Green prevention and control method for monochamus alternatus hope by comprehensively utilizing multiple natural enemies

Abstract

The invention relates to a green control method for monochamus alternatus hope by comprehensively utilizing multiple natural enemies. Inducing wood is manually arranged to induce monochamus alternatus hope adults to lay eggs in a concentrated mode, and multiple natural enemies are released in the larval stage and the pupal stage of the monochamus alternatus hope to implement combined prevention and control. Specifically, the scleroderma guani of the monochamus alternatus hope is released in the 1-2-instar larva stage of the monochamus alternatus hope, the callocerus medialis is released in the 3-4-instar larva stage of the monochamus alternatus hope, the dastarcus helophoroides is released in the mature larva and pupal stage of the monochamus alternatus hope, and the population density of the monochamus alternatus hope can be systematically and continuously reduced. According to the method, various natural enemies are comprehensively combined, so that a wider life cycle of the monochamus alternatus hope is covered, a better prevention and treatment effect on the monochamus alternatus hope is achieved, meanwhile, the use of chemical pesticides can be reduced, and the biological diversity is protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of pest control, specifically to the use of natural enemy insects to control pine brown beetles, and more specifically to a green control method for pine brown beetles by comprehensively utilizing multiple natural enemies. Background Art

[0002] The pine beetle is an important pest that harms pine plants. Its main characteristic is that it eats the phloem and xylem of pine trees in the larval stage, seriously damaging the tree's nutrition and water conduction functions, causing weakness and, in severe cases, death of the pine trees. In addition, the pine beetle is also the main vector of pine wood nematode disease in my country. Controlling the pine beetle is not only a need to control its own damage to pine forests, but also an important part of the comprehensive prevention and control of pine wood nematode disease.

[0003] At present, the prevention and control of pine beetles mainly includes chemical control and biological control. Although chemical control can reduce the number of pine beetles in a timely manner, it also has significant disadvantages and shortcomings. First, the use of chemical agents can easily kill non-target organisms, destroy biodiversity, and pollute the environment. Secondly, the frequent use of chemical agents can easily lead to drug resistance, reduce the control effect, and their effective period is insufficient.

[0004] The use of natural enemies to implement biological control of pine beetles has the advantages of strong specificity, no pollution to the environment, and is beneficial to the protection of biodiversity. This technology has irreplaceable application value, especially in some key water sources and core ecological function areas. The biological control of pine beetles currently relies mainly on the introduction and release of specific natural enemy insects. This method usually only focuses on the application of a single type of natural enemy resources. They can usually only control pine beetles in a certain insect state or stage, and cannot target the wider life cycle of pine beetles. It is difficult to form a systematic control system, and the control effect is not sustainable. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a comprehensive and reasonable biological control technology based on the combination of multiple natural enemies targeting different insect stages of pine beetles, so as to cover the wider life history of the juvenile stage of pine beetles, achieve better control effects, and maintain the health of pine forests. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention proposes a green control method for all generations of pine beetles. The technology artificially sets up bait trees to attract pine beetle adults to lay eggs in a concentrated manner, and releases natural enemy insects that specifically target pine beetles during different developmental stages of pine beetles, so as to achieve systematic and continuous prevention and control of pine beetles. This method not only reduces the dependence on chemical agents, but also effectively improves the comprehensive effect of biological control of pine beetles, thereby ensuring the health of pine forests. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions.

[0006] The present invention proposes a green control method for all generations of pine brown beetles, which aims to form a systematic prevention and control of pine brown beetles through the comprehensive use of decoy wood and three natural enemy insects targeting different developmental stages of pine brown beetles, thereby effectively reducing its harm to pine trees and preventing the spread of pine wood nematode disease.

[0007] The method comprises the following implementation steps:

[0008] (1) Making bait wood before the adult Monochamus alternatus emerges;

[0009] (2) Release the pine beetle Sclerodermus alternatusi during the 1st to 2nd instar larvae;

[0010] (3) Release Cyanopterus ninghais during the 3rd to 4th instar larvae of Monochamus alternatus;

[0011] (4) Release Dastarcus helophoroides during the mature larvae and pupae of Monochamus alternatus.

[0012] In one embodiment, in step (1), the best time to set the bait trees is 60 days before the emergence of Monochamus alternatus adults. The optimal number of bait trees to be set is 10 to 20 plants / hm2. 2 , preferably 15 plants / hm 2 .

[0013] Furthermore, in the step (1), the attractant tree should be a pine tree with a breast diameter of 7 to 15 cm, and 4 to 5 grooves should be cut obliquely from 4 different directions at the trunk 30 to 50 cm above the base of the tree. The direction of the grooves is at an angle of about 45° with the trunk, and the grooves penetrate into the wood by about 2 cm. When the adult pine beetle begins to emerge, the pine beetle attractant is injected into the groove at a dose of about 1.5 times the breast diameter of the attractant tree, and the unit of measurement is milliliter. Among them, the pine beetle attractant is known without special restrictions, for example, the APF-1 pine beetle attractant can be purchased from Fujian Chenkang Agriculture and Forestry Technology Co., Ltd.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (2), the specific operation steps are to release the pine beetle scleroderma at the 1st to 2nd instar larval stage, and directly release the female adults of the pine beetle scleroderma evenly in the pine forest, but it should be ensured that a release point is set on the bait tree, and the release amount should be maintained at 30,000 to 50,000 heads / hm2. 2 , preferably 40,000 heads / hm 2 .

[0015] In a specific embodiment, in step (3), the specific operation steps are to release the pine beetle's 3rd to 4th instar larvae, and directly release the female adults of the pine beetle's ridge braconid wasp evenly in the pine forest, but it should be ensured that a release point is set on the bait tree, and the release amount should be maintained at 5000 to 8000 heads / hm2. 2 , preferably 6000 heads / hm 2 Furthermore, the first release of the pine beetle Scleroderma should generally be 20 to 30 days after the first release of the pine beetle Scleroderma, preferably 25 days.

[0016] In a specific embodiment, in step (4), the specific operation step is to evenly release the adult flower beetles in the forest during the mature larvae and pupae of Monochamus alternatus, and the release amount should be maintained at 3000 to 5000 heads / hm2. 2 , preferably 4000 heads / hm 2 At the same time, the bait trees should be felled and the eggs of the flower beetle should be released directly on the tree trunks. The release amount should be maintained at 300-500 eggs per plant, preferably 400 eggs per plant.

[0017] The present invention takes into account the specific characteristics of the long development period of the larval and pupal stages of the Monochamus alternatus and the huge difference in individual size, and innovatively proposes the idea of ​​selecting and applying specific targets at different developmental stages to implement prevention and control of the natural enemies of the Monochamus alternatus during this period. Under the guidance of this idea, the present invention further studies and clarifies the use of the Swelllegged Wasp of the Monochamus alternatus when the Monochamus alternatus is in the young larvae of 1 to 2 years old. This natural enemy has a good parasitic effect on the smaller larvae of the Monochamus alternatus; the use of the Centrocera braconidae of the Monochamus alternatus when the Monochamus alternatus is in the middle-aged larvae of 3 to 4 years old. This natural enemy has a strong preference for parasitic habits on the larvae of the Monochamus alternatus during this period and is most suitable for the prevention and control of the Monochamus alternatus during this period; the use of the Flower Velvet Parasitoids in the mature larvae and pupal stages of the Monochamus alternatus, because the activity of the Monochamus alternatus during this period is weakened and it is deep in the xylem of the pine trees, so the Flower Velvet Parasitoids have a better parasitic effect. At the same time, the method proposed in the present invention of making pine baits to attract adult pine beetles to lay eggs in a concentrated manner can, firstly, reduce the free diffusion and laying of eggs by adult pine beetles in the forest after emergence, which may cause greater infection; secondly, when releasing natural enemies, they can be directly applied on the baits, so that these pine beetles concentrated on the baits can be used as resources for expanding the natural enemy population, increasing the number of natural enemies in the pine forest in a short period of time, and suppressing the pine beetle population at a lower level for a long time, thereby achieving a more sustained prevention effect on the pine beetle. Through the above ideas and methods, the present invention can achieve precise prevention and control of the entire larval and pupal stages of the pine beetle, not only avoiding the negative environmental effects caused by the use of chemical pesticides to control the pine beetle, but also increasing the number of natural enemies in the ecosystem, which is conducive to maintaining the balance between natural enemies and pests, and improving the self-regulation ability of the forest ecosystem. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Example 1: Specific implementation in Yinghu Town, Hanbin District, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province. Four standard plots were set up in a Masson pine forest infested by Monochamus alternatus, each with an area of ​​0.5 hm 2 , with an interval of more than 500m. The standard plots were set up as control area 1 (setting up bait trees + using pine beetle scleroderma, pine beetle midrib braconid and flower beetle), control area 2 (setting up bait trees + only releasing flower beetle), control area 3 (setting up bait trees + only releasing pine beetle scleroderma) and control area 1 (only cleaning up the dead pine trees in the standard plot), of which control areas 1 to 3 also cleaned up the dead pine trees before setting up bait trees. The specific measures and steps implemented in each control area are as follows:

[0019] After clearing the dead pine trees in the standard plot by the end of February, control area 1 implemented the following measures: (1) Make bait trees before the adult pine beetles emerge. Specifically, in early March, select 8 Masson pine trees with a breast diameter of 10±2 cm in the standard plot, and cut four grooves at an angle of about 45° to the trunk from four different directions 40 cm above the base of the tree. The grooves penetrate about 2 cm into the wood. In mid-May, inject pine beetle attractant (APF-1 type, Fujian Chenkang Agriculture and Forestry Technology Co., Ltd.) into the grooves at a dosage of 15 ml per bait tree. (2) Release pine beetle scleroderma during the 1st to 2nd instar larvae of pine beetles. Specifically, release 20,000 female pine beetles evenly in the standard plot in mid-June, with 200 of them released on each bait tree. (3) Release the pine beetle's 3rd to 4th instar larvae. Specifically, release 3,000 female pine beetles evenly in the standard plot in mid-July, with 30 being released on each bait tree. (4) Release the flower beetle's mature larvae and pupae. Specifically, release 2,000 adult flower beetles evenly in the standard plot in late March of the following year, and release 400 eggs of the flower beetle on each bait tree after felling the bait tree.

[0020] After clearing the dead pine trees in the standard plot by the end of February, control area 2 implemented the following measures: (1) Make bait trees before the adult pine beetles emerge. Specifically, in early March, select 8 Masson pine trees with a breast diameter of 10±2 cm in the standard plot, and cut four grooves at an angle of about 45° to the trunk from four different directions 40 cm above the base of the tree. The grooves penetrate about 2 cm into the wood. In mid-May, inject pine beetle attractant (APF-1 type, Fujian Chenkang Agriculture and Forestry Technology Co., Ltd.) into the grooves at a dosage of 15 ml per bait tree. (2) Release flower beetles during the mature larvae and pupae stage of pine beetles. Specifically, release 2,000 adult flower beetles evenly in the standard plot in late March of the following year, and release 400 flower beetle eggs on each bait tree after felling the bait trees.

[0021] After clearing the dead pine trees in the standard plot by the end of February, control area 3 implemented the following measures: (1) Make bait trees before the adult pine beetles emerge. Specifically, in early March, select 8 Masson pine trees with a breast diameter of 10±2 cm in the standard plot, and cut 4 grooves at an angle of about 45° to the trunk from 4 different directions 40 cm above the base of the tree. The grooves penetrate about 2 cm into the wood. In mid-May, inject pine beetle attractant (APF-1 type, Fujian Chenkang Agriculture and Forestry Technology Co., Ltd.) into the grooves at a dosage of 15 ml per bait tree. (2) Release pine beetle scleroderma during the 1st to 2nd instar larvae of pine beetles. Specifically, release 20,000 female pine beetles evenly in the standard plot in mid-June, with 200 of them released on each bait tree.

[0022] Control area 1: Clean up all dead pine trees in the standard area before the end of February, and do not take other prevention and control measures.

[0023] Evaluation of control effect: Before implementing control, when clearing dead trees, randomly select 3 Masson pine trees infested by pine beetles in the standard plot, fell them and dissect them, count the surviving pine beetles on the sample trees, and calculate the insect population density before control. When the pine beetles enter the wintering period in November of the following year, use the same sampling method to count the surviving pine beetles on the sample trees, and calculate the insect population density after control. The control area uses the same method to calculate the insect population density. The specific control effect evaluation method and results are as follows:

[0024] ①Insect population density (heads / tree) = total number of Monochamus alternatus found in dissection / number of sample trees

[0025] ② Pest reduction rate (%) = (pest density before control - insect density after control) / insect density before control × 100

[0026] ③ Control effect (%) = (insecticidal population reduction rate in the control area - insecticidal population reduction rate in the control area) / (1 - insecticidal population reduction rate in the control area) × 100 Table 1 Control effect of Monochamus alternatus in Yinghu Town, Hanbin District, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province

[0027]

[0028] Based on the above results, it can be seen that the insect population density of each standard plot was roughly the same before control, but there were significant differences in the insect population density after control. In the control area 3, only the natural enemy Scleroderma pineensis, which was targeted at the 1st to 2nd instar larvae of pine beetles, was released. The insect population reduction rate after control was 30.88%, and the control effect after correction was 26.88% compared with the control area. In the control area 2, only the natural enemy Folium floridum, which was targeted at the mature larvae and pupae of pine beetles, was released. The insect population reduction rate after control was 47.27%, and the control effect was 43.62%. In the control area 1, the natural enemy Scleroderma pineensis, which was targeted at the 1st to 2nd instar larvae of pine beetles, the natural enemy Centrocera pineensis, which was targeted at the 3rd to 4th instar larvae, and the natural enemy Folium floridum, which was targeted at the mature larvae and pupae, was used in combination. The insect population reduction rate after control reached 82.26%, and the control effect was 81.23%, which was significantly better than other control areas. This shows that by combining three natural enemy insects targeting different developmental stages of pine beetles and releasing them in the wild according to the specific prevention and control timing of various natural enemies, better control effects on pine beetles can be achieved.

[0029] Embodiment 2:

[0030] It was implemented in Longkeng Town, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. Four standard plots were set up in the Masson pine forest infected by Monochamus alternatus, each with an area of ​​0.5 hm 2 , with an interval of more than 500m. The standard plots were set up as control area 1 (setting up bait trees + using Monochamus alternatus, Monochamus alternatus and flower parasitoids), control area 2 (setting up bait trees + releasing flower parasitoids only), control area 3 (setting up bait trees + releasing Monochamus alternatus only) and control area 1 (only cleaning up the dead pine trees in the standard plots). Control areas 1 to 3 also cleaned up the dead pine trees before setting up bait trees. The specific measures and steps implemented in each control area are as follows:

[0031] After clearing the dead pine trees in the standard plot by the end of February, control area 1 implemented the following measures: (1) Make bait trees before the adult pine beetles emerge. Specifically, in early March, select 8 Masson pine trees with a breast diameter of 12±2 cm in the standard plot, and cut four grooves at an angle of about 45° to the trunk from four different directions 40 cm above the base of the tree. The grooves penetrate about 2 cm into the wood. In early May, inject 18 ml of pine beetle attractant (APF-1, Fujian Chenkang Agriculture and Forestry Technology Co., Ltd.) into the grooves. (2) Release pine beetle scleroderma during the 1st to 2nd instar larvae of pine beetles. Specifically, release 20,000 female pine beetles evenly in the standard plot in early June, with 200 of them released on each bait tree. (3) Release the pine beetle's 3rd to 4th instar larvae. Specifically, release 3,000 female pine beetles evenly in the standard plot in early July, with 30 of them released on each bait tree. (4) Release the flower beetle's mature larvae and pupae. Specifically, release 2,000 adult flower beetles evenly in the standard plot in late March of the following year, and release 400 eggs of the flower beetle on each bait tree after felling the bait tree.

[0032] After clearing the dead pine trees in the standard plot by the end of February, control area 2 implemented the following measures: (1) Make bait trees before the adult pine beetles emerge. Specifically, in early March, select 8 Masson pine trees with a breast diameter of 12±2 cm in the standard plot, and cut 4 grooves at an angle of about 45° to the trunk from 4 different directions 40 cm above the base of the tree. The grooves penetrate about 2 cm into the wood. In early May, inject pine beetle attractant (APF-1 type, Fujian Chenkang Agriculture and Forestry Technology Co., Ltd.) into the grooves at a dosage of 18 ml per bait tree. (2) Release flower beetles during the mature larvae and pupae stage of pine beetles. Specifically, release 2,000 adult flower beetles evenly in the standard plot in late March of the following year, and release 400 flower beetle eggs on each bait tree after felling the bait trees.

[0033] After clearing the dead pine trees in the standard plot by the end of February, control area 3 implemented the following measures: (1) Make bait trees before the adult pine beetles emerge. Specifically, in early March, select 8 Masson pine trees with a breast diameter of 12±2 cm in the standard plot, and cut 4 grooves at an angle of about 45° to the trunk from 4 different directions 40 cm above the base of the tree. The grooves penetrate about 2 cm into the wood. In early May, inject pine beetle attractant (APF-1 type, Fujian Chenkang Agriculture and Forestry Technology Co., Ltd.) into the grooves at a dosage of 18 ml per bait tree. (2) Release the pine beetle midrib braconid wasp when the pine beetle is in the 3rd to 4th instar larvae. Specifically, release 3,000 female pine beetles midrib braconid wasp in the standard plot in early July, with 30 being released on each bait tree.

[0034] Control area 1: Clean up all dead pine trees in the standard area before the end of February, and do not take other prevention and control measures.

[0035] The control effect evaluation method is the same as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0036] Table 2 Control effect of Monochamus alternatus in Longkeng Town, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province

[0037]

[0038] Based on the above results, it can be seen that the insect population density of each standard plot was roughly the same before control, but there were significant differences in the insect population density after control. In the control area 3, only the natural enemy of pine beetle, the pine beetle, was released to control the 3rd to 4th instar larvae. The insect population reduction rate after control was 44.51%, and the control effect was 37.22%. In the control area 2, only the natural enemy, the flower beetle, was released to control the mature larvae and pupae of pine beetle. The insect population reduction rate after control was 51.60%, and the control effect was 45.25%. In the control area 1, where the three natural enemies were used together, the insect population reduction rate after control reached 90.82%, and the control effect was 89.67%, which was significantly better than other control areas. This shows that the combination of pine beetle scleroderma, pine beetle scleroderma and flower beetle for pine beetle control can achieve better control effect.

[0039] The above two specific implementation plans were carried out in two different provinces. Each test site had unique geographical and climatic conditions. However, after the control of pine brown beetles was implemented based on the technology proposed in the present invention, more than 80% of the control effects on pine brown beetles were achieved, indicating that the content of the present invention also has the advantages of wide applicability and is not restricted by geographical environment.

Claims

1. A green control method for Monochamus alternatus, characterized in that: By setting up bait trees to attract adult pine beetles to lay eggs in a concentrated manner, and releasing a variety of natural enemy insects in a targeted manner at different developmental stages of pine beetles, natural enemies can cover a wider life cycle of pine beetles and achieve continuous prevention and control; The method comprises the following steps: (1) Make bait trees before the adult Monochamus alternatus emerges; (2) Release the pine beetle scleroderma during the 1st to 2nd instar larvae. Sclerodermus alternatusi ); (3) Release the pine beetle's 3rd to 4th instar larvae. Cyanopterus ninghais ); (4) Release flower beetles during the mature larvae and pupae of Monochamus alternatus ( Dastarcushelophoroides ).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step (1), the time for setting the bait trees is 60 days before the emergence of the adult Monochamus alternatus; the number of bait trees set is 10 to 20 / hm2 2 , preferably 15 plants / hm 2 .

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step (1), the selected bait tree is preferably a pine tree with a breast diameter of 7 to 15 cm, and 4 to 5 grooves are cut obliquely from 4 different directions at a position 30 to 50 cm above the base of the tree, with the direction of the grooves forming an angle of 40 to 50° with the trunk, and the grooves penetrate 1 to 3 cm into the wood.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that When the adult pine beetle begins to emerge, inject the pine beetle attractant into the knife groove at a dosage of 1-2 times the breast diameter of the attractant tree in milliliters. The unit of measurement is milliliters.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the specific operation steps are to release the pine beetle scleroderma at the 1st to 2nd instar larval stage, directly release the female adult pine beetle scleroderma evenly in the pine forest, ensure that a release point is set on the bait tree, and the release amount is 30,000 to 50,000 heads / hm2 2 , preferably 40,000 heads / hm 2 .

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (3), the specific operation steps are to release the pine beetle's 3rd to 4th instar larvae, and directly release the female adults of the pine beetle's ridge braconid wasp evenly in the pine forest, ensuring that a release point is set on the bait tree, and the release amount is 5000 to 8000 heads / hm2. 2 , preferably 6000 heads / hm 2 .

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The first release time of the pine beetle's Centrospinus ridgeis is 20 to 30 days after the first release of the pine beetle's Scleroderma, preferably 25 days.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (4), the specific operation steps are to evenly release the adult beetles of the flower beetle in the forest during the mature larvae and pupae stage of the pine beetle, with the release amount being 3000 to 5000 heads / hm2. 2 , preferably 4000 heads / hm 2 .

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that When releasing the flower beetle, the attractant tree should be felled at the same time, and the flower beetle eggs should be released directly on the tree trunk. The release amount should be 300 to 500 eggs per plant, preferably 400 eggs per plant.

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