Anti-collision device and method for municipal highway bridge

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge equipment, and particularly discloses an anti-collision device and method for a municipal highway bridge. Comprising an anti-collision device, a fixing cover, buffering mechanisms and force unloading mechanisms, the anti-collision device is arranged on a pier of a bridge, the pier at the bottom of the bridge is protected, the bridge can be prevented from directly receiving external impact force, and meanwhile the external impact force is buffered and unloaded through the multiple buffering mechanisms and the force unloading mechanisms alternately installed outside the fixing cover; a plurality of buffering air bags are extruded inwards by means of a first arc-shaped protection plate, the buffering air bags are connected through an upper elastic arc plate and a lower elastic arc plate, the buffering air bags can be connected with one another, the compression resistance of the buffering air bags is improved, and buffering is conducted through impact force; and the impact force of external ships can be buffered, so that the external impact force cannot directly act on piers of a bridge to damage the piers, and the bridge is protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of bridge equipment, and more specifically, relates to an anti-collision device and method for municipal highway bridges. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the times, in order to promote economic development, the role of highway bridges has become increasingly important. Therefore, more and more highway bridges are being built. These bridges span rivers, lakes, roads or other obstacles to provide convenient passage for vehicles and pedestrians. The construction of highway bridges is not only related to the smoothness and efficiency of urban traffic, but also directly affects the city’s economic development, residents’ quality of life and the city’s image.

[0003] When existing highway bridges are put into use, anti-collision floating rings are usually installed at the bridge piers to protect the bridge piers. However, when a ship hits the floating ring, the floating ring cannot effectively buffer and unload the impact of the ship. The ship is easy to hit the bridge pier under the action of inertia, resulting in serious consequences. Chinese patent CN118621745A discloses a bridge pier anti-ship collision protection device and adjustment method, which is equipped with a protective shield, an elastic buffer, an elastic contact, an elastic connector, and an elastic connecting arm, and provides multi-level protection for the periphery of the bridge pier at all angles, while ensuring the normal flow of water and ensuring that the water flow will not cause deformation of the protective shield, solving the problem of poor protection effect caused by deformation under the impact of water flow in the prior art. However, this method has insufficient buffering effect on the bridge piers and cannot unload and divert the impacting ship. Chinese patent CN221681623U discloses a collision-proof guardrail for highway bridges. When the device is damaged and needs to be replaced, when only the collision-proof metal plate is damaged, the user only needs to turn the bolt on the outer surface of the fifth fixing screw to dismantle and replace the collision-proof metal plate. If the second fixing screw needs to be replaced, only the bolt on the side end of the second fixing screw needs to be turned. The collision-proof metal plate, the second fixing screw and other parts are independently installed, so that the device can be quickly replaced in subsequent maintenance. However, the device has insufficient buffering effect on bridge piers and cannot unload and turn the impacting ship. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides an anti-collision device and method for municipal highway bridges, which provides an anti-collision device on the piers of the bridge, and protects the piers at the bottom of the bridge by means of a fixed cover on the anti-collision device, thereby preventing the bridge from being directly subjected to external impact force, and at the same time, buffering and unloading the external impact force are performed by a plurality of buffer mechanisms and unloading mechanisms alternately installed outside the fixed cover to protect the bridge piers, and a plurality of buffer air bags are squeezed inwardly by means of a first arc-shaped protective plate, and the buffer air bags are connected by an upper elastic arc plate and a lower elastic arc plate, so that the plurality of buffer air bags can be connected to each other to increase the compressive resistance of the buffer air bags, and the impact force received by the first arc-shaped protective plate can be buffered by means of a plurality of buffer air bags, and the impact force of external ships can be buffered, so that the external impact force will not directly act on the piers of the bridge to damage the piers, thereby protecting the bridge.

[0005] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, an anti-collision device for a municipal highway bridge is proposed, which is characterized in that it includes an anti-collision device arranged on a bridge pier, wherein:

[0006] The anti-collision device includes a fixed cover, a buffer mechanism and a force unloading mechanism. The fixed cover is a triangular structure. A buffer mechanism is provided on each surface of the triangular structure. The buffer mechanism includes a power buffer module and a first arc-shaped protective plate. A force unloading mechanism is provided between two adjacent buffer mechanisms. The force unloading mechanism includes a guide mechanism, a connecting rod and a second arc-shaped protective plate. The first arc-shaped protective plate and the second arc-shaped protective plate are arranged alternately in sequence. One side of the guide mechanism is connected to the second arc-shaped protective plate, and two groups of connecting rods are installed on the other side of the guide mechanism. The other sides of the two groups of connecting rods are connected to the power buffer module. In this way, when the second arc-shaped protective plate is subjected to impact force, the guide mechanism guides the second arc-shaped protective plate according to the impact force to guide the impacting object to change direction, and at the same time buffers and unloads the impacting object.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment, the guide mechanism includes a steel plate, a connecting block and a guide wheel, both ends of the guide mechanism are rotatably engaged with the guide wheels, one side of the two guide wheels is connected to a connecting block, a steel plate is rotatably engaged between the two connecting blocks, and the steel plate is connected to the second arc-shaped protective plate; when an external impact force is applied to the second arc-shaped protective plate, the second arc-shaped protective plate transfers the impact force to the guide mechanism and drives the guide wheels on both sides of the guide mechanism to rotate synchronously, and as the guide wheel rotates, the second arc-shaped protective plate will be driven to move together through the steel plate and the connecting block, thereby being able to divert the impact object.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment, the power buffer module includes a base plate, a linkage buffer, an external reinforcement plate and a reinforcement member. The base plate is equipped with a linkage buffer, and the linkage buffer is symmetrically arranged on the base plate. External reinforcement plates are installed on the outer sides of two groups of linkage buffers, and a first arc-shaped protective plate is connected to one side of the external reinforcement plate. A reinforcement member is installed between the two groups of linkage buffers, and the reinforcement member supports the two groups of linkage buffers.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment, the linkage buffer comprises a buffer airbag, an upper elastic arc plate, a lower elastic arc plate, a support plate and a reinforcing rib, the buffer airbags are arranged in an equidistant array, upper elastic arc plates and lower elastic arc plates are installed between the buffer airbags, one side of the upper elastic arc plates is connected to the reinforcing member, the bottom of the lower elastic arc plates is connected to the reinforcing rib, and the outer sides of the upper elastic arc plates and the lower elastic arc plates are connected to the support plate;

[0010] When an external impact force hits the first arc-shaped protective plate, the impact force squeezes a number of buffer airbags inward through the first arc-shaped protective plate. The buffer airbags are connected between the upper elastic arc plate and the lower elastic arc plate to improve the pressure resistance. The impact force of the first arc-shaped protective plate is buffered by the buffer airbags.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment, the reinforcement member is arranged between the two groups of linkage buffer parts, including a connecting plate, a cross plate and a reinforcement plate. The connecting plates are symmetrically provided with two pieces and are respectively connected to the two groups of linkage buffer parts. A cross plate is installed between the two connecting plates, and a reinforcement plate is fixed between the cross plate and the connecting plate.

[0012] As a further preference, the cross plate is formed by a plurality of cross-connected reinforcing plates to form a mutually symmetrical triangular structure, thereby increasing the bearing capacity of the cushioning airbag to be squeezed inward when impacted.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment, the cushion airbag is provided with a first pressure sensor, the first arc-shaped protective plate is provided with a second pressure sensor, the cushion airbag is connected to the air pump through an air circuit, the air circuit is provided with a pressure relief valve, the pressure relief valve, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the air pump are all connected to a controller, and the controller is used to control the working state of the air pump according to the numerical change rate and difference of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, so that the cushion airbag can instantaneously buffer the impact force.

[0014] As further preferred, the control logic of the controller includes:

[0015] If ΔP1[n]>ΔP2[n], and ΔP>0, it is considered that the impact force on the first pressure sensor is large, and the pressure of the cushioning airbag needs to be increased:

[0016] If P1[n] < Pinflate, start the inflator pump and increase the pressure to Ptarget

[0017] If Δn1[n] < ΔP2[n] and ΔP < 0, it is considered that the impact force received at the second pressure sensor is relatively large, and the pressure of the buffer airbag needs to be reduced:

[0018] If P1[n] > Pdump, open the pressure relief valve and reduce the pressure to Ptarget. If ΔP1[n] ≈ ΔP2[n] and ΔP ≈ 0, keep the current pressure unchanged;

[0019] Wherein, fs is the sampling frequency of the pressure sensor, Pmax is the measurement range of the set pressure sensor, Ptarget is the target pressure of the set buffer airbag, Pdump is the pressure threshold for setting the opening of the pressure relief valve, Pinflate is the pressure threshold for setting the start of the inflator pump, P1[n] and P2[n] are the initialized pressure sensor value arrays, ΔP1[n] = P1[n] - P1[n - 1] is the pressure change rate of the first pressure sensor, ΔP2[n] = P2[n] - P2[n - 1] is the pressure change rate of the second pressure sensor, and ΔP is the pressure difference between the two pressure sensors.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a working method for an anti-collision device for a municipal highway bridge, characterized by including the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: When an external ship hits the buffer mechanism, the external impact force will be transmitted to the first arc-shaped protection plate and squeeze several buffer airbags inward through the first arc-shaped protection plate. The several buffer airbags are connected between the upper elastic arc plate and the lower elastic arc plate, and can connect the several buffer airbags to form a whole, increasing the compressive performance of the buffer airbags, and buffering the impact force of the first arc-shaped protection plate with the help of the several buffer airbags;

[0022] Step 2: At this time, the buffer airbag can buffer the impact force of the external ship, so that the external impact force will not directly act on the bridge pier and cause damage to the pier;

[0023] Step 3: Then, when the external ship hits the force unloading mechanism, the external impact force will act on the second arc-shaped protection plate, and the impact force will be transmitted to the guiding mechanism through the impact, and drive the guiding wheels on both sides of the guiding mechanism to rotate synchronously;

[0024] Step 4: As the guiding wheels rotate, the second arc-shaped protection plate will be driven to move together by means of the steel bar plate and the connecting block, so that the ship that has collided can be steered, and the impact force of the ship can be buffered and unloaded, and the ship can be prevented from suffering further serious damage.

[0025] As a further preference, the buffer control method of the buffer airbag includes:

[0026] If ΔP1[n]>ΔP2[n] and ΔP>0, it is considered that the impact force received at the first pressure sensor is relatively large, and the pressure of the buffer airbag needs to be increased:

[0027] If P1[n]<Pinflate, start the inflator pump to increase the pressure to Ptarget

[0028] If ΔP1[n]<ΔP2[n] and ΔP<0, it is considered that the impact force received at the second pressure sensor is relatively large, and the pressure of the buffer airbag needs to be reduced:

[0029] If P1[n]>Pdump, open the pressure relief valve to reduce the pressure to Ptarget. If ΔP1[n]≈ΔP2[n] and ΔP≈0, keep the current pressure unchanged;

[0030] Where n is the index of the sampling point, Pmax is the measurement range of the set pressure sensor, Ptarget is the target pressure of the set buffer airbag, Pdump is the pressure threshold for setting the opening of the pressure relief valve, Pinflate is the pressure threshold for setting the start of the inflator pump, P1[n] and P2[n] are the initialized pressure sensor value arrays, ΔP1[n]=P1[n]-P1[n - 1] is the pressure change rate of the first pressure sensor, ΔP2[n]=P2[n]-P2[n - 1] is the pressure change rate of the second pressure sensor, and ΔP is the pressure difference between the two pressure sensors.

[0031] Generally speaking, compared with the prior art by the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, the following technical advantages are mainly possessed:

[0032] 1. By providing an anti-collision device on the bridge pier of the bridge, the present invention protects the bridge pier at the bottom of the bridge with the fixing cover on the anti-collision device, can avoid the bridge pier directly receiving external impact force, and at the same time, a number of buffer mechanisms and force unloading mechanisms alternately installed outside the fixing cover can buffer and unload the external impact force to protect the bridge pier.

[0033] 2. By providing a buffer mechanism, the present invention squeezes a number of buffer airbags inward with the first arc-shaped protection plate. The number of buffer airbags are connected between the upper elastic arc plate and the lower elastic arc plate, which can connect the number of buffer airbags to each other, increase the compressive performance of the buffer airbags, and buffer the impact force received by the first arc-shaped protection plate with the number of buffer airbags, which can buffer the impact force of the external ship, so that the external impact force will not directly act on the bridge pier and damage the pier, thus protecting the bridge.

[0034] 3. The present invention adds a force unloading mechanism, which can transfer the impact force to the guide mechanism with the help of the second arc-shaped protective plate, and drive the guide wheels on both sides of the guide mechanism to rotate synchronously. As the guide wheels rotate, the second arc-shaped protective plate will be driven to move with the help of the steel plate and the connecting block, so that the colliding ship can be guided and steered, the impact force of the ship can be buffered and unloaded, and the ship can be prevented from being further seriously damaged.

[0035] 4. The present invention installs a cross plate between two groups of linkage buffer parts. The cross plate can form a mutually symmetrical triangular structure through a number of cross-connected reinforcement plates, thereby increasing the bearing capacity of the buffer airbag to be squeezed inward when impacted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an anti-collision device for a municipal highway bridge involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is another overall structural schematic diagram of an anti-collision device for a municipal highway bridge involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the buffer mechanism involved in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer mechanism involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a linkage buffer member involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a reinforcement member involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the force unloading mechanism involved in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a force unloading mechanism involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a guide mechanism involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] In all the drawings, the same figure marks represent the same technical features, specifically: highway bridge-1, anti-collision device-2, fixed cover-21, buffer mechanism-22, force unloading mechanism-23, bottom plate-221, linkage buffer member-222, outer reinforcement plate-223, first arc-shaped protective plate-224, reinforcement member-225, buffer airbag-11, upper elastic arc plate-12, lower elastic arc plate-13, support plate-14, reinforcement rib-15, connecting plate-31, cross plate-32, reinforcement plate-33, guide mechanism-231, connecting rod-232, second arc-shaped protective plate-233, steel plate-41, connecting block-42, guide wheel-43. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, an anti-collision device for a municipal highway bridge provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a highway bridge 1 and an anti-collision device 2; the anti-collision device 2 is installed on the bottom piers of the highway bridge 1; the anti-collision device 2 includes a fixed cover 21, a buffer mechanism 22 and a force unloading mechanism 23, the fixed cover 21 is connected to the bottom piers of the highway bridge 1, a plurality of groups of buffer mechanisms 22 are installed on the outer side of the fixed cover 21, a force unloading mechanism 23 is installed between the plurality of groups of buffer mechanisms 22, and the force unloading mechanism 23 and the buffer mechanism 22 are alternately arranged.

[0048] Optionally, the fixed cover 2 is a triangular structure, and by virtue of the high stability of the triangle, it is possible to provide reinforced support for a plurality of groups of buffer mechanisms 22 on its outer side, thereby increasing the support strength of the buffer mechanisms 22 .

[0049] Optionally, the buffer mechanism 22 includes a base plate 221, a linkage buffer 222, an outer reinforcement plate 223, a first arc-shaped protective plate 224 and a reinforcement member 225. The linkage buffer 222 is installed on the base plate 221. The linkage buffer 222 is symmetrically arranged on the base plate 221. The outer reinforcement plate 223 is installed on the outer side of the two groups of linkage buffers 222. The first arc-shaped protective plate 224 is connected to one side of the outer reinforcement plate 223. A reinforcement member 225 is installed between the two groups of linkage buffers 222. The reinforcement member 225 can support the two groups of linkage buffers 222.

[0050] Optionally, the linkage buffer member 222 includes a buffer airbag 11, an upper elastic arc plate 12, a lower elastic arc plate 13, a support plate 14 and a reinforcing rib 15. There are a number of buffer airbags 11 in an equidistant array, and upper elastic arc plates 12 and lower elastic arc plates 13 are installed between the buffer airbags 11. One side of the upper elastic arc plates 12 is connected to the reinforcement 225, the bottom of the lower elastic arc plates 13 is connected to the reinforcing rib 15, and the outer sides of the upper elastic arc plates 12 and the lower elastic arc plates 13 are connected to the support plate 14.

[0051] Optionally, when an external impact force hits the first arc-shaped protective plate 224, the first arc-shaped protective plate 224 will be used to squeeze a plurality of buffer airbags 11 inwardly, and the plurality of buffer airbags 11 are connected through the upper elastic arc plate 12 and the lower elastic arc plate 13, so that the plurality of buffer airbags 11 can be connected to each other, thereby increasing the compression resistance of the buffer airbags 11, and the impact force of the first arc-shaped protective plate 224 can be buffered by the plurality of buffer airbags 11;

[0052] Optionally, the reinforcement member 225 is located between the two groups of linkage buffers 222, and includes a connecting plate 31, a cross plate 32 and a reinforcement plate 33. The connecting plates 31 are symmetrically provided with two pieces and are respectively connected to the two groups of linkage buffers 222. A cross plate 32 is installed between the two connecting plates 31, and a reinforcement plate 33 is fixed between the cross plate 32 and the connecting plate 31.

[0053] Optionally, the cross plate 32 can be formed into a mutually symmetrical triangular structure by cross-connecting a plurality of reinforcing plates, thereby increasing the bearing force of the cushioning airbag 11 to be squeezed inward when it is hit;

[0054] Optionally, the unloading mechanism 23 is located between two adjacent groups of buffer mechanisms 22, and includes a guide mechanism 231, a connecting rod 232 and a second arc-shaped protective plate 233, one side of the guide mechanism 231 is connected to the second arc-shaped protective plate 233, and the other side of the guide mechanism 231 is installed with two groups of connecting rods 232, and the other sides of the two groups of connecting rods 232 are connected to the two groups of buffer mechanisms 22;

[0055] Optionally, the guide mechanism 231 includes a steel plate 41, a connecting block 42 and a guide wheel 43, both ends of the guide mechanism 231 are rotatably matched with the guide wheels 43, one side of the two guide wheels 43 is connected to the connecting block 42, the steel plate 41 is rotatably matched between the two connecting blocks 42, and the steel plate 41 is connected to the second arc-shaped protective plate 233;

[0056] When a ship from outside collides with the second arc-shaped protective plate 233, the force of the impact will be transmitted to the guide mechanism 231, and the guide wheels 43 on both sides of the guide mechanism 231 will be driven to rotate synchronously. As the guide wheels 43 rotate, the second arc-shaped protective plate 233 will be driven to move with the help of the steel plate 41 and the connecting block 42, so that the colliding ship can be turned, the impact force of the ship can be buffered and unloaded, and the ship can be prevented from being further seriously damaged. Specifically, when the impact force acts on the second arc-shaped protective plate 233, the second arc-shaped protective plate 233 first transmits the force to the steel plate 41, and the steel plate 41 transmits the force to the connecting block 42 axially connected to it. Since the length of the steel plate 41 is constant, the length between the two guide wheels 43 is constant, and the guide wheel 43 contacts the adjacent buffer mechanism 22. When the connecting block 42 applies a force to the guide wheel 43, the two guide wheels 43 squeeze the buffer mechanism 22, and the buffer mechanism 22 will apply a reaction force to the guide wheel 43. Under the combined force of the reaction force and the connecting block 42, the guide wheel 43 deflects, thereby driving the steel plate 41 and the second arc-shaped protective plate 233 to rotate through the connecting block 42. More specifically, when the ship hits the second arc-shaped protective plate 233, the impact force first acts on the protective plate, causing it to be displaced and deformed. The second arc-shaped protective plate 233 is connected to the steel plate 41, and both ends of the steel plate 41 are connected to the guide wheel 43 through the connecting block 42. This design allows the impact force to be transmitted to the guide wheel 43 through the steel plate 41. The guide wheel 43 is rotatably connected to the connecting block 42, allowing the guide wheel to rotate when subjected to force. When the impact force is transmitted to the guide wheel 43, the guide wheel begins to rotate. As the guide wheel 43 rotates, the connecting block 42 also rotates. The connecting block 42 is also rotatably connected to the steel plate 41, allowing the steel plate 41 to rotate around the rotation axis of the connecting block 42. The rotation of the steel plate 41 drives the second arc-shaped guard plate 233 to move, and this movement can be along the axis direction of the bridge pier or perpendicular to the axis direction, depending on the design of the guide wheel 43 and the connecting block 42. The movement of the second arc-shaped guard plate 233 helps to change the impact direction of the ship and guide the ship to a safe path, thereby avoiding direct impact on the bridge pier. The guide wheel 43 is rotatably connected to the connecting block 42, and the guide wheel can rotate freely in the connecting block to respond to the impact force. The connecting block 42 is rotatably connected to the steel plate 41, and the connecting block and the steel plate are also connected by a bearing or other rotating mechanism, allowing the steel plate to rotate around the rotating axis of the connecting block. The steel plate 41 is fixedly connected to the second arc-shaped protective plate 233, and the steel plate and the second arc-shaped protective plate are fixedly connected to ensure that the movement of the steel plate can be directly transmitted to the protective plate, so as to realize the movement of the protective plate and the steering of the ship. Through this solution, the anti-collision device can effectively convert the impact force into the rotation and movement of the guide mechanism when hit by a ship, thereby achieving buffering and guiding of the ship and protecting the bridge from damage.This mechanism can not only absorb and disperse the impact force, but also guide the ship to change its direction, reducing the direct impact on the bridge structure.

[0057] Optionally, in the present invention, a first pressure sensor is provided on the buffer airbag 11, a second pressure sensor is provided on the first arc-shaped protection plate 224, the buffer airbag 11 is connected to an air pump through an air path, a pressure relief valve is provided on the air path, and the pressure relief valve, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the air pump are all connected to a controller. The controller is used to control the working state of the air pump according to the numerical change rate and difference of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, so that the buffer airbag 11 can instantaneously buffer the impact force.

[0058] Optionally, the control logic of the controller includes:

[0059] If ΔP1[n]>ΔP2[n] and ΔP>0, it is considered that the impact force received at the first pressure sensor is larger, and the pressure of the buffer airbag needs to be increased:

[0060] If P1[n]<Pinflate, start the air pump and increase the pressure to Ptarget

[0061] If ΔP1[n]<ΔP2[n] and ΔP<0, it is considered that the impact force received at the second pressure sensor is larger, and the pressure of the buffer airbag needs to be reduced:

[0062] If P1[n]>Pdump, open the pressure relief valve and reduce the pressure to Ptarget. If ΔP1[n]≈ΔP2[n] and ΔP≈0, keep the current pressure unchanged;

[0063] Wherein, fs is the sampling frequency of the pressure sensor, Pmax is the measurement range of the set pressure sensor, Ptarget is the target pressure of the set buffer airbag, Pdump is the pressure threshold for setting the opening of the pressure relief valve, Pinflate is the pressure threshold for setting the start of the air pump, P1[n] and P2[n] are the initialized pressure sensor numerical arrays, ΔP1[n]=P1[n]-P1[n - 1] is the pressure change rate of the first pressure sensor, ΔP2[n]=P2[n]-P2[n - 1] is the pressure change rate of the second pressure sensor, and ΔP is the pressure difference between the two pressure sensors.

[0064] More specifically, in the above embodiment, the airbags 11 are installed in the buffer mechanism 22 in an equidistant array to form a plurality of buffer units. Each buffer airbag is interconnected through an upper elastic arc plate 12 and a lower elastic arc plate 13 to form an integral buffer system. A pressure sensor is installed inside or at a connection of each buffer airbag to monitor the pressure changes inside the airbag in real time. The pressure sensor transmits data to the central control system for real-time analysis and response. The central control system receives data from the pressure sensor and analyzes the pressure changes according to a preset algorithm. Based on the analysis results, the central control system outputs instructions to adjust the air pressure of the airbag. A pressure relief valve is installed on each buffer airbag. When the pressure inside the airbag exceeds a preset safety threshold, the pressure relief valve automatically opens to release excess gas to prevent the airbag from rupturing. One or more air pumps are equipped. When the pressure inside the airbag is lower than a preset minimum value, the air pump injects air into the airbag to maintain the stability and buffering capacity of the airbag. The central control system uses an adaptive algorithm to adjust the air pressure of the airbag based on real-time data and historical data to adapt to different impact forces. The system establishes a feedback loop to continuously adjust the air pressure of the airbag to achieve the best cushioning effect. The entire system requires a stable power supply, which can be a battery, a solar panel, or an electrical system connected to the bridge. That is, the linkage buffer 222 includes a buffer airbag 11, an upper elastic arc plate 12, a lower elastic arc plate 13, a support plate 14, and a reinforcing rib 15. In the linkage buffer 222, the air pressure of the buffer airbag 11 is adjusted by the central control system to adapt to different impact forces. In this way, the buffer airbag system can automatically adjust the air pressure when it is hit, thereby providing appropriate buffering force to protect the bridge from damage. This intelligent adjustment mechanism improves the adaptability and reliability of the system, enabling it to work effectively in various situations.

[0065] More specifically, it also includes:

[0066] A pressure sensor, installed in the cushioning airbag 11, for monitoring the pressure inside the airbag;

[0067] A central control system receives pressure data from the pressure sensor and analyzes pressure changes according to a preset algorithm;

[0068] A pressure relief valve, installed on the cushioning airbag 11, automatically opens when the pressure inside the airbag exceeds a preset safety threshold;

[0069] An air pump connected to the cushion airbag 11, for injecting air into the airbag when the pressure inside the airbag is lower than a preset minimum value;

[0070] The central control system outputs instructions according to the analysis results to control the pressure relief valve and the air pump to automatically adjust the air pressure of the cushion airbag.

[0071] The workflow of the above control system is as follows:

[0072] Step 1: Monitor the pressure inside the airbag through a pressure sensor installed in the cushion airbag;

[0073] Step 2: Transmit the monitored pressure data to the central control system;

[0074] Step 3: The central control system analyzes the pressure data according to the preset algorithm and determines whether the air pressure needs to be adjusted;

[0075] Step 4: If the air pressure needs to be adjusted, the central control system outputs instructions to the pressure relief valve and / or the air pump;

[0076] Step 5: When the pressure in the airbag exceeds the preset safety threshold, the pressure relief valve automatically opens to release excess gas;

[0077] Step 6: When the pressure in the airbag is lower than a preset minimum value, the air pump injects air into the airbag to maintain the stability and cushioning capacity of the airbag;

[0078] Step 7: The central control system establishes a feedback loop to continuously adjust the air pressure of the airbag to achieve the best cushioning effect.

[0079] Optionally, in the present invention, the guide mechanism 231 enables it to achieve multi-directional guidance, rather than just a single direction, to improve the adaptability of the system and to cope with impacts from different directions. Specifically, the basic composition of the guide mechanism: Guide plate: A plurality of guide plates are designed, each of which is connected to the second arc-shaped protective plate 233 and can rotate around the connection point. Rotation axis: Each guide plate is connected to the second arc-shaped protective plate 233 through a rotation axis, allowing the guide plate to rotate in multiple directions. Link system: Each guide plate is connected to the buffer mechanism 22 through a link system 232 to transmit the impact force and achieve guidance. Design of the guide plate: Shape: The guide plate can be designed into a polygon with a variable angle, such as a triangle or a quadrilateral, to provide guidance capabilities in multiple directions. Material: Use high-strength, high-toughness materials, such as steel or aluminum alloy, to ensure that the integrity of the structure can be maintained under high impact forces. Surface treatment: The surface of the guide plate can be treated with anti-slip treatment to increase the friction with the ship and improve the guiding effect. Design of the rotating shaft: Bearings: The rotating shaft can have built-in bearings to reduce friction during rotation and improve response speed. Locking mechanism: Design a locking mechanism that allows the angle of the guide plate to be fixed when necessary to adapt to different impact situations. Design of the connecting rod system: Flexibility: The connecting rod system 232 should be designed to be retractable to accommodate ships of different sizes and different impact forces. Strength: The connecting rod material should be selected from high-strength materials to ensure that it will not break under high impact forces. Guidance control components: Sensors: Install sensors to monitor the impact force and direction of the ship, as well as the rotation angle of the guide plate. Guidance controller: Design a guidance controller that automatically adjusts the angle of the guide plate based on the sensor data to achieve the best guidance effect. Feedback system: Establish a feedback system to monitor the guidance effect and make adjustments when necessary.

[0080] More specifically, the guidance structure includes:

[0081] Fixed cover 21: Several groups of buffer mechanisms 22 are installed on the outside of the fixed cover 21, and a force unloading mechanism 23 is installed between each group of buffer mechanisms 22, and the force unloading mechanism 23 and the buffer mechanisms 22 are alternately arranged. Guide mechanism 231: In the force unloading mechanism 23, one side of the guide mechanism 231 is connected to the second arc-shaped protective plate 233, and the other side is installed with two groups of connecting rods 232, and the other sides of the two groups of connecting rods 232 are connected to the two groups of buffer mechanisms 22. Multi-directional guiding capability: By installing multiple guide plates on the second arc-shaped protective plate 233, each guide plate can be rotated in multiple directions through a rotating shaft, thereby achieving multi-directional guiding capability.

[0082] The working process of an anti-collision device for a municipal highway bridge involved in this embodiment is as follows:

[0083] Step 1: When the anti-collision device at the bottom of the municipal highway bridge is in use, the bridge piers at the bottom of the bridge are protected by the triangular structure of the fixed cover, which can prevent the bridge piers from directly receiving external impact force;

[0084] Step 2: At the same time, a plurality of buffer mechanisms and unloading mechanisms alternately installed on the outside of the fixed cover can buffer and unload the external impact force to protect the bridge piers;

[0085] Step 3: When an external ship hits the buffer mechanism, the external impact force is transmitted to the first arc-shaped protective plate, and a plurality of buffer airbags are squeezed inward through the first arc-shaped protective plate. The plurality of buffer airbags are connected through the upper elastic arc plate and the lower elastic arc plate, and the plurality of buffer airbags can be connected to each other to form a whole, thereby increasing the compression resistance of the buffer airbags, and using the plurality of buffer airbags to buffer the impact force of the first arc-shaped protective plate;

[0086] Step 4: At this time, the cushioning airbag can cushion the impact force of the external ship, so that the external impact force will not directly act on the bridge piers and cause damage to the piers;

[0087] Step 5: When the external ship hits the unloading mechanism, the external impact force will act on the second arc-shaped protective plate, and the impact force will be transmitted to the guide mechanism, and drive the guide wheels on both sides of the guide mechanism to rotate synchronously;

[0088] Step 6: As the guide wheel rotates, the second arc-shaped protective plate will be driven to move with the help of the steel plate and the connecting block, so as to turn the colliding ship, buffer the impact force of the ship, and prevent the ship from suffering further serious damage.

[0089] In summary, the present invention provides an efficient and adjustable bridge protection mechanism by adding anti-collision devices to the piers of the bridge and designing an intelligent buffer airbag system. Enhance bridge safety: The anti-collision device can absorb and disperse the impact force of the ship, significantly reducing the direct impact on the bridge piers, thereby improving the safety and service life of the bridge. Realize intelligent buffering control: By real-time monitoring of the pressure changes of the buffer airbag and the first arc-shaped protective plate, the intelligent control system can automatically adjust the air pressure of the airbag to adapt to different impact forces and achieve instantaneous buffering of the impact force. Improve adaptability and flexibility: The multi-directional guiding mechanism can cope with impacts from different directions, improving the adaptability and flexibility of the system. Reduce maintenance costs: The intelligent control system reduces the need for manual intervention, reducing maintenance costs and workload.

[0090] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-collision device for municipal highway bridges, characterized in that: It comprises an anti-collision device (2) arranged on a bridge pier, wherein: The anti-collision device (2) comprises a fixed cover (21), a buffer mechanism (22) and a force unloading mechanism (23); the fixed cover (21) is a triangular structure; a buffer mechanism (22) is provided on each surface of the triangular structure; the buffer mechanism (22) comprises a power buffer module and a first arc-shaped protective plate (224); a force unloading mechanism (23) is provided between two adjacent buffer mechanisms (22); the force unloading mechanism (23) comprises a guide mechanism (231), a connecting rod (232) and a second arc-shaped protective plate (233); the first arc-shaped protective plate (234) is provided with a guide mechanism (231), a connecting rod (232) and a second arc-shaped protective plate (233); The plate (224) and the second arc-shaped protective plate (233) are arranged alternately in sequence, one side of the guide mechanism (231) is connected to the second arc-shaped protective plate (233), and the other side of the guide mechanism (231) is installed with two groups of connecting rods (232), and the other sides of the two groups of connecting rods (232) are connected to the power buffer module. In this way, when the second arc-shaped protective plate (233) is subjected to an impact force, the guide mechanism (231) guides the second arc-shaped protective plate (233) according to the impact force to guide the impact object to change direction, and at the same time, buffers and unloads the impact object.

2. The anti-collision device for municipal highway bridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide mechanism (231) comprises a steel plate (41), a connecting block (42) and a guide wheel (43); both ends of the guide mechanism (231) are rotatably matched with the guide wheels (43); one side of the two guide wheels (43) is connected to the connecting block (42); a steel plate (41) is rotatably matched between the two connecting blocks (42); the steel plate (41) is connected to the second arc-shaped protective plate (233); when an external impact force is applied to the second arc-shaped protective plate (233), the second arc-shaped protective plate (233) transmits the impact force to the guide mechanism (231) and drives the guide wheels (43) on both sides of the guide mechanism (231) to rotate synchronously; as the guide wheel (43) rotates, the second arc-shaped protective plate (233) is driven to move together through the steel plate (41) and the connecting block (42), thereby being able to deflect the impact object.

3. The anti-collision device for municipal highway bridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power buffer module comprises a base plate (221), a linkage buffer member (222), an outer reinforcement plate (223) and a reinforcement member (225); the base plate (221) is provided with a linkage buffer member (222); the linkage buffer member (222) is symmetrically arranged on the base plate (221); the outer sides of two groups of linkage buffer members (222) are provided with an outer reinforcement plate (223); one side of the outer reinforcement plate (223) is connected with a first arc-shaped protective plate (224); a reinforcement member (225) is provided between the two groups of linkage buffer members (222); the reinforcement member (225) supports the two groups of linkage buffer members (222).

4. The anti-collision device for municipal highway bridges according to claim 3, characterized in that: The linked buffer member (222) includes a buffer airbag (11), an upper elastic arc plate (12), a lower elastic arc plate (13), a support plate (14) and a reinforcing rib (15). A number of buffer airbags (11) are arranged in an equidistant array. An upper elastic arc plate (12) and a lower elastic arc plate (13) are installed between the buffer airbags (11). One side of a number of upper elastic arc plates (12) is connected to a reinforcement member (225). The bottom of a number of lower elastic arc plates (13) is connected to the reinforcing rib (15). The outer sides of the upper elastic arc plate (12) and the lower elastic arc plate (13) are connected to the support plate (14). When an external impact force impacts the first arc-shaped protection plate (224), the impact force squeezes a number of buffer airbags (11) inward through the first arc-shaped protection plate (224). A number of buffer airbags (11) are connected through the upper elastic arc plate (12) and the lower elastic arc plate (13) to improve the compressive performance, and the impact force on the first arc-shaped protection plate (224) is buffered by a number of buffer airbags (11).

5. The anti-collision device for municipal highway bridges according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reinforcement member (225) is arranged between two groups of linked buffer members (222) and includes a connecting plate (31), a cross plate (32) and a reinforcement plate (33). Two symmetric connecting plates (31) are respectively connected to the two groups of linked buffer members (222). A cross plate (32) is installed between the two connecting plates (31). A reinforcement plate (33) is fixed between the cross plate (32) and the connecting plate (31).

6. The anti-collision device for municipal highway bridges according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross plate (32) forms a triangular structure that is symmetric with each other through a number of cross-connected reinforcement plates (33), thereby increasing the bearing force of the buffer airbag (11) when being impacted and squeezed inward.

7. The anti-collision device for municipal highway bridges according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first pressure sensor is provided on the buffer airbag (11). A second pressure sensor is provided on the first arc-shaped protection plate (224). The buffer airbag (11) is connected to an air pump through an air path. A pressure relief valve is provided on the air path. The pressure relief valve, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the air pump are all connected to a controller. The controller is used to control the working state of the air pump according to the numerical change rate and difference of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, so that the buffer airbag (11) can instantaneously buffer the impact force.

8. The anti-collision device for municipal highway bridges according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control logic of the controller includes: If ΔP1[n]>ΔP2[n], and ΔP>0, it is considered that the impact force received at the first pressure sensor is larger, and the pressure of the buffer airbag needs to be increased: If P1[n]<Pinflate, start the air pump and increase the pressure to Ptarget If ΔP1[n]<ΔP2[n], and ΔP<0, it is considered that the impact force received at the second pressure sensor is larger, and the pressure of the buffer airbag needs to be reduced: If P1[n]>Pdump, open the pressure relief valve and reduce the pressure to Ptarget. If ΔP1[n]≈ΔP2[n], and ΔP≈0, keep the current pressure unchanged; Among them, fs is the sampling frequency of the pressure sensor, Pmax is the set measurement range of the pressure sensor, Ptarget is the target pressure of the set buffer airbag, Pdump is the pressure threshold for setting the relief valve to open, Pinflate is the pressure threshold for setting the air pump to start, P1[n] and P2[n] are the initialized pressure sensor value arrays, ΔP1[n]=P1[n] - P1[n - 1] is the pressure change rate of the first pressure sensor, ΔP2[n]=P2[n] - P2[n - 1] is the pressure change rate of the second pressure sensor, and ΔP is the pressure difference between the two pressure sensors.

9. A working method of an anti-collision device for a municipal highway bridge, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1: When the first arc-shaped protection plate (224) is subjected to an external impact force, the impact force will squeeze several buffer airbags (11) inward through the first arc-shaped protection plate (224). The several buffer airbags (11) are connected between the upper elastic arc plate (12) and the lower elastic arc plate (13) to improve the compressive performance, and the impact force on the first arc-shaped protection plate (224) is buffered by the several buffer airbags (11); Step 2: When the force relief mechanism (23) is subjected to an external impact force, the external impact force will act on the second arc-shaped protection plate (233). The second arc-shaped protection plate (233) transmits the impact force to the guiding mechanism (231) and drives the guiding wheels (43) on both sides of the guiding mechanism (231) to rotate synchronously; Step 3: As the guiding wheel (43) rotates, the second arc-shaped protection plate (233) is driven to move together through the steel bar plate (41) and the connecting block (42), so that the impact object can be turned and the impact force can be buffered and relieved.

10. The anti-collision device for municipal highway bridges according to claim 9, characterized in that: The buffer control method of the buffer airbag includes: If ΔP1[n]>ΔP2[n] and ΔP>0, it is considered that the impact force received at the first pressure sensor is larger and the pressure of the buffer airbag needs to be increased: If P1[n]<Pinflate, start the air pump and increase the pressure to Ptarget If ΔP1[n]<ΔP2[n] and ΔP<0, it is considered that the impact force received at the second pressure sensor is larger and the pressure of the buffer airbag needs to be reduced: If P1[n]>Pdump, open the relief valve and reduce the pressure to Ptarget. If ΔP1[n]≈ΔP2[n] and ΔP≈0, keep the current pressure unchanged; Among them, n is the index of the sampling point, Pmax is the set measurement range of the pressure sensor, Ptarget is the target pressure of the set buffer airbag, Pdump is the pressure threshold for setting the relief valve to open, Pinflate is the pressure threshold for setting the air pump to start, P1[n] and P2[n] are the initialized pressure sensor value arrays, ΔP1[n]=P1[n] - P1[n - 1] is the pressure change rate of the first pressure sensor, ΔP2[n]=P2[n] - P2[n - 1] is the pressure change rate of the second pressure sensor, and ΔP is the pressure difference between the two pressure sensors.

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