A system and method for mining lanes across subsidence pillars without coal pillars

Abstract

The present invention discloses a system and method for coal pillar-free mining across collapse pillars, belonging to the technical field of coal mining. The system includes an advance seismic detection module, an intelligent drilling module, a roof reinforcement module, and a portal roof control and side support module. The method for creating a lane uses the system, including advance seismic detection during mining; intelligent drilling geological verification; three-dimensional grouting and constant resistance anchoring of deep and shallow holes in the roof; directional top cutting drilling intelligent drilling; directional liquid carbon dioxide phase change fracturing and pressure relief; and rear portal roof control and side support. The present invention adopts the above system and method to realize automatic lane formation during the mining process, avoid premature tunneling of the lane, and shorten the exposure time of the lane. At the same time, by eliminating coal pillars, the recovery rate of coal resources is improved, the stress concentration problem is solved, the stress distribution is optimized, and the safety and stability of the lane in the collapse pillar area are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, and in particular to a system and method for coal pillar-free mining and lane formation across a collapsed pillar. Background Art

[0002] Underground longwall mining is the main method of coal mining in my country. More than 90% of coal mining in my country adopts underground mining. Collapse column is a common geological structure in the process of underground coal mining. The mining of collapse column not only involves the resource recovery of the ore body, but also directly affects the redistribution of mine pressure and the stability of underground engineering, causing personnel safety hazards, equipment loss, rock burst phenomenon, ground environmental damage, increased water risk, resource waste, increased mining difficulty and other mining problems.

[0003] When encountering a collapse column, it is generally arranged in the coal pillar between the working faces. When the collapse column is large, the size of the coal pillar must also be widened. The retention of the coal pillar leads to a sharp increase in the stress concentration of the surrounding rock stress field. Under the huge mine pressure, the stress distribution is uneven, which is not conducive to the stable maintenance and safe mining of the tunnel, and also causes a serious waste of coal pillar resources. For collapse columns that cannot be detected in advance during geological exploration or areas with a large number of collapse columns, the tunnel will inevitably pass through the collapse column. How to achieve efficient resource recovery in the collapse column area is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0004] The coal pillar-free mining technology is an effective means to improve resource recovery rate. Generally, the coal pillars between working faces are eliminated and the tunnels of the previous working face are retained for reuse by the adjacent working face. Since the collapsed column area is extremely unstable, the conventional system of first excavating the tunnel and then mining the working face has a long exposure time. The tunnel itself is unstable in the collapsed column area exposed during the tunnel excavation process. In the unstable area, filling and retaining the tunnel along the side of the tunnel or cutting the top into the tunnel without coal pillars is very likely to cause tunnel collapse, which brings safety hazards. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for coal pillar-free mining across subsidence pillars to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a coal pillar-free mining system across collapse pillars, including a seismic advance detection module, an intelligent drilling module, a roof reinforcement module and a portal-type top control and side support module. The seismic advance detection module is arranged at the working face position, the intelligent drilling module and the roof reinforcement module are both arranged at the end position of the lane, and the portal-type top control and side support module is arranged behind the roof reinforcement module.

[0007] Preferably, the mining seismic advance detection module includes a coal mining machine seismic source and a plurality of detectors, and the detectors are respectively installed on the hydraulic supports of the working face and are densely arranged at the end of the tunnel.

[0008] Preferably, the roof reinforcement module includes an anchoring device and a grouting device.

[0009] Preferably, the portal-type top-controlled side support module includes a top support device and a side support device.

[0010] Preferably, the top support device includes a top beam, a connecting beam, a vertical hydraulic cylinder and a base. The top beam and the connecting beam are both arranged in parallel in multiple numbers. The top beam is vertically connected to the connecting beam. There are multiple vertical hydraulic cylinders, which are respectively arranged on both sides below each top beam. The base is arranged below the vertical hydraulic cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, the side support device includes a lateral hydraulic cylinder, a baffle and a connecting rod. The lateral hydraulic cylinder is provided in plurality, each of which is connected to the top beam on one side and to the baffle on the other side. The connecting rod is connected to the baffle on one side and to the base on the other side.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for mining and forming a laneway without coal pillars across a collapsed pillar, the steps comprising:

[0013] S1. Use the mining seismic advance detection module to conduct mining seismic advance detection. The seismic source of the coal mining machine generates vibrations during the process of coal cutting and working face advancement, and the detector receives the signal to achieve geological detection of the leading area of ​​the working face, especially the leading area of ​​the tunnel, and make a preliminary judgment on the scope and nature of the collapse column;

[0014] S2. Use the intelligent drilling module to drill the area of ​​the advanced collapse column in the tunnel, and review the detection results of the seismic advance detection module during mining to achieve accurate detection of the impact range of the collapse column area and the properties of the rock mass;

[0015] S3. Within the influence range of the collapse column area, the intelligent drilling module is used to carry out grouting drilling and anchor cable drilling layout on the top plate. The grouting drilling includes deep grouting holes and shallow grouting holes. After the layout is completed, the top plate reinforcement module is used to carry out deep and shallow hole three-dimensional grouting and constant resistance anchoring on the top plate;

[0016] S4. Use the intelligent drilling module to arrange the top plate cutting drill holes. During the arrangement process, the top plate cutting drill holes are tracked and corrected in real time. During the drilling process, the top plate lithology is detected and fed back in real time, and the drilling depth of the top plate cutting drill holes is adjusted in real time according to the lithology.

[0017] S5. Directional liquid carbon dioxide phase change fracturing devices are respectively installed according to the depth of the top cutting drilling holes to directionally fracture the coal seam roof in the collapse column area, cut off the connection between the goaf roof and the roadway roof, and realize directional top cutting and pressure relief;

[0018] S6. Install a portal-type roof-control and side-protection support module in the tunneling area. After the top beam and the connecting beam are connected and fixed, raise the vertical hydraulic cylinder to support the tunnel roof, lower the lateral hydraulic cylinder, and use the baffle to support the side of the goaf gangue to achieve safe tunneling across the collapse column area.

[0019] Preferably, the use of the roof reinforcement module for constant resistance anchoring in S3 includes: using the roof reinforcement module to automatically hang the tunnel anchor net, and automatically install and pre-tighten the anchor rods and constant resistance anchor cables.

[0020] Preferably, in said S4, the top cutting drill holes are tracked and corrected in real time to ensure that the multiple top cutting drill holes have the same inclination angle and are in a straight line along the direction of the tunnel.

[0021] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned cross-collapse pillar-free coal pillar mining lane forming system and method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) Through seismic advance detection and intelligent drilling detection, the geological conditions in the area ahead of the tunnel are surveyed in real time to clarify the impact range of the collapse column and the mechanical properties of the rock mass in the collapse column area;

[0023] (2) In the area across the collapse column, the directional liquid carbon dioxide phase change fracturing method is used to replace the traditional blasting to cut the top, which can ensure the cutting effect while reducing the disturbance and damage to the unstable rock mass of the collapse column and avoid the safety risks caused by blasting to cut the top;

[0024] (3) The self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock in the collapse column area is improved by three-dimensional grouting of deep and shallow holes in the roof and constant resistance anchoring. The stability of the surrounding rock is improved. By adopting the rear-door controlled roof support, the effective support area and support strength of the roof are increased, and the support strength of the side is increased to ensure the safety and stability of the tunnel during the tunneling process, and to achieve safe tunneling across the collapse column area.

[0025] (4) The method of mining across the collapse pillar without coal pillars can eliminate coal pillars and improve the recovery rate of coal resources. At the same time, it can solve the problem of stress concentration, optimize stress distribution, and improve the safety and stability of the tunnels in the collapse pillar area.

[0026] (5) Through the cross-collapse pillar-forming coal pillar-free mining system, automatic tunneling can be achieved during the mining process, avoiding premature tunnel excavation and shortening the tunnel exposure time.

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a plan view of the layout of the roadway for coal pillar-free mining across the collapse pillar according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a plan view of a coal pillar-free mining lane system across a subsidence column according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a door-type top-controlling side guard support module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of the method for mining lanes without coal pillars in a collapsed column according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the mining tunnel in the collapse column area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Reference numerals

[0034] 1. Transport tunnel; 2. Auxiliary transport tunnel; 3. Return air tunnel; 4. Upper drift; 5. Lower drift; 6. Panel cut; 7. Drift drift; 8. Subsidence column; 9. Mining face; 10. Advance seismic detection module; 101. Coal mining machine source; 102. Detector; 11. Intelligent drilling module; 12. Roof reinforcement module; 13. Door-type top control and side support module; 131. Top beam; 132. Connecting beam; 133. Vertical hydraulic cylinder; 134. Base; 135. Lateral hydraulic cylinder; 136. Baffle; 137. Connecting rod; 14. Grouting deep hole; 15. Grouting shallow hole; 16. Roof grouting area; 17. Anchor net; 18. Anchor rod; 19. Constant resistance anchor cable; 20. Cutting top drilling hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The present invention provides a cross-collapse column coal-free mining lane forming system and method, the lane forming system and method are based on a cross-collapse column lane arrangement method, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes a transport tunnel 1, an auxiliary transport tunnel 2, a return air tunnel 3, an upper drift 4, a lower drift 5, a panel cut 6, and a tunneling drift 7. The upper drift 4 is connected with the return air tunnel 3, the lower drift 5 is connected with the transport tunnel 1, the panel cut 6 is connected with the upper drift 4 and the lower drift 5, and multiple working faces in the upper drift 4, the lower drift 5, and the panel cut 6 are a panel. The cross-collapse column coal pillar-free mining tunneling system is arranged at the position of the mining face 9. With the continuous advancement of the mining face 9, the smooth mining and tunneling of the tunneling drift 7 in the collapse column 8 area is realized.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 The present invention provides a coal pillar-free mining lane system across a collapse pillar, comprising a mining seismic advance detection module 10, an intelligent drilling module 11, a roof reinforcement module 12 and a portal top control and side support module 13. The mining seismic advance detection module 10 is arranged at the working face position, the intelligent drilling module 11 and the roof reinforcement module 12 are both arranged at the end position of the lane, and the portal top control and side support module 13 is arranged behind the roof reinforcement module.

[0038] The mining seismic advance detection module 10 includes a coal mining machine source 101 and a plurality of geophones 102. The geophones 102 are respectively mounted on hydraulic supports of the working face and densely arranged at the end of the tunnel. The mining seismic advance detection module 10 uses a one-transmit-multiple-receiver, fixed receiving arrangement, and continuous acquisition to achieve geological detection of the advance area.

[0039] The intelligent drilling module 11 realizes the geological conditions of the advanced area and the top plate of the tunnel while drilling, and realizes the rapid and accurate layout of the top plate cutting drilling holes, anchor cable drilling holes, and grouting drilling holes through real-time tracking and correction of the drilling trajectory.

[0040] The roof reinforcement module 12 includes an anchoring device and a grouting device. The anchoring device can realize the automatic hanging of the roadway anchor net and the automatic installation and pre-tightening of the anchor cable, and the grouting device can realize the effective grouting reinforcement of the weak and broken rock mass in the area affected by the collapse column.

[0041] The door-type top-control side support module 13 includes a top support device and a side support device, such as Figure 3As shown, the top support device includes a top beam 131, a connecting beam 132, a vertical hydraulic cylinder 133 and a base 134. Multiple top beams 131 and connecting beams 132 are arranged in parallel. The top beam 131 is vertically connected to the connecting beam 132. Multiple vertical hydraulic cylinders 133 are arranged, which are respectively arranged on both sides below each top beam 131. The base 134 is arranged below the vertical hydraulic cylinder 133. The side support device includes a lateral hydraulic cylinder 135, a baffle 136 and a connecting rod 137. Multiple lateral hydraulic cylinders 135 are arranged, and one side of each lateral hydraulic cylinder 135 is connected to the top of the top beam 131 and the other side is connected to the baffle 136. One side of the connecting rod 137 is connected to the baffle 136 and the other side is connected to the base 134.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for mining and forming a lane without coal pillars across the collapse pillar, the steps comprising:

[0043] Seismic advance detection during mining

[0044] The mining seismic advance detection module 10 is used for mining seismic advance detection. The coal mining machine source 101 generates vibrations during coal cutting and working face advancement, and the detector 102 receives the signal to achieve geological detection of the working face advance area, especially the advance area of ​​the tunnel and drift, and make a preliminary judgment on the scope and nature of the collapse column 8.

[0045] Intelligent drilling geological review

[0046] After the mining-advanced seismic detection module 10 completes the preliminary judgment on the scope and properties of the collapse column, the intelligent drilling module 11 is used to drill the collapse column area ahead of the tunnel. The rotation speed change of the drill bit of the intelligent drilling module 11 in different rock types is used to realize the intelligent acquisition of rock property parameters while drilling, and the detection results of the mining-advanced seismic detection module are reviewed to realize accurate detection of the impact range of the collapse column 8 area and the rock properties.

[0047] Three-dimensional grouting and constant resistance anchoring of deep and shallow holes on the roof

[0048] In the area affected by the collapse column, the intelligent drilling module 11 is used to drill holes for grouting and anchor cable drilling on the top plate, such as Figure 5 As shown. The grouting drilling includes a grouting deep hole 14 and a grouting shallow hole 15. After the arrangement is completed, the top plate reinforcement module 12 is used to sequentially perform grouting construction on the top plate grouting deep hole 14 and the grouting shallow hole 15 to form a stable top plate grouting area 16, so as to achieve three-dimensional reinforcement of the top plate in the area of ​​the collapse column 8. After the grouting is completed, constant resistance anchoring is performed. The constant resistance anchoring includes the automatic hanging of the roadway anchor net 17 by the top plate reinforcement module 12, and the automatic installation and pre-tightening of the anchor rod 18 and the constant resistance anchor cable 19.

[0049] Directional cutting and top drilling intelligent drilling

[0050] The intelligent drilling module 11 is used to arrange the top plate cutting drill hole 20, such as Figure 5 As shown, the top cutting borehole 20 is tracked and corrected in real time during the layout process to ensure that the multiple top cutting boreholes have the same inclination angle and are in a straight line along the direction of the tunnel. The top plate lithology is detected and fed back in real time during the drilling process, and the drilling depth of the top cutting borehole 20 is adjusted in real time according to the lithology to fully ensure the final directional top cutting pressure relief effect.

[0051] Directed Liquid Carbon Dioxide Phase Change Fracturing Pressure Relief

[0052] After the top cutting borehole 20 is arranged, directional liquid carbon dioxide phase change fracturing devices are installed according to the depth of the top cutting borehole 20 to carry out directionally fracturing of the coal seam roof in the collapse column 8 area, cut off the connection between the goaf roof and the roadway roof, and realize directional top cutting and pressure relief.

[0053] Rear door type top control and side guard support

[0054] After the directional top cutting and pressure relief is completed, a portal-type top-controlled side support module 13 is installed in the tunneling area. After the top beam 131 and the connecting beam 132 are connected and fixed, the vertical hydraulic cylinder 133 is raised to support the tunnel roof, and the lateral hydraulic cylinder 135 is lowered to enable the baffle 136 to support the side of the goaf gangue tunnel, so as to fully ensure the support strength of the top and side of the tunneling area, realize safe tunneling across the collapse column area, and ensure the safety of the remaining tunnel and the final tunneling effect.

[0055] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned coal pillar-free mining and tunneling system and method across the collapse column, realizes automatic tunneling during the mining process, avoids premature tunnel excavation, shortens tunnel exposure time, and at the same time, improves the coal resource recovery rate by eliminating coal pillars, solves the stress concentration problem, optimizes stress distribution, and improves the safety and stability of tunnels in the collapse column area.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal pillar-free mining system across a subsidence column, characterized in that: It includes a mining seismic advance detection module, an intelligent drilling module, a roof reinforcement module and a door-type top control and side support module. The mining seismic advance detection module is arranged at the working face position, the intelligent drilling module and the roof reinforcement module are both arranged at the end position of the lane, and the door-type top control and side support module is arranged behind the roof reinforcement module. The mining seismic advance detection module includes a coal mining machine seismic source and a plurality of detectors, the detectors are respectively installed on the hydraulic supports of the working face and are densely arranged at the end of the lane; The roof reinforcement module includes an anchoring device and a grouting device; The door-type top-control side support module includes a top support device and a side support device; The top support device comprises a top beam, a connecting beam, a vertical hydraulic cylinder and a base, wherein the top beam and the connecting beam are both provided in parallel in multiple numbers, the top beam is vertically connected to the connecting beam, the vertical hydraulic cylinder is provided in multiple numbers, and is respectively provided on both sides below each top beam, and the base is provided below the vertical hydraulic cylinder; The side support device includes a lateral hydraulic cylinder, a baffle and a connecting rod. There are multiple lateral hydraulic cylinders, each of which is connected to the top beam on one side and the baffle on the other side. The connecting rod is connected to the baffle on one side and the base on the other side.

2. A method for mining a laneway without coal pillars across a collapse pillar, using a system for mining a laneway without coal pillars across a collapse pillar as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the steps include: S1. Use the mining seismic advance detection module to conduct mining seismic advance detection. The seismic source of the coal mining machine generates vibrations during the process of coal cutting and working face advancement, and the detector receives the signal to achieve geological detection of the leading area of ​​the working face, especially the leading area of ​​the tunnel, and make a preliminary judgment on the scope and nature of the collapse column; S2. Use the intelligent drilling module to drill the area of ​​the advanced collapse column in the tunnel, and review the detection results of the seismic advance detection module during mining to achieve accurate detection of the impact range of the collapse column area and the properties of the rock mass; S3. Within the influence range of the collapse column area, the intelligent drilling module is used to carry out grouting drilling and anchor cable drilling layout on the top plate. The grouting drilling includes deep grouting holes and shallow grouting holes. After the layout is completed, the top plate reinforcement module is used to carry out deep and shallow hole three-dimensional grouting and constant resistance anchoring on the top plate; S4. Use the intelligent drilling module to arrange the top plate cutting drill holes. During the arrangement process, the top plate cutting drill holes are tracked and corrected in real time. During the drilling process, the top plate lithology is detected and fed back in real time, and the drilling depth of the top plate cutting drill holes is adjusted in real time according to the lithology. S5. Directional liquid carbon dioxide phase change fracturing devices are respectively installed according to the depth of the top cutting drilling holes to directionally fracture the coal seam roof in the collapse column area, cut off the connection between the goaf roof and the roadway roof, and realize directional top cutting and pressure relief; S6. Install a portal-type roof-control and side-protection support module in the tunneling area. After the top beam and the connecting beam are connected and fixed, raise the vertical hydraulic cylinder to support the tunnel roof, lower the lateral hydraulic cylinder, and use the baffle to support the side of the goaf gangue to achieve safe tunneling across the collapse column area.

3. A method for coal pillar-free mining and lane formation across subsidence pillars according to claim 2, characterized in that: The use of the roof reinforcement module for constant resistance anchoring in S3 includes: using the roof reinforcement module to automatically hang the tunnel anchor net, and automatically install and pre-tighten the anchor rods and constant resistance anchor cables.

4. A method for coal pillar-free mining and lane formation across subsidence pillars according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S4, the real-time hole formation trajectory tracking and correction of the top cutting holes are performed to ensure that the inclination angles of the multiple top cutting holes are the same and they are in a straight line along the direction of the tunnel.

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