Manufacturing device and manufacturing method for rock mass roadway models with different sections

Abstract

The invention discloses a manufacturing device and method for rock mass roadway models with different sections, and relates to the technical field of rock mass roadway model molds. The device comprises a bottom plate, a side mold box mechanism is detachably arranged on the bottom plate, a connecting mechanism used in cooperation with the bottom plate is arranged on the side mold box mechanism, and a roadway mold mechanism is detachably arranged in the middle of the bottom plate; through the arrangement and use of the connecting mechanism, the first side template and the second side template can be conveniently, rapidly and stably connected, the first side template and the second side template can be synchronously and stably installed on the bottom plate while being connected, in addition, later-stage disassembly is facilitated, and therefore convenient disassembly and assembly of the different-section rock mass roadway model manufacturing device are achieved, and the manufacturing efficiency of the different-section rock mass roadway model manufacturing device is improved. And convenient disassembly and assembly of the side mold box mechanism are achieved, then the damaged part can be conveniently replaced when the side mold box mechanism is damaged, overall replacement is not needed, and compared with a traditional integrated structure, the side mold box mechanism effectively saves resources and use cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass tunnel model moulds, in particular to a device and a method for manufacturing rock mass tunnel models with different cross sections. Background Art

[0002] In the current experimental research, the discussion on the true triaxial mechanical properties of the whole specimen has been relatively sufficient, but in comparison, the research on the failure characteristics of the tunnel under triaxial stress conditions is relatively scarce. It is particularly noteworthy that under the action of deep high stress, the surrounding rock of the tunnel frequently suffers from spalling and failure, which not only poses a severe challenge to the tunnel support structure, but also seriously threatens the safety of underground construction and the stable operation of equipment. Therefore, it is particularly urgent and important to deeply study the overall deformation and failure characteristics of the tunnel.

[0003] However, in the process of making the tunnel model, the side mold box in the traditional tunnel mold device is an integrated structure, which causes part of it to be damaged and needs to be replaced as a whole, thereby increasing the cost of use and wasting resources. In addition, most traditional tunnel mold devices can only produce rock tunnel models of a single shape.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the inventors proposed a device for making rock tunnel models with different cross sections to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem that the side mold box in the traditional tunnel mold device is an integrated structure, which causes part of it to be damaged and needs to be replaced as a whole, and can only produce rock tunnel models of a single shape; the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for producing rock tunnel models with different cross-sections.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a device for making rock tunnel models with different cross sections, comprising a bottom plate, a side mold box mechanism detachably provided on the bottom plate, and a connecting mechanism used in conjunction with the bottom plate is provided on the side mold box mechanism, a tunnel mold mechanism detachably provided in the middle of the bottom plate, and a limiting mechanism used in conjunction with the tunnel mold mechanism is provided on the bottom plate;

[0007] The side mold box mechanism includes a side mold plate 1 and a side mold plate 2, and both the side mold plate 1 and the side mold plate 2 can be detachably connected to the bottom plate, the connecting mechanism includes an L-shaped plate, a connecting rod and an insertion rod, the L-shaped plate is fixedly installed at both ends of the side mold plate 2, and a connecting hole is penetrated on the L-shaped plate, both ends of the side mold plate 1 are provided with an L-shaped groove, and the L-shaped plate can be slidably inserted in the L-shaped groove, the outer diameter of the L-shaped plate is the same as the inner diameter of the L-shaped groove, the connecting rod is slidably inserted at both ends of the side mold plate 1, and the connecting rod can be slidably inserted in the connecting hole, the end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to a handwheel, and a spring is fixedly installed on one side of the handwheel, the handwheel is provided with a groove for matching use, and the groove is symmetrical in structure, the spring is movably sleeved on the connecting rod, and the end of the spring is fixedly connected to the side mold plate 1, the insertion rod is fixedly installed in the middle of the lower end of one side of the side mold plate 1, and sockets are provided on both sides of the bottom plate, and the insertion rod can be slidably inserted in the sockets.

[0008] Preferably, the limiting mechanism includes a guide block and an insert block, the guide block is fixedly connected to the middle part of the top end of the base plate, the insert block can be slidably inserted on the base plate, and a screw is fixedly inserted on the insert block, the screw can movably pass through the guide block, and a nut is threadedly sleeved on the screw, the lane mold mechanism includes lane mold one, lane mold two, lane mold three and lane mold four, and lane mold one, lane mold two, lane mold three and lane mold four are all penetrated with guide grooves and through holes for matching use, the guide groove can be slidably sleeved on the guide block, the screw can movably pass through the through hole, a slot is provided in the middle part of the bottom end of the base plate, and the insert block can be slidably inserted in the slot, the outer diameter of the insert block is the same as the inner diameter of the slot and the outer diameter of the guide block is the same as the inner diameter of the guide groove, a through hole connected to the slot is penetrated in the middle of the base plate and the guide block, and the screw can movably pass through the through hole.

[0009] A method for using a device for making rock tunnel models with different cross sections comprises the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Hold the two side templates one by one and fully insert the corresponding insertion rods into the corresponding insertion holes on the bottom plate;

[0011] Step 2: Then hold the two side templates 2 in turn and insert the L-shaped plates at both ends into the L-shaped grooves on both sides of the corresponding sides;

[0012] Step three, pull the two hand wheels on the corresponding sides in turn to move backwards, so as to drive the corresponding two connecting rods to move backwards and stretch the corresponding two springs, and stop pulling the hand wheels when the distance between the two corresponding hand wheels moves to the maximum and continue to push down the corresponding side template 2 until the corresponding L-shaped plate on the corresponding side template 2 is fully inserted into the corresponding L-shaped groove, and the bottom end of the corresponding side template 2 is tightly fitted with the bottom plate, then release the corresponding two hand wheels, at which time the spring will drive the corresponding hand wheel and the connecting rod to reset, so that the connecting rod can be inserted into the corresponding connecting hole, thereby realizing a convenient and stable connection between the side mold box mechanism and the bottom plate;

[0013] Step 4: Pass the screw through the hole and insert the insert block completely into the slot, then sequentially set the lane mold 1, lane mold 2, lane mold 3 and lane mold 4 on the screw and insert the guide block completely into the corresponding guide groove, and then fix it with a nut;

[0014] Step 5: After the tunnel mold 1, the tunnel mold 2, the tunnel mold 3 and the tunnel mold 4 are fixed respectively, the model material needs to be poured into the assembled molds, and the pouring needs to be performed along the convex part of the joint to ensure the integrity of the joint part of the sample;

[0015] Step six, fully vibrate the model material in the mold to avoid the appearance of pores in the model material, thereby ensuring the integrity of the sample. After the tunnel model is solidified, remove the mold in the reverse order of mold installation, and the formed tunnel model sample can be quickly and easily removed.

[0016] Preferably, in step five, the model materials include, by mass, 40-60 parts of gypsum, 40-60 parts of cement, and 40-60 parts of quartz sand.

[0017] Preferably, in step three, after achieving convenient and stable connection between the side mold box mechanism and the bottom plate, a self-cleaning paint is sprayed onto the inner wall of the side mold box mechanism to form a self-cleaning coating.

[0018] Preferably, the self-cleaning coating is sprayed onto the inner wall of the side mold box mechanism, cured at 70-90° C. for 1-3 hours, placed in water at a temperature of 50-70° C. for ultrasonic treatment for 10-30 hours, and dried to form a self-cleaning coating.

[0019] More preferably, the frequency of ultrasound in water is 2-5 kHz.

[0020] More preferably, the drying temperature is 90-100°C.

[0021] Preferably, the raw materials of the self-cleaning coating include, by mass: 40-50 parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin, 1-5 parts of polyperfluoroethylene propylene, 1-5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 1-5 parts of silica sol, 5-10 parts of polystyrene microspheres, 1-2 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 1-2 parts of curing agent, 1-2 parts of auxiliary agent, and 20-30 parts of toluene.

[0022] Preferably, the curing agent is polyamide and the auxiliary agent is graphene oxide.

[0023] Preferably, the particle size of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres is 50-200 μm; the particle size of the polystyrene microspheres is 1-10 μm; and the particle size of the nano-silicon dioxide is 10-200 nm.

[0024] Preferably, the self-cleaning coating is prepared by the following steps: adding silica sol to water and stirring evenly, adjusting the pH value of the system to 9-10, adding polystyrene microspheres thereto, ultrasonically treating for 1-2 hours, filtering, washing, and vacuum drying to obtain composite microspheres, and then adding the remaining raw materials and mixing evenly.

[0025] Preferably, the self-cleaning coating has a static water contact angle of 162-175° and a sliding angle of 2-6°.

[0026] The self-cleaning coating obtained by the present invention not only has good super-hydrophobicity, wear resistance and adhesion, but also the obtained composite microspheres are matched with nano-silicon dioxide and polyvinyl alcohol microspheres. The polyvinyl alcohol microspheres are dissolved by hot water treatment, so that the obtained coating has good self-cleaning effect. At the same time, the rigid rough surface can also protect the super-hydrophobic nano coating from being destroyed, and the stability is extremely high and the wear resistance is excellent.

[0027] The present invention not only effectively enhances the wear resistance of the coating and saves costs, but also maintains excellent self-cleaning performance even after multiple demolding processes of the model material. It is found through experiments that the self-cleaning coating on the inner wall of the side mold box mechanism of the present invention has a static contact angle of water droplets of >150° and a rolling angle of <10° after 100 demolding processes of the model material. The self-cleaning coating obtained by the present invention is placed in an outdoor natural environment for one year, and the coating has no powdering or shedding phenomenon and still has good self-cleaning performance.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. By setting and using the connecting mechanism, the side template 1 and the side template 2 can be conveniently, quickly and stably connected, and the side template 1 and the side template 2 can be synchronously and stably installed on the bottom plate while being connected. In addition, it is convenient to disassemble later, thereby realizing the convenient disassembly and assembly of the rock tunnel model making device with different cross sections, and realizing the convenient disassembly and assembly of the side mold box mechanism, so that when the side mold box mechanism is damaged, the damaged part can be conveniently replaced without replacing the whole. Compared with the traditional integrated structure, this application effectively saves resources and use costs;

[0030] 2. Through the setting and use of the connecting mechanism, the tunnel mold 1, tunnel mold 2, tunnel mold 3 and tunnel mold 4 can be conveniently, accurately and stably installed on the bottom plate, and are convenient for later removal and replacement, thereby achieving the purpose of making rock tunnel models with different sections.

[0031] 3. The present invention coats the inner wall of the side mold box mechanism with a self-cleaning coating, which not only effectively enhances the demolding effect of the model material, but also makes the demolding process smooth, and further allows for barrier-free and rapid removal of the formed tunnel model specimen. At the same time, it has good wear resistance and excellent super-hydrophobic properties, and still has a good self-cleaning effect after long-term use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection of the side mold box mechanism in the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure in the middle.

[0035] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B in the middle.

[0036] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point C in the middle.

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lane mould mechanism in the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1. bottom plate; 11. socket; 12. slot; 13. perforation; 2. side mold box mechanism; 21. side mold plate 1; 22. side mold plate 2; 23. L-shaped groove; 3. connecting mechanism; 31. L-shaped plate; 32. connecting rod; 33. insert rod; 34. connecting hole; 35. hand wheel; 36. spring; 37. groove; 4. tunnel mold 1; 5. tunnel mold 2; 6. tunnel mold 3; 7. tunnel mold 4; 8. limiting mechanism; 81. guide block; 82. insert block; 83. screw; 84. nut; 9. guide groove; 91. through hole.

[0039] Figure 7 It is a comparison chart of the contact angle and rolling angle of the side mold box mechanism surface coated with a self-cleaning coating obtained in Example 4 and Comparative Examples 1-2.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a comparison chart of the contact angle retention rate and the rolling angle change rate of the side mold box mechanism coated with a self-cleaning coating on the surface obtained in Example 4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 after multiple casting and demolding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0042] The manufacturer of the GRG special high-strength gypsum powder used below is: Haibei Materials Company.

[0043] The manufacturer of the 525 cement powder used below is: Zhucheng Yangchun Cement Co., Ltd.

[0044] The quartz sand used below has a mesh size of 100 and is produced by Henan Yixinglong Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the present invention provides a device for making rock tunnel models with different cross sections, comprising a bottom plate 1, a side mold box mechanism 2 is detachably provided on the bottom plate 1, and a connecting mechanism 3 used in conjunction with the bottom plate 1 is provided on the side mold box mechanism 2, a tunnel mold mechanism is detachably provided in the middle of the bottom plate 1, and a limiting mechanism 8 used in conjunction with the tunnel mold mechanism is provided on the bottom plate 1;

[0047] The side mold box mechanism 2 includes a side mold plate 1 21 and a side mold plate 22, and the side mold plate 1 21 and the side mold plate 22 can be detachably connected to the bottom plate 1, and the connecting mechanism 3 includes an L-shaped plate 31, a connecting rod 32 and an insertion rod 33. The L-shaped plate 31 is fixedly installed at both ends of the side mold plate 22, and a connecting hole 34 is penetrated on the L-shaped plate 31. Both ends of the side mold plate 1 21 are provided with an L-shaped groove 23, and the L-shaped plate 31 can be slidably inserted in the L-shaped groove 23. The outer diameter of the L-shaped plate 31 is the same as the inner diameter of the L-shaped groove 23, thereby ensuring the plug-in stability of the side mold plate 1 21 and the side mold plate 22. The connecting rod 32 is slidably inserted in the side mold The two ends of the plate 21, and the connecting rod 32 can be slidably inserted in the connecting hole 34, the end of the connecting rod 32 is fixedly connected to the handwheel 35, and a spring 36 is fixedly installed on one side of the handwheel 35, and a groove 37 for matching use is opened on the handwheel 35, and the groove 37 has a symmetrical structure. The setting and use of the groove 37 provides convenience for the convenient operation of the handwheel 35, the spring 36 is movably sleeved on the connecting rod 32, and the end of the spring 36 is fixedly connected to the side template 21, the insertion rod 33 is fixedly installed in the middle of the lower end of one side of the side template 21, and the two sides of the bottom plate 1 are provided with holes 11, and the insertion rod 33 can be slidably inserted in the holes 11.

[0048] By adopting the above technical scheme, the two side templates 1 21 are held in turn and the corresponding insertion rods 33 are fully inserted into the corresponding insertion holes 11 on the base plate 1, and then the two side templates 22 are held in turn and the L-shaped plates 31 at both ends are inserted into the L-shaped grooves 23 on both sides of the corresponding sides, and the two hand wheels 35 on the corresponding sides are pulled in turn to move backwards, thereby driving the corresponding two connecting rods 32 to move backwards and stretching the corresponding two springs 36, and when the spacing between the corresponding two hand wheels 35 moves to the maximum, the hand wheels 35 are stopped from being pulled and the corresponding side template 2 22 is continued to be pushed down until the corresponding L-shaped plate 31 on the corresponding side template 22 is fully inserted into the corresponding L-shaped groove 23, and the corresponding two hand wheels 35 are released when the bottom end of the corresponding side template 22 is tightly fitted with the base plate 1, at this time, the spring 36 will drive the corresponding hand wheel 35 and the connecting rod 32 to reset, so that the connecting rod 32 can be inserted into the corresponding connecting hole 34, thereby realizing a convenient and stable connection between the side mold box mechanism 2 and the base plate 1.

[0049] The limiting mechanism 8 includes a guide block 81 and an insert block 82, the guide block 81 is fixedly connected to the middle of the top of the bottom plate 1, the insert block 82 can be slidably inserted on the bottom plate 1, and a screw 83 is fixedly inserted on the insert block 82, the screw 83 can movably penetrate the guide block 81, and a nut 84 is threadedly sleeved on the screw 83, and the lane mold mechanism includes a lane mold 1 4, a lane mold 2 5, a lane mold 3 6 and a lane mold 4 7, and the lane mold 1 4, the lane mold 2 5, the lane mold 3 6 and the lane mold 4 7 are all penetrated with a matching The guide groove 9 and the through hole 91 used are such that the guide groove 9 can be slidably sleeved on the guide block 81, and the screw rod 83 can movably penetrate the through hole 91. A slot 12 is provided in the middle of the bottom end of the base plate 1, and the insert block 82 can be slidably inserted in the slot 12. The outer diameter of the insert block 82 is the same as the inner diameter of the slot 12 and the outer diameter of the guide block 81 is the same as the inner diameter of the guide groove 9, thereby ensuring the stability of the insertion point. A through hole 13 connected to the slot 12 is provided in the middle of the base plate 1 and the guide block 81, and the screw rod 83 can movably penetrate the through hole 13.

[0050] By adopting the above technical solution, the screw 83 is passed through the through hole 13 and the insert block 82 is completely inserted into the slot 12. Then, the tunnel mold 1 4, the tunnel mold 2 5, the tunnel mold 3 6 and the tunnel mold 4 7 are successively mounted on the screw 83 and the guide block 81 is completely inserted into the corresponding guide groove 9, and then fixed with the nut 84.

[0051] A method for using a device for making rock tunnel models with different cross sections comprises the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Hold two side templates 21 in turn and fully insert their corresponding insertion rods 33 into the corresponding insertion holes 11 on the bottom plate 1;

[0053] Step 2: Then hold the two side templates 22 in turn and insert the L-shaped plates 31 at both ends into the L-shaped grooves 23 on both sides of the corresponding side;

[0054] Step 3: Pull the two hand wheels 35 on the corresponding sides in turn to move backwards, so as to drive the two corresponding connecting rods 32 to move backwards and stretch the two corresponding springs 36. When the distance between the two corresponding hand wheels 35 is moved to the maximum, stop pulling the hand wheel 35 and continue to push down the corresponding side template 22 until the corresponding L-shaped plate 31 on the corresponding side template 22 is completely inserted into the corresponding L-shaped groove 23, and the bottom end of the corresponding side template 22 is tightly fitted with the bottom plate 1, then release the two corresponding hand wheels 35. At this time, the spring 36 will drive the corresponding hand wheel 35 and the connecting rod 32 to reset, so that the connecting rod 32 can be inserted into the corresponding connecting hole 34, thereby realizing a convenient and stable connection between the side mold box mechanism 2 and the bottom plate 1.

[0055] Step 4: insert the screw 83 through the through hole 13 and completely insert the insert block 82 into the slot 12, then sequentially sleeve the lane mold 1 4, lane mold 2 5, lane mold 3 6 and lane mold 4 7 onto the screw 83 and completely insert the guide block 81 into the corresponding guide groove 9, and then fix it with the nut 84;

[0056] Step 5, after the tunnel mold 1 4, the tunnel mold 2 5, the tunnel mold 3 6 and the tunnel mold 4 7 are fixed respectively, the model material needs to be poured into the assembled molds, and the pouring needs to be performed along the convex part of the joint to ensure the integrity of the joint part of the sample;

[0057] Step six, fully vibrate the model material in the mold to avoid the appearance of pores in the model material, thereby ensuring the integrity of the sample. After the tunnel model is solidified, remove the mold in the reverse order of mold installation, and the formed tunnel model sample can be quickly and easily removed.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] The model materials used in Example 1 include: 4 kg of GRG special high-strength gypsum powder, 4 kg of 525 cement powder, and 4 kg of quartz sand.

[0060] In step three of Example 1, after achieving convenient and stable connection between the side mold box mechanism 2 and the bottom plate 1, a self-cleaning coating is sprayed on the inner wall of the side mold box mechanism 2, cured at 70°C for 1h, placed in water at 50°C for ultrasonic treatment for 10h with an ultrasonic frequency of 2kHz, and dried at 90°C to form a self-cleaning coating.

[0061] Among them, the raw materials of the self-cleaning coating include: 4000g bisphenol A epoxy resin, 100g polyperfluoroethylene propylene, 100g polyvinyl alcohol microspheres with a particle size of 50-200μm, 100g silica sol, 500g polystyrene microspheres with an average particle size of 5μm, 100g nano-silicon dioxide with an average particle size of 100nm, 100g polyamide, 100g graphene oxide, and 2000g toluene.

[0062] The above self-cleaning coating is prepared by the following steps: adding silica sol to 300g of water and stirring evenly, adjusting the pH value of the system to 9 with ammonia water, adding polystyrene microspheres thereto, ultrasonically treating for 1h at an ultrasonic frequency of 5kHz, filtering, washing, and vacuum drying to obtain composite microspheres, and then adding the remaining raw materials and mixing evenly.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] The model materials used in Example 1 include: 6 kg of GRG special high-strength gypsum powder, 6 kg of 525 cement powder, and 6 kg of quartz sand.

[0065] In step three of Example 1, after achieving convenient and stable connection between the side mold box mechanism 2 and the bottom plate 1, a self-cleaning coating is sprayed on the inner wall of the side mold box mechanism 2, cured at 90°C for 3 hours, placed in water at 70°C for ultrasonic treatment for 30 hours with an ultrasonic frequency of 5kHz, and dried at 100°C to form a self-cleaning coating.

[0066] Among them, the raw materials of the self-cleaning coating include: 5000g bisphenol A epoxy resin, 500g polyperfluoroethylene propylene, 500g polyvinyl alcohol microspheres with a particle size of 50-200μm, 500g silica sol, 1000g polystyrene microspheres with an average particle size of 5μm, 200g nano-silicon dioxide with an average particle size of 100nm, 200g polyamide, 200g graphene oxide, and 3000g toluene.

[0067] The above self-cleaning coating is prepared by the following steps: adding silica sol to 500g of water and stirring evenly, adjusting the pH value of the system to 10 with ammonia water, adding polystyrene microspheres thereto, ultrasonically treating for 2h, the ultrasonic frequency is 12kHz, filtering, washing, and vacuum drying to obtain composite microspheres, and then adding the remaining raw materials and mixing evenly.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] The model materials used in Example 1 include: 5 kg of GRG special high-strength gypsum powder, 5 kg of 525 cement powder, and 5 kg of quartz sand.

[0070] In step three of Example 1, after achieving convenient and stable connection between the side mold box mechanism 2 and the bottom plate 1, a self-cleaning coating is sprayed on the inner wall of the side mold box mechanism 2, cured at 80°C for 2h, placed in water at 60°C for ultrasonic treatment for 20h, the ultrasonic frequency is 3kHz, and dried at 96°C to form a self-cleaning coating.

[0071] Among them, the raw materials of the self-cleaning coating include: 4500g bisphenol A epoxy resin, 300g polyperfluoroethylene propylene, 300g polyvinyl alcohol microspheres with a particle size of 50-200μm, 300g silica sol, 800g polystyrene microspheres with an average particle size of 5μm, 120g nano-silicon dioxide with an average particle size of 100nm, 150g polyamide, 150g graphene oxide, and 2400g toluene.

[0072] The above self-cleaning coating is prepared by the following steps: adding silica sol to 400g of water and stirring evenly, adjusting the pH value of the system to 9.5 with ammonia water, adding polystyrene microspheres thereto, ultrasonically treating for 1.5h, the ultrasonic frequency is 9kHz, filtering, washing, and vacuum drying to obtain composite microspheres, and then adding the remaining raw materials and mixing evenly.

[0073] Comparative Example 1

[0074] In step three of Example 1, after achieving convenient and stable connection between the side mold box mechanism 2 and the bottom plate 1, a self-cleaning coating is sprayed on the inner wall of the side mold box mechanism 2, cured at 80°C for 2h, placed in water at 60°C for ultrasonic treatment for 20h, the ultrasonic frequency is 3kHz, and dried at 96°C to form a self-cleaning coating.

[0075] Among them, the raw materials of the self-cleaning coating include: 4500g bisphenol A epoxy resin, 300g polyperfluoroethylene propylene, 300g polyvinyl alcohol, 300g silica sol, 800g polystyrene microspheres with an average particle size of 5μm, 120g nano-silica with an average particle size of 100nm, 150g polyamide, 150g graphene oxide, and 2400g toluene.

[0076] The above self-cleaning coating is prepared by the following steps: adding silica sol to 400g of water and stirring evenly, adjusting the pH value of the system to 9.5 with ammonia water, adding polystyrene microspheres thereto, ultrasonically treating for 1.5h, the ultrasonic frequency is 9kHz, filtering, washing, and vacuum drying to obtain composite microspheres, and then adding the remaining raw materials and mixing evenly.

[0077] Comparative Example 2

[0078] In step three of Example 1, after achieving convenient and stable connection between the side mold box mechanism 2 and the bottom plate 1, a self-cleaning coating is sprayed on the inner wall of the side mold box mechanism 2, cured at 80°C for 2h, placed in water at 60°C for ultrasonic treatment for 20h, the ultrasonic frequency is 3kHz, and dried at 96°C to form a self-cleaning coating.

[0079] Among them, the raw materials of the self-cleaning coating include: 4500g bisphenol A epoxy resin, 300g polyperfluoroethylene propylene, 300g polyvinyl alcohol microspheres with a particle size of 50-200μm, 300g silica sol, 800g polystyrene microspheres with an average particle size of 5μm, 120g nano-silicon dioxide with an average particle size of 100nm, 150g polyamide, 150g graphene oxide, and 2400g toluene.

[0080] The above self-cleaning coating is prepared by the following steps: adding silica sol to 400g of water and stirring evenly, adjusting the pH value of the system to 9.5 with ammonia water, ultrasonic treatment for 1.5h, the ultrasonic frequency is 9kHz, adding polystyrene microspheres thereto and stirring evenly, filtering, washing, vacuum drying to obtain composite microspheres, and then adding the remaining raw materials and mixing evenly.

[0081] The contact angle and rolling angle of the side mold box mechanism coated with the self-cleaning coating on the surface obtained in Example 4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested using a contact angle meter.

[0082] like Figure 7As shown, the static contact angle of the side mold box mechanism with the self-cleaning coating on the surface obtained in Example 4 is the largest, while the rolling angle is the lowest, which is better than that of Comparative Examples 1-2, proving that the hydrophobic performance of the side mold box mechanism with the self-cleaning coating on the surface obtained in Example 4 is the best.

[0083] The tunnel model was made by the method in Example 4 and Comparative Examples 1-2, and then the mold was removed and the tunnel model was made again. After repeating 20 times, the contact angle and rolling angle tests were performed on the surface of each group of side mold box mechanisms again, and the contact angle retention rate and rolling angle change rate were calculated.

[0084] Contact angle retention rate = contact angle after multiple castings and demolding ÷ original contact angle × 100%

[0085] Rolling angle change rate = (rolling angle after multiple castings and demolding - original rolling angle) ÷ original rolling angle × 100%

[0086] like Figure 8 As shown, the static water contact angle of the side mold box mechanism surface used in Example 4 is still greater than 150°, the contact angle retention rate is the highest, while the rolling angle is still less than 5°, and the rolling angle change rate is the smallest, all of which are better than Comparative Examples 1-2 (P < 0.05). That is, the side mold box mechanism used in Example 4 still has super hydrophobic properties after multiple casting and demolding, proving its excellent wear resistance.

[0087] The applicant believes that this is because the self-cleaning coating obtained by the present invention not only has good super-hydrophobicity, wear resistance and adhesion, but also the obtained composite microspheres are combined with nano-silicon dioxide and polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, and the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres are dissolved by hot water treatment, so that the obtained coating has a good self-cleaning effect. At the same time, the rigid rough surface can also protect the super-hydrophobic nano coating from being destroyed, and the stability is extremely high and the wear resistance is excellent.

[0088] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for making models of rock mass tunnels with different cross sections, comprising a bottom plate (1), characterized in that: The bottom plate (1) is detachably provided with a side mold box mechanism (2), and the side mold box mechanism (2) is provided with a connection mechanism (3) used in conjunction with the bottom plate (1); the middle part of the bottom plate (1) is detachably provided with a lane mold mechanism, and the bottom plate (1) is provided with a limit mechanism (8) used in conjunction with the lane mold mechanism; The side mold box mechanism (2) comprises a side mold plate 1 (21) and a side mold plate 2 (22), and the side mold plate 1 (21) and the side mold plate 2 (22) can be detachably connected to the bottom plate (1), and the connection mechanism (3) comprises an L-shaped plate (31), a connecting rod (32) and an inserting rod (33), the L-shaped plate (31) is fixedly mounted at both ends of the side mold plate 2 (22), and a connecting hole (34) is provided through the L-shaped plate (31), and both ends of the side mold plate 1 (21) are provided with an L-shaped groove (23), and the L-shaped plate (31) can be slidably inserted in the L-shaped groove (23), and the connecting rod (32) is slidably inserted in the L-shaped groove (23). The connecting rod (32) is movably inserted at both ends of the side template (21), and the connecting rod (32) can be slidably inserted in the connecting hole (34). The end of the connecting rod (32) is fixedly connected to a hand wheel (35), and a spring (36) is fixedly installed on one side of the hand wheel (35). The spring (36) is movably sleeved on the connecting rod (32), and the end of the spring (36) is fixedly connected to the side template (21). The insert rod (33) is fixedly installed at the middle part of the lower end of one side of the side template (21). Insert holes (11) are opened on both sides of the bottom plate (1), and the insert rod (33) can be slidably inserted in the insert hole (11).

2. The device for making rock mass tunnel models with different cross sections as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting mechanism (8) comprises a guide block (81) and an insert block (82), the guide block (81) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the top end of the bottom plate (1), the insert block (82) can be slidably inserted on the bottom plate (1), and a screw rod (83) is fixedly inserted on the insert block (82), the screw rod (83) can movably pass through the guide block (81), and a nut (84) is threadedly sleeved on the screw rod (83), the tunnel mold mechanism comprises a tunnel mold one (4), a tunnel mold two (5), a tunnel mold three (6) and a tunnel mold four (7), and the tunnel mold one (4), the tunnel mold two (5), the tunnel mold three (6) and the tunnel mold four (7) are all penetrated by a guide groove (9) and a through hole (91) for use with each other, the guide groove (9) can be slidably sleeved on the guide block (81), and the screw rod (83) can movably pass through the through hole (91).

3. The device for making rock mass tunnel models with different cross sections as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A slot (12) is provided in the middle of the bottom end of the bottom plate (1), and the insert block (82) can be slidably inserted into the slot (12).

4. The device for making rock mass tunnel models with different cross sections as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the insert block (82) and the inner diameter of the slot (12) as well as the outer diameter of the guide block (81) and the inner diameter of the guide groove (9) are the same in size.

5. The device for making rock mass tunnel models with different cross sections as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A through hole (13) connected to the slot (12) is provided through the middle of the bottom plate (1) and the guide block (81), and the screw rod (83) can movably penetrate the through hole (13).

6. The device for making rock mass tunnel models with different cross sections as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The hand wheel (35) is provided with a groove (37) for matching use, and the groove (37) is symmetrical in structure.

7. The device for making rock mass tunnel models with different cross sections as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the L-shaped plate (31) is the same as the inner diameter of the L-shaped groove (23).

8. A method for using a device for making rock tunnel models with different cross sections, characterized in that: Using a device for making rock tunnel models with different cross sections as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps: Step 1: Hold two side templates 1 (21) in turn and completely insert their corresponding insertion rods (33) into corresponding insertion holes (11) on the bottom plate (1); Step 2, then hold the two side templates 2 (22) in turn and insert the L-shaped plates (31) at both ends into the L-shaped grooves (23) on both sides of the corresponding side; Step 3: Pull the two hand wheels (35) on the corresponding sides in turn to move in opposite directions, thereby driving the corresponding two connecting rods (32) to move in opposite directions and stretching the corresponding two springs (36). When the distance between the two corresponding hand wheels (35) is moved to the maximum, stop pulling the hand wheel (35) and continue to push down the corresponding side template 2 (22) until the corresponding L-shaped plate (31) on the corresponding side template 2 (22) is completely inserted into the corresponding L-shaped groove (23), and the bottom end of the corresponding side template 2 (22) is tightly fitted with the bottom plate (1), then release the corresponding two hand wheels (35). At this time, the spring (36) will drive the corresponding hand wheel (35) and the connecting rod (32) to reset, so that the connecting rod (32) can be inserted into the corresponding connecting hole (34), thereby realizing a convenient and stable connection between the side mold box mechanism (2) and the bottom plate (1); Step 4: insert the screw rod (83) through the through hole (13) and completely insert the insert block (82) into the slot (12), then sequentially sleeve the tunnel mold 1 (4), tunnel mold 2 (5), tunnel mold 3 (6) and tunnel mold 4 (7) onto the screw rod (83) and completely insert the guide block (81) into the corresponding guide groove (9), and then fix them with the nut (84); Step 5: After the tunnel mold 1 (4), the tunnel mold 2 (5), the tunnel mold 3 (6) and the tunnel mold 4 (7) are fixed respectively, the model material needs to be poured into the assembled molds, and the pouring needs to be carried out along the convex part of the joint to ensure the integrity of the joint part of the sample; Step six, fully vibrate the model material in the mold to avoid the appearance of pores in the model material, thereby ensuring the integrity of the sample. After the tunnel model is solidified, remove the mold in the reverse order of mold installation, and the formed tunnel model sample can be quickly and easily removed.

9. The method for using the device for making rock mass tunnel models with different cross sections as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: In step 5, the model materials include, by mass, 40-60 parts of gypsum, 40-60 parts of cement, and 40-60 parts of quartz sand.

10. The method for using the device for making rock mass tunnel models with different cross sections as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: In step 3, after achieving convenient and stable connection between the side mold box mechanism (2) and the bottom plate (1), a self-cleaning coating is sprayed onto the inner wall of the side mold box mechanism (2) to form a self-cleaning coating; The raw materials of the self-cleaning coating include, by mass, 40-50 parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin, 1-5 parts of polyperfluoroethylene propylene, 1-5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, 1-5 parts of silica sol, 5-10 parts of polystyrene microspheres, 1-2 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 1-2 parts of curing agent, 1-2 parts of auxiliary agent and 20-30 parts of toluene.

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