Method for improving pollination rate of kiwifruit in early spring cold area by using wall bees

Abstract

The application discloses a method for improving pollination rate of kiwi in early spring cold areas by using wall bees, and relates to the technical field of wall bee pollination, and comprises the following steps: S1, according to the flowering period of kiwi, 7-10 days in advance, the bee cocoon is put into a wall bee pollination special beehive, and is placed in an orchard where kiwi trees are located, the wall bee is put in at 6-7 pm to avoid the wall bee from getting lost, the wall bee is put in for 20-25 days, and the number of wall bees is 100-150 per mu; S2, 5-7 days after the flowering period of kiwi ends, the wall bee nest tube is sealed, and then the wall bee tube nest can be taken back; specifically, after the temperature rises after the beginning of spring, the bee cocoon is dug out, selected and then put into a container and placed in a 1-5 DEG C fresh-keeping room of a refrigerator for subsequent use. The application utilizes wall bees to transmit pollen, and in addition, combines special treatment of grafting technology, so that the pollination rate of kiwi trees in early spring cold areas is greatly improved, and the rate of abnormal fruit is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mason bee pollination technology, specifically to a method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions during early spring using mason bees. Background Technology

[0002] Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) belongs to the family Actinidiaceae and the genus Actinidia Lindl. It is a perennial deciduous vine fruit tree native to my country. China is the origin and distribution center of kiwifruit, and its germplasm resources are very rich, with 54 species and 21 varieties, totaling about 75 taxa. Kiwifruit is highly nutritious, rich in vitamin C, soluble dietary fiber, and various minerals, making it a well-rounded fruit and earning it the title of "King of Fruits."

[0003] Studies have shown a significant linear correlation (intuitive effect) between the number of seeds in kiwifruit and fruit weight, making adequate pollination a key technology for improving kiwifruit quality and yield. Kiwifruit is a dioecious plant, a typical cross-pollinated species. Its flowering period coincides with early spring, when temperatures are low and pollinating insects are scarce, resulting in extremely low pollination rates under natural conditions. This leads to low fruit set and high rates of deformed fruit, severely impacting yield and quality and causing economic losses for fruit growers. Therefore, a method to improve kiwifruit pollination efficiency is needed.

[0004] Mason bees belong to the genus *Osima* of the family Apidae, family Apidae, and comprise over 70 recorded species, with a wide distribution. They are excellent pollinators for Rosaceae fruit trees such as apples, pears, peaches, apricots, and sweet cherries, characterized by early pollination, high efficiency, and ease of management. In my country, the mason bees used in production are mostly the *Osima hornedilum* and *Osima concave-lippedilum* species introduced from Japan. Both species have one generation per year. Adults remain active outside the nest tube for about 40 days, overwintering as eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults inside the nest tube. The following spring, when the temperature rises to 12℃, the adults begin activity inside the cocoon and emerge. To ensure that the emergence coincides with the fruit tree flowering period, the cocoons need to be stored in a cold storage or refrigerator at 1-5℃. Generally, the entire process from release, pollination, breeding, to retrieval takes 30-40 days. From release, the male and female mason bees first mate, and after 3 days, they begin to establish a nest and lay eggs. The egg stage lasts about 10 days. The hatched larvae grow and develop by feeding on pollen masses. After 30-35 days, the larvae begin to pupate, and after 40-60 days, the pupae emerge as adults and enter the overwintering period. Mason bees have a short period of activity outside the nest, but are highly mobile. Their pollen-collecting organ is an abdominal brush; when visiting flowers, the abdominal brush adheres tightly to the anthers on the stamens, rapidly collecting large amounts of pollen. Their pollination efficiency is extremely fast, 70-80 times that of ordinary honeybees, making them highly suitable for large-scale, regional orchard applications. Therefore, utilizing mason bees to improve the pollination rate of kiwifruit is of significant practical importance for increasing kiwifruit yield and quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions in early spring using mason bees.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions during early spring using mason bees includes the following steps:

[0008] S1: Based on the flowering period of kiwifruit, place the mason bee cocoons into a special mason bee pollination hive 7-10 days in advance, and place it in the orchard where the kiwifruit trees are located. The time for releasing the bees is 6-7 pm to prevent the mason bees from getting lost; the release period is 12-17 days; the number of bees released is 100-150 per acre.

[0009] S2: Five to seven days after the fruit trees have finished flowering, the bee nest tube can be retrieved after sealing the tube.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the kiwifruit tree is further treated as follows: at least one-year-old branches are collected from male kiwifruit trees as scions and grafted onto female kiwifruit trees. Before grafting, the grafting surface of the scion is soaked in the treatment solution, and after grafting, the grafting site is sprayed with a promoting solution.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the treatment liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0012] 1-5 parts plant growth regulator, 5-10 parts starch, and 80-90 parts water.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant growth regulator is gibberellin or naphthaleneacetic acid.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the promoting liquid is as follows:

[0015] Chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid solution, and then inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and film-forming agents were added and mixed well to obtain the final product.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles comprise SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO and Ni2O3 in a mass ratio of 2-6:3-5:1-3:0.5-0.8:0.2-0.4.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the film-forming agent is polyethylene glycol.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of chitosan, inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles, and film-forming agent is 1-3:0.2-0.7:0.3-0.5.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the orchard seedlings are cultivated with a female-to-male ratio of 10-15:1 and a planting density of 110-130 seedlings per mu.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0021] (1) Because mason bees have good low-temperature resistance, this invention utilizes mason bees to pollinate flowers, which greatly improves the pollination rate of kiwifruit trees in cold regions in early spring.

[0022] (2) In this invention, the grafting technique is used to achieve hermaphroditism. The distance between the grafted branches is within the effective pollination distance, and the pollen of the upper male flowers can effectively land on the female style, which is conducive to improving the pollination effect of wind and bee pollination, reducing the cost of artificial pollination, and improving the natural pollination fruit set rate. Furthermore, the cutting surface of the male scion is soaked in a plant growth regulator aqueous solution and then sprayed with a treatment solution at the grafting point. The inorganic heat-generating particles added therein can effectively improve the photothermal effect. At the same time, the film-forming agent is used to better keep the cutting surface warm and promote the activity of the plant growth regulator solution, thereby effectively promoting the healing of the grafting wound and improving the grafting survival rate. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. These embodiments are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available conventional products.

[0024] The early spring flowering temperature for kiwifruit trees in the following orchards is 12-16℃. The seedlings should be planted at a ratio of female to male of 12:1, with a planting density of 120 trees per acre. The grafting treatment for the kiwifruit trees should be performed before beekeeping.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions during early spring using mason bees includes the following steps:

[0027] S1: Based on the flowering period of kiwifruit, place the mason bee cocoons in the pollination beehive 8 days in advance and place them in the orchard where the kiwifruit trees are located. The bee release time is 6 pm to prevent the mason bees from getting lost; the bee release period is 25 days; the number of bees released is 120 per acre.

[0028] S2: Six days after the fruit trees have finished blooming, the honeycomb tubes are sealed and then the tubes are retrieved.

[0029] Specifically, after the start of spring, when the temperature rises, remove and select the bee cocoons, put them in a container, and place them in the refrigerator's 3°C crisper compartment for later use.

[0030] The kiwifruit trees also undergo the following treatment: one-year-old branches are collected from male kiwifruit trees as scions and grafted onto female kiwifruit trees. Before grafting, the grafting surface of the scion is soaked in the treatment solution, and after grafting, the grafting site is sprayed with a promoting solution.

[0031] The treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0032] 2 parts plant growth regulator, 8 parts starch, 80 parts water.

[0033] The plant growth regulator used is gibberellin.

[0034] The preparation method of the promoting liquid is as follows:

[0035] Chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid solution, and then inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and film-forming agents were added and mixed well to obtain the final product.

[0036] The inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles comprise SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO, and Ni2O3 in a mass ratio of 2:3:1:0.5:0.2.

[0037] The film-forming agent is polyethylene glycol.

[0038] The mass ratio of chitosan, inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles, and film-forming agent is 1:0.2:0.3.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions during early spring using mason bees includes the following steps:

[0041] S1: Based on the flowering period of kiwifruit, place the mason bee cocoons in the pollination beehive 8 days in advance and place them in the orchard where the kiwifruit trees are located. The bee release time is 6 pm to prevent the mason bees from getting lost; the bee release period is 25 days; the number of bees released is 120 per acre.

[0042] S2: Six days after the fruit trees have finished blooming, the honeycomb tubes are sealed and then the tubes are retrieved.

[0043] Specifically, after the start of spring, when the temperature rises, remove and select the bee cocoons, put them in a container, and place them in the refrigerator's 3°C crisper compartment for later use.

[0044] The kiwifruit trees also undergo the following treatment: one-year-old branches are collected from male kiwifruit trees as scions and grafted onto female kiwifruit trees. Before grafting, the grafting surface of the scion is soaked in the treatment solution, and after grafting, the grafting site is sprayed with a promoting solution.

[0045] The treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0046] 3 parts plant growth regulator, 7 parts starch, 90 parts water.

[0047] The plant growth regulator used is gibberellin.

[0048] The preparation method of the promoting liquid is as follows:

[0049] Chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid solution, and then inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and film-forming agents were added and mixed well to obtain the final product.

[0050] The inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles contain SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO and Ni2O3 in a mass ratio of 3:4:2:0.6:0.3.

[0051] The film-forming agent is polyethylene glycol.

[0052] The mass ratio of chitosan, inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles, and film-forming agent is 2:0.5:0.4.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] A method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions during early spring using mason bees includes the following steps:

[0055] S1: Based on the flowering period of kiwifruit, place the mason bee cocoons in the pollination beehive 8 days in advance and place them in the orchard where the kiwifruit trees are located. The bee release time is 6 pm to prevent the mason bees from getting lost; the bee release period is 25 days; the number of bees released is 120 per acre.

[0056] S2: Six days after the fruit trees have finished blooming, the honeycomb tubes are sealed and then the tubes are retrieved.

[0057] Specifically, after the start of spring, when the temperature rises, remove and select the bee cocoons, put them in a container, and place them in the refrigerator's 3°C crisper compartment for later use.

[0058] The kiwifruit trees also undergo the following treatment: one-year-old branches are collected from male kiwifruit trees as scions and grafted onto female kiwifruit trees. Before grafting, the grafting surface of the scion is soaked in the treatment solution, and after grafting, the grafting site is sprayed with a promoting solution.

[0059] The treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0060] 5 parts plant growth regulator, 9 parts starch, 85 parts water.

[0061] The plant growth regulator used is gibberellin.

[0062] The preparation method of the promoting liquid is as follows:

[0063] Chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid solution, and then inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and film-forming agents were added and mixed well to obtain the final product.

[0064] The inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles contain SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO and Ni2O3 in a mass ratio of 4:5:1:0.7:0.4.

[0065] The film-forming agent is polyethylene glycol.

[0066] The mass ratio of chitosan, inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles, and film-forming agent is 3:0.7:0.3.

[0067] Example 4

[0068] A method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions during early spring using mason bees includes the following steps:

[0069] S1: Based on the flowering period of kiwifruit, place the mason bee cocoons in the pollination beehive 8 days in advance and place them in the orchard where the kiwifruit trees are located. The bee release time is 6 pm to prevent the mason bees from getting lost; the bee release period is 25 days; the number of bees released is 120 per acre.

[0070] S2: Six days after the fruit trees have finished blooming, the honeycomb tubes are sealed and then the tubes are retrieved.

[0071] Specifically, after the start of spring, when the temperature rises, remove and select the bee cocoons, put them in a container, and place them in the refrigerator's 3°C crisper compartment for later use.

[0072] The kiwifruit trees also undergo the following treatment: one-year-old branches are collected from male kiwifruit trees as scions and grafted onto female kiwifruit trees. Before grafting, the grafting surface of the scion is soaked in the treatment solution, and after grafting, the grafting site is sprayed with a promoting solution.

[0073] The treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0074] 5 parts plant growth regulator, 8 parts starch, 88 parts water.

[0075] The plant growth regulator is naphthaleneacetic acid.

[0076] The preparation method of the promoting liquid is as follows:

[0077] Chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid solution, and then inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and film-forming agents were added and mixed well to obtain the final product.

[0078] The inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles comprise SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO, and Ni2O3 in a mass ratio of 6:5:1:0.5:0.3.

[0079] The film-forming agent is polyethylene glycol.

[0080] The mass ratio of chitosan, inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles, and film-forming agent is 3:0.2:0.3.

[0081] Comparative Example 1 (without grafting)

[0082] This comparative example is a variation of Example 1, specifically without the grafting treatment.

[0083] Comparative Example 2 (without sprayed accelerator)

[0084] This comparative example is a variation of Example 1, specifically, the accelerator was not sprayed at the grafting site.

[0085] Comparative Example 3 (no inorganic exothermic particles added to the accelerating solution)

[0086] This comparative example is a variation of Example 1, specifically, the addition of inorganic exothermic particles to the promoting liquid.

[0087] Comparative Example 4 (no film-forming agent added to the accelerating solution)

[0088] This comparative example is a variation of Example 1, specifically, no film-forming agent was added to the promoting liquid.

[0089] The above embodiments and comparative examples were tested, and the test results are shown in the table below:

[0090] Experimental methods: Kiwifruit was cultivated in orchards in cold regions during early spring. Observation and statistical analysis of experimental flower and fruit set data were conducted. Fruit set rate = Number of fruits set / Number of experimental flowers. Deformed fruit rate = Number of deformed fruits / Number of fruits set.

[0091] Table 1. Performance test results of the examples and comparative examples.

[0092] Sample Fruit set rate (%) Deformed fruit rate (%) Example 1 98.5 3.1 Example 2 97.1 3.2 Example 3 97.6 3.8 Example 4 98.1 3.5 Comparative Example 1 78.2 8.8 Comparative Example 2 85.7 6.9 Comparative Example 3 82.6 6.3 Comparative Example 4 81.5 6.1

[0093] As shown in the table above, the kiwifruit treated in the examples had a high pollination rate, i.e., a high fruit set rate, and a lower rate of deformed fruit compared to the comparative examples. The main reason for this is likely that, as analyzed in Comparative Example 1, the use of monoecious plants combined with mason bees in the examples facilitated improved pollination efficiency. Analysis of Comparative Examples 2-4 shows that the examples used specific growth promoters to treat the grafting site, and the cutting surface of the male scion was soaked in a plant growth regulator aqueous solution. Combined with spraying the growth promoter at the grafting point, the added inorganic heat-generating particles effectively improved the photothermal effect. Simultaneously, the film-forming agent better insulated and positioned the cutting surface, further promoting the activity of the plant growth regulator, thereby effectively promoting wound healing at the grafting site, increasing the grafting survival rate, and reducing the rate of deformed fruit.

[0094] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various other corresponding changes and modifications based on the technical solutions and concepts described above, and all such changes and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions during early spring using mason bees, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Based on the flowering period of kiwifruit, place mason bees in the orchard where the kiwifruit trees are located 7-10 days in advance. The bee release time is 6-7 pm; the bee release period is 20-25 days; the number of bees is 100-150 per mu. S2: 5-7 days after the fruit trees have finished blooming, bring the mason bees back to their nests. The kiwifruit trees also undergo the following treatment: at least one-year-old branches are collected from male kiwifruit trees as scions and grafted onto female kiwifruit trees. Before grafting, the grafting surface of the scion is soaked in the treatment solution, and after grafting, a promoting solution is sprayed at the grafting site. The treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-5 parts plant growth regulator, 5-10 parts starch and 80-90 parts water; The preparation method of the promoting liquid is as follows: Chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid solution, and then inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and film-forming agents were added and mixed well to obtain the product. The inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles comprise SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO, and Ni2O3 in a mass ratio of 2-6:3-5:1-3:0.5-0.8:0.2-0.

4. The film-forming agent is polyethylene glycol; The mass ratio of chitosan, inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles, and film-forming agent is 1-3:0.2-0.7:0.3-0.

5.

2. The method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in early spring cold regions using mason bees, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The plant growth regulator solution uses gibberellin or naphthaleneacetic acid.

3. The method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions in early spring using mason bees, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The orchard seedlings are cultivated with a female-to-male ratio of 10-15:1 and a planting density of 110-130 trees per mu.