Working method of construction equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a working method of construction equipment. The working method comprises a construction preparation method, a safety monitoring excavation method, a vertical face excavation method and a downward excavation method. The construction preparation method comprises the steps that an excavation contour line is designed according to the tunnel excavation requirement, and the contour line is marked with paint; the safety monitoring excavation method comprises the steps that excavation is conducted in a segmented mode, the distance between each segment of excavated road surface and the earth surface is measured during excavation, a sensor array is arranged on the earth surface, the vibration condition during excavation is monitored in real time, the influence on an earth surface building is evaluated, excavation is conducted along the contour line when safety regulations are met, and when rock is encountered, excavation is conducted along the contour line. A portion around the rock is excavated first.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of excavators, and in particular to a working method of construction equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economy, the demand for railway tunnel construction is also increasing. In addition to the commonly used shield tunneling machines, the market demand for tunneling machines with buckets for non-explosive excavation is also increasing. In the current field of mechanical construction, especially for industrial and civil buildings, water conservancy and hydropower projects, farmland transformation projects, oil field and port facility construction, transportation networks, mining operations and a series of modern military projects, the application of construction machinery is particularly critical and important. These projects generally rely on a series of high-performance mechanical equipment, including but not limited to tunneling equipment, loading machinery and tower cranes, etc., to ensure the improvement of construction efficiency, quality and safety. Because the tunneling machine has the characteristics of high technical integration, strong functional complexity, high work efficiency, strong operating capacity and wide application range, it can greatly reduce the physical labor burden of workers, while saving the cost of engineering construction, so that the project can be completed on time with quality and quantity guaranteed. At present, hydraulic tunneling machines are playing an increasingly important role in engineering construction.

[0003] In actual engineering practice, there are the following problems:

[0004] 1. In the prior art excavator, the arm performs a bending action to dig deep (such as the present invention Figure 3 ) When the actuator is in motion, a large torque is generated, which will cause a large load on related components, thereby reducing stability and shortening service life.

[0005] Second, in the prior art excavator, there are multiple pivot shafts, and when the corresponding pivot holes are worn, it is difficult to replace and maintain them because the pivot holes are connected to the base and other parts as a whole.

[0006] 3. Excavators in the prior art require different digging angles under different working conditions, for example Figure 1 In the case of excavation in a horizontal position such as a tunnel or a wall, the arm is set in a relatively horizontal position, such as Figure 3 The working condition of the curved arm digging the ground is shown, and the arm is set in a relatively curved position; the requirements under different working conditions are different. Figure 1 The working conditions shown require a more stable load-bearing capacity. Figure 3 The operating conditions shown need to be more flexible; there is a lack of easy means to switch to another operating condition after maintaining the same operating condition for a long time. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to overcome the above problems, the present invention proposes a solution to solve the above multiple problems at the same time.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a working method of a construction equipment, wherein the construction equipment comprises a main body and a crawler part; a main body is arranged above the crawler part, and the main body comprises a pivot seat, a first arm, a seat frame, a connecting seat, an outer cover, a second arm, a swing arm, a transmission rod, a third arm, and a telescopic cylinder; the first arm is pivotally connected to the pivot seat; the upper end of the first arm is connected to the seat frame, the seat frame is provided with a connecting seat, the connecting seat is provided with the second arm, and the upper end of the second arm is provided with the outer cover; one end of the swing arm is connected to the second arm, the other end of the swing arm is connected to one end of the transmission rod, the other end of the transmission rod is connected to the third arm, and the second arm is pivotally connected to the third arm;

[0009] The working method includes a construction preparation method, a safety monitoring excavation method, a facade excavation method, and a down-digging method; the construction preparation method includes designing an excavation contour line according to tunnel excavation requirements and marking the contour line with paint; the safety monitoring excavation method includes: excavating in sections along the contour line, measuring the distance between each section of the excavated road surface and the ground surface during excavation, arranging a sensor array on the ground surface, monitoring the vibration during excavation in real time, and evaluating the impact on the surface buildings, stopping excavation when it does not meet safety regulations, and when encountering rocks, first excavating the part around the rock; after excavating each section, cleaning the section;

[0010] The pivot seat comprises a circular disc, a seat body, a main plate, a sub-plate, an inner ring, a stopper, and a placement portion, wherein the sub-plate comprises a plate body and an outer ring portion; the seat body is arranged on the circular disc, a plate portion is respectively arranged at both ends of the seat body, an inner ring is arranged on each plate portion, the inner ring is arranged at a distance from the circular disc, a main plate is respectively arranged at both sides of the seat body, a sub-plate is detachably attached to the outer side of each main plate, the plate body of the sub-plate comprises at least two arc surfaces, the lower end of the plate body of the sub-plate is connected to the outer ring portion, the thickness of the outer ring portion is greater than the thickness of the inner ring, the stopper is connected to the outer ring portion, and the stopper is also detachably connected to the inner ring, a placement portion is attached to the outer side of the main plate, and the placement portion is located below the sub-plate;

[0011] The main body also includes a triangular block, which is attached to the rear of the outer cover and is also connected to the rear end of the second arm. A top plate is arranged above the outer cover, a limit portion is arranged inside the outer cover, an adjustment portion is detachably connected above the limit portion, an opening is arranged in front of the outer cover, and the adjustment portion can be placed into the outer cover through the opening; the telescopic cylinder passes through the opening and one end is fixed inside the outer cover, and the execution end of the telescopic cylinder drives the transmission rod to move;

[0012] The facade excavation method includes: setting the adjustment part into the outer cover through the opening to form a support for the telescopic cylinder, and excavating the vertical facade in this state; the downward excavation method includes: connecting the block with the inner ring and the outer ring to form a rotation limiting structure, and excavating in this state.

[0013] Preferably, the stopper is detachably connected to the outer ring portion.

[0014] Preferably, the top plate comprises a curved surface.

[0015] Preferably, the number of the rocker rods is two.

[0016] Preferably, a connecting shaft is provided between the two rocker arms.

[0017] Preferably, the transmission rod is connected to the connecting shaft.

[0018] Preferably, the execution end of the telescopic cylinder is connected to the connecting shaft.

[0019] Preferably, the executing end of the telescopic cylinder drives the transmission rod to move via the connecting shaft.

[0020] Preferably, the seat body includes a fixing block.

[0021] Preferably, one plate portion is provided at each end of the fixing block.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] Invention point 1, in response to the first point raised in the background technology, the adopted technical means is: in the prior art, a pivot seat is generally provided on the base of the excavator for connecting the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder. Invention point 1 sets a block in the pivot seat to limit the pivot angle of the main oil cylinder, thereby providing a more stable support to resist the larger torque caused by the bending action.

[0024] At the same time, a series of blocks of different sizes are set up to adapt to different limit angles, and a placement portion is further set on the support to place blocks of different sizes, so that there is no need to specifically go to the tool library to find blocks of different specifications, which facilitates quick replacement at the construction site.

[0025] Invention point 2: In response to the first point raised in the background technology, the second technical means adopted is: in the prior art, the telescopic cylinder generally pivots at one position, and the force it provides to the entire arm also originates from one point. Invention point 2 is to disperse the force or torque provided by this one point to multiple components. When the excavating arm digs deep and shakes the head, the force is more evenly dispersed through the triangular blocks, thereby providing a more stable and stronger structure.

[0026] Invention point three, in response to the second point raised in the background technology, the pivot seats in the prior art are all arranged on the base, and the present invention lifts the pivot seat away from the base to provide a larger disassembly and assembly space; at the same time, the pivot seat that is not easy to disassemble and assemble is decomposed into a fixed part and a disassembly part, and the disassembly part can be directly disassembled during disassembly; in addition, the wear when the shaft and the shaft hole are matched is mostly caused by the skewness of the shaft, so the wear of the shaft hole occurs at the outer edge of the shaft hole, so the invention point three arranges the disassembly and assembly part on the outside of the corresponding shaft hole, and when wear occurs, the wear position is located in the hole on the plate body of the sub-plate, and only the sub-plate needs to be disassembled and replaced, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly.

[0027] Invention point four, in response to the first and second points proposed in the background technology (i.e., invention point one and invention point three), invention point four makes an organic combination, and integrates the stopper mentioned in invention point one with the disassembly and assembly part (sub-plate) mentioned in invention point three through an overall structure, so that the stopper and the disassembly and assembly part form an organic whole, making the structure simpler, and realizing the functions of two parts through one component; at the same time, through the provision of the sub-plate, the strength of the main board is enhanced; in addition, through the provision of the outer plate, it can be directly connected to the circular ring on the pivot seat (in the prior art, only half of the ring can be connected to the plate, such as the fixed part, and a whole ring cannot be formed), thereby enhancing the strength and thickness of the pivot seat, and thus four functions are integrated through one component.

[0028] Invention point five, in response to the third point raised in the background technology, an adjustment part is provided under the telescopic cylinder to adjust the support height below the cylinder. After the adjustment part is raised, better support force can be provided for the cylinder. After the adjustment part is removed, a larger space can be provided for the cylinder to rotate flexibly, thereby providing a structure that is convenient for adjustment and disassembly and assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the first state of the excavating device of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the second state of the excavating device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the third state of the excavating device of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a structural detail diagram of the excavation device of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the pivot seat of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the upper middle arm portion of the present invention

[0036] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the arm part of the present invention

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the two-step excavation construction of the present invention.

[0038] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-step excavation construction of the present invention.

[0039] Fig.10 yes Fig. 9 Side View

[0040] Fig.11 This is the excavation process flow chart of the present invention

[0041] In the figure, the reference numerals are as follows:

[0042] 1. Cockpit; 2. Pivot seat; 3. First cylinder; 4. First arm; 5. Seat; 6. Second cylinder; 7. Connecting seat; 8. Third cylinder; 9. Outer cover; 10. Second arm; 11. Rocker arm; 12. Transmission rod; 13. Third arm; 14. Cutter row; 15. Bucket teeth; 16. Telescopic cylinder; 17. Disc; 18. Seat body; 19. Main board; 20. Plate body; 21. Inner ring; 22. Stopper; 23. Outer ring; 24. Triangular block; 25. Top plate; 26. Limiting part; 27. Adjusting part; 28. Opening; 29. ​​Placing part; 30. Inverted arch area; 31. Lower step working area; 32. TBM working area; 33. Middle step; 34. Upper step area; 35. Middle step area; 36. Lower step area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] As shown in the figure: a working method of a construction equipment, wherein the construction equipment comprises a main body and a crawler part; a main body is arranged above the crawler part, and the main body comprises a pivot seat, a first arm, a seat frame, a connecting seat, an outer cover, a second arm, a swing arm, a transmission rod, a third arm, and a telescopic cylinder; the first arm is pivotally connected to the pivot seat; the upper end of the first arm is connected to the seat frame, the seat frame is provided with a connecting seat, the connecting seat is provided with the second arm, and the upper end of the second arm is provided with the outer cover; one end of the swing arm is connected to the second arm, the other end of the swing arm is connected to one end of the transmission rod, the other end of the transmission rod is connected to the third arm, and the second arm is pivotally connected to the third arm;

[0044] The working method includes a construction preparation method, a safety monitoring excavation method, a facade excavation method, and a down-digging method; the construction preparation method includes designing an excavation contour line according to tunnel excavation requirements and marking the contour line with paint; the safety monitoring excavation method includes: excavating in sections along the contour line, measuring the distance between each section of the excavated road surface and the ground surface during excavation, arranging a sensor array on the ground surface, monitoring the vibration during excavation in real time, and evaluating the impact on the surface buildings, stopping excavation when it does not meet safety regulations, and when encountering rocks, first excavating the part around the rock; after excavating each section, cleaning the section;

[0045] The pivot seat comprises a circular disc, a seat body, a main plate, a sub-plate, an inner ring, a stopper, and a placement portion, wherein the sub-plate comprises a plate body and an outer ring portion; the seat body is arranged on the circular disc, a plate portion is respectively arranged at both ends of the seat body, an inner ring is arranged on each plate portion, the inner ring is arranged at a distance from the circular disc, a main plate is respectively arranged at both sides of the seat body, a sub-plate is detachably attached to the outer side of each main plate, the plate body of the sub-plate comprises at least two arc surfaces, the lower end of the plate body of the sub-plate is connected to the outer ring portion, the thickness of the outer ring portion is greater than the thickness of the inner ring, the stopper is connected to the outer ring portion, and the stopper is also detachably connected to the inner ring, a placement portion is attached to the outer side of the main plate, and the placement portion is located below the sub-plate;

[0046] The main body also includes a triangular block, which is attached to the rear of the outer cover and is also connected to the rear end of the second arm. A top plate is arranged above the outer cover, a limit portion is arranged inside the outer cover, an adjustment portion is detachably connected above the limit portion, an opening is arranged in front of the outer cover, and the adjustment portion can be placed into the outer cover through the opening; the telescopic cylinder passes through the opening and one end is fixed inside the outer cover, and the execution end of the telescopic cylinder drives the transmission rod to move;

[0047] The vertical surface excavation method includes: setting the adjustment part into the outer cover through the opening to form a support for the telescopic cylinder, and excavating the vertical surface in this state; the downward excavation method includes: connecting the block with the inner ring and the outer ring to form a rotation limiting structure to limit the swing angle of one end of the cylinder accommodated in the pivotal part composed of the outer ring and the inner ring, and downward excavation is carried out in this state.

[0048] As shown in the figure: the stopper is detachably connected to the outer ring portion. The top plate includes an arc surface. There are two swing arms. A connecting shaft is provided between the two swing arms. The transmission rod is connected to the connecting shaft. The execution end of the telescopic cylinder is connected to the connecting shaft. The execution end of the telescopic cylinder drives the transmission rod to move through the connecting shaft. The seat body includes a fixed block. A plate portion is provided at each end of the fixed block.

[0049] The above detailed description is a specific description of a feasible embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment is not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent implementation or modification that does not deviate from the present invention should be included in the patent scope of this case.

Claims

1. A working method of a construction equipment, wherein the construction equipment comprises the main body and the crawler part; the main body is arranged above the crawler part, and the main body comprises a pivot seat, a first arm, a seat frame, a connecting seat, an outer cover, a second arm, a swing arm, a transmission rod, a third arm, and a telescopic cylinder; the first arm is pivotally connected to the pivot seat; the upper end of the first arm is connected to the seat frame, the seat frame is provided with a connecting seat, the connecting seat is provided with the second arm, and the upper end of the second arm is provided with the outer cover; one end of the swing arm is connected to the second arm, the other end of the swing arm is connected to one end of the transmission rod, the other end of the transmission rod is connected to the third arm, and the second arm is pivotally connected to the third arm; Features: The working method includes a construction preparation method, a safety monitoring excavation method, a facade excavation method, and a down-digging method; the construction preparation method includes designing an excavation contour line according to tunnel excavation requirements and marking the contour line with paint; The safety monitoring excavation method comprises: excavating in sections along the contour line, measuring the distance between each section of the excavated road surface and the ground surface during excavation, arranging a sensor array on the ground surface, monitoring the vibration during excavation in real time, and evaluating the impact on the surface buildings, stopping the excavation when it does not meet the safety regulations, and when encountering rocks, first excavating the part around the rock; after excavating each section, cleaning the slag of the section; The pivot seat comprises a circular disc, a seat body, a main plate, a sub-plate, an inner ring, a stopper, and a placement portion, wherein the sub-plate comprises a plate body and an outer ring portion; the seat body is arranged on the circular disc, a plate portion is respectively arranged at both ends of the seat body, an inner ring is arranged on each plate portion, the inner ring is arranged at a distance from the circular disc, a main plate is respectively arranged at both sides of the seat body, a sub-plate is detachably attached to the outer side of each main plate, the plate body of the sub-plate comprises at least two arc surfaces, the lower end of the plate body of the sub-plate is connected to the outer ring portion, the thickness of the outer ring portion is greater than the thickness of the inner ring, the stopper is connected to the outer ring portion, and the stopper is also detachably connected to the inner ring, a placement portion is attached to the outer side of the main plate, and the placement portion is located below the sub-plate; The main body also includes a triangular block, which is attached to the rear of the outer cover and is also connected to the rear end of the second arm. A top plate is arranged above the outer cover, a limit portion is arranged inside the outer cover, an adjustment portion is detachably connected above the limit portion, an opening is arranged in front of the outer cover, and the adjustment portion can be placed into the outer cover through the opening; the telescopic cylinder passes through the opening and one end is fixed inside the outer cover, and the execution end of the telescopic cylinder drives the transmission rod to move; The facade excavation method includes: setting the adjustment part into the outer cover through the opening to form a support for the telescopic cylinder, and excavating the vertical facade in this state; the downward excavation method includes: connecting the block with the inner ring and the outer ring to form a rotation limiting structure, and excavating in this state.

2. A working method of construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stopper is detachably connected to the outer ring portion.

3. A working method of construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top plate includes a curved surface.

4. A working method of construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the swing rods is two.

5. A working method of construction equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: A connecting shaft is arranged between the two swing rods.

6. A working method of construction equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transmission rod is connected to the connecting shaft.

7. A working method of construction equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The execution end of the telescopic cylinder is connected to the connecting shaft.

8. A working method of construction equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The execution end of the telescopic cylinder drives the transmission rod to move through the connecting shaft.

9. A working method of construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seat body includes a fixing block.

10. A working method of construction equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The two ends of the fixing block are respectively provided with a plate portion.

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