Preparation method for preparing wormcast by mixing dry and wet garbage

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method for preparing wormcast by mixing dry and wet garbage. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, crushing the dry garbage; step 2, respectively weighing the crushed dry garbage and wet garbage through a wagon balance; step 3, pouring the proportionally blended dry garbage and wet garbage into a high-temperature fermentation tank; 4, adding a fermentation inoculant, and starting a high-temperature fermentation tank; 5, the dry and wet garbage mixture is naturally composted and fermented; step 6, fermenting and decomposing the dry and wet garbage; seventhly, the dry and wet garbage mixture obtained after composting and maturing is put into a digestion box, and earthworms are put into the digestion box; 8, basically completing the conversion of the wormcast; and 9, manually sorting the earthworms, drying the wormcast in the sun, and sieving. According to the invention, a composting process for producing peculiar smell by waste composting is optimized, and the obtained composting product is more suitable for feeding earthworms, so that the conversion efficiency of the wormcast is improved. High-quality wormcast is obtained, and high-quality wormcast raw materials are provided for soil improvement and container culture media.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of dry and wet garbage resource recycling and biological organic fertilizer, and in particular to a method for preparing earthworm manure by mixing dry and wet garbage. Background Art

[0002] Major cities have promulgated and implemented regulations on domestic waste, and the amount of wet garbage has increased significantly compared to before classification. For example, after Shanghai took the lead in implementing domestic waste classification in July 2019, the average daily amount of wet garbage separated in Shanghai in 2020 reached 9,504 tons, an increase of 27.5% over 2019. According to data from the Shanghai Municipal Greening and Beautification Bureau in 2022, the city of Shanghai separated 9,328 tons of wet garbage per day and 15,552 tons of dry garbage per day. The huge amount of wet and dry garbage has become an important part of recyclable resources. The transformation of the huge daily output of dry and wet garbage into resources through composting, fermentation, and earthworm digestion is one of the effective ways to solve the current problem of garbage recycling after garbage classification across the country.

[0003] Most of the wet garbage is fruits and vegetables or leftovers that can be used by earthworms, but the dry garbage used in the present invention is garden waste or farmland organic waste. Most of these dry garbage are woody or semi-lignified structures, which are difficult to be actively digested by earthworms. After being mixed with wet garbage for fermentation, most of the lignified structures of the dry garbage can be decomposed and become feed for earthworms. The undecomposed part can adjust the porosity of the earthworm digestion box and provide an air-permeable living environment for earthworms. After being converted into vermicompost, the undigested dry garbage part can still adjust the porosity and optimize the structure of vermicompost. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing earthworm castings by mixing dry and wet garbage, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] The technical problem solved by the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solution: A method for preparing vermicompost by mixing dry and wet garbage, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Dry garbage, i.e. dead branches and leaves of trees in gardens and green spaces, trimmed branches and leaves, and lawn trimmed grass waste, is crushed to a particle size of 1-1.5 cm;

[0007] Step 2: The crushed dry garbage and wet garbage are weighed separately on the weighbridge to ensure that the weight percentage of wet garbage is 40-55% and the weight percentage of dry garbage is 60-65%;

[0008] Step 3: Pour the mixed dry garbage and wet garbage into the high-temperature fermentation tank;

[0009] Step 4: Add 1 kg of fermentation agent to every 500 kg of dry and wet garbage, start the high-temperature fermentation tank, set the constant temperature to 70±5℃ and run for 24 hours;

[0010] Step 5: After 24 hours, pour the mixture of wet and dry garbage into a sealed fermentation barrel, cover it with a lid and let it compost and ferment naturally outdoors;

[0011] Step 6: After 15-20 days, the composted wet and dry garbage has almost no odor, the temperature is basically the same as the outdoor temperature, and the wet and dry garbage is fermented and decomposed;

[0012] Step 7: Put the composted and wet garbage mixture into a custom-designed portable plastic disposal box, and add earthworms according to the mass ratio of compost product to earthworms of 10:1;

[0013] Step 8: After 30-35 days, observe that the mixture of dry and wet garbage is dark brown in color, and the particles are evenly distributed from top to bottom in the box, indicating that the conversion of vermicompost is basically completed;

[0014] Step 9: Manually sort out the earthworms, dry the earthworm castings and sieve them.

[0015] Furthermore, in step three, the high temperature fermentation tank includes an intelligent temperature adjustment system, a stirring system, and an intelligent humidity control system.

[0016] Furthermore, during the operation of the fermentation tank in step 4, the humidity in the tank is always maintained at 60-70%, and the fermentation agent used is EM fermentation agent;

[0017] Furthermore, the fermentation barrel in step five is a thickened round barrel made of PE material. The lid is put on to prevent the odor generated during the natural fermentation process from spreading in large quantities and affecting the surrounding environment. The lid is manually punched with circular mesh air holes with a diameter of 50 mm and a mesh aperture of 1 mm. The air holes are installed to prevent excessive gas accumulation during the fermentation process that cannot evaporate, causing the fermentation barrel to explode.

[0018] Furthermore, the earthworm described in step seven is Eisenia fetida.

[0019] Furthermore, the earthworms sorted in step nine can be put into step seven again to continue the digestion of the decomposed products.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention optimizes the composting process of waste composting to produce odor, and the obtained compost product is more suitable for feeding earthworms, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of vermicompost, obtaining higher-quality vermicompost, and providing high-quality vermicompost raw materials for soil improvement and container cultivation substrates. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the technical means for realizing the present invention, the creative features, the objectives and effects to be achieved easily understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] A method for preparing vermicompost by mixing dry and wet garbage comprises the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Put the tree and shrub branches pruned in the garden maintenance project and the weeds after lawn mowing through the crusher. The tree and shrub branches are crushed into raw materials with a particle size of 1.5cm, and the weeds are crushed into raw materials with a particle size of 1cm;

[0025] Step 2: Mix the crushed tree and shrub stumps and weeds evenly and weigh them on the scale. Then manually sort out the non-fermentable dry garbage such as plastic bags and glass from the villagers' kitchen waste from the previous night and weigh them on the scale. Mix the weighed dry and wet garbage according to the weight percentage of wet garbage of 35% and dry garbage of 60%. Measure the moisture content of the mixed garbage and fine-tune the ratio of dry and wet garbage to ensure that the humidity of the mixed garbage is 60%.

[0026] Step 3: After adjusting the ratio and humidity of dry and wet garbage, pour the mixed garbage into the high-temperature fermentation tank;

[0027] Step 4: Add EM fermentation agent at a ratio of 1 kg per 500 kg of dry and wet garbage, start the high-temperature fermentation tank, set the constant temperature at 70±5℃ and run for 24 hours;

[0028] Step 5: After 24 hours, pour the mixture of wet and dry garbage into a sealed fermentation barrel, cover it with a lid and let it compost and ferment naturally outdoors;

[0029] Step 6: Starting from the 10th day, observe the fermentation status of the compost every day. If the composted dry and wet garbage has almost no odor and the temperature is basically the same as the outdoor temperature, the dry and wet garbage is fermented and mature;

[0030] Step 7: Put the composted and wet garbage mixture into a custom-designed portable plastic disposal box, and add earthworms according to the mass ratio of compost product to earthworms of 10:1;

[0031] Step 8: Ensure that the temperature and humidity of the earthworm digestion site are appropriate, and observe the color of the dry and wet garbage compost products every 10 days. When the dry and wet garbage compost products in the entire box turn dark brown, the particles are evenly distributed from top to bottom in the box, and the earthworms are distributed at the bottom of the box, the earthworm manure conversion is basically completed;

[0032] Step 9: Manually sort out earthworms, dry and sieve the earthworm castings, and recycle the earthworms for reuse. According to the test results, the physical and chemical properties and nutrient content of the earthworm castings meet the requirements of greening planting soil.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] A method for preparing vermicompost by mixing dry and wet garbage comprises the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Put the tree and shrub branches pruned in the garden maintenance project and the weeds after lawn mowing through the crusher. The tree and shrub branches are crushed into raw materials with a particle size of 1 cm, and the weeds are crushed into raw materials with a particle size of 1 cm;

[0036] Step 2: Mix the tree and shrub stumps and weeds evenly and weigh them on the scale. Then manually sort out the non-fermentable dry garbage such as plastic bags and glass from the villagers' kitchen waste from the previous night and weigh them on the scale. Mix the weighed dry and wet garbage at a weight percentage of 40% for wet garbage and 60% for dry garbage. Measure the moisture content of the mixed garbage and fine-tune the ratio of dry and wet garbage to ensure that the humidity of the mixed garbage is 60%;

[0037] Step 3: After adjusting the ratio and humidity of dry and wet garbage, pour the mixed garbage into the high-temperature fermentation tank;

[0038] Step 4: Add EM fermentation agent at a ratio of 1 kg per 500 kg of dry and wet garbage, start the high-temperature fermentation tank, set the constant temperature at 70±5℃ and run for 24 hours;

[0039] Step 5: After 24 hours, pour the mixture of wet and dry garbage into a sealed fermentation barrel, cover it with a lid and let it compost and ferment naturally outdoors;

[0040] Step 6: Starting from the 10th day, observe the fermentation status of the compost every day. If the composted dry and wet garbage has almost no odor and the temperature is basically the same as the outdoor temperature, the dry and wet garbage is fermented and mature;

[0041] Step 7: Put the composted and wet garbage mixture into a custom-designed portable plastic disposal box, and add earthworms according to the mass ratio of compost product to earthworms of 10:1;

[0042] Step 8: Ensure that the temperature and humidity of the earthworm digestion site are appropriate, and observe the color of the dry and wet garbage compost products every 10 days. When the dry and wet garbage compost products in the entire box turn dark brown, the particles are evenly distributed from top to bottom in the box, and the earthworms are distributed at the bottom of the box, the earthworm manure conversion is basically completed;

[0043] Step 9: Manually sort out earthworms, dry and sieve the earthworm castings, and recycle the earthworms for reuse. According to the test results, the physical and chemical properties and nutrient content of the earthworm castings meet the requirements of greening planting soil.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] A method for preparing vermicompost by mixing dry and wet garbage comprises the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Put the tree and shrub branches pruned in the garden maintenance project and the weeds pruned on the lawn through the crusher. The tree and shrub branches are crushed into raw materials with a particle size of 1.5 cm, and the weeds are crushed into raw materials with a particle size of 1.5 cm;

[0047] Step 2: Mix the tree and shrub stumps and weeds evenly and weigh them on the scale. Then manually sort out the non-fermentable dry garbage such as plastic bags and glass from the villagers' kitchen waste from the previous night and weigh them on the scale. Mix the weighed dry and wet garbage at a weight percentage of 55% for wet garbage and 65% for dry garbage. Measure the moisture content of the mixed garbage and fine-tune the ratio of dry and wet garbage to ensure that the humidity of the mixed garbage is 60%;

[0048] Step 3: After adjusting the ratio and humidity of dry and wet garbage, pour the mixed garbage into the high-temperature fermentation tank;

[0049] Step 4: Add EM fermentation agent at a ratio of 1 kg per 500 kg of dry and wet garbage, start the high-temperature fermentation tank, set the constant temperature at 70±5℃ and run for 24 hours;

[0050] Step 5: After 24 hours, pour the mixture of wet and dry garbage into a sealed fermentation barrel, cover it with a lid and let it compost and ferment naturally outdoors;

[0051] Step 6: Starting from the 10th day, observe the fermentation status of the compost every day. If the composted dry and wet garbage has almost no odor and the temperature is basically the same as the outdoor temperature, the dry and wet garbage is fermented and mature;

[0052] Step 7: Put the composted and wet garbage mixture into a custom-designed portable plastic disposal box, and add earthworms according to the mass ratio of compost product to earthworms of 10:1;

[0053] Step 8: Ensure that the temperature and humidity of the earthworm digestion site are appropriate, and observe the color of the dry and wet garbage compost products every 10 days. When the dry and wet garbage compost products in the entire box turn dark brown, the particles are evenly distributed from top to bottom in the box, and the earthworms are distributed at the bottom of the box, the earthworm manure conversion is basically completed;

[0054] Step 9: Manually sort out earthworms, dry and sieve the earthworm castings, and recycle the earthworms for reuse. According to the test results, the physical and chemical properties and nutrient content of the earthworm castings meet the requirements of greening planting soil.

[0055] Example 1 Vermicompost nutrient content and physicochemical properties test results

[0056]

[0057] Example 2 Vermicompost nutrient content and physicochemical properties test results

[0058]

[0059] Example 3: Vermicompost nutrient content and physicochemical properties test results

[0060]

[0061] The present invention first pulverizes dry garbage by crushing to obtain dry garbage crushed material with a sufficiently small particle size, which is convenient for efficient composting fermentation. Dry and wet garbage are mixed for fermentation. On the one hand, it avoids the excessive moisture in wet garbage that leads to a large amount of leachate being produced during fermentation, which pollutes the fermentation site environment; on the other hand, the mixing of dry and wet garbage can effectively control the moisture content of the fermentation environment, so that the fermentation bacteria agent can exert the maximum effect under a suitable environment. The fully fermented compost product has no odor, is rich in nutrients, is easy to digest, and has good palatability for earthworms. The conversion efficiency of earthworm castings is greatly enhanced, and the quality of earthworm castings is improved.

[0062] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing earthworm castings by mixing dry and wet garbage, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Dry garbage, i.e. dead branches and leaves of trees in gardens and green spaces, trimmed branches and leaves, and lawn trimmed grass waste, is crushed to a particle size of 1-1.5 cm; Step 2: The crushed dry garbage and wet garbage are weighed separately on the weighbridge to ensure that the weight percentage of wet garbage is 40-55% and the weight percentage of dry garbage is 60-65%; Step 3: Pour the mixed dry garbage and wet garbage into the high-temperature fermentation tank; Step 4: Add 1 kg of fermentation agent to every 500 kg of dry and wet garbage, start the high-temperature fermentation tank, set the constant temperature to 70±5℃ and run for 24 hours; Step 5: After 24 hours, pour the mixture of wet and dry garbage into a sealed fermentation barrel, cover it with a lid and let it compost and ferment naturally outdoors; Step 6: After 15-20 days, the composted wet and dry garbage has almost no odor, the temperature is basically the same as the outdoor temperature, and the wet and dry garbage is fermented and decomposed; Step 7: Put the composted and wet garbage mixture into a custom-designed portable plastic disposal box, and add earthworms according to the mass ratio of compost product to earthworms of 10:1; Step 8: After 30-35 days, observe that the mixture of dry and wet garbage is dark brown in color, and the particles are evenly distributed from top to bottom in the box, indicating that the conversion of vermicompost is basically completed; Step 9: Manually sort out the earthworms, dry the earthworm castings and sieve them.

2. The method for preparing vermicompost by mixing dry and wet garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the high temperature fermentation tank includes an intelligent temperature adjustment system, a stirring system, and an intelligent humidity control system.

3. The method for preparing vermicompost by mixing dry and wet garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the operation of the fermentation tank in step 4, the humidity in the tank is always maintained at 60-70%, and the fermentation agent used is EM fermentation agent.

4. The method for preparing vermicompost by mixing dry and wet garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation barrel in step 5 is a thickened round barrel made of PE material, and the lid is manually punched with holes to install circular mesh air holes with a diameter of 50 mm and a mesh aperture of 1 mm.

5. The method for preparing vermicompost by mixing dry and wet garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earthworm described in step seven is Eisenia fetida.

6. The method for preparing vermicompost by mixing dry and wet garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earthworms sorted in step nine can be put into step seven again to continue the digestion of the decomposed products.

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