A method for preparing ion gel fiber based on halometallate ionic liquid

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for preparing ion gel fiber based on halometallate ionic liquid, comprising the following steps: dissolving a polymer in a good solvent to obtain a polymer solution; or dissolving a polymer monomer in a good solvent, and carrying out a polymerization reaction under the action of an initiator to obtain a polymer solution; spinning the polymer solution in a poor solvent to obtain a polymer fiber; and immersing the polymer fiber in a halometallate ionic liquid to carry out solvent exchange to obtain an ion gel fiber. The method provided by the present invention improves the strength, strain, toughness and energy dissipation of fiber materials under impact by toughening with halometallate ionic liquid and assisting cyclic stretch-release training, thereby preparing an ion gel fiber with high strength, high toughness and high energy dissipation rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ion gel fibers, and in particular to a method for preparing ion gel fibers based on halometallate ionic liquids. Background Art

[0002] Polymer fibers are widely used in aerospace, transportation, impact protection, satellite technology and other cutting-edge technologies. These materials have high breaking strength but poor deformability. It is important but difficult to achieve high strength and high toughness in fiber materials at the same time. At present, existing technologies including cross-linked networks, nanocomposites, torsion and mechanical training strategies have been used to strengthen gels, which have improved the breaking strength of fibers to a certain extent. However, high cross-linking density, highly oriented arrangement of polymer chains and increased crystallinity usually lead to reduced deformability, brittle behavior and reduced toughness, and the addition of solvents weakens the interaction between polymer chains, making the fibers stretchable and soft. In addition, the limited energy dissipation rate further restricts its development and application. Therefore, it has become an urgent need to develop fibers with high strength, high toughness and high energy dissipation rate to improve their service life and range to meet the development of impact protection, aerospace, satellite technology and transportation. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing ion gel fibers based on halide metal salt ionic liquids. The method improves the strength, strain, toughness and energy dissipation under impact of the fiber material through halide metal salt ionic liquid toughening-assisted cyclic stretching-release training, thereby preparing ion gel fibers with high strength, high toughness and high energy dissipation rate.

[0004] The above object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for preparing ion gel fiber based on halometallate ionic liquid comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) dissolving a polymer in a good solvent to obtain a polymer solution; or dissolving a polymer monomer in a good solvent and performing a polymerization reaction under the action of an initiator to obtain a polymer solution;

[0007] (2) spinning the polymer solution obtained in step (1) in a poor solvent to obtain polymer fibers;

[0008] (3) Immersing the polymer fiber obtained in step (2) in a halide metal salt ionic liquid for solvent exchange to obtain an ion gel fiber.

[0009] Further, in step (1), the polymer is selected from one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride), poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propenesulfonic acid), polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, polymethacrylic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, poly(dimethylaminopropylacrylamide), poly(2-carboxyethyl acrylate), poly(vinylphosphonic acid), poly(p-styrenesulfonic acid), polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile, polylactic acid and polycaprolactone; and the polymer monomer is selected from one or more of acrylamide, acrylic acid, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, ethyl methacrylate, acryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propenesulfonic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, vinylphosphonic acid, p-styrenesulfonic acid and acrylonitrile.

[0010] Furthermore, in step (1), the molecular weight of the polymer is 5,000 to 1,000,000 Da.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (1), the good solvent is selected from one or more of water, glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, acetonitrile, acetone, methanol, acetic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (1), the mass ratio of the polymer to the good solvent is 1:(0.1-10).

[0013] Furthermore, in step (1), the mass ratio of the polymer monomer to the good solvent is 1:(0.1-10).

[0014] Furthermore, in step (1), the initiator is selected from one or more of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, azobisisobutylnitrile, azobisisobutylnitrile, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide and benzoyl peroxide.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (1), the mass ratio of the polymer monomer to the initiator is 1:(0.001-10).

[0016] Furthermore, in step (1), the polymerization reaction includes free radical polymerization, step-wise polymerization, condensation polymerization, ionic polymerization or living transfer polymerization.

[0017] In a specific embodiment, the polymer is dissolved in a good solvent and stirred for 0.5 to 10 hours to obtain a uniformly dispersed polymer solution.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (2), the poor solvent is selected from one or more of ethanol, acetonitrile, acetone, methanol and acetic acid.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (2), the mass fraction of the poor solvent is 5% to 100%.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, the poor solvent can be 5-100 wt% ethanol solution, 5-100 wt% acetonitrile solution, 5-100 wt% acetone solution, 5-100 wt% methanol solution, 5-100 wt% acetic acid solution, or the like.

[0021] In a specific embodiment, the polymer solution is squeezed out from a syringe and immersed in a poor solvent for solvent exchange for 2 to 120 minutes to obtain polymer fibers.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (3), the halogenated metal salt ionic liquid is selected from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium zinc bromide ([Bmim][Zn x Br y ]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Bmim][Ca x Br y ]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ferric bromide ([Bmim][Fe x Br y ]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium copper bromide ([Bmim][Cu x Br y ]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium zirconium bromide ([Bmim][Zr x Br y ]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][M x Cl y ], M is one or more of Zn, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zr), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium halide ([Emim][M x N y ], M is one or more of Zn, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zr, N is Cl and / or Br) and 1-propyl-3-methylimidazole halide ([Pmim][M x N y ], M is one or more of Zn, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zr, and N=Cl and / or Br).

[0023] Furthermore, in step (3), the mass ratio of the polymer fiber to the halide metal salt ionic liquid is 1:(0.1-100).

[0024] Furthermore, in step (3), the solvent exchange time is 2 to 120 minutes.

[0025] Furthermore, in step (3), after the solvent exchange is completed, a step of performing cyclic stretch-release training is also included.

[0026] Furthermore, the number of cycles of stretching-releasing training is 1 to 100.

[0027] Furthermore, the strain of the cyclic stretch-release training is 10% to 10000%.

[0028] In a specific embodiment, the polymer fiber is immersed in a halide metal salt ionic liquid for solvent exchange for 2 to 120 minutes, and then subjected to cyclic stretching-releasing training at a strain of 10% to 10000% for 1 to 100 cycles at 10 to 30° C. to obtain the ionic gel fiber.

[0029] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0030] The invention provides a method for preparing ion gel fiber based on halogenated metal salt ion liquid. The halogenated metal salt ion liquid weakens the intermolecular interaction between polymer chains, increases the free volume of the polymer and adjusts the conformation of the polymer, so that the fiber has stretchability; the rigid nanocrystal domain acts as a stress transmission and dissipation center, quickly transmits and dissipates stress, eliminates stress concentration, and strengthens the fiber; a tough supramolecular network is constructed through the strong interaction between ion clusters and ion clusters and between ion clusters and polymers, and the directional arrangement of the crystal domain toughens the fiber, balances the strength and toughness of the fiber material, and effectively solves the conflict between the high strength and high toughness of the fiber material; the abundant reversible interactions and the rapid dissociation of the nanocrystal domain dissipate a large amount of energy, endow the fiber with high energy dissipation efficiency and excellent damping capacity, and finally prepares the ion gel fiber with high strength, high toughness and high energy dissipation rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the toughening mechanism of ion gel fibers assisted by cyclic stretch-release training with halide metal salt ionic liquid.

[0032] Figure 2 The stress-strain curves of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 1 and the polyvinyl alcohol fiber prepared in Comparative Example 1 are shown in FIG. 1 ; wherein (a) is Example 1 and (b) is Comparative Example 1.

[0033] Figure 3 This is the stress-strain curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 2.

[0034] Figure 4 This is the stress-strain curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 3.

[0035] Figure 5This is the stress-strain curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 4.

[0036] Figure 6 This is the cyclic loading and unloading curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 4.

[0037] Figure 7 This is the stress-strain curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 5.

[0038] Figure 8 This is the stress-strain curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 6.

[0039] Fig. 9 These are stress-strain curves of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 7 and the polyacrylic acid fiber prepared in Comparative Example 2; wherein (a) is Comparative Example 2, and (b) is Example 7.

[0040] Fig.10 This is the stress-strain curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Comparative Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0042] The present invention provides a method for preparing ion gel fiber based on halometallate ionic liquid, comprising the following steps:

[0043] (1) dissolving a polymer in a good solvent to obtain a polymer solution; or dissolving a polymer monomer in a good solvent and performing a polymerization reaction under the action of an initiator to obtain a polymer solution;

[0044] (2) spinning the polymer solution obtained in step (1) in a poor solvent to obtain polymer fibers;

[0045] (3) Immersing the polymer fiber obtained in step (2) in a halide metal salt ionic liquid for solvent exchange to obtain an ion gel fiber.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0047] (1) dissolving a polymer in a good solvent and stirring for 0.5 to 10 hours to obtain a uniformly dispersed polymer solution; or dissolving a polymer monomer in a good solvent and performing a polymerization reaction under the action of an initiator to obtain a polymer solution;

[0048] (2) extruding the polymer solution from the syringe and immersing the solution in a poor solvent for solvent exchange for 2 to 120 minutes to obtain polymer fibers;

[0049] (3) The polymer fiber is immersed in a halide metal salt ionic liquid for solvent exchange for 2 to 120 minutes, and then subjected to cyclic stretching-releasing training at a strain of 10% to 10000% for 1 to 100 cycles at 10 to 30° C. to obtain an ionic gel fiber.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the strong interactions (abundant physical crosslinking) between the halometallate ionic liquids and between the halometallate ionic liquids and the polymers toughen the fibers without making them brittle, thereby improving the breaking strength and fracture toughness of the fibers.

[0051] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0052] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods, and the materials, reagents, etc. used are all available from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] A method for preparing ion gel fiber based on halometallate ionic liquid comprises the following steps:

[0055] (1) Dissolve 5 g of polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 198,000 Da) in 20 g of water and stir for 1 hour to obtain a uniformly dispersed polyvinyl alcohol solution;

[0056] (2) extruding the polyvinyl alcohol solution from the syringe and immersing it in a 75 wt % ethanol solution for solvent exchange for 5 min to obtain polyvinyl alcohol fibers;

[0057] (3) The polyvinyl alcohol fiber was immersed in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium zinc bromide ([Bmim][Zn x Br y ]) was subjected to solvent exchange for 30 min, and the polyvinyl alcohol fibers were mixed with [Bmim][Zn x Br y ] is in a mass ratio of 9:1 to obtain ion gel fiber.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] A method for preparing ion gel fiber based on halometallate ionic liquid comprises the following steps:

[0060] (1) Dissolve 5 g of polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 198,000 Da) in 20 g of water and stir for 1 hour to obtain a uniformly dispersed polyvinyl alcohol solution;

[0061] (2) extruding the polyvinyl alcohol solution from the syringe and immersing it in a 50 wt % ethanol solution for solvent exchange for 5 min to obtain polyvinyl alcohol fibers;

[0062] (3) The polyvinyl alcohol fiber was immersed in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium zinc bromide ([Bmim][Zn x Br y ]) was subjected to solvent exchange for 30 min, and the polyvinyl alcohol fibers were mixed with [Bmim][Zn x Br y ] is in a mass ratio of 9:1 to obtain ion gel fiber.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] A method for preparing ion gel fiber based on halometallate ionic liquid comprises the following steps:

[0065] (1) Dissolve 5 g of polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 198,000 Da) in 20 g of water and stir for 1 hour to obtain a uniformly dispersed polyvinyl alcohol solution;

[0066] (2) extruding the polyvinyl alcohol solution from the syringe and immersing it in a 75 wt % ethanol solution for solvent exchange for 5 min to obtain polyvinyl alcohol fibers;

[0067] (3) The polyvinyl alcohol fiber was immersed in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium zinc bromide ([Bmim][Zn x Br y ]) was subjected to solvent exchange for 10 min, and the polyvinyl alcohol fibers were mixed with [Bmim][Zn x Br y ] is in a mass ratio of 9:1 to obtain ion gel fiber.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] A method for preparing ion gel fiber based on halometallate ionic liquid comprises the following steps:

[0070] (1) Dissolve 5 g of polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 198,000 Da) in 20 g of water and stir for 1 hour to obtain a uniformly dispersed polyvinyl alcohol solution;

[0071] (2) extruding the polyvinyl alcohol solution from the syringe and immersing it in a 75 wt % ethanol solution for solvent exchange for 5 min to obtain polyvinyl alcohol fibers;

[0072] (3) The polyvinyl alcohol fiber was immersed in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium zinc bromide ([Bmim][Zn x Br y ]) was subjected to solvent exchange for 30 min, and the polyvinyl alcohol fibers were mixed with [Bmim][Zn x Br y ] with a mass ratio of 9:1, and then cyclic stretching-release training with a strain of 2000% was carried out at 20°C for 5 cycles to obtain ion gel fibers.

[0073] Example 5

[0074] A method for preparing ion gel fiber based on halometallate ionic liquid comprises the following steps:

[0075] (1) Dissolve 5 g of polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 198,000 Da) in 20 g of water and stir for 1 hour to obtain a uniformly dispersed polyvinyl alcohol solution;

[0076] (2) extruding the polyvinyl alcohol solution from the syringe and immersing it in a 75 wt % ethanol solution for solvent exchange for 5 min to obtain polyvinyl alcohol fibers;

[0077] (3) The polyvinyl alcohol fiber was immersed in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ferric bromide ([Bmim][Fe x Br y ]) was subjected to solvent exchange for 30 min, and the polyvinyl alcohol fibers were mixed with [Bmim][Fe x Br y ] with a mass ratio of 9:1, and then cyclic stretching-release training with a strain of 2000% was carried out at 20°C for 5 cycles to obtain ion gel fibers.

[0078] Example 6

[0079] A method for preparing ion gel fiber based on halometallate ionic liquid comprises the following steps:

[0080] (1) Dissolve 5 g of polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 198,000 Da) in 20 g of water and stir for 1 hour to obtain a uniformly dispersed polyvinyl alcohol solution;

[0081] (2) extruding the polyvinyl alcohol solution from the syringe and immersing it in a 75 wt % ethanol solution for solvent exchange for 5 min to obtain polyvinyl alcohol fibers;

[0082] (3) The polyvinyl alcohol fiber was immersed in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium copper bromide ([Bmim][Cu x Br y ]) was subjected to solvent exchange for 30 min, and the polyvinyl alcohol fibers were mixed with [Bmim][Cu x Bry ] with a mass ratio of 9:1, and then cyclic stretching-release training with a strain of 2000% was carried out at 20°C for 5 cycles to obtain ion gel fibers.

[0083] Example 7

[0084] A method for preparing ion gel fiber based on halometallate ionic liquid comprises the following steps:

[0085] (1) polymerizing acrylic acid, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and water (the mass ratio of acrylic acid, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and solvent is 2:0.01:8) under 365 nm, 30 W ultraviolet light for 20 min to obtain a polyacrylic acid solution;

[0086] (2) extruding the polyacrylic acid solution from the syringe and immersing it in a 100 wt % acetonitrile solution for solvent exchange for 5 min to obtain polyacrylic acid fibers;

[0087] (3) The polyacrylic acid fiber was impregnated with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium copper bromide ([Bmim][Cu x Br y ]) was subjected to solvent exchange for 30 min, and the polyacrylic acid fiber and [Bmim][Cu x Br y ] with a mass ratio of 9:1, and then cyclic stretching-release training with a strain of 2000% was carried out at 20°C for 5 cycles to obtain ion gel fibers.

[0088] Comparative Example 1

[0089] A method for preparing polyvinyl alcohol fiber comprises the following steps:

[0090] (1) Dissolve 5 g of polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 198,000 Da) in 20 g of water and stir for 1 hour to obtain a uniformly dispersed polyvinyl alcohol solution;

[0091] (2) The polyvinyl alcohol solution was squeezed out of the syringe and immersed in a 75 wt % ethanol solution for solvent exchange for 5 minutes to obtain polyvinyl alcohol fibers.

[0092] Comparative Example 2

[0093] A method for preparing polyacrylic fiber comprises the following steps:

[0094] (1) polymerizing acrylic acid, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and water (the mass ratio of acrylic acid, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and solvent is 2:0.01:8) under 365 nm, 30 W ultraviolet light for 20 min to obtain a polyacrylic acid solution;

[0095] (2) The polyacrylic acid solution was squeezed out from the syringe and immersed in a 100 wt % acetonitrile solution for solvent exchange for 5 minutes to obtain polyacrylic acid fibers.

[0096] Comparative Example 3

[0097] A method for preparing ion gel fiber based on non-halogenated metal salt ionic liquid comprises the following steps:

[0098] (1) Dissolve 5 g of polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 198,000 Da) in 20 g of water and stir for 1 hour to obtain a uniformly dispersed polyvinyl alcohol solution;

[0099] (2) extruding the polyvinyl alcohol solution from the syringe and immersing it in a 75 wt % ethanol solution for solvent exchange for 5 min to obtain polyvinyl alcohol fibers;

[0100] (3) The polyvinyl alcohol fiber was immersed in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Bmim]Br) for solvent exchange for 30 minutes to obtain ion gel fiber.

[0101] Test Case

[0102] The tensile properties of the ion gel fibers prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and the fibers prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were tested on an electronic tensile testing machine (Instron 5965) equipped with a 50-N mechanical sensor at 20°C. The tensile speed was 50 mm·min -1 , the test results are as follows:

[0103] Figure 2 The stress-strain curves of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 1 and the polyvinyl alcohol fiber prepared in Comparative Example 1 are shown in the figure. It can be seen from the figure that the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is subjected to the stress-strain curves of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 1 and the polyvinyl alcohol fiber prepared in Comparative Example 1. x Br y ] After solvent exchange in the reactor, the breaking strength and toughness of the fiber were greatly improved, by about 20 times.

[0104] Figure 3 The stress-strain curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 2 shows that the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is x Br y ], the breaking stress and breaking strain of the ion gel fibers were greatly improved after solvent exchange in .

[0105] Figure 4 The stress-strain curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 3 shows that the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is x Br y] after solvent exchange, the mechanical properties of ion gel fibers were greatly improved.

[0106] Figure 5 is the stress-strain curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 4, Figure 6 The cyclic loading and unloading curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 4 illustrates the [Bmim][Zn x Br y ]The toughening-assisted cyclic stretch-release training strategy improves the strength, strain, toughness and energy dissipation of fiber materials under impact.

[0107] Figure 7 The stress-strain curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 5 shows that [Bmim][Fe x Br y ]The toughening-assisted cyclic stretch-release training strategy significantly improved the fracture stress, fracture strain and toughness of the fiber material.

[0108] Figure 8 The stress-strain curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 6 shows that [Bmim][Cu x Br y ]The toughening-assisted cyclic stretch-release training strategy significantly improved the mechanical properties of the fiber material.

[0109] Fig. 9 The stress-strain curves of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 7 and the polyacrylic acid fiber prepared in Comparative Example 2 are shown in the figure. It can be seen from the figure that the polyacrylic acid fiber is subjected to the stress-strain curves of the ion gel fiber prepared in Example 7 and the polyacrylic acid fiber prepared in Comparative Example 2. x Br y ]After solvent exchange in , the strength, strain and toughness of the fibers were greatly improved.

[0110] Fig.10 This is the stress-strain curve of the ion gel fiber prepared in Comparative Example 3. It can be seen from the figure that compared with the solvent exchange in the non-halogenated metal salt ion liquid ([Bmim]Br), after the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is solvent exchanged in the halogenated metal salt ion liquid, the fiber's breaking strength is increased by 4 times, and the breaking strength is increased by 2 times, which proves that the halogenated metal salt ion liquid can strengthen and toughen the ion gel fiber.

[0111] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing ion gel fiber based on halide metal salt ionic liquid, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) dissolving a polymer in a good solvent to obtain a polymer solution; or dissolving a polymer monomer in a good solvent and performing a polymerization reaction under the action of an initiator to obtain a polymer solution; the polymer is selected from one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, poly(N, N-dimethylacrylamide), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride), poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propylenesulfonic acid), polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, polymethacrylic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, poly(dimethylaminopropylacrylamide), poly(2-carboxyethyl acrylate), poly(vinylphosphonic acid), poly(p-styrenesulfonic acid), polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile, polylactic acid and polycaprolactone; the polymer monomer is selected from one or more of acrylamide, acrylic acid, N, One or more of N-dimethylacrylamide, ethyl methacrylate, acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propylenesulfonic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, 2-carboxyethylacrylate, vinylphosphonic acid, p-styrenesulfonic acid and acrylonitrile; (2) spinning the polymer solution obtained in step (1) in a poor solvent to obtain polymer fibers; (3) immersing the polymer fiber obtained in step (2) in a halide metal salt ionic liquid for solvent exchange to obtain an ion gel fiber; The halogenated metal acid salt ionic liquid is selected from one or more of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium zinc bromide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium calcium bromide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ferric bromide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium copper bromide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium zirconium bromide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium halide and 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium halide.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the molecular weight of the polymer is 5,000 to 1,000,000 Da.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the good solvent is selected from one or more of water, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, acetonitrile, acetone, methanol, acetic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the mass ratio of the polymer to the good solvent is 1:(0.1-10).

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the poor solvent is selected from one or more of ethanol, acetonitrile, acetone, methanol and acetic acid.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: In step (2), the mass fraction of the poor solvent is 5% to 100%.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (3), the mass ratio of the polymer fiber to the halide metal salt ionic liquid is 1:(0.1-100).

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (3), after the solvent exchange is completed, a step of performing cyclic stretch-release training is also included.

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