A stepped phase change module for building ventilation and method of use

Abstract

The application discloses a stepped phase change module for building ventilation and a use method, belongs to the technical field of heat storage and transmission enhancement and building energy saving, and is used for improving the ventilation efficiency of building natural ventilation and solving the technical problems that heat floatage ventilation is limited in hot summer and cold winter areas and cold areas, and the solution is that the module comprises a multi-air channel structure which is composed of a wind valve, a stepped phase change filling component, a heat absorption layer and a thermal insulation material component, the stepped phase change filling component is used for enhancing heat storage and transmission performance, and the multi-air channel structure adjusts the operation mode through the wind valve. The stepped phase change module for building ventilation provided by the application can adjust the operation mode through the wind valve according to indoor demand, realizes building natural ventilation and heat supply, and reduces building energy consumption; meanwhile, the expanded fins and the stepped phase change heat storage structure can enhance heat storage and transmission, and improve heat storage efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of enhanced heat exchange and building energy conservation technology, specifically relating to a cascade phase change module for building ventilation and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] "Green building" has gradually become an important trend in the construction industry. Green building technology can apply renewable energy to buildings and is an important measure to achieve building energy conservation. Thermal buoyancy ventilation is an important form of natural ventilation. It uses the thermal pressure difference between the air in the building and the outdoor environment to enhance the building's natural ventilation. It is low in cost and low in carbon emissions, helps to create a more comfortable and reasonable building environment, and has a significant energy-saving effect.

[0003] In practice, common thermal buoyancy ventilation methods used in buildings include chimneys, ventilation towers, and atriums. When the indoor temperature is higher than the outdoor temperature, the pressure at the top of the building is higher than the pressure at the bottom. Indoor air enters through lower openings and flows out from the top, achieving natural ventilation. However, these structures have the following drawbacks:

[0004] When the indoor temperature is lower than the outdoor temperature (such as on cloudy days or at night), the indoor airflow is in the opposite direction. Similarly, in hot-summer-cold-winter regions and cold regions, the above ventilation methods cannot meet the indoor comfort requirements throughout the year and have many limitations in use;

[0005] People have tried to use phase change materials to store heat to extend the time of hot-press ventilation, but phase change materials have poor thermal conductivity, which often results in long heat storage / release time, uneven and insufficient melting of phase change materials, and finally uneven heating of air in the duct, affecting ventilation efficiency.

[0006] (3) Chimneys, ventilation towers, atriums and other ventilation forms together with the walls form part of the building envelope. These structural forms need to be considered and implemented from the building design stage, which undoubtedly complicates the building design and construction, and is not conducive to the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, improve the ventilation efficiency of buildings in natural ventilation, simplify the passive ventilation structure of buildings, and solve the technical problems of thermal buoyancy ventilation being limited in hot summers, cold winters, and cold regions, this invention provides a tiered phase change module for building ventilation and its usage method. This module can adjust the operating mode of the air valve according to outdoor climate conditions to achieve building ventilation and heating, thereby reducing building energy consumption. More importantly, by filling the extended finned components with phase change materials, the heat transfer of the phase change materials on the temperature gradient can be enhanced, improving energy storage efficiency and improving the indoor thermal and humidity environment.

[0008] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a tiered phase change module for building ventilation, comprising an upper air valve, a lower air valve, a transparent cover, a heat-absorbing layer, and insulation material components. The upper air valve includes an outer upper air valve, a middle upper air valve, and an inner upper air valve, and the lower air valve includes an outer lower air valve, a middle lower air valve, and an inner lower air valve, wherein:

[0009] The transparent cover is located on the side closer to the outside, and the thermal insulation material component is located on the side closer to the inside. The thermal insulation material component not only maintains the operation of the tiered phase change module but also serves as part of the enclosure structure to ensure indoor temperature. External upper and lower air valves are respectively located on the upper and lower parts of the transparent cover, and internal upper and lower air valves are respectively located on the upper and lower parts of the thermal insulation material component. The wall between the transparent cover and the thermal insulation material component is fixedly connected to the tiered phase change filling component via a fixed bracket. The tiered phase change filling component includes a primary extended finned phase change material filling component near the transparent cover and a secondary extended finned phase change material filling component near the thermal insulation material component. Both the primary and secondary extended finned phase change material filling components have extended fins inside. These extended fins enhance the heat conduction at the phase change material location. Furthermore, the primary extended finned phase change material filling component... The primary component is filled with a high-melting-point phase change material with a phase change temperature of 30℃~45℃. The secondary extended finned phase change material filling component is filled with a low-melting-point phase change material with a phase change temperature of 18℃~25℃. The primary and secondary extended finned phase change material filling components have longitudinally penetrating first internal multi-channels on their opposing sidewalls. The primary and secondary extended finned phase change material filling components have opposing sidewalls that are in close contact with each other or have second internal multi-channels. The upper and lower air valves are respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the primary extended finned phase change material filling component. The secondary extended finned phase change material filling component and the insulation material component have opposing sidewalls that are in close contact with each other or have internal air channels. The heat absorption layer is located on the outer sidewall of the primary extended finned phase change material filling component, and an external air channel is formed between the transparent cover and the heat absorption layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the extended fins are in the form of straight ribs, annular ribs, or spiral ribs, and the extended fins are arranged in a straight or staggered pattern. The number, form, and arrangement of the extended fins are determined according to the heat transfer characteristics of the phase change material.

[0011] Furthermore, both the high-melting-point phase change material and the low-melting-point phase change material are organic / inorganic composite phase change materials.

[0012] Furthermore, the fixing bracket is connected to the wall by bolts, and the connection between the fixing bracket and the wall is sealed.

[0013] A method of using a tiered phase change module for building ventilation as described above, wherein:

[0014] (a) During summer:

[0015] When the indoor cooling load is high, open the upper external air valve, the upper middle air valve, the lower middle air valve and the lower internal air valve, and close the lower external air valve and the upper internal air valve. At this time, the indoor air enters through the lower internal air valve, is heated through the external air duct, the first internal multi-air duct and the second internal multi-air duct and then discharged outdoors.

[0016] When the indoor cooling load is low, open the upper external air valve, the middle upper air valve and the lower internal air valve, and close the lower external air valve, the middle lower air valve and the upper internal air valve. At this time, the secondary extended finned phase change material filling component and the insulation material form the inner wall. The indoor air enters through the lower internal air valve, is heated through the first inner multi-air duct and the second inner multi-air duct, and is then discharged outdoors.

[0017] (II) During winter:

[0018] When the indoor heat load is high during the daytime in winter, open the middle and upper air valve, middle and lower air valve, inner upper air valve and inner lower air valve, and close the outer upper air valve and outer lower air valve. Indoor air enters through the middle and lower air valve and inner lower air valve, and is heated through the outer air duct, the first inner multi-air duct and the second inner multi-air duct before entering the room for heating.

[0019] When the indoor heat load is low during the daytime in winter, open the outer lower air valve, middle upper air valve, inner upper air valve and inner lower air valve, and close the outer upper air valve and middle lower air valve. Indoor air enters the room for heating after being heated through the first inner multi-air duct and the second inner multi-air duct by the inner lower air valve. At the same time, outdoor fresh air enters the room through the outer lower air valve, is heated through the outer air duct and then enters the room.

[0020] During winter nights, the inner upper and lower air valves are opened, while the outer upper, outer lower, middle upper, and middle lower air valves are closed. At this time, the transparent cover and the outer air duct form the building envelope. Indoor air enters through the inner lower air valve and, using the heat released by the condensation of the phase change material, is heated through the first and second inner multi-air ducts before entering the room for heating.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] 1) The fins in the primary extended fin type phase change material filling component and the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component can enhance the heat transfer rate of the phase change material in the direction of heat flux density and improve the energy storage and release efficiency.

[0023] 2) Using a tiered phase change filling component can keep the heat transfer temperature difference between the air and the phase change material in the air duct as constant as possible, and maintain a relatively constant heat flow to melt or solidify the phase change material, thereby improving the overall energy storage / release rate of the phase change material.

[0024] 3) The phase change temperature of high melting point phase change heat storage materials is 30℃~45℃, and the phase change temperature of low melting point phase change heat storage materials is 18℃~25℃, which is conducive to maintaining a comfortable room temperature of 16℃~28℃.

[0025] 4) Selecting organic / inorganic composite phase change materials can avoid the problems of supercooling, phase separation and thermal cycling performance degradation of inorganic hydrated salts during the heat storage process. It can also improve the thermal conductivity of phase change materials, enhance heat storage capacity, and achieve the purposes of easy solubility, stability and fire resistance.

[0026] 5) The use of a multi-channel, multi-control valve configuration is beneficial for matching the operating modes of the cascade phase change module under various working conditions, thereby reducing building energy consumption;

[0027] 6) The tiered phase change modules are fixed with bolts, which is easy to disassemble and install, reducing construction difficulty and facilitating later maintenance and cleaning;

[0028] 7) This module can be installed under the skylight to provide ventilation power using solar energy. It can also be used inside buildings to provide ventilation power using waste heat from the building. It is suitable for residential buildings, office buildings, shopping malls and industrial plants. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front sectional view of the cascade phase change module.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the tiered phase change module in Example 1;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the straight rib structure in the stepped phase change filling component in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ring rib structure in the stepped phase change filling component in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral rib structure in the stepped phase change filling component in Example 1;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the cascade phase change module under high summer cooling load.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the tiered phase change module under summer cooling load.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the cascade phase change module when the daytime heat load is high in winter.

[0037] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the operation of the cascade phase change module during the daytime heat load in winter;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the cascade phase change module during winter nights. Figures 6 to 10 The solid arrow in the middle indicates the wind direction;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the tiered phase change module in Example 2;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the straight rib structure in the stepped phase change filling component in Example 2;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the extended fin arrangement structure in the stepped phase change filling component in Example 2;

[0042] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the extended fin fork structure in the stepped phase change filling component in Example 2.

[0043] In the diagram, 1-outer upper air valve; 2-outer lower air valve; 3-middle upper air valve; 4-middle lower air valve; 5-inner upper air valve; 6-inner lower air valve; 7-transparent cover plate; 8-fixed bracket; 9-heat absorption layer; 10-first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component; 11-second-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component; 12-insulation material; Ⅰ-outer air duct; Ⅱ-first inner multi-air duct; Ⅱ'-second inner multi-air duct; Ⅲ-inner air duct. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0045] like Figure 1 The illustrated tiered phase change module for building ventilation includes an upper air valve, a lower air valve, a transparent cover plate 7, a heat-absorbing layer 9, and an insulation material component 12. The upper air valve includes an outer upper air valve 1, a middle upper air valve 3, and an inner upper air valve 5. The lower air valve includes an outer lower air valve 2, a middle lower air valve 4, and an inner lower air valve 6, wherein:

[0046] The transparent cover plate 7 is located on the side closer to the outside, and the thermal insulation material component 12 is located on the side closer to the inside. The external upper air valve 1 and external lower air valve 2 are respectively located on the upper and lower parts of the transparent cover plate 7, and the internal upper air valve 5 and internal lower air valve 6 are respectively located on the upper and lower parts of the thermal insulation material component 12. The wall between the transparent cover plate 7 and the thermal insulation material component 12 is fixedly connected to the stepped phase change filling component via a fixing bracket 8. The fixing bracket 8 is connected to the wall via bolts, and the connection point between the fixing bracket 8 and the wall is sealed. The stepped phase change filling component includes... The primary extended-fin type phase change material filling component 10 is located near the transparent cover plate 7, and the secondary extended-fin type phase change material filling component 11 is located near the insulation material component 12. Both the primary extended-fin type phase change material filling component 10 and the secondary extended-fin type phase change material filling component 11 have extended fins inside. The extended fins can be straight ribs, annular ribs, or spiral ribs, and their arrangement can be linear or staggered. The number, form, and arrangement of the extended fins are determined according to the heat transfer characteristics of the phase change material. The primary extended-fin type phase change material filling component 10... The primary finned phase change material filling component 10 is filled with a high-melting-point phase change material with a phase change temperature of 30℃~45℃. The secondary extended finned phase change material filling component 11 is filled with a low-melting-point phase change material with a phase change temperature of 18℃~25℃. Both the high-melting-point and low-melting-point phase change materials are organic / inorganic composite phase change materials. The primary extended finned phase change material filling component 10 and the secondary extended finned phase change material filling component 11 are respectively provided with longitudinally penetrating first internal multi-channel II on their opposite sidewalls. The sidewalls of the material filling component 10 and the secondary extended finned phase change material filling component 11 are tightly attached to each other or are provided with a second internal multi-channel II'. The upper and middle air valves 3 and the lower and middle air valves 4 are respectively provided on the upper and lower parts of the primary extended finned phase change material filling component 10. The sidewalls of the secondary extended finned phase change material filling component 11 and the insulation material component 12 are tightly attached to each other or are provided with an internal air channel III. The heat absorption layer 9 is provided on the outer sidewall of the primary extended finned phase change material filling component 10, and an external air channel I is formed between the transparent cover plate 7 and the heat absorption layer 9. Example 1

[0047] like Figures 2 to 5 The illustrated tiered phase change module for building ventilation includes an upper air valve, a lower air valve, a transparent cover plate 7, a heat-absorbing layer 9, and an insulation material component 12. The upper air valve includes an outer upper air valve 1, a middle upper air valve 3, and an inner upper air valve 5. The lower air valve includes an outer lower air valve 2, a middle lower air valve 4, and an inner lower air valve 6, wherein:

[0048] The transparent cover plate 7 is located on the side closer to the outside, the thermal insulation material component 12 is located on the side closer to the inside, the external upper air valve 1 and the external lower air valve 2 are respectively located on the upper and lower parts of the transparent cover plate 7, and the internal upper air valve 5 and the internal lower air valve 6 are respectively located on the upper and lower parts of the thermal insulation material component 12.

[0049] The wall between the transparent cover plate 7 and the thermal insulation material component 12 is fixedly connected to the stepped phase change filling component via a fixing bracket 8. The fixing bracket 8 is connected to the wall via bolts, and the connection between the fixing bracket 8 and the wall is sealed. The stepped phase change filling component includes a primary extended fin type phase change material filling component 10 near the transparent cover plate 7 and a secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component 11 near the thermal insulation material component 12. Both the primary extended fin type phase change material filling component 10 and the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component 11 have extended fins inside. The extended fins can be in the form of straight ribs (such as...). Figure 3 As shown), ring ribs (such as...) Figure 4 (as shown) or spiral ribs (such as) Figure 5 As shown), the extended fins are arranged in a linear fashion. The first-stage extended fin phase change material filling component 10 is filled with a high-melting-point phase change material with a phase change temperature of 30℃~45℃. The second-stage extended fin phase change material filling component 11 is filled with a low-melting-point phase change material with a phase change temperature of 18℃~25℃. Both the high-melting-point and low-melting-point phase change materials are organic / inorganic composite phase change materials. The first-stage extended fin phase change material filling component 10 and the second-stage extended fin phase change material filling component 11 are respectively provided with longitudinally penetrating first internal multi-channel II on their opposite sidewalls. In this embodiment 1, a second internal multi-channel II' is provided between the opposite sidewalls of the primary extended finned phase change material filling component 10 and the secondary extended finned phase change material filling component 11. The upper and lower air valves 3 and 4 are respectively provided on the upper and lower parts of the primary extended finned phase change material filling component 10. In this embodiment 1, the heat insulation material component 12 is fixedly installed on the outer sidewall of the secondary extended finned phase change material filling component 11 (i.e., tightly attached to each other). The heat absorption layer 9 is provided on the outer sidewall of the primary extended finned phase change material filling component 10, and an external air channel I is formed between the transparent cover plate 7 and the heat absorption layer 9.

[0050] The invention will now be further described based on its summer and winter operating conditions.

[0051] I. During summer:

[0052] like Figure 6As shown, when the indoor cooling load is large, open the external upper air valve 1, middle upper air valve 3, middle lower air valve 4 and internal lower air valve 6, and close the external lower air valve 2 and internal upper air valve 5. At this time, the indoor air passes through the internal lower air valve 6, is heated through the external air duct I, the first internal multi-air duct II and the second internal multi-air duct II' and then discharged to the outside.

[0053] like Figure 7 As shown, when the indoor cooling load is small, the outer upper air valve 1, the middle upper air valve 3 and the inner lower air valve 6 are opened, and the outer lower air valve 2, the middle lower air valve 4 and the inner upper air valve 5 are closed. At this time, the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component 11 and the insulation material component 12 form the inner wall. The indoor air passes through the inner lower air valve 6, is heated by the first inner multi-air duct II and the second inner multi-air duct II' and then discharged to the outside.

[0054] The main function of this operating mode is to enhance indoor natural ventilation and meet the requirements of human thermal comfort.

[0055] II. During winter:

[0056] like Figure 8 As shown, when the indoor heat load is high during the day in winter, the middle and upper air valve 3, the middle and lower air valve 4, the inner upper air valve 5 and the inner lower air valve 6 are opened, and the outer upper air valve 1 and the outer lower air valve 2 are closed. The indoor air passes through the middle and lower air valve 4 and the inner lower air valve 6, and is heated by the outer air duct I, the first inner multi-air duct II and the second inner multi-air duct II' before entering the room for heating.

[0057] like Figure 9 As shown, when the indoor heat load is low during the day in winter, open the outer lower air valve 2, the middle upper air valve 3, the inner upper air valve 5 and the inner lower air valve 6, and close the outer upper air valve 1 and the middle lower air valve 4. The indoor air enters the room for heating after being heated through the first inner multi-air duct II and the second inner multi-air duct II' by passing through the inner lower air valve 6. At the same time, the outdoor fresh air enters the room after being heated through the outer air duct I by passing through the outer lower air valve 2, thus maintaining the indoor thermal comfort.

[0058] like Figure 10 As shown, on winter nights, in order to reduce heat loss of the air in the passage, the inner upper air valve 5 and inner lower air valve 6 are opened, and the outer upper air valve 1, outer lower air valve 2, middle upper air valve 3 and middle lower air valve 4 are closed. At this time, the transparent cover plate 7 and the outer air duct I form the building envelope structure, which enhances the building insulation effect. The heat released by the condensation of the phase change material is used to heat the indoor air through the inner lower air valve 6, the first inner multi-air duct II and the second inner multi-air duct II' before entering the room for heating.

[0059] This operating mode serves as a supplement to the heating system, reducing building energy consumption. Example 2

[0060] like Figures 11 to 14The illustrated tiered phase change module for building ventilation includes an upper air valve, a lower air valve, a transparent cover plate 7, a heat-absorbing layer 9, and an insulation material component 12. The upper air valve includes an outer upper air valve 1, a middle upper air valve 3, and an inner upper air valve 5. The lower air valve includes an outer lower air valve 2, a middle lower air valve 4, and an inner lower air valve 6, wherein:

[0061] The transparent cover plate 7 is located on the side closer to the outside, the thermal insulation material component 12 is located on the side closer to the inside, the external upper air valve 1 and the external lower air valve 2 are respectively located on the upper and lower parts of the transparent cover plate 7, and the internal upper air valve 5 and the internal lower air valve 6 are respectively located on the upper and lower parts of the thermal insulation material component 12.

[0062] The wall between the transparent cover plate 7 and the thermal insulation material component 12 is fixedly connected to the stepped phase change filling component via a fixing bracket 8. The fixing bracket 8 is connected to the wall via bolts, and the connection between the fixing bracket 8 and the wall is sealed. The stepped phase change filling component includes a primary extended fin type phase change material filling component 10 near the transparent cover plate 7 and a secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component 11 near the thermal insulation material component 12. Both the primary extended fin type phase change material filling component 10 and the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component 11 have extended fins inside. In this embodiment 2, the extended fins are all in the form of straight ribs (such as...). Figure 12 As shown), the arrangement of the extended fins can be in a straight line (e.g., Figure 13 As shown), fork (as shown) Figure 14 As shown), the first-stage extended finned phase change material filling component 10 is filled with high-melting-point phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the high-melting-point phase change material is 30℃~45℃. The second-stage extended finned phase change material filling component 11 is filled with low-melting-point phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the low-melting-point phase change material is 18℃~25℃. Both the high-melting-point phase change material and the low-melting-point phase change material are organic / inorganic composite phase change materials.

[0063] In this embodiment 2, the opposing sidewalls of the primary extended finned phase change material filling component 10 and the secondary extended finned phase change material filling component 11 are respectively provided with longitudinally penetrating first internal multi-channel II. In this embodiment 2, the opposing sidewalls of the primary extended finned phase change material filling component 10 and the secondary extended finned phase change material filling component 11 are closely attached to each other. The upper and lower air valves 3 and 4 are respectively provided on the upper and lower parts of the primary extended finned phase change material filling component 10. In this embodiment 2, an internal channel III is provided between the thermal insulation material component 12 and the secondary extended finned phase change material filling component 11. The heat absorption layer 9 is provided on the outer sidewall of the primary extended finned phase change material filling component 10, and an external air channel I is formed between the transparent cover plate 7 and the heat absorption layer 9.

[0064] In this embodiment 2, the method of controlling the opening and closing of the air valve according to the season and day / night is the same as in embodiment 1.

[0065] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of using a tiered phase change module for building ventilation, characterized in that: (a) During summer: When the indoor cooling load is large, open the outer upper air valve (1), middle upper air valve (3), middle lower air valve (4) and inner lower air valve (6), and close the outer lower air valve (2) and inner upper air valve (5). At this time, the indoor air enters through the inner lower air valve (6), is heated through the outer air duct (Ⅰ), the first inner multi-air duct (Ⅱ) and the second inner multi-air duct (Ⅱ') and then discharged to the outside. When the indoor cooling load is low, open the outer upper air valve (1), middle upper air valve (3) and inner lower air valve (6), and close the outer lower air valve (2), middle lower air valve (4) and inner upper air valve (5). At this time, the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component (11) and the insulation material component (12) form the inner wall. The indoor air enters through the inner lower air valve (6), is heated by the first inner multi-air duct (II) and the second inner multi-air duct (II'), and is discharged to the outside. (II) During winter: When the indoor heat load is high during the day in winter, open the middle upper air valve (3), middle lower air valve (4), inner upper air valve (5) and inner lower air valve (6), and close the outer upper air valve (1) and outer lower air valve (2). Indoor air enters through the middle lower air valve (4) and inner lower air valve (6), and enters the room for heating after being heated by the outer air duct (Ⅰ), the first inner multi-air duct (Ⅱ) and the second inner multi-air duct (Ⅱ'). When the indoor heat load is low during the day in winter, open the outer lower air valve (2), middle upper air valve (3), inner upper air valve (5) and inner lower air valve (6), and close the outer upper air valve (1) and middle lower air valve (4). The indoor air enters the room for heating after being heated through the first inner multi-air duct (II) and the second inner multi-air duct (II') via the inner lower air valve (6). At the same time, the outdoor fresh air enters the room through the outer lower air valve (2), is heated through the outer air duct (I), and then enters the room. During winter nights, open the inner upper air valve (5) and inner lower air valve (6), and close the outer upper air valve (1), outer lower air valve (2), middle upper air valve (3) and middle lower air valve (4). At this time, the transparent cover plate (7) and the outer air duct (Ⅰ) form the building envelope structure. The indoor air enters through the inner lower air valve (6), and the heat released by the solidification of the phase change material is used to heat the air through the first inner multi-air duct (Ⅱ) and the second inner multi-air duct (Ⅱ') before entering the room for heating. The tiered phase change module for building ventilation includes an upper air valve, a lower air valve, a transparent cover (7), a heat-absorbing layer (9), and a thermal insulation material component (12). The upper air valve includes an outer upper air valve (1), a middle upper air valve (3), and an inner upper air valve (5). The lower air valve includes an outer lower air valve (2), a middle lower air valve (4), and an inner lower air valve (6). The transparent cover plate (7) is located on the side closest to the outside, and the thermal insulation material component (12) is located on the side closest to the inside. The external upper air valve (1) and the external lower air valve (2) are respectively located on the upper and lower parts of the transparent cover plate (7), and the internal upper air valve (5) and the internal lower air valve (6) are respectively located on the upper and lower parts of the thermal insulation material component (12). The wall between the transparent cover plate (7) and the thermal insulation material component (12) is fixedly connected to the stepped phase change filling component through a fixed bracket (8). The stepped phase change filling component includes... The system includes a primary extended finned phase change material filling component (10) near the transparent cover plate (7) and a secondary extended finned phase change material filling component (11) near the insulation material component (12). Both the primary extended finned phase change material filling component (10) and the secondary extended finned phase change material filling component (11) have extended fins inside. The primary extended finned phase change material filling component (10) is filled with a high-melting-point phase change material, the phase change temperature of which is 30°C to 40°C. The interior of the secondary extended finned phase change material filling component (11) is filled with low-melting-point phase change material at 5℃. The phase change temperature of the low-melting-point phase change material is 18℃~25℃. The first longitudinally penetrating first internal multi-channel (Ⅱ) is respectively provided on the opposite sidewalls of the primary extended finned phase change material filling component (10) and the secondary extended finned phase change material filling component (11). The opposite sidewalls of the primary extended finned phase change material filling component (10) and the secondary extended finned phase change material filling component (11) are tightly attached to each other or set with There is a second internal multi-channel (Ⅱ'), the upper and middle air valves (3) and the lower and middle air valves (4) are respectively set on the upper and lower parts of the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component (10), the side walls of the second-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component (11) and the insulation material component (12) are closely attached to each other or are provided with internal channels (Ⅲ); the heat absorption layer (9) is set on the outer side wall of the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component (10), and an external channel (Ⅰ) is formed between the transparent cover plate (7) and the heat absorption layer (9).

2. The method of using a tiered phase change module for building ventilation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extended fins are in the form of straight ribs, ring ribs, or spiral ribs, and the extended fins are arranged in a straight or staggered pattern. The number, form, and arrangement of the extended fins are determined according to the heat transfer characteristics of the phase change material.

3. The method of using a tiered phase change module for building ventilation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the high-melting-point phase change material and the low-melting-point phase change material are organic / inorganic composite phase change materials.

4. The method of using a tiered phase change module for building ventilation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed bracket (8) is connected to the wall by bolts, and the connection between the fixed bracket (8) and the wall is sealed.

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