, which comprises the following steps:

[0026] In the experiment on July 19-20, 2024, moderately degraded saline-alkali grassland patches in the sample plot of Haoyao Sumu Town, Kailu Middle Banner, Xing'an League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected as the research object, two plots with saline-alkali light spot, alkali bush patch and Leymus chinensis patch as the main dominant species were selected in the sample plot, one of the plots was selected as the research area, and the other plot was selected as the control area.

[0027] Linear "+" shaped root cuttings were performed on the Leymus chinensis patches in the study area. Specifically, a furrowing plow (furrowing machine) was used to first cut the Leymus chinensis patches along the longest direction of the patch, and then cut perpendicular to the above direction, with a spacing of 45-60 cm between cuts in the same direction. Figure 1 As shown, cutting was completed when there were no more Leymus chinensis patches with a unidirectional cutting spacing greater than 60 cm within the Leymus chinensis patch. The Leymus chinensis patches in the control area were not cut.

[0028] The specific results of this embodiment are as follows:

[0029] After root cutting and seedling removal, the Leymus chinensis patches recovered rapidly, producing new tillers. The average plant height of Leymus chinensis in the study area after seedling removal was 50-65 cm, while the plant height in the control area without seedling removal was 25-45 cm. Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 (a) is a comparison chart of the fresh and dry weight of biomass in Leymus chinensis patches after root cutting and seedling collection in an embodiment of the present invention and in the control area. Figure 2 (b) is a comparison chart of the dry matter content of *Leymus chinensis* patches after root cutting and seedling collection in an embodiment of the present invention and the control area. Figure 2 (c) is a comparison diagram of the plant height of growing and vegetative plants in the *Leymus chinensis* patch after root cutting and seedling collection in an embodiment of the present invention and the control area. Figure 2 (d) is a comparison of the number of species in the Leymus chinensis patches after root cutting and seedling collection in the embodiment of the present invention and the Leymus chinensis patches in the control area. In summary, the biomass fresh weight, dry weight, dry matter content, height of growing plants and vegetative plants, and number of species in the Leymus chinensis patches after root cutting and seedling collection are significantly higher than those in the control area without root cutting and seedling collection, that is, the growth of Leymus chinensis in the Leymus chinensis patches is promoted after root cutting and seedling collection.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] This embodiment provides a method for rapid restoration of top-tier vegetation using Leymus chinensis in situ to treat alkaline patches. The method includes the following steps:

[0032] The research time and research objects in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1. A plot of land within the sample plot with salt-alkali light spots, Suaeda salsa patches, and Leymus chinensis patches as the main dominant species is selected as the research area.

[0033] Analysis of remote sensing data from drones and ground sampling tests revealed that the total area of ​​the region is 500 mu (approximately 33 hectares). Among them, the proportion of sheepgrass patches is 4%, weeds account for 8%, and the area of ​​Suaeda salsa and bare soil is 88%. The soil pH of Suaeda salsa and bare soil is above 9.5, and the soil electrical conductivity is 600-3000 μs / cm, which are classified as severely and extremely severely saline-alkali land.

[0034] Through the analysis of the background value survey results of the study area, the field amount of soil conditioner in the study area is determined as 0.5 tons per mu, and the soil conditioner is precisely scattered by using a scattering machine, and then the soil conditioner is applied to the alkali spot patches in the study area according to the linear driving route.

[0035] The land after the application of the soil conditioner is subjected to deep loosening (depth 15-20 cm) and rotary tillage for land leveling treatment by using mechanical farm tools, and the standard is that the soil after leveling has no obvious large clumps. The deep loosening and rotary tillage treatment completely avoids all soil platform patches with plant (Artemisia japonica, moss, tiger tail grass, etc.) growth and does not interfere. After leveling, adjustable plow spacing and depth farm tools are used to straightly form ridges on the alkali spot patches, and the spacing of each ridge is set to 60-65 cm. For the patches without application of the soil conditioner, adjustable plow spacing and depth farm tools are also used to linearly form ridges on the alkali spot patches, and the spacing of each ridge is set to 60-65 cm, to obtain the land to be transplanted.

[0036] The Leymus chinensis patch in the study area is selected, and the transplanting period is selected after the Leymus chinensis turns green in May-July, and the coverage of the Leymus chinensis seedlings reaches more than 70%. The linear "cross" root cutting and seedling taking are performed, specifically: a furrowing plow (hoe furrowing tool) is used to cut the Leymus chinensis patch along the longest direction of the Leymus chinensis patch first, and then the cutting is continued in the direction perpendicular to the above direction, and the cutting spacing in the same direction is 45-60 cm, as shown in Figure 1 , until there is no Leymus chinensis patch with a same-direction cutting spacing greater than 60 cm in the Leymus chinensis patch, and the cutting is completed. The cut Leymus chinensis seedlings are cut into plant clumps with a diameter of 7-12 cm by using a cutter, and it is ensured that each clump has 3-5 Leymus chinensis seedlings.

[0037] The cut Leymus chinensis seedling clumps are transplanted into the land to be transplanted with formed ridges according to the plant spacing of 60-80 cm, and then the soil is covered and compacted to ensure that the soil in the hole completely covers the roots and stems of the Leymus chinensis seedlings.

[0038] The Leymus chinensis seedlings are immediately laid out after the Leymus chinensis seedlings are transplanted, and the drip irrigation pipeline is laid and irrigated in time to ensure that the soil around the transplanted Leymus chinensis is moist, until the transplanted Leymus chinensis is acclimated.

[0039] The acclimated Leymus chinensis is regularly watered according to the rainfall, and weeds are removed.

[0040] The specific results of the embodiment are as follows: the survival rate of the Leymus chinensis patch plant clump transplantation is 63.0%, the average number of new Leymus chinensis tillers is 6.75, and the average height of the new tillers is 13.8±3.2 cm.

[0041] Example 3,

[0042] The embodiment is different from the embodiment 2 that the field quantity of the soil conditioner in the research area is 2 tons per mu, and the other is the same as the embodiment 1.

[0043] The specific results of the embodiment are as follows: the survival rate of the patchy plant clump of Leymus chinensis is 71.0%, the average number of new Leymus chinensis tillers is 10-15, and the average height of the new tillers is 19.3±4.4 cm.

Claims

1. A method for rapid recovery of top vegetation in saline-alkali soil by treating the saline-alkali soil in situ with Leymus chinensis, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, investigating the background value of the research area; The research area comprises grass patches and alkali patches; the background value investigation of the research area is specifically: using a method combining multi-spectral unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing and ground investigation, obtaining the background value investigation result of the research area; the background value of the research area comprises vegetation composition, coverage, Leymus chinensis patch area, alkali patch area, soil PH, conductivity and alkalization degree; by analyzing the background value investigation result of the research area, the difference of the degree of salinization of the research area is obtained; S2, spraying the alkali patch with an improvement agent; The improvement agent is No. 3 alkali removal agent; according to the difference of the degree of salinization of the research area, the dosage of the improvement agent to be sprayed is determined; the improvement agent spraying is specifically: using a throwing machine to spray the improvement agent on the alkali patch according to a linear driving route; S3, land preparation of the alkali patch, to obtain the land to be transplanted; The land preparation of the alkali patch is specifically: using mechanical farm tools to perform deep loosening and rotary tillage on the land after spraying the improvement agent, to obtain the flat land; using farm tools with adjustable plow spacing and depth, setting the spacing of each ridge as 60-65 cm, performing linear ridging on the flat land, to obtain the land to be transplanted; S4, cutting roots and taking seedlings of the Leymus chinensis patch, to obtain the Leymus chinensis seedlings; The cutting root and taking seedling are specifically: linear "cross" cutting root and taking seedling of the Leymus chinensis patch; the linear "cross" cutting root is specifically: using a share-type ditching tool to cut the Leymus chinensis patch along the longest direction of the Leymus chinensis patch first, and then continue to cut in the direction perpendicular to the above direction, the cutting spacing in the same direction is 45-60 cm, until there is no Leymus chinensis patch with the cutting spacing in the same direction greater than 60 cm in the Leymus chinensis patch, the cutting is completed; the removed Leymus chinensis plants together with the soil clumps are cut into plant clumps with a diameter of 7-12 cm using a cutter, to obtain the Leymus chinensis seedlings; S5, transplanting the Leymus chinensis seedlings to the land to be transplanted; S6, drip irrigation for the improved alkali patch; S7, conventional management of the improved alkali patch.

2. The method for rapid recovery of top vegetation in the alkali spot treated in situ with Leymus chinensis grass spot according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Leymus chinensis seedlings are transplanted to the ridge of the land to be transplanted according to the plant spacing of 60-80 cm, and the soil is covered and compacted, to obtain the improved alkali patch.

3. The method for rapid recovery of top vegetation in the alkali spot treated in situ with Leymus chinensis grass spot according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drip irrigation is specifically: immediately laying drip irrigation pipelines on the improved alkali patch after transplanting the Leymus chinensis seedlings and irrigating in time, until the transplanted Leymus chinensis seedlings are acclimated.

4. The method for rapid recovery of top vegetation in the alkali spot treated in situ with Leymus chinensis grass spot according to claim 3, characterized in that, The conventional management is specifically: regularly watering and removing weeds.

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