A data transmission method and a data transmission device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application disclose a data transmission method and a data transmission device. A relatively simple target polynomial is designed to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the auto-correlation and cross-correlation characteristics of the generated pilot symbols are good, and the DC balance is satisfied, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end. Specifically, the generated data frame includes N symbols in one polarization direction. Each consecutive M symbols among the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols. N = M × Q, where Q is an even number and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are generated by the target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj, where A is a real number. The Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application. The application number of the original application is 202310668432.9, and the original application date is June 6, 2023. The entire content of the original application is incorporated herein by reference; and the original application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application with an application number of 202211495134.6 and an invention title of "A Data Transmission Method and a Data Transmission Device" filed with the Chinese Patent Office on November 26, 2022, and its entire content is incorporated herein by application. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a data transmission method and a data transmission device. Background Art

[0003] Driven by 5G, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, etc., high-speed optical transmission networks are developing towards the direction of large capacity, packetization, and intelligence. Coherent optical communication systems use the amplitude, phase, polarization, and frequency of light waves to carry information. In order to combat the distortion of optical signals caused by dispersion, polarization-related impairments, noise, nonlinear effects, and other factors during transmission and maintain long-distance transmission, coherent optical communication systems usually add some designed fixed symbol sequences to the transmitted symbol sequence to facilitate the receiving end to recover the transmitted symbols.

[0004] The existing transmitted symbol sequences are mainly applied to the 400Gbps scenario and cannot adapt to future scenarios above 400Gbps (including 600Gbps, 800Gbps, etc.). Moreover, the existing technical solutions have the problem of relatively high hardware implementation complexity, which are all problems that need to be solved urgently in the future. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method and a data transmission device, design a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the self-correlation and cross-correlation characteristics of the generated pilot symbols are good, and the direct current balance is satisfied, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered by the receiving end.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method. The method applied to the sending end includes the following steps. First, a data frame is generated. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols. Among the N symbols, every consecutive M symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols. N = M × Q, where Q is an even number and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of the four complex numbers -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj, where A is a real number. The Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. Furthermore, the data frame is sent.

[0007] In this embodiment, in the data frame including N symbols, every consecutive M symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols, and N = M × Q. Among them, the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, and the Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. It can be seen that the present application designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and accordingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the auto - correlation and cross - correlation characteristics of the pilot symbols generated in the above - mentioned manner are good, and they satisfy DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of signal recovery at the receiving end.

[0008] In some possible embodiments, the target polynomial is one of the following items:

[0009] ^^^

[0010] x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1;

[0011] ^^^

[0012] x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1;

[0013] ^^^^

[0014] x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1;

[0015] ^^^^

[0016] x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1;

[0017] ^^^

[0018] x^10 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1;

[0019] ^^^

[0020] x 10 + x 5 + x 2 + x + 1;

[0021] ^^^

[0022] x 10 + x 8 + x 5 + x + 1;

[0023] ^^^

[0024] x 10 + x 9 + x 4 + x + 1;

[0025] ^^^^

[0026] x 10 + x 9 + x 5 + x 2 + 1;

[0027] ^^^

[0028] x 10 + x 9 + x 6 + x + 1;

[0029] ^^^^

[0030] x 10 + x 9 + x 7 + x 6 + 1;

[0031] ^^^^

[0032] x 10 + x 9 + x 8 + x 5 + 1;

[0033] ^^^^^

[0034] x 10 + x 8 + x 6 + x 5 + x 3 + x + 1;

[0035] ^^^^^

[0036] x 10 + x 8 + x 7 + x 3 + x 2 + x + 1;

[0037] ^^^^^

[0038] x 10 + x 8 + x 7 + x 6 + x 2 + x + 1;

[0039] ^^^^^^

[0040] x 10 + x 9 + x 7 + x 5 + x 4 + x 2 + 1;

[0041] ^^^^^^

[0042] x 10 + x 9 + x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + 1;

[0043] ^^^^^^

[0044] x 10 + x 9 + x 8 + x 7 + x 3 + x 2 + 1.

[0045] In some possible embodiments, each pilot symbol is located at the starting position of the consecutive M symbols where it is located.

[0046] In some possible embodiments, a sequence including Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction is different from a sequence including Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. This avoids the problem that the receiving end cannot distinguish between the two polarization directions during actual transmission.

[0047] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, and the correspondence relationship among the target polynomial, the seed in the first polarization direction, and the seed in the second polarization direction is one of the following items:

[0048] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0049] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0050] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0051] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0052] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x115, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08D;

[0053] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x08D, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0054] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0055] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0056] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0057] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0058] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0059] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0060] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0061] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0062] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0063] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0064] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0065] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0066] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0067] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0068] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0069] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x11E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x175;

[0070] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0071] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0072] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E1;

[0073] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0074] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x069;

[0075] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0076] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x069, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0077] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1C3, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0078] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36E;

[0079] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36A;

[0080] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x35E;

[0081] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1AF;

[0082] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^5 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3A7;

[0083] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x039;

[0084] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0085] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x039, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x295;

[0086] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x295, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0087] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^5 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03A;

[0088] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0089] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0090] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0091] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0092] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^6 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3CC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E2;

[0093] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x170, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0094] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0B8, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0095] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x299, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0096] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x354, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0097] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x17C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0098] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1AA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0099] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x06A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0100] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0101] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2A9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0102] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2F9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0103] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D5, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0104] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1F3;

[0105] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14B;

[0106] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x297;

[0107] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x12F;

[0108] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0109] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0110] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0111] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0ED;

[0112] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0113] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0114] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0115] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0116] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0117] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3AC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01A;

[0118] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0119] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0120] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0121] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3F4;

[0122] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1FA;

[0123] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3F4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0124] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0125] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x35C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0126] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0127] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x33A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0128] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0129] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2B9;

[0130] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1B9;

[0131] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x275;

[0132] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39D;

[0133] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x173;

[0134] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0135] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39B;

[0136] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x337;

[0137] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0138] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0139] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0140] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0141] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x130;

[0142] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x298;

[0143] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0144] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0145] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01F;

[0146] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0147] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0148] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0149] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0150] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0151] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0152] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x34C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0153] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x282, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261.

[0154] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x049, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x115, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0155] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0156] A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj;

[0157] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0158] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0159] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x12A, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x039, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0160] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0161] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0162] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0163] A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。

[0164] In some possible embodiments, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried and transmitted on multiple optical signals.

[0165] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two of the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each of the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0166] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by a first target polynomial and a first seed; in the second polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and a second seed. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by a second target polynomial and a third seed; in the second polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and a fourth seed.

[0167] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0168] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0169] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0170] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two of the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0171] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0172] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0173] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -√5, or √5.

[0174] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A = -1 or 1.

[0175] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which includes the following steps. First, a data frame is generated. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols. Each consecutive M symbols in the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols. N = M × Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers: -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj. A is a real number. The Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance, and the difference between the numbers of pilot symbols of -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj in the data frame is less than or equal to 2. Then, the data frame is sent.

[0176] In this embodiment, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, or A + Aj in the data frame differs by less than or equal to 2 pairwise. Moreover, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A + Aj, and the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A - Aj, effectively ensuring that the number of symbols in each polarization direction approaches balance and that the sequence formed by the pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end.

[0177] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols A + Aj is Alternatively, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols A + Aj is Alternatively, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols A + Aj is Alternatively, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols A + Aj is Wherein, represents rounding down the positive real number a.

[0178] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x175, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x03D, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0179] In some possible embodiments, the 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0180] A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj;

[0181] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0182] A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。

[0183] In some possible embodiments, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols A + Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols A + Aj is Alternatively, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols A + Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is where represents rounding down the positive real number a, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction.

[0184] In this embodiment, in the two polarization directions, the total number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is Q / 2, the total number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is Q / 2, the total number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is Q / 2, and the total number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Q / 2, effectively ensuring the balance of the number of symbols. In addition, it can also ensure that the sequence formed by the pilot symbols reaches DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end.

[0185] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96; where the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction.

[0186] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0187] A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj;

[0188] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0189] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0190] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96; wherein, the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0191] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0192] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0193] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0194] A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。

[0195] In some possible embodiments, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried and transmitted on multiplexed optical signals.

[0196] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two of the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each of the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0197] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by a first target polynomial and a first seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and a second seed. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by a second target polynomial and a third seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and a fourth seed.

[0198] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0199] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0200] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0201] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two of the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0202] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0203] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0204] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -√5, or √5.

[0205] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A = -1 or 1.

[0206] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method. The method applied to the receiving end includes the following steps. First, receive a data frame. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols. Each consecutive M symbols in the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols. N = M × Q, where Q is an even number and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers: -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj, where A is a real number. The Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. Then, process the data frame.

[0207] In this embodiment, in a data frame including N symbols, every consecutive M symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols, where N = M × Q. Among them, the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, the Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance, the order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. It can be seen that this application designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics of the pilot symbols generated in the above manner are good and satisfy DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end.

[0208] In some possible embodiments, the target polynomial is one of the following items:

[0209] ^^^

[0210] x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1;

[0211] ^^^

[0212] x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1;

[0213] ^^^^

[0214] x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1;

[0215] ^^^^

[0216] x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1;

[0217] ^^^

[0218] x^10 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1;

[0219] ^^^

[0220] x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1;

[0221] ^^^

[0222] x^10 + x^8 + x^5 + x + 1;

[0223] ^^^

[0224] x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1;

[0225] ^^^^

[0226] x^10 + x^9 + x^5 + x^2 + 1;

[0227] ^^^

[0228] x 10+x 9+x 6+x+1;

[0229] ^^^^

[0230] x 10+x 9+x 7+x 6+1;

[0231] ^^^^

[0232] x 10+x 9+x 8+x 5+1;

[0233] ^^^^^

[0234] x 10+x 8+x 6+x 5+x 3+x+1;

[0235] ^^^^^

[0236] x 10+x 8+x 7+x 3+x 2+x+1;

[0237] ^^^^^

[0238] x 10+x 8+x 7+x 6+x 2+x+1;

[0239] ^^^^^^

[0240] x 10+x 9+x 7+x 5+x 4+x 2+1;

[0241] ^^^^^^

[0242] x 10+x 9+x 8+x 4+x 3+x 2+1;

[0243] ^^^^^^

[0244] x 10+x 9+x 8+x 7+x 3+x 2+1.

[0245] In some possible embodiments, each pilot symbol is located at the starting position of the consecutive M symbols where it is located.

[0246] In some possible embodiments, the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction is different from the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. This avoids the problem that the receiving end cannot distinguish between the two polarization directions during actual transmission.

[0247] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, and the correspondence relationship between the target polynomial, the seed in the first polarization direction, and the seed in the second polarization direction is one of the following items:

[0248] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0249] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0250] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0251] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0252] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x115, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08D;

[0253] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x08D, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0254] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0255] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0256] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0257] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0258] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0259] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0260] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0261] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0262] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0263] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0264] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0265] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0266] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0267] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0268] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0269] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x11E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x175;

[0270] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0271] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0272] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E1;

[0273] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0274] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x069;

[0275] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0276] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x069, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0277] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1C3, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0278] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36E;

[0279] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36A;

[0280] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x35E;

[0281] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1AF;

[0282] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^5 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3A7;

[0283] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x039;

[0284] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0285] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x039, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x295;

[0286] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x295, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0287] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^5 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03A;

[0288] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0289] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0290] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0291] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0292] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^6 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3CC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E2;

[0293] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x170, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0294] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0B8, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0295] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x299, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0296] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x354, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0297] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x17C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0298] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1AA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0299] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x06A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0300] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0301] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2A9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0302] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2F9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0303] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D5, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0304] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1F3;

[0305] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14B;

[0306] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x297;

[0307] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x12F;

[0308] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0309] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0310] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0311] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0ED;

[0312] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0313] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0314] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0315] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0316] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0317] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3AC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01A;

[0318] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0319] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0320] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0321] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3F4;

[0322] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1FA;

[0323] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3F4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0324] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0325] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x35C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0326] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0327] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x33A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0328] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0329] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2B9;

[0330] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1B9;

[0331] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x275;

[0332] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39D;

[0333] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x173;

[0334] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0335] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39B;

[0336] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x337;

[0337] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0338] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0339] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0340] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0341] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x130;

[0342] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x298;

[0343] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0344] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0345] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01F;

[0346] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0347] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0348] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0349] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0350] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0351] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0352] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x34C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0353] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x282, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261.

[0354] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x049, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x115, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0355] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0356] A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj;

[0357] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0358] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0359] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x12A, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x039, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0360] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0361] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0362] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0363] A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。

[0364] In some possible embodiments, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried and transmitted on multiple optical signals.

[0365] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two of the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each of the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0366] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by a first target polynomial and a first seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and a second seed. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by a second target polynomial and a third seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and a fourth seed.

[0367] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0368] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0369] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0370] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two of the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0371] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0372] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0373] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A = -1, 1, -3, 3, or

[0374] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A = -1 or 1.

[0375] Fourthly, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method. The method applied to the receiving end includes the following steps. First, receive a data frame. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols. Each consecutive M symbols in the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols. N = M × Q, where Q is an even number and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers: -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj, where A is a real number. The Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. Then, process the data frame.

[0376] In this embodiment, the number of pilot symbols in the data frame being -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, or A + Aj respectively differ from each other by less than or equal to 2 pairwise. Also, the number of pilot symbols being -A - Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols being A + Aj, and the number of pilot symbols being -A + Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols being A - Aj, effectively ensuring that the number of symbols in each polarization direction approaches balance, and can also ensure that the sequence formed by the pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end.

[0377] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols being -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A + Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols being -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A + Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols being -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A + Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols being -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A + Aj is Among them, represents rounding down the positive real number a.

[0378] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x175, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x03D, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0379] In some possible embodiments, the 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0380] A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj;

[0381] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0382] A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。

[0383] In some possible embodiments, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols A + Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols A + Aj is Alternatively, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols A + Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is where represents rounding down the positive real number a, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0384] In this embodiment, in the two polarization directions, the total number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is Q / 2, the total number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is Q / 2, the total number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is Q / 2, and the total number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Q / 2, effectively ensuring the balance of the number of symbols. In addition, it can also ensure that the sequence formed by the pilot symbols reaches DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end.

[0385] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96; where the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0386] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0387] A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj;

[0388] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0389] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0390] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96; wherein, the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0391] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0392] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0393] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence as follows:

[0394] A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。

[0395] In some possible embodiments, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried and transmitted on a multiplexed optical signal.

[0396] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two of the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each of the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0397] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by a first target polynomial and a first seed; in the second polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and a second seed. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by a second target polynomial and a third seed; in the second polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and a fourth seed.

[0398] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0399] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0400] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0401] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two of the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0402] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0403] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0404] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -√5, or √5.

[0405] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A = -1 or 1.

[0406] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission device, which includes a processing unit and a sending unit. The processing unit is configured to: generate a data frame. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols. Each consecutive M symbols of the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols. N = M × Q, Q is an even number, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers: -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj. A is a real number. The Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. The sending unit is configured to: send the data frame.

[0407] In this embodiment, in a data frame including N symbols, every consecutive M symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols, where N = M × Q. Among them, the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. The Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. It can be seen that this application designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics of the pilot symbols generated in the above manner are good, and they satisfy DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of signal recovery at the receiving end.

[0408] In some possible embodiments, the target polynomial is one of the following items:

[0409] ^^^

[0410] x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1;

[0411] ^^^

[0412] x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1;

[0413] ^^^^

[0414] x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1;

[0415] ^^^^

[0416] x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1;

[0417] ^^^

[0418] x^10 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1;

[0419] ^^^

[0420] x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1;

[0421] ^^^

[0422] x^10 + x^8 + x^5 + x + 1;

[0423] ^^^

[0424] x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1;

[0425] ^^^^

[0426] x^10 + x^9 + x^5 + x^2 + 1;

[0427] ^^^

[0428] x 10+x 9+x 6+x+1;

[0429] ^^^^

[0430] x 10+x 9+x 7+x 6+1;

[0431] ^^^^

[0432] x 10+x 9+x 8+x 5+1;

[0433] ^^^^^

[0434] x 10+x 8+x 6+x 5+x 3+x+1;

[0435] ^^^^^

[0436] x 10+x 8+x 7+x 3+x 2+x+1;

[0437] ^^^^^

[0438] x 10+x 8+x 7+x 6+x 2+x+1;

[0439] ^^^^^^

[0440] x 10+x 9+x 7+x 5+x 4+x 2+1;

[0441] ^^^^^^

[0442] x 10+x 9+x 8+x 4+x 3+x 2+1;

[0443] ^^^^^^

[0444] x 10+x 9+x 8+x 7+x 3+x 2+1.

[0445] In some possible embodiments, each pilot symbol is located at the starting position of the consecutive M symbols where it is located.

[0446] In some possible embodiments, the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction is different from the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. This avoids the problem that the receiving end cannot distinguish between the two polarization directions during actual transmission.

[0447] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, and the correspondence relationship among the target polynomial, the seed in the first polarization direction, and the seed in the second polarization direction is one of the following items:

[0448] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0449] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0450] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0451] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0452] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x115, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08D;

[0453] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x08D, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0454] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0455] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0456] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0457] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0458] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0459] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0460] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0461] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0462] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0463] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0464] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0465] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0466] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0467] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0468] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0469] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x11E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x175;

[0470] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0471] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0472] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E1;

[0473] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0474] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x069;

[0475] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0476] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x069, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0477] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1C3, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0478] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36E;

[0479] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36A;

[0480] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x35E;

[0481] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1AF;

[0482] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^5 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3A7;

[0483] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x039;

[0484] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0485] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x039, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x295;

[0486] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x295, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0487] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^5 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03A;

[0488] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0489] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0490] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0491] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0492] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^6 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3CC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E2;

[0493] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x170, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0494] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0B8, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0495] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x299, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0496] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x354, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0497] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x17C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0498] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1AA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0499] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x06A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0500] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0501] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2A9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0502] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2F9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0503] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D5, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0504] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1F3;

[0505] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14B;

[0506] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x297;

[0507] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x12F;

[0508] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0509] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0510] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0511] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0ED;

[0512] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0513] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0514] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0515] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0516] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0517] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3AC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01A;

[0518] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0519] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0520] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0521] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3F4;

[0522] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1FA;

[0523] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3F4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0524] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0525] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x35C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0526] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0527] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x33A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0528] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0529] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2B9;

[0530] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1B9;

[0531] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x275;

[0532] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39D;

[0533] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x173;

[0534] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0535] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39B;

[0536] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x337;

[0537] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0538] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0539] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0540] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0541] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x130;

[0542] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x298;

[0543] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0544] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0545] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01F;

[0546] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0547] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0548] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0549] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0550] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0551] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0552] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x34C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0553] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x282, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261.

[0554] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x049, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x115, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0555] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0556] A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj;

[0557] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0558] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0559] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x12A, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x039, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0560] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are, in sequence:

[0561] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0562] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0563] A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。

[0564] In some possible embodiments, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried and transmitted on multiple optical signals.

[0565] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two of the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each of the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0566] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by a first target polynomial and a first seed; in the second polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and a second seed. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by a second target polynomial and a third seed; in the second polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and a fourth seed.

[0567] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0568] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0569] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0570] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two of the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0571] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0572] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0573] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A = -1, 1, -3, 3, or

[0574] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A = -1 or 1.

[0575] Sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission device, which includes: a processing unit and a sending unit. The processing unit is configured to: generate a data frame. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols. Among the N symbols, every consecutive M symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M-1 payload symbols. N = M×Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers: -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj. A is a real number. The Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The numbers of pilot symbols in the data frame that are -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj respectively differ from each other by less than or equal to 2. The sending unit is configured to: send the data frame.

[0576] In this embodiment, the numbers of pilot symbols in the data frame that are -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, or A + Aj respectively differ from each other by less than or equal to 2. And the number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj, and the number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj, effectively ensuring that the number of symbols in each polarization direction approaches balance, and also ensuring that the sequence formed by the pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end.

[0577] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Wherein, Denotes the floor function of the positive real number a.

[0578] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x175, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x03D, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0579] In some possible embodiments, the 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are, in sequence:

[0580] A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj;

[0581] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are, in sequence:

[0582] A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。

[0583] In some possible embodiments, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols A + Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols A + Aj is Alternatively, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols A + Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Wherein, represents rounding down the positive real number a, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction.

[0584] In this embodiment, in the two polarization directions, the total number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is Q / 2, the total number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is Q / 2, the total number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is Q / 2, and the total number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Q / 2, effectively ensuring the balance of the number of symbols. In addition, it can also ensure that the sequence formed by the pilot symbols reaches DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end.

[0585] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96; wherein, the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction.

[0586] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0587] A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj;

[0588] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0589] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0590] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96; wherein, the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0591] The 96 pilot symbols on the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0592] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0593] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0594] A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。

[0595] In some possible embodiments, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried and transmitted on a multiplexed optical signal.

[0596] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two of the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each of the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0597] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by a first target polynomial and a first seed; in the second polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and a second seed. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by a second target polynomial and a third seed; in the second polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and a fourth seed.

[0598] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0599] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0600] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0601] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two of the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0602] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0603] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0604] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -√5, or √5.

[0605] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A = -1 or 1.

[0606] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission device, which includes: a receiving unit and a processing unit. The receiving unit is configured to: receive a data frame. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols, and every consecutive M symbols of the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols. N = M × Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers: -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj, where A is a real number. The Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. The processing unit is configured to: process the data frame.

[0607] In this embodiment, in a data frame including N symbols, every consecutive M symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols, and N = M×Q. Among them, the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. The Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. It can be seen that this application designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics of the pilot symbols generated in the above manner are good and satisfy DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of signal recovery at the receiving end.

[0608] In some possible embodiments, the target polynomial is one of the following items:

[0609] ^^^

[0610] x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1;

[0611] ^^^

[0612] x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1;

[0613] ^^^^

[0614] x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1;

[0615] ^^^^

[0616] x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1;

[0617] ^^^

[0618] x^10 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1;

[0619] ^^^

[0620] x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1;

[0621] ^^^

[0622] x^10 + x^8 + x^5 + x + 1;

[0623] ^^^

[0624] x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1;

[0625] ^^^^

[0626] x^10 + x^9 + x^5 + x^2 + 1;

[0627] ^^^

[0628] x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1;

[0629] ^^^^

[0630] x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^6 + 1;

[0631] ^^^^

[0632] x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + 1;

[0633] ^^^^^

[0634] x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1;

[0635] ^^^^^

[0636] x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1;

[0637] ^^^^^

[0638] x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1;

[0639] ^^^^^^

[0640] x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1;

[0641] ^^^^^^

[0642] x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1;

[0643] ^^^^^^

[0644] x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1.

[0645] In some possible embodiments, each pilot symbol is located at the starting position of the consecutive M symbols where it is located.

[0646] In some possible embodiments, the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction is different from the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. This avoids the problem that the receiving end cannot distinguish between the two polarization directions during actual transmission.

[0647] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, and the correspondence relationship between the target polynomial, the seed in the first polarization direction, and the seed in the second polarization direction is one of the following items:

[0648] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0649] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0650] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0651] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0652] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x115, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08D;

[0653] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x08D, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0654] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0655] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0656] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0657] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0658] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0659] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0660] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0661] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0662] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^5 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0663] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0664] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0665] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0666] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0667] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0668] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0669] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x11E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x175;

[0670] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0671] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0672] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E1;

[0673] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0674] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x069;

[0675] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0676] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x069, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0677] Target polynomial: x^9 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1C3, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0678] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36E;

[0679] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36A;

[0680] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x35E;

[0681] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^5 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1AF;

[0682] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^5 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3A7;

[0683] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x039;

[0684] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0685] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x039, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x295;

[0686] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x295, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0687] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^5 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03A;

[0688] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0689] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0690] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0691] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^6 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0692] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^6 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3CC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E2;

[0693] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x170, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0694] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0B8, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0695] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x299, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0696] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x354, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0697] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x17C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0698] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1AA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0699] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x06A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0700] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0701] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2A9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0702] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2F9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0703] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D5, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0704] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1F3;

[0705] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14B;

[0706] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x297;

[0707] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^6 + x^5 + x^3 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x12F;

[0708] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0709] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0710] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0711] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0ED;

[0712] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0713] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0714] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0715] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0716] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0717] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3AC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01A;

[0718] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0719] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0720] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0721] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3F4;

[0722] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1FA;

[0723] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3F4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0724] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^8 + x^7 + x^6 + x^2 + x + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0725] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x35C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0726] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0727] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x33A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0728] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0729] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2B9;

[0730] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1B9;

[0731] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x275;

[0732] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39D;

[0733] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x173;

[0734] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0735] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39B;

[0736] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^7 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x337;

[0737] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0738] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0739] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0740] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0741] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x130;

[0742] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x298;

[0743] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0744] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0745] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01F;

[0746] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0747] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0748] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0749] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0750] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0751] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0752] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x34C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0753] Target polynomial: x^10 + x^9 + x^8 + x^7 + x^3 + x^2 + 1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x282, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261.

[0754] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^9 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x049, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x115, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0755] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0756] A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj;

[0757] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0758] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0759] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x12A, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x039, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0760] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0761] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0762] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence as follows:

[0763] A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。

[0764] In some possible embodiments, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried and transmitted on multiple optical signals.

[0765] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two of the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each of the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0766] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by a first target polynomial and a first seed; in the second polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and a second seed. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by a second target polynomial and a third seed; in the second polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and a fourth seed.

[0767] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0768] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0769] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0770] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two of the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0771] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0772] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0773] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -√5, or √5.

[0774] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A = -1 or 1.

[0775] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission device, which includes a receiving unit and a processing unit. The receiving unit is configured to: receive a data frame. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols. Each consecutive M symbols of the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols. N = M×Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers: -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj. A is a real number. The Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance, and the difference between the numbers of pilot symbols of -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj in the data frame is less than or equal to 2 pairwise. The processing unit is configured to: process the data frame.

[0776] In this embodiment, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, or A+Aj in the data frame differs by less than or equal to 2 pairwise. Moreover, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A+Aj, and the number of pilot symbols -A+Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A-Aj, effectively ensuring that the number of symbols in each polarization direction approaches balance, and can also ensure that the sequence formed by the pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of signal recovery at the receiving end.

[0777] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Wherein, represents rounding down the positive real number a.

[0778] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x175, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x03D, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction.

[0779] In some possible embodiments, the 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0780] A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj;

[0781] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are as follows in sequence:

[0782] A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。

[0783] In some possible embodiments, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols A + Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols A + Aj is Alternatively, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols A + Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj in the data frame is the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is where represents the floor function of the positive real number a, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction.

[0784] In this embodiment, in the two polarization directions, the total number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is Q / 2, the total number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is Q / 2, the total number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is Q / 2, and the total number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Q / 2, effectively ensuring the balance of the number of symbols. In addition, it can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols reaches DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end.

[0785] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96; where the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction.

[0786] The 96 pilot symbols on the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0787] A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj;

[0788] The 96 pilot symbols on the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0789] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0790] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96; wherein, the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0791] The 96 pilot symbols on the first polarization direction are successively:

[0792] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0793] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0794] A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。

[0795] In some possible embodiments, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried and transmitted on multiple optical signals.

[0796] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two of the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each of the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0797] In some possible embodiments, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by a first target polynomial and a first seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and a second seed. In the first polarization direction, Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by a second target polynomial and a third seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and a fourth seed.

[0798] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0799] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0800] In some possible embodiments, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame. The first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0801] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two of the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0802] In some possible embodiments, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0803] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0804] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -√5, or √5.

[0805] In some possible embodiments, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A = -1 or 1.

[0806] In the embodiments of the present application, in a data frame including N symbols, every consecutive M symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols, and N = M × Q. Among them, the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. The Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. It can be seen that the present application designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the auto-correlation and cross-correlation characteristics of the pilot symbols generated in the above manner are good and satisfy DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end. Description of the Drawings

[0807] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a communication system applied in an embodiment of this application;

[0808] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of an implementation manner of a transmitting - end DSP processor in an embodiment of this application;

[0809] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of another implementation manner of a transmitting - end DSP processor in an embodiment of this application;

[0810] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a process flow of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0811] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of a data frame in an embodiment of this application;

[0812] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of symbols on a constellation diagram in an embodiment of this application;

[0813] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the first pilot - symbol generation structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0814] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the second pilot - symbol generation structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0815] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of another structure of a data frame in an embodiment of this application;

[0816] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the third pilot - symbol generation structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0817] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the first implementation process of generating pilot symbols based on DP - 16QAM modulation in an embodiment of this application;

[0818] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of a related characteristic corresponding to a pilot symbol in an embodiment of this application;

[0819] Figure 13 Schematic diagram reflecting the autocorrelation characteristic and cross - correlation characteristic in an embodiment of this application;

[0820] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the fourth pilot - symbol generation structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0821] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the second implementation process of generating pilot symbols based on DP - 16QAM modulation in an embodiment of this application;

[0822] Figure 16Another schematic diagram of the relevant characteristics corresponding to the pilot symbol in the embodiment of the present application;

[0823] Figure 17 Another schematic diagram reflecting the autocorrelation characteristic and cross-correlation characteristic in the embodiment of the present application;

[0824] Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the transmission scenario of multiple data frame streams in the embodiment of the present application;

[0825] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the fifth pilot symbol generation structure in the embodiment of the present application;

[0826] Figure 20 Third implementation process schematic diagram of generating pilot symbols based on DP-16QAM modulation in the embodiment of the present application;

[0827] Figure 21 Another schematic diagram of the relevant characteristics corresponding to the pilot symbol in the embodiment of the present application;

[0828] Figure 22 Another schematic diagram reflecting the autocorrelation characteristic and cross-correlation characteristic in the embodiment of the present application;

[0829] Figure 23 A schematic diagram of the structure of a data transmission device applied to the sending end in the embodiment of the present application;

[0830] Figure 24 A schematic diagram of the structure of a data transmission device applied to the receiving end in the embodiment of the present application;

[0831] Figure 25 Another schematic diagram of the structure of the data transmission device in the embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0832] The embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method and a data transmission device, designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement. On the other hand, the generated pilot symbols have good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics and satisfy DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered by the receiving end.

[0833] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description, claims and the above-mentioned drawings of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, rather than to limit a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the above terms can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments described in the present application can be implemented in an order other than that described in the present application. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0834] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system applied in the embodiment of the present application. As Figure 1 shown, at the sending end, the information source provides the data stream to be sent. The encoder receives the data stream and encodes it. The encoded codeword information combining the parity bits and the information bits is sent to the digital signal processing (DSP) processor at the sending end for framing. After being transmitted through the channel, it reaches the receiving end. After receiving the distorted signal generated by noise or other impairments in the channel, the receiving end sends it to the DSP processor at the receiving end for operations such as dispersion compensation, synchronization, and phase recovery, and then decodes it through the decoder to recover the original data and send it to the information sink.

[0835] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an implementation manner of the DSP processor at the sending end in the embodiment of the present application. As Figure 2 shown, in a possible implementation manner, the DSP processor at the sending end performs symbol mapping on the received data sequence. Usually, the received data sequence is the information and parity sequence obtained through forward error correction (FEC). Among them, the symbol mapping methods include but are not limited to quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The DSP processor at the sending end also divides the data sequence into polarization symbols to obtain dual-polarization (DP) symbols, such as DP-QPSK, DP-8QAM, DP-16QAM, DP-32QAM, and DP-64QAM, etc. For the convenience of introduction, the two polarization directions will be uniformly denoted as the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction hereinafter, where the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction are orthogonal to each other. It should be understood that the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction are not two specified polarization directions, but any two mutually orthogonal polarization directions.

[0836] Furthermore, the transmitting DSP processor performs framing processing on a certain number of dual-polarization symbols as follows. Specifically, pilot symbols are inserted in the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction respectively to obtain a dual-polarization symbol sequence to be transmitted, which is called a frame. In this embodiment, it is called a data frame and can also be called a DSP frame.

[0837] It should be noted that after symbol mapping, the symbols can also be interleaved, and the interleaved symbols are subjected to the above framing processing. It should be understood that a dual-polarization symbol can be represented by two symbols, one symbol is in the X polarization direction and the other symbol is in the Y polarization direction. Each symbol can be represented by a complex number. For example, a symbol obtained by 16QAM modulation can be represented by any one of the following 16 complex numbers, ±1±1j, ±1±3j, ±3±1j, and ±3±3j, where ± means taking a positive value or a negative value, such as ±3 means 3 or -3. Here, j represents the imaginary unit, and in some scenarios, the imaginary unit may also be represented by other symbols such as i, which is not limited here. In some cases, normalization is performed on the real part and the imaginary part, but the essence remains unchanged. Further, a sequence with L dual-polarization symbols can be completely represented by two complex number sequences with a length of L, where one complex number sequence represents the symbols in the X polarization direction and the other complex number sequence represents the symbols in the Y polarization direction. Each complex number sequence with a length of L is represented by a real part sequence with a length of L (also called the I-channel sequence) and an imaginary part sequence with a length of L (also called the Q-channel sequence), and L is an integer greater than 1. Therefore, there are 4 types of different sequences, including the X polarization I-channel sequence, the X polarization Q-channel sequence, the Y polarization I-channel sequence, and the Y polarization Q-channel sequence.

[0838] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of another implementation manner of the transmitting DSP processor in the embodiment of the present application. As Figure 3 shown, different from Figure 2 the framing operation performed on symbols shown, in another possible implementation manner, before symbol mapping, the transmitting DSP processor inserts the bits corresponding to the pilot symbols in the received data sequence according to the adopted symbol mapping rule, and then through symbol mapping and polarization symbol division, a frame identical to the Figure 2 operation shown can be obtained. At this time, before symbol mapping, the bit sequence after inserting the bits corresponding to the above symbols can also be interleaved, and then through symbol mapping and polarization symbol division, a frame identical to the Figure 2 operation shown can be obtained.

[0839] It should be noted that the present application does not limit the specific framing method adopted by the transmitting DSP processor. In addition to the above Figure 2 and Figure 3In addition to the framing method introduced above, other similar framing methods are also applicable to this solution and will not be elaborated here one by one.

[0840] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that this data transmission method is applied to a sending end. For example, specifically, it can be implemented by the above-mentioned Figure 1 shown transmitting end DSP processor.

[0841] 401. Generate a data frame.

[0842] It should be noted that the present application does not limit the specific implementation manner of generating a data frame. For example, the above-mentioned Figure 2 or Figure 3 introduced framing method can be adopted. Of course, other similar framing methods are also applicable to this solution and will not be elaborated here one by one. It should be understood that the data frame includes symbols in two polarization directions, and the structures of the data frames in the two polarization directions are similar. For example, the data frame includes N symbols in the X polarization direction and N symbols in the Y polarization direction. Hereinafter, the structure of the data frame will be introduced by taking one of the polarization directions as an example.

[0843] Figure 5 FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a data frame in an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 5 shown, in one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols. Among the N symbols, every consecutive M symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols. Wherein, N = M×Q, Q is an even number, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. That is to say, every consecutive M symbols among the N symbols can be regarded as a group, and the N symbols altogether include Q groups of symbols. For example, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96. Symbols 1 - 64 are the first group of consecutive 64 symbols, symbols 65 - 128 are the second group of consecutive 64 symbols,..., symbols 6081 - 6144 are the 96th group of consecutive 64 symbols. It should be understood that the payload symbol can also be called a symbol before framing, and it includes information symbols and check symbols after FEC encoding. At the receiving end, the pilot symbol can be used to assist in carrier phase recovery and can also be used to distinguish between the two polarization directions.

[0844] It should be understood that the present application does not limit the specific position where the pilot symbol is located in each group of M symbols. As an example, each pilot symbol is located at the starting position of the consecutive M symbols where it is located. For example Figure 5 the first symbol in the data frame shown in FIG. 5 is the first pilot symbol.

[0845] It should be noted that the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj, where A is a real number. Among them, the degree of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8, so as to have a lower hardware implementation complexity. Moreover, the Q pilot symbols satisfy direct current balance, that is, the sum of the Q pilot symbols is 0, which means that the sum of the real parts of the complex numbers corresponding to the Q pilot symbols is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts is also 0, so as to achieve direct current balance and facilitate the receiving end to recover the signal quality.

[0846] 402. Transmit the data frame

[0847] The transmitted data frame will be transmitted through the channel and reach the receiving end. The specific operations after the receiving end receives the data frame will not be introduced in detail in this application. For details, reference can be made to Figure 1 the system structure diagram shown.

[0848] Next, the characteristics of the pilot symbols and the specific method of generating the pilot symbols will be introduced in detail.

[0849] In the embodiments of this application, the value of A is determined by the modulation format used when generating the symbols. In some actual application scenarios, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj are the symbols on the constellation diagram of the used modulation format. For example, when using QPSK, there are only four symbols. At this time, A = ±1, and each pilot symbol can be represented by one of -1 - 1j, -1 + 1j, 1 - 1j, and 1 + 1j. In a frame, the frame symbols represented by the four complex numbers will all exist. When using 16QAM, there are 16 symbols on the constellation diagram. At this time, A = ±1 or ±3.

[0850] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the symbols on a constellation diagram in the embodiments of this application. As Figure 6 shown, when A = 3 or -3, each pilot symbol can be represented by one of -3 - 3j, -3 + 3j, 3 - 3j, and 3 + 3j, such as the hollow symbols shown in Figure 6 Similarly, when using 64QAM, then A = ±1 or ±3 or ±5 or ±7. It should be noted that higher-order modulation formats can also be used, which will not be elaborated in this application. During actual transmission, using the 4 outermost symbols on the constellation diagram for the pilot symbols can make the probability of symbol error lower.

[0851] It should be noted that it is also possible to compress the symbols on the constellation diagram. Correspondingly, the value of A will also be compressed accordingly. Taking 16QAM as an example, after normalizing the power of the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation diagram, at this time, the values of the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation diagram become The value of A is or It is also possible to use other methods of normalization, which are not limited in this application.

[0852] It should be understood that when the pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj use the outermost 4 symbols on the constellation diagram, the sensitivity of the pilot symbols is relatively high, but the peak-to-average power ratio is relatively large; when the pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj use the innermost 4 symbols on the constellation diagram, the noise of the pilot is relatively small, but its sensitivity is relatively low.

[0853] It should be noted that in some actual application scenarios, the pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj may not be the symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used. They can be 4 symbols in the middle area between the outermost 4 symbols and the innermost 4 symbols on the constellation diagram. At this time, the pilot symbol noise and sensitivity are average, but the peak-to-average power ratio is relatively low. Taking 16QAM as an example, the values of the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation diagram are {±1 ± 1j, ±1 ± 3j, ±3 ± 1j, ±3 ± 3j}, and the value of the real number A satisfies 1 ≤ A ≤ 3. For example, the real number

[0854] In addition, the two polarization directions are orthogonal to each other, that is, when one polarization direction is the X polarization, the other polarization direction is the Y polarization; when one polarization direction is the Y polarization, the other polarization direction is the X polarization.

[0855] In the data frame, the sequence composed of Q pilot symbols in the X polarization direction is different from the sequence composed of Q pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction. For example, if the sequence of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction is -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, then in the same order, the sequence of pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction cannot be the same as it. It can be -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj. As long as there is one difference, it can avoid the problem that the receiving end cannot distinguish the two polarization directions during actual transmission.

[0856] In the embodiment of this application, when the target polynomial uses a 10th-order polynomial, this 10th-order polynomial can be expressed as:

[0857] x 10+a9×x 9 +a8×x 8 +a7×x 7 +a6×x 6 +a5×x 5 +a4×x 4 +a3×x 3 +a2×x 2 +a1×x + 1; where a9...a1 can take values of 0 or 1, and the number of non-zero values among a9...a1 is not greater than 6. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first pilot symbol generation structure in the embodiments of this application. As Figure 7 shown, each square can be regarded as a storage unit, and the number of storage units is the same as the number of bits in the pre-loaded seed, that is, each storage unit is used to input the corresponding bit in the seed. For example, if the seed length is 10 bits, it can be represented in binary form as m9, m8, m7, m6, m5, m4, m3, m2, m1, m0, then 10 corresponding storage units are adopted. Of course, the seed can also be represented in hexadecimal or decimal form, and it needs to be converted to binary form when performing operations with the target polynomial, such as: 0110111000 is represented as 0x1B8 in hexadecimal and 440 in decimal.

[0858] It should be noted that the polynomial x 10 +a9×x 9 +a8×x 8 +a7×x 7 +a6×x 6 +a5×x 5 +a4×x 4 +a3×x 3 +a2×x 2 +a1×x + 1 is sometimes also written as x^10 + a9×(x^9) + a8×(x^8) + a7×(x^7) + a6×(x^6) + a5×(x^5) + a4×(x^4) + a3×(x^3) + a2×(x^2) + a1×x + 1.

[0859] When the target polynomial is a 9th-order polynomial, this 9th-order polynomial can be expressed as:

[0860] x 9 +a8×x 8 +a7×x 7 +a6×x 6 +a5×x 5 +a4×x 4 +a3×x 3 +a2×x 2 +a1×x + 1; where a8...a1 can take values of 0 or 1, and the number of non-zero values among a8...a1 is not greater than 6.

[0861] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the second pilot symbol generation structure in the embodiments of the present application. As Figure 8 shown, the seed length is 9 bits, which can be represented in binary form as m8, m7, m6, m5, m4, m3, m2, m1, m0. Of course, the seed can also be represented in hexadecimal or decimal form and needs to be converted to binary form when operating with the target polynomial.

[0862] It should be noted that an algebraic expression composed of the addition (or subtraction) of several monomials is called a polynomial. Each monomial in the polynomial is called a term of the polynomial, and the order (degree, also known as the number of times) of the highest term among these monomials is the order of this polynomial. The number of terms of a polynomial refers to the number of the above monomials with non-zero coefficients; for example, for the above 10th-order polynomial, its number of terms is equal to the number of non-zero terms among a9…a1 plus 2.

[0863] In the embodiments of the present application, for the pilot symbols in two orthogonal polarization directions, the same target generation polynomial can be adopted. However, since the seeds adopted in the two polarization directions are different, correspondingly, the pilot symbols output in the two polarization directions are not exactly the same.

[0864] In Figure 7 or Figure 8 , for the scenario where Q pilot symbols need to be generated, a bit sequence b0, b1, b2, … b with a continuous bit length of 2Q is obtained according to the target polynomial and the seed 2Q；1 . The above bit sequence is also called a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS). The bit sequence generated by using a 9th-order polynomial is also called PRBS9, and the bit sequence generated by using a 10th-order polynomial is also called PRBS10. The bit sequence b0, b1, b2, … b 2Q；1 Every 2 consecutive bits are mapped to a symbol, where b 2t and b 2t:1 are mapped to a symbol (2b 2t -1)A+(2b 2t:1 -1)Aj, 0 ≤ t < Q.

[0865] In the embodiments of the present application, the target polynomial and the seed can be determined by designing the values of the coefficients a9…a1 in the 10th-order polynomial or the values of the coefficients a8…a1 in the 9th-order polynomial, so that the autocorrelation characteristics of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction or the Y polarization direction are better, and the cross-correlation characteristics of the pilot symbol sequences in the two polarization directions are better. In addition, by selecting appropriate target polynomials and seeds, the Q pilot symbols achieve DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end.

[0866] It should be noted that the data frame considered in the embodiments of the present invention only contains pilot symbols and payload symbols (also known as pre-framing symbols). This DSP frame structure is different from other existing DSP superframe structures, where a DSP superframe usually contains various types of symbols, such as frame synchronization symbols for frame synchronization and distinguishing two polarization directions, training symbols for link training, and pilot symbols for carrier phase recovery. Therefore, in the receiving-end processing corresponding to the DSP frame considered in the present invention, the pilot symbols are used not only to assist in carrier phase recovery, but also to distinguish two polarization directions and for frame synchronization. The receiving end obtains 4 data streams, namely, the real-part sequence data stream in the X polarization direction, the imaginary-part sequence data stream in the X polarization direction, the real-part sequence data stream in the Y polarization direction, and the imaginary-part sequence data stream in the Y polarization direction; it is necessary to use pilot symbols to distinguish the real or imaginary part sequence corresponding to each data stream in the X or Y polarization direction. In the embodiments of the present invention, the target polynomial and seed determined by designing the values of coefficients a9...a1 in a 10th-order polynomial or the values of coefficients a8...a1 in a 9th-order polynomial are such that the real-part sequences (also known as the I channel) and imaginary-part sequences (also known as the Q channel) of the pilot symbol sequences in the two polarization directions have good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics. More specifically, the real-part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction, the imaginary-part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction, the real-part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction, and the imaginary-part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction, a total of 4 sequences with a length of Q bits, have good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics.

[0867] It should be noted that, starting from Figure 7 and Figure 8 it can be seen that the order of the target polynomial and the number of non-zero terms in the coefficients will affect the complexity of the pilot symbol generation structure. In the embodiments of the present application, when designing the target polynomial, it is necessary to constrain the order of the polynomial to be no greater than 10, and the number of non-zero terms of the polynomial to be no greater than 8. When selecting a polynomial, it is necessary to select the order and the number of non-zero terms of the target polynomial to be as small as possible, so that the complexity of the pilot symbol generation structure is lower and the power consumption is smaller. It should also be noted that, given a target polynomial, there may not exist a seed that can make the autocorrelation and cross-correlation of the pilot symbol sequence determined by the target polynomial and the seed better. Therefore, the selection of the target polynomial is not only to select the smallest order and the number of non-zero terms, but also to consider whether a corresponding seed can be selected so that the generated pilot symbol sequence, and the autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics of its real-part sequence and imaginary-part sequence are better, which is beneficial to the quality of signal recovery at the receiving end.

[0868] In a possible implementation manner, the target polynomial is one of the following Table 1.

[0869] Table 1

[0870]

[0871]

[0872] In the embodiments of the present application, polynomials of order less than or equal to 10 are considered, especially polynomials of order 9 or 10. Mainly, higher-order polynomials cannot significantly improve the sequence autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics of the generated pilot symbols. Lower-order polynomials, such as polynomials of order 6, 7, etc., although the implementation complexity is low, generally the sequence autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics of the generated pilot symbols are not good. Moreover, considering that the number of polynomial terms is not greater than 8, especially 9th-order or 10th-order polynomials with 5 or 7 terms, they have a low hardware implementation complexity.

[0873] In a possible implementation manner, taking N = 6144, M = 64, and Q = 96 as an example, the correspondence between the target polynomial, the seed in the X polarization direction, and the seed in the Y polarization direction is one of the following Table 2. So that in the X polarization direction or the Y polarization direction, the 96 generated pilot symbols have good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics.

[0874] Table 2

[0875]

[0876]

[0877]

[0878]

[0879]

[0880] It should be noted that when designing the target polynomial, it is necessary to constrain that the order of the polynomial is not greater than 10 and the number of non-zero terms of the polynomial is not greater than 8. When selecting a polynomial, it is necessary to select a target polynomial with as small an order and as few non-zero terms as possible, so that the complexity of the pilot symbol generation structure is low and the power consumption is small. Considering that for a given target polynomial, there may not be a seed that can make the autocorrelation and cross-correlation of the pilot symbol sequence determined by the target polynomial and the seed good. Therefore, the selection of the target polynomial is not only to select the smallest order and the smallest number of non-zero terms, but also to consider whether a corresponding seed can be selected so that the autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics of the generated pilot symbol sequence, and its real part sequence and imaginary part sequence are good, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end.

[0881] Further, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, or A + Aj in the data frame differs by less than or equal to 2 pairwise. Also, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A + Aj, and the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A - Aj, effectively ensuring that the number of symbols in each polarization direction approaches balance and that the sequence formed by the pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of signal recovery at the receiving end. For example, when Q = 96, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj can be 23, 25, 25, and 23 in sequence, differing by less than or equal to 2 pairwise.

[0882] In a possible implementation, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols A + Aj is Or, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols A + Aj is Or, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols A + Aj is Or, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols A + Aj is Wherein, represents rounding down the positive real number a. For example, when Q = 96, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj can be 24, 24, 24, and 24 in sequence, or the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj can be 23, 25, 25, and 23 in sequence, or the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj can be 25, 23, 23, and 25 in sequence.

[0883] Furthermore, in two polarization directions, the total number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is Q / 2, the total number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is Q / 2, the total number of pilot symbols A - Aj is Q / 2, and the total number of pilot symbols A + Aj is Q / 2, effectively ensuring the balance of the number of symbols. In addition, it can also ensure that the sequence formed by the pilot symbols reaches DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end.

[0884] In a possible implementation, in the X polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols A + Aj is In the Y polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols A + Aj is

[0885] In another possible implementation, in the X polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols A + Aj is In the Y polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is The number of pilot symbols A - Aj is The number of pilot symbols A + Aj is

[0886] Furthermore, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4. The pilot symbol sequence obtained under this condition helps to improve the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end.

[0887] Here, taking N = 6144, M = 64, and Q = 96 as examples, several specific embodiments are introduced.

[0888] Embodiment 1: An implementation where the order of the polynomial is 9.

[0889] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another data frame in the embodiments of the present application. Considering dual-polarization DP-16QAM modulation, 96×63 = 6048 dual-polarization payload symbols are obtained through BCH(126,110) coding and DP-16QAM dual-polarization modulation; one pilot symbol is inserted in front of every 63 symbols among the 6048 payload symbols, and a total of 96 pilot symbols are inserted, obtaining the data frame (also referred to as the DSP frame) structure as shown in Figure 9 That is, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96. In the X polarization direction or the Y polarization direction, 96 pilot symbols are generated according to the target polynomial and the seed. Specifically, for the scenario where 96 pilot symbols need to be generated, a bit sequence b0, b1, b2, … b with a continuous bit length of 96×2 = 192 is obtained according to the target polynomial and the seed 191 . Bit sequence b0, b1, b2, … b 191 Every 2 consecutive bits are mapped to one symbol, where b 2t and b 2t:1 are mapped to one symbol (2b 2t - 1)A + (2b 2t:1 - 1)Aj. It should be noted that the symbol (2b 2t - 1)A + (2b 2t:1 - 1)Aj may not be a symbol on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used, and it can be any 4 symbols in the middle area between the outermost 4 symbols and the innermost 4 symbols of the constellation diagram of the modulation format used.

[0890] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the third pilot symbol generation structure in the embodiments of the present application. If the target polynomial is x 9 + x 4 + x 3 + x + 1, and the seed in the X polarization direction is 0x049 and the seed in the Y polarization direction is 0x115, that is, when using item No. 3 in Table 2, the generation process of 96 pilot symbols in each of the two polarization directions is as shown in Figure 10 That is.

[0891] In the X polarization direction, the input seed is 0x049, which is converted to the binary sequence 001001001, that is, the values from m8 to m0. If the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 1 and 0, then the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is A - Aj; if the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 0 and 0, then the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is -A - Aj; if the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 1 and 1, then the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is A + Aj; if the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 0 and 1, then the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is -A + Aj. By analogy, 96 pilot symbols in the X polarization direction can be obtained.

[0892] In the Y polarization direction, the input polarization seed is 0x115, which is 100010101 after being converted into a binary sequence, that is, the values from m8 to m0. If two consecutive bits 1 and 0 are output in sequence, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is A - Aj; if two consecutive bits 0 and 0 are output in sequence, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is -A - Aj; if two consecutive bits 1 and 1 are output in sequence, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is A + Aj; if two consecutive bits 0 and 1 are output in sequence, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is -A + Aj. By analogy, 96 pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction can be obtained.

[0893] Specifically, the 96 pilot symbols in each of the two polarization directions are shown in Table 3 below:

[0894] Table 3

[0895]

[0896]

[0897] In the X polarization direction, the numbers of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj are 25, 23, 23, and 25 in sequence; in the Y polarization direction, the numbers of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj are 23, 25, 25, and 23 in sequence. In one polarization direction, the differences between the numbers of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, or A + Aj in the data frame are less than or equal to 2 pairwise. And the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A + Aj, and the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A - Aj, effectively ensuring that the number of symbols in each polarization direction approaches balance, and also ensuring that the sequence formed by the pilot symbols reaches DC balance. Further, in the X and Y polarization directions, the total numbers of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj are all 48, effectively ensuring the balance of the number of symbols and facilitating the quality of signal recovery at the receiving end.

[0898] Figure 11 This is the first implementation process schematic diagram of generating pilot symbols based on DP - 16QAM modulation in the embodiments of the present application. Considering DP - 16QAM modulation, the generation methods of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction are specifically as Figure 11 shown, where the order of the generating polynomial is 9, called PRBS9.

[0899] Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of the relevant characteristics corresponding to the pilot symbols in the embodiments of the present application. As Figure 12 (a) in it shows the periodic autocorrelation result of the sequence of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction. As Figure 12 (b) in it shows the periodic autocorrelation result of the sequence of pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction. As Figure 12 (c) in it shows the periodic cross-correlation result of the sequence of pilot symbols in the X and Y polarization directions. The normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value of the periodic autocorrelation function of the symbol sequences in the two polarization directions is not greater than 0.222, and the normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value of the periodic cross-correlation function of the symbol sequences in the two polarization directions is not greater than 0.193.

[0900] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram reflecting the autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics in the embodiments of the present application. Among them, the real part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction is denoted as (X_I), the imaginary part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction is denoted as (X_Q), the real part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction is denoted as (Y_I), and the imaginary part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction is denoted as (Y_Q). Figure 13 It shows the autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics of the four sequences of X_I, X_Q, Y_I, and Y_Q with a length of Q bits. Figure 13 (a) in it shows the periodic autocorrelation results of the real part sequence (X_I) in the X polarization direction, the imaginary part sequence (X_Q) in the X polarization direction, the real part sequence (Y_I) in the Y polarization direction, and the imaginary part sequence (Y_Q) in the Y polarization direction. Figure 13 (b) in it shows the periodic cross-correlation results of the real part sequence in the X polarization direction and the real part sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_I&Y_I), the real part sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary part sequence in the X polarization direction (X_I&X_Q), the real part sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_I&Y_Q), the imaginary part sequence in the X polarization direction and the real part sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_Q&Y_I), the real part sequence in the Y polarization direction and the imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction (Y_I&Y_Q), and the imaginary part sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_Q&Y_Q). The absolute value of the normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value of the periodic autocorrelation function and the periodic cross-correlation function is not greater than 0.2917.

[0901] The receiving end uses the PS pilot sequence to perform DSP recovery on the signals based on the two received polarization direction signals. For example, by calculating the correlation values of the received signals with the real part sequence / imaginary part sequence of the PS pilot sequence in the X polarization direction and the real part sequence / imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction respectively, the X / Y polarization directions and the real part / imaginary part can be distinguished, and frame synchronization alignment can be performed. At the same time, carrier phase recovery is performed using the PS pilot signal. The designed pilot symbol sequence has good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics, satisfies DC balance, and is beneficial for the receiving end to improve the quality of the recovered signals.

[0902] Embodiment 2: An implementation manner where the order of the polynomial is 10.

[0903] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth pilot symbol generation structure in the embodiments of the present application. If the target polynomial is x 10 +x 9 +x 4 +x + 1, and the seed in the X polarization direction is 0x12A and the seed in the Y polarization direction is 0x039, that is, when using item No. 36 in Table 2, the generation process of 96 pilot symbols in each of the two polarization directions is as follows Figure 14 shown.

[0904] In the X polarization direction, the input polarization seed is 0x12A, which is converted to the binary sequence 0100101010, that is, the values from m9 to m0. If the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 1 and 0, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is A - Aj; if the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 0 and 0, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is -A - Aj; if the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 1 and 1, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is A + Aj; if the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 0 and 1, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is -A + Aj. By analogy, 96 pilot symbols in the X polarization direction can be obtained.

[0905] In the Y polarization direction, the input polarization seed is 0x039, which is converted to the binary sequence 0000111001, that is, the values from m9 to m0. If the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 1 and 0, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is A - Aj; if the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 0 and 0, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is -A - Aj; if the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 1 and 1, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is A + Aj; if the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 0 and 1, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is -A + Aj. By analogy, 96 pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction can be obtained.

[0906] Specifically, the 96 pilot symbols in each of the two polarization directions are shown in Table 4 below:

[0907] Table 4

[0908]

[0909]

[0910] In the X polarization direction, the numbers of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj are 25, 23, 23, and 25 in sequence; in the Y polarization direction, the numbers of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj are 23, 25, 25, and 23 in sequence. In one polarization direction, the difference between the numbers of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, or A + Aj in the data frame is less than or equal to 2 pairwise. And the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A + Aj, and the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A - Aj, effectively ensuring that the number of symbols approaches balance in each polarization direction and also ensuring that the sequence formed by the pilot symbols reaches DC balance. Furthermore, in the X and Y polarization directions, the total number of pilot symbols -A - Aj, the total number of pilot symbols -A + Aj, the total number of pilot symbols A - Aj, and the total number of pilot symbols A + Aj are all 48, effectively ensuring the balance of the number of symbols and being conducive to the quality of signal recovery at the receiving end.

[0911] Figure 15 This is the second implementation flow diagram of generating pilot symbols based on DP-16QAM modulation in the embodiments of the present application. Considering DP-16QAM modulation, the generation methods of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction are specifically as Figure 15 shown, where the order of the generating polynomial is 10, called PRBS10.

[0912] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the relevant characteristics corresponding to the pilot symbols in the embodiments of the present application. As Figure 15 (a) in shows the periodic autocorrelation result of the sequence of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction. As Figure 15 (b) in shows the periodic autocorrelation result of the sequence of pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction. As Figure 15 (c) in shows the periodic cross-correlation result of the sequences of pilot symbols in the X and Y polarization directions. The normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value of the periodic autocorrelation function of the symbol sequences in the two polarization directions is not greater than 0.193, and the normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value of the periodic cross-correlation function of the symbol sequences in the two polarization directions is not greater than 0.251.

[0913] Figure 17This is another schematic diagram reflecting the autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics in the embodiments of this application. Among them, the real part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction is denoted as (X_I), the imaginary part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction is denoted as (X_Q), the real part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction is denoted as (Y_I), and the imaginary part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction is denoted as (Y_Q). Figure 17 Shows the autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics of the four sequences of X_I, X_Q, Y_I, and Y_Q, each with a length of Q bits. Figure 17 (a) in it shows the periodic autocorrelation results of the real part sequence (X_I), the imaginary part sequence (X_Q) in the X polarization direction, the real part sequence (Y_I) in the Y polarization direction, and the imaginary part sequence (Y_Q) in the Y polarization direction. Figure 17 (b) in it shows the periodic cross-correlation results of the real part sequence in the X polarization direction and the real part sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_I&Y_I), the real part sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary part sequence in the X polarization direction (X_I&X_Q), the real part sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_I&Y_Q), the imaginary part sequence in the X polarization direction and the real part sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_Q&Y_I), the real part sequence in the Y polarization direction and the imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction (Y_I&Y_Q), and the imaginary part sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_Q&Y_Q). The sidelobe value of the periodic autocorrelation function and the absolute value of the normalized amplitude of the periodic cross-correlation function are both not greater than 0.2917.

[0914] The receiving end uses the PS pilot sequence to recover the signal through DSP according to the received signals in two polarization directions. For example, by calculating the correlation values of the received signal with the real part sequence / imaginary part sequence of the PS pilot sequence in the X polarization direction and the real part sequence / imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction respectively, the X / Y polarization direction and the real part / imaginary part can be distinguished, and frame synchronization alignment can be performed. At the same time, the carrier phase recovery is carried out using the PS pilot signal. The designed pilot symbol sequence has good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics, satisfies DC balance, and is beneficial for the receiving end to improve the quality of the recovered signal.

[0915] Based on the above introduction, in the embodiments of this application, in a data frame including N symbols, every consecutive M symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols, where N = M × Q. Among them, the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. The Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. It can be seen that this application designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics of the pilot symbols generated in the above manner are good, and they satisfy DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of signal recovery at the receiving end.

[0916] It should be noted that currently, the communication architectures of some optical transmission networks support transmission rates of 400 Gbps and 800 Gbps. At a transmission rate of 400 Gbps, the baud rate required under dual-polarization-16 quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM) is usually about 60 G baud. At a transmission rate of 800 Gbps, the baud rate required under DP-16QAM modulation is usually about 120 G baud. With the growth of services, the requirements for transmission rates in metropolitan area telecom transmission and data center transmission scenarios are getting higher and higher. For example, transmission rates such as 1.2 Tbps and 1.6 Tbps. Under the DP-16QAM modulation and single-wave transmission mode, the corresponding baud rates are about 180 Gbaud and 240 Gbaud. At the same transmission rate, using a lower-order modulation, such as DP-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), requires a higher baud rate. Using a higher-order modulation, such as DP-32QAM or DP-64QAM, although the required baud rate is lower, the transmission distance will be limited. The higher the transmission rate required in the optical transmission network, the higher the corresponding baud rate usually is, and the higher the power consumption of the corresponding device. Currently, there is no low-power device with a baud rate higher than 140 G baud. For metropolitan area telecom transmission and data center transmission scenarios, low power consumption is usually required. By carrying multiple data frames on multiple optical signals for transmission, the data stream can be transmitted in parallel, and the overall transmission rate can be increased while maintaining the current baud rate and modulation order. For example, the wavelengths of multiple optical signals are different, and multiple optical signals with different wavelengths are transmitted on the same optical fiber, which is also called Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). Another example is that multiple optical signals are transmitted through multiple different optical fibers respectively, which is also called Parallel Single Mode (PSM). The following embodiments do not require devices with higher baud rates and can be applied to metropolitan area telecom transmission and data center transmission scenarios that require low power consumption.

[0917] Embodiment 3:

[0918] Consider two data frames, a first data frame and a second data frame. The structures of the first data frame and the second data frame can refer to Figure 9Schematic diagram of the data frame structure described above. Considering dual-polarization DP-16QAM modulation, 6048 dual-polarization payload symbols are obtained through BCH(126, 110) encoding and dual-polarization modulation of DP-16QAM. One pilot symbol is inserted in front of every 63 symbols among the 6048 payload symbols, and a total of 96 pilot symbols are inserted, obtaining a data frame (also known as a DSP frame) structure as shown in Figure 9 shown, that is, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96. In the X polarization direction or the Y polarization direction, 96 pilot symbols are generated according to the target polynomial and the seed. For the first data frame, in the X polarization direction, 96 pilot symbols are generated according to the first target polynomial and the first seed; in the Y polarization direction, 96 pilot symbols are generated according to the first target polynomial and the second seed. For the second data frame, in the X polarization direction, 96 pilot symbols are generated according to the second target polynomial and the third seed; in the Y polarization direction, 96 pilot symbols are generated according to the second target polynomial and the fourth seed.

[0919] Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the transmission scenario of multiple data frame streams in the embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, 2 dual-polarization symbol streams are obtained through BCH(126, 110) encoding and dual-polarization modulation of DP-16QAM. For each of the dual-polarization symbol streams, one pilot symbol is inserted in front of every 63 symbols among every 6048 payload symbols according to the above framing scheme, and a total of 96 pilot symbols are inserted, obtaining a data frame. That is to say, the first data frame is on one data frame stream obtained by framing one of the 2 dual-polarization symbol streams, and the second data frame is on the other data frame stream obtained by framing the other of the 2 dual-polarization symbol streams. The two data frame streams are carried on the multiplexed optical signals for transmission, as shown in Figure 18 the example of (a). In this embodiment, the two data frame streams are transmitted at different wavelengths. For the 1.6TE scenario, the rate of each data frame stream is about 800 Gbps per second.

[0920] In this embodiment, the first target polynomial and the second target polynomial adopt the same target polynomial. The first seed and the third seed are the same, which is simply referred to as the seed in the X polarization direction. The second seed and the fourth seed are the same, which is simply referred to as the seed in the Y polarization direction. That is, the same 96 pilot symbols are adopted in the first data frame and the second data frame. Considering that the 9th-order target polynomial is x 9 +x 8 +x 5 +x 4+1. When the seed in the X polarization direction is 0x175 and the seed in the Y polarization direction is 0x03D, that is, item No. 23 in Table 2 is adopted, the generation process of 96 pilot symbols in each of the two polarization directions is as follows Figure 19 as shown.

[0921] Figure 19 It is a schematic diagram of the fifth pilot symbol generation structure in the embodiment of the present application. In the X polarization direction, the input seed is 0x175, and after being converted into a binary sequence, it is 101110101, which is the value from m8 to m0. If the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 1 and 0, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is A - Aj. If the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 0 and 0, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is -A - Aj. If the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 1 and 1, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is A + Aj. If the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 0 and 1, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is -A + Aj. By analogy, 96 pilot symbols in the X polarization direction can be obtained.

[0922] In the Y polarization direction, the input polarization seed is 0x03D, and after being converted into a binary sequence, it is 000111101, which is the value from m8 to m0. If the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 1 and 0, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is A - Aj. If the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 0 and 0, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is -A - Aj. If the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 1 and 1, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is A + Aj. If the two consecutive bits output in sequence are 0 and 1, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is -A + Aj. By analogy, 96 pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction can be obtained.

[0923] Specifically, the 96 pilot symbols in each of the two polarization directions are shown in Table 5 below:

[0924] Table 5

[0925]

[0926]

[0927] In the X polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj is 24 each; in the Y polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj is 25, 23, 23, and 25 in sequence. In one polarization direction, the difference between the numbers of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, or A + Aj in the data frame is less than or equal to 2 pairwise. And the number of pilot symbols -A - Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A + Aj, and the number of pilot symbols -A + Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A - Aj, effectively ensuring that the number of symbols approaches balance in each polarization direction and also ensuring that the sequence formed by the pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovered at the receiving end.

[0928] Figure 20 This is the third schematic diagram of the implementation process for generating pilot symbols based on DP - 16QAM modulation in the embodiments of the present application. Considering DP - 16QAM modulation, the generation methods of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction are specifically as Figure 20 shown, where the degree of the generating polynomial is 9, called PRBS9.

[0929] Figure 21 This is another schematic diagram of the relevant characteristics corresponding to the pilot symbols in the embodiments of the present application. As Figure 21 (a) in shows the periodic autocorrelation result of the sequence of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction. As Figure 21 (b) in shows the periodic autocorrelation result of the sequence of pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction. As Figure 21 (c) in shows the periodic cross - correlation result of the sequences of pilot symbols in the X and Y polarization directions. The normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value of the periodic autocorrelation function of the symbol sequences in the two polarization directions is not greater than 0.180, and the normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value of the periodic cross - correlation function of the symbol sequences in the two polarization directions is not greater than 0.225.

[0930] Figure 22 This is another schematic diagram reflecting the autocorrelation characteristics and cross - correlation characteristics in the embodiments of the present application. Among them, the real - part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction is denoted as (X_I), the imaginary - part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction is denoted as (X_Q), the real - part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction is denoted as (Y_I), and the imaginary - part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction is denoted as (Y_Q). Figure 22 Shows the autocorrelation characteristics and cross - correlation characteristics of the four sequences X_I, X_Q, Y_I, and Y_Q with a length of Q bits. Figure 22The (a) in it shows the periodic autocorrelation results of the real part sequence (X_I) in the X polarization direction, the imaginary part sequence (X_Q) in the X polarization direction, the real part sequence (Y_I) in the Y polarization direction, and the imaginary part sequence (Y_Q) in the Y polarization direction. Figure 22 The (b) in it shows the periodic cross-correlation results of the real part sequence in the X polarization direction and the real part sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_I&Y_I), the real part sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary part sequence in the X polarization direction (X_I&X_Q), the real part sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_I&Y_Q), the imaginary part sequence in the X polarization direction and the real part sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_Q&Y_I), the real part sequence in the Y polarization direction and the imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction (Y_I&Y_Q), and the imaginary part sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_Q&Y_Q). The sidelobe value of the periodic autocorrelation function and the absolute value of the normalized amplitude of the periodic cross-correlation function are both not greater than 0.292.

[0931] The receiving end recovers the signal by DSP using the PS pilot sequence according to the two polarization direction signals received. For example, by calculating the correlation values of the received signal and the real part sequence and the imaginary part sequence of the PS pilot sequence in the X polarization direction, and the real part sequence and the imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction respectively, the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction, as well as the real part and the imaginary part can be distinguished, and frame synchronization alignment can be performed. At the same time, carrier phase recovery is performed using the PS pilot signal. The sequence autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics of the designed pilot symbols are both good, meeting the DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to improve the quality of the recovered signal.

[0932] It should be noted that in this embodiment, it is considered that 2 data frame streams are transmitted at different wavelengths, and 96 pilot symbols on each data frame stream are generated using the same target polynomial. In some other specific applications, the pilot symbol sequences on 2 data frame streams are generated using different target polynomials. In some other specific applications, the pilot symbol sequences on 2 data frame streams are generated using the same target polynomial and different seeds. In some other specific applications, 2 data frame streams are transmitted on 2 optical fibers.

[0933] It should be noted that in some other specific applications, the number of data frame streams is greater than 2, such as Figure 18As shown in (b), after FEC encoding and modulation, W dual-polarization symbol streams are obtained. Each of the dual-polarization symbol streams inserts 1 pilot symbol in front of every M - 1 symbols among every (M - 1)×Q payload symbols according to the above framing scheme, and a total of Q pilot symbols are inserted to obtain a data frame, and a total of W data frame streams are obtained. The W data frame streams are carried and transmitted on multiple optical signals. For example, the W data frame streams are respectively carried on W optical signals. As an example, the wavelengths of any two of the W optical signals are different, and the W optical signals are transmitted in the same optical fiber. As another example, the wavelengths of each of the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0934] The data transmission device provided by the embodiments of the present application will be introduced below.

[0935] Figure 23 It is a schematic structural diagram of a data transmission device applied to the sending end in the embodiments of the present application. As Figure 23 shown, the data transmission device includes a processing unit 101 and a sending unit 102. The processing unit 101 is used to perform the operations in step 401 in the above Figure 4 shown embodiment. The sending unit 102 is used to perform the operations in step 402 in the above Figure 4 shown embodiment. The specific operations can refer to the relevant introduction in the above Figure 4 shown embodiment, and will not be elaborated here.

[0936] Figure 24 It is a schematic structural diagram of a data transmission device applied to the receiving end in the embodiments of the present application. As Figure 24 shown, the data transmission device includes a processing unit 201 and a receiving unit 202. Among them, the receiving unit 202 is used to receive the data frames that have passed through the channel from the sending end. The processing unit 201 is used to perform operations such as dispersion compensation, synchronization, and phase recovery.

[0937] It should be understood that the device provided by the present application can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the unit division in the above device is only a logical function division, and there can be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system. In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present application can be integrated in a processing unit, or can be individual independent physical units, or two or more functional units can be integrated in a processing unit. The above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.

[0938] Figure 25 It is another schematic structural diagram of the data transmission device in the embodiments of the present application. As Figure 25As shown in the figure, the data transmission device includes a processor 301, a memory 302, and a transceiver 303. The processor 301, the memory 302, and the transceiver 303 are interconnected by lines. Among them, the memory 302 is used to store program instructions and data. Specifically, the transceiver 303 is used to perform data transmission and reception operations, and the processor 301 is used to perform other operations except data transmission and reception. In a possible implementation manner, the processor 301 may include the processing unit 101 shown in the above Figure 23 The transceiver 303 includes the sending unit 102 shown in the above Figure 23 In another possible implementation manner, the processor 301 may include the processing unit 201 shown in the above Figure 24 The transceiver 303 includes the receiving unit 202 shown in the above Figure 24 As shown in the figure.

[0939] It should be noted that the processor shown in the above Figure 25 may adopt a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. The memory shown in the above Figure 25 may store an operating system and other application programs. When implementing the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application through software or firmware, the program code for implementing the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application is stored in the memory and executed by the processor. In one embodiment, the processor may include a memory inside. In another embodiment, the processor and the memory are two independent structures.

[0940] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, devices, and units can refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be described herein again.

[0941] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps for implementing the above embodiments can be completed by hardware, or can be completed by a program instructing relevant hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The above-mentioned storage medium can be a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc. Whether the above functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the present application.

[0942] When implemented using software, the method steps described in the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more integrated available media. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (such as a floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (such as a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid state disk (SSD)).

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that, Including: Generating a data frame. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols. Each consecutive M symbols among the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols. N = M×Q, where Q is an even number, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are a symbol sequence generated by a target polynomial and a seed. The target polynomial is x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1; the seed in one polarization direction is 0x175, and the seed in the other polarization direction is 0x03D; Transmitting the data frame.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein Each of the pilot symbols is located at the starting position of the consecutive M symbols where it is located.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The sequence of Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction is different from the sequence of Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Q＝96。 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sum of the Q pilot symbols is 0.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The step of generating the data frame specifically includes: Performing symbol mapping and polarization symbol partitioning on the received data sequence to obtain symbol sequences in two polarization directions; Inserting the pilot symbols into the symbol sequences in each polarization direction to obtain the data frame.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The step of generating the data frame specifically includes: Inserting the bits corresponding to the pilot symbols into the received data sequence to obtain a first sequence; Performing symbol mapping and polarization symbol partitioning on the first sequence to obtain the data frame.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that In one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, In a polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, A = -1, 1, -3, 3, or 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Each of the pilot symbols is one of four complex numbers: -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj, where A is a real number. The numbers of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj in the data frame differ from each other by less than or equal to 2 pairwise.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein, In a polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Or, In a polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Among them, represents the floor function of the positive real number a.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Q is 96; The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence: A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj; The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are successively as follows: A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, N = 6144, M = 64。 14. A data transmission method, characterized in that, Comprising: Receiving a data frame. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols. Each consecutive M symbols among the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols. N = M × Q, where Q is an even number and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are a symbol sequence generated by a target polynomial and a seed. The target polynomial is x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1. The seed in one polarization direction is 0x175, and the seed in the other polarization direction is 0x03D; Processing the data frame.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein Each pilot symbol is located at the starting position of the consecutive M symbols where it is located, and Q = 96.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein In one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that, Each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers: -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj, where A is 3 or -3. The numbers of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj in the data frame differ from each other by less than or equal to 2 pairwise.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein In a polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Or, In a polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Among them, represents rounding down the positive real number a.

19. The method according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that, The Q is 96; The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence: A - Aj,A - Aj,A + Aj,A - Aj,A - Aj,-A - Aj,A + Aj,-A + Aj,-A + Aj,-A + Aj,-A - Aj,-A + Aj,A + Aj,-A + Aj,-A - Aj,A - Aj,-A + Aj,A - Aj,A - Aj,-A - Aj,A - Aj,A - Aj,A + Aj,-A + Aj,-A + Aj,-A - Aj,A + Aj,A + Aj,A + Aj,-A - Aj,-A + Aj,A - Aj,A + Aj,-A + Aj,-A - Aj,-A - Aj,A - Aj,A + Aj,A - Aj,A + Aj,A + Aj,-A + Aj,-A + Aj,-A - Aj,-A - Aj,-A - Aj,A + Aj,-A - Aj,A + Aj,-A - Aj,A - Aj,-A - Aj,A + Aj,-A - Aj,A - Aj,A + Aj,-A - Aj,-A - Aj,A - Aj,-A + Aj,A - Aj,-A + Aj,A + Aj,A - Aj,A - Aj,-A + Aj,A + Aj,-A - Aj,-A + Aj,-A - Aj,A + Aj,A + Aj,-A - Aj,A + Aj,-A + Aj,A - Aj,-A + Aj,A + Aj,-A + Aj,-A + Aj,-A + Aj,A + Aj,A - Aj,A + Aj,-A + Aj,A - Aj,-A - Aj,-A - Aj,A + Aj,-A + Aj,-A - Aj,A - Aj,A - Aj,-A + Aj,A - Aj,-A - Aj; The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence as follows: A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, - A - Aj, - A + Aj, - A + Aj, - A - Aj, - A + Aj, - A - Aj, A - Aj, - A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, - A - Aj, A + Aj, - A + Aj, - A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, - A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, - A - Aj, - A + Aj, A - Aj, - A - Aj, A - Aj, - A - Aj, - A - Aj, - A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, - A - Aj, - A + Aj, - A + Aj, - A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, - A - Aj, - A - Aj, - A + Aj, - A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, - A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, - A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, - A - Aj, - A + Aj, A - Aj, - A - Aj, - A + Aj, A + Aj, - A - Aj, - A - Aj, A + Aj, - A + Aj, A + Aj, - A + Aj, A - Aj, - A + Aj, - A - Aj, A - Aj, - A + Aj, - A + Aj, - A + Aj, - A - Aj, A - Aj, - A - Aj, - A + Aj, - A - Aj, - A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, - A + Aj, A + Aj, - A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。 20. A data transmission device, characterized in that, Comprising: A processing unit and a sending unit; The processing unit is configured to: generate a data frame. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols. Among the N symbols, every consecutive M symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols. N = M × Q, where Q is an even number and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are a symbol sequence generated by a target polynomial and a seed. The target polynomial is x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1. The seed in one polarization direction is 0x175, and the seed in the other polarization direction is 0x03D; The sending unit is configured to: send the data frame.

21. The data transmission device according to claim 20, wherein Each of the pilot symbols is located at the starting position of the consecutive M symbols where it is located.

22. The data transmission device according to claim 20, wherein The sequence including Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction is different from the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction.

23. The data transmission device according to claim 20, wherein Q＝96。 24. The data transmission device according to claim 20, wherein The sum of the Q pilot symbols is 0.

25. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that, Specifically, the processing unit is configured to: Perform symbol mapping and polarization symbol partitioning on the received data sequence to obtain symbol sequences in two polarization directions; Insert the pilot symbols into the symbol sequences in each polarization direction to obtain the data frame.

26. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that Specifically, the processing unit is configured to: Insert the bits corresponding to the pilot symbols into the received data sequence to obtain a first sequence; Perform symbol mapping and polarization symbol partitioning on the first sequence to obtain the data frame.

27. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that In one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

28. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that, In a polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, A = -1, 1, -3, 3, or 29. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that, Each of the pilot symbols is one of four complex numbers: -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj, where A is a real number, and the difference between the numbers of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj in the data frame is less than or equal to 2 pairwise.

30. The data transmission device according to claim 29, characterized in that, In a polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols that are -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols that are A + Aj is Or, In a polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols being -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A + Aj is Among them, represents rounding down the positive real number a.

31. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20-24, characterized in that Q is 96; The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence: A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj; The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence: A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。 32. The device according to any one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that, N = 6144, M = 64。 33. A data receiving device, characterized in that, Comprising: a receiving unit and a processing unit; The receiving unit is configured to: receive a data frame. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols. Each consecutive M symbols of the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M - 1 payload symbols. N = M × Q, where Q is an even number, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are a symbol sequence generated by a target polynomial and a seed. The target polynomial is x^9 + x^8 + x^5 + x^4 + 1; the seed in one polarization direction is 0x175, and the seed in the other polarization direction is 0x03D; The processing unit is configured to: process the data frame.

34. The device according to claim 33, characterized in that, Each pilot symbol is located at the starting position of the consecutive M symbols where it is located, and Q = 96.

35. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein In one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

36. The device according to any one of claims 33 to 35, characterized in that, Each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers: -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj, where A is 3 or -3. The numbers of pilot symbols -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, and A + Aj in the data frame differ from each other by less than or equal to 2 pairwise.

37. The device according to claim 36, wherein, In a polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols being -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A + Aj is Or, In a polarization direction, in the data frame, the number of pilot symbols being -A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being -A + Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A - Aj is the number of pilot symbols being A + Aj is Among them, represents rounding down the positive real number a.

38. The device according to any one of claims 33 - 35, characterized in that, The Q is 96; The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence: A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj; The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence as follows: A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj。 39. A data transmission system, characterized in that, Comprising: A data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 - 32 and a data receiving device according to any one of claims 33 - 38, wherein the data transmission device is connected to the data receiving device.

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