Indoor sound insulation structure

Abstract

The invention discloses an indoor sound insulation structure, and relates to the technical field of sound insulation, and the indoor sound insulation structure comprises a sound barrier and an anti-reflection device. The anti-reflection device is located above the sound barrier, the anti-reflection device and the sound barrier are arranged in a spaced mode, at least the part, facing the sound barrier, of the anti-reflection device is made of a sound absorption material so as to absorb sound transmitted from the lower portion to the anti-reflection device, and then sound reflected from one side of the sound barrier to the other side of the sound barrier is reduced. As the sound barrier does not need to be connected with the ground and the ceiling, the sound barrier is more convenient to move, disassemble and assemble, the small compartments do not need to be provided with complete equipment and measures such as fire sprayers, and cost reduction is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sound insulation, and in particular to an indoor sound insulation structure. Background Art

[0002] Sound barrier 10 is a sound insulation and noise reduction device. Figure 1 , which is arranged between the sound source 11 and the protection area 12, can block the sound of the sound source 11 from propagating to the protection area 12, thereby reducing the sound pressure level in the protection area 12 and reducing the impact of the sound of the sound source 11 on the protection area 12.

[0003] For example, sound barriers 10 are installed on both sides of roads, expressways, elevated composite roads, etc. to reduce the impact of vehicle noise on the area outside the road. For another example, sound barriers 10 can be used indoors to divide a large space into several small rooms and reduce the impact of sound between rooms.

[0004] The applicant has found that building partition walls (for example, using sound barriers as partition walls) indoors (especially in large flats) to form independent small compartments often has several problems:

[0005] 1. After the partition wall is built, its position is basically fixed and it is difficult to move;

[0006] 2. In order to meet the needs of wall sound insulation, the wall often needs to be connected to the ceiling and the ground, which makes it relatively difficult to restore the original state later;

[0007] 3. For fire safety, the cubicle also needs to be equipped with complete fire sprinklers and other equipment and measures, which increases complexity and cost.

[0008] According to current office needs, many companies hope to build flexible offices in the flats according to their own needs when renting office buildings, but they need to restore them to their original state after the lease expires. These offices are complicated to dismantle, and it will be more time-consuming and laborious if fire-fighting equipment is involved.

[0009] The above contents are only used to help understand the technical solution of the present application and do not constitute an admission that the above contents are prior art. Summary of the invention

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide an indoor sound insulation structure so as to have good sound insulation performance when indoor partitioning and reduce the cost.

[0011] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention proposes an indoor sound insulation structure, comprising:

[0012] Noise barriers; and,

[0013] The anti-reflection device is located above the sound barrier and spaced apart from the sound barrier, and at least the portion of the anti-reflection device facing the sound barrier is made of sound-absorbing material.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In the present invention, the indoor sound insulation structure includes a sound barrier and an anti-reflection device, the anti-reflection device is located above the sound barrier and spaced apart from the sound barrier, and at least the portion of the anti-reflection device facing the sound barrier is made of sound-absorbing material to absorb the sound propagating from below to the anti-reflection device, thereby reducing the sound reflected from one side of the sound barrier to the other side. Since the sound barrier does not need to be connected to the ground and the ceiling, it is easier to move and disassemble the sound barrier, and the small compartment does not need to be equipped with complete fire sprinkler and other equipment and measures, which is conducive to reducing costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the location of the sound barrier mentioned in the background technology section.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-diffraction device in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the anti-reflection device includes a rectangular sound absorbing unit.

[0017] Figure 3 An application of an embodiment of the present invention is Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the sound barrier of the anti-reflection device shown.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the position of the sound barrier when modeling in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5a It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in which a sound absorbing structure is arranged on the top of the sound barrier.

[0020] Figure 5b It is a schematic diagram of an upright sound barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 yes Figure 5a Sound absorption coefficient curve of medium sound absorbing structure.

[0022] Figure 7a and Figure 7b yes Figure 5a and Figure 5b Difference sound field diagram of the sound barrier shown.

[0023] Figure 7c is Figure 5a The sound absorption coefficient curve shown in the figure marks the sound absorption coefficient curve of the anti-diffraction sound barrier after the reduction of the sound pressure level in the protected area compared with the upright sound barrier.

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-diffraction device in an embodiment of the present invention, in which a through hole is provided on only one side.

[0025] Fig. 9 yes Figure 2 and Figure 8 The sound absorption coefficient curve of the anti-diffraction device is shown.

[0026] Fig.10 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an anti-diffraction device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Fig.11 It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-diffraction device in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the anti-diffraction device includes a traditional wedge-type sound absorbing unit.

[0028] Fig.12a It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-diffraction device in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the anti-diffraction device comprises discrete wedge-shaped sound absorbing units, and adjacent sound absorbing panels are arranged in close contact.

[0029] Figure 12b It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-diffraction device in an embodiment of the present invention. The anti-diffraction device includes discrete wedge-shaped sound absorbing units, and adjacent sound absorbing panels are arranged at intervals.

[0030] Fig.13 It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-diffraction device in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the anti-diffraction device includes a double-plate sound absorbing unit.

[0031] Fig.14a and Fig.14b yes Fig.13 Sound pressure level field diagram of the sound barrier and upright sound barrier shown.

[0032] Fig.15a It is a schematic diagram of modeling various sound barriers when performing simulation in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Fig.15b It is a schematic diagram of a model when performing simulation in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] Fig.15c is through Fig.15b The model pair Fig.15a Diffraction energy curves obtained after energy flux integration for various sound barriers.

[0035] Fig.15d Yes Fig.15c The curve graph is obtained by enlarging the area of ​​200Hz to 800Hz.

[0036] Figures 16a to 16c yes Fig.15a The difference sound field diagram between other sound barriers and upright sound barriers.

[0037] Fig.17 It is a curve of sound absorption coefficient of double-layer PET plate, rectangular glass fiber, glass fiber wedge and PET wedge type sound absorption units.

[0038] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the sound wave transmitted by the sound-absorbing wedge.

[0039] Fig.19 It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-diffraction device in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the anti-diffraction device includes an integrated sound absorbing unit provided with a cavity.

[0040] Fig. 20 It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-diffraction device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the anti-diffraction device comprises an inverse wedge-type (without small cavity) sound absorbing unit.

[0041] Fig.21 It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-diffraction device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the anti-diffraction device comprises an inverse wedge-type (with a small cavity) sound absorbing unit.

[0042] Fig.22a It is a schematic diagram of the structure of two layers of sound absorbing panels in one embodiment of the present invention placed together.

[0043] Figure 22b yes Fig.22a Schematic diagram of two layers of sound absorbing panels placed separately.

[0044] Fig.22c yes Fig.22a and Figure 22b Graph of the sound absorption coefficient for the structure shown.

[0045] Fig.23 It is a curve of sound absorption coefficient when the sound absorption unit is a wedge, an inverse wedge (with a small cavity) and an inverse wedge (without a small cavity).

[0046] Fig.24a It is a diffraction energy curve diagram of the upright sound barrier in the present invention and the sound barrier having a double-plate sound absorbing unit, a wedge (PET) sound absorbing unit, a wedge (glass fiber) sound absorbing unit, a rectangular glass fiber sound absorbing unit, an inverse wedge (with a small cavity) sound absorbing unit and an inverse wedge (without a small cavity) sound absorbing unit respectively.

[0047] Figure 24b Yes Fig.24a The curve graph is obtained by enlarging the frequency band above 200Hz.

[0048] Fig.25a and Fig.25b It is the difference sound field diagram between the sound barrier with a sound absorbing unit of an inverse wedge structure (with a small cavity) and the upright sound barrier.

[0049] Fig.26 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a sound absorbing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the number of sound absorbing panels is an even number.

[0050] Fig.27a 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sound absorbing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the sound absorbing panel includes two sub-sound absorbing panels bonded together.

[0051] Figure 27b 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sound absorbing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the sound absorbing panel includes two sub-sound absorbing panels arranged at intervals.

[0052] Fig.28a It is a schematic diagram of a clamping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Fig.28b yes Fig.29 Enlarged view of part I in the middle.

[0054] Fig.29 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anti-diffraction device according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the housing includes a bottom plate.

[0055] Fig.30 An embodiment of the present invention has Fig.29 Schematic diagram of the structure of the sound barrier of the anti-diffraction device shown.

[0056] Fig.31 An embodiment of the present invention has Fig.21 Schematic diagram of the structure of the sound barrier of the anti-diffraction device shown.

[0057] Fig.32a It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an upright sound barrier in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 32b to Figure 32d Schematic diagrams of the structures of sound barriers with sound absorbing units of reverse wedge type (with small cavity), double plate type and ordinary wedge type respectively.

[0059] Fig.33 It is an application Figures 32a to 32d The frequency response curve of the protected area behind the sound barrier is shown.

[0060] Fig.34a It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-diffraction device in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the shell of the anti-diffraction device is made of sound-absorbing material.

[0061] Fig.34b yes Fig.34a Enlarged view of part II.

[0062] Fig.35aSchematic diagram of an indoor sound insulation structure of an embodiment of the present invention, in which the anti-reflection device is connected to the ceiling.

[0063] Fig.35b It is a schematic diagram of an indoor sound insulation structure of an embodiment of the present invention, in which the anti-reflection device is connected to the sound barrier.

[0064] Fig.36a Schematic diagram of an indoor sound insulation structure of an embodiment of the present invention, in which the anti-reflection device includes a single-layer anti-reflection plate.

[0065] Fig.36b Schematic diagram of an indoor sound insulation structure of an embodiment of the present invention, in which the anti-reflection device includes a double-layer anti-reflection plate.

[0066] Fig.36c It is a schematic diagram of an indoor sound insulation structure of an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the anti-reflection device includes a double-layer anti-reflection plate and is connected to the sound barrier.

[0067] Fig.36d It is a schematic diagram of an anti-reflection device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Fig.37 1 is a graph showing the sound absorption coefficient of the anti-reflection device having a single-layer anti-reflection plate and the anti-reflection device having a double-layer anti-reflection plate in the present invention.

[0069] Fig.38 1 is an insertion loss curve diagram of the anti-reflection device of the present invention having a double-layer anti-reflection plate of different lengths.

[0070] Fig.39a It is a schematic diagram of an indoor sound insulation structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] Fig.39b is a schematic diagram of an indoor sound insulation structure of an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.39a An anti-reflection device having a single-layer anti-reflection plate is added.

[0072] Fig.39c is a schematic diagram of an indoor sound insulation structure of an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.39b An anti-reflection device with a double-layer anti-reflection plate is added.

[0073] Fig.39d is a schematic diagram of an indoor sound insulation structure of an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.39c , an anti-diffraction device is installed on the top of the sound barrier.

[0074] Fig.40 yes Figures 39a to 39d Insertion loss curve of indoor sound insulation structure shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, rather than to limit the present application. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only some structures related to the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, rather than all structures. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0076] The terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0077] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0078] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention proposes an anti-diffraction device 51, which includes a shell 2 and a sound absorbing unit 3 arranged inside the shell 2.

[0079] The housing 2 includes a first side panel 20, a second side panel 21, and a top panel 22 connected to the top of the first side panel 20 and the second side panel 21. The first side panel 20 and the second side panel 21 are provided with through holes 200. A cavity 23 is formed between the first side panel 20, the second side panel 21, and the top panel 22. The sound absorbing unit 3 is disposed in the cavity 23 and is made of a sound absorbing material (or porous material), such as glass fiber, rock wool, sponge, foam metal, PET (polyester fiber), or melamine foam.

[0080] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when in use, the anti-diffraction device 51 is located on the top of the sound barrier 5, and the sound barrier 5 is located between the sound source 11 and the protection area 12, and is used to reduce the sound transmitted from the sound source 11 to the protection area 12. Through holes 200 are opened on the first side plate 20 and the second side plate 21, and the sound can enter through the through holes 200 and be absorbed by the internal sound absorbing unit 3.

[0081] Firstly, the anti-diffraction device 51 is internally provided with a sound absorbing unit 3 which can come into contact with external sounds, that is, the top of the sound barrier 5 is relatively soft, which can reduce the impedance of the top. Compared with the traditional sound barrier with a hard top, on the one hand, it can absorb the sound at the top, and on the other hand, the smaller impedance can reduce the sudden change of impedance at the end, thereby reducing the pressure difference and particle vibration velocity on both sides of the sound barrier, thereby reducing the sound diffracted from the top to the protection area 12.

[0082] In order to simulate the sound insulation effect of sound barrier 5, this paper uses Figure 4 The model shown is simulated. Figure 4 In the figure, the left side of the sound barrier 5 is the sound source 11, which is a point sound source during the simulation. The sound source 11 is 0.5 m from the ground and 3 m away from the sound barrier 5. The right side is the protection area 12.

[0083] In order to verify the influence of the sound absorption coefficient on the rear of the sound barrier 5, this paper compares the sound insulation effect of the sound barrier 5 with a sound absorption structure 5a on the top of the sound barrier 5 (hereinafter referred to as the anti-diffraction sound barrier 5) and the sound barrier 5 without a sound absorption structure on the top (hereinafter referred to as the upright sound barrier or normal sound barrier or ordinary sound barrier). Figure 5a and Figure 5b As shown in FIG. 1 , the two sound barriers 5 are of the same height, both 3 m, and the difference is that the top 0.5 m of one sound barrier 5 is a sound absorbing structure 5a, while the other is not provided with a sound absorbing structure 5a. The sound absorption coefficient and frequency of the sound absorbing structure 5a show a periodic fluctuation phenomenon, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown. Figure 6 It can be seen that the sound absorbing structure 5a has good sound absorption performance at about 200 Hz, 500 Hz and 820 Hz, and the sound absorption coefficient is <0.1 at about 350 Hz and 690 Hz.

[0084] The sound field distribution of the two sound barriers 5 in the protection area 12 under the same sound source is obtained by simulation, and the sound field of the upright sound barrier 5 at several frequencies (specifically 200 Hz, 350 Hz, 500 Hz, 690 Hz and 820 Hz) is subtracted from the sound field of the anti-diffraction sound barrier 5 to obtain Figure 7a and Figure 7b The difference sound field diagram (or difference sound pressure level field diagram) shown in the figure shows that the sound pressure level of the protection area 12 is the difference in sound pressure at the protection area 12 when the two types of sound barriers 5 are applied respectively (i.e., the increase in insertion loss). The larger the value, the greater the drop in sound pressure. It can be seen from the figure that in the frequency band with high sound absorption coefficient (200Hz, 500Hz, 820Hz), the sound pressure level of the protection area 12 of the sound barrier 5 is lower, and in the frequency band with low sound absorption coefficient (350Hz, 690Hz), the sound pressure level of the protection area of ​​the sound barrier 5 is almost the same as that of the upright sound barrier 5. Figure 7cIn the graph, the reduction in sound pressure level of the anti-diffraction sound barrier 5 at the peaks and valleys of the sound absorption coefficient compared to the upright sound barrier 5 in the protection area 12 is marked.

[0085] It can be seen that the anti-diffraction effect is directly related to the sound absorption performance of the top structure of the sound barrier 5. It is speculated that one possible reason for this is that the strong sound absorption structure at the top absorbs the noise energy, and the diffracted energy will naturally weaken. Therefore, the anti-diffraction device 51 with good sound absorption performance is arranged at the top of the sound barrier 5, which will effectively reduce the sound pressure of the sound wave diffracted from the top of the sound barrier 5 to the protection area 12, thereby improving the sound insulation effect of the sound barrier 5.

[0086] In the second aspect, in the present invention, both the first side plate 20 and the second side plate 21 are provided with through holes 200, compared with the first side plate 20 facing the sound source only having holes and the second side plate 21 facing the protection area 12 having no holes (refer to Figure 8 ) structure can effectively increase the sound absorption effect in the lower frequency band. Fig. 9 As shown, Fig. 9 Shows Figure 2 and Figure 8 The curves of the sound absorption coefficients of the two structures. In the figure, the conventional layout curve corresponds to Figure 8 The structure shown, the anti-diffraction layout curve corresponds to Figure 2 As shown in the structures, both are filled with sound-absorbing materials such as glass fiber and asbestos in the outer shell 2. It can be seen from the figure that with the increase of frequency, the sound absorption coefficient of the conventional layout gradually increases from 0, but the sound absorption coefficient of the anti-diffraction layout gradually increases from 0.5. In terms of frequency band, the low-frequency sound absorption coefficient of the anti-diffraction layout is much higher than that of the conventional layout, which can further improve the sound insulation effect of the sound barrier 5.

[0087] In some embodiments, in order to ensure the sound absorption effect, the perforation rate of the first side panel 20 and the second side panel 21 is greater than or equal to 15%, so that the sound waves can reliably enter the cavity 23. The perforation rate can be understood as the ratio of the total area of ​​all the through holes 200 on the side panel to the area enclosed by the outer contour of the side panel. The number of the through holes 200 can be one or more, as long as the ratio of the total area of ​​all the through holes 200 to the area enclosed by the outer contour of the side panel where they are located is greater than or equal to 15%.

[0088] Optionally, in order to ensure the reliability of sound transmission, there are multiple through holes 200. The more evenly they are distributed on the side panels, the more conducive it is to ensure the balance of sound absorption in different areas of the anti-diffraction device, thereby improving the sound absorption effect. Therefore, the through holes 200 can be evenly distributed on the side panels. The shape of the through holes 200 is not limited, for example, it can be a circular hole (refer to Fig.10 ), square hole, triangular hole, elliptical hole, long hole (reference Figure 32b) or special-shaped holes, etc. In some embodiments, a 10 mm hole can be punched every 20 mm.

[0089] In some embodiments, the shell 2 is made of a hard material, and its impedance is more than 100 times that of air impedance. For example, it can be made of metal, or made of plastic and other materials with hard acoustic impedance relative to air. It should be noted that in this article, unless otherwise specified, impedance refers to acoustic impedance. The thickness of the shell 2 can be adjusted according to the strength and rigidity of different materials. Generally speaking, 1 to 5 mm is preferred in engineering, but it is of course not limited to this. The hard shell can reflect sound waves, and the through holes can introduce sound waves into the sound absorbing unit to reduce diffraction, thereby having a good sound insulation effect for low and medium and high frequencies. In some embodiments, the shell 2 is made of sound absorbing material, for example, it is made of the same material as the sound absorbing unit 3, which can further improve the anti-diffraction effect. Since the sound absorbing material itself can allow sound waves to penetrate into the interior, it is not necessary to drill holes in the shell 2 (of course, holes can also be drilled), and its acoustic impedance and density can be set smaller than that of a hard shell.

[0090] It is understandable that the shell 2 can protect the internal sound absorbing unit 3. When the sound barrier 5 is used in outdoor scenes, the requirements for wind and rain protection are relatively high, and the shell 2 can be selected as a hard material (of course, it can also be selected as a sound absorbing material); when the sound barrier 5 is used in indoor scenes, the requirements for wind and rain protection are relatively low, and it can be selected as a hard material or a sound absorbing material. In order to improve the overall waterproof effect, a waterproof coating can be sprayed on the surface of the sound absorbing unit 3. When the shell 2 is made of a sound absorbing material, a waterproof coating can also be sprayed.

[0091] The structure of the sound absorbing unit 3 can be diversified, and the following describes several structures of the sound absorbing unit 3 as examples (Examples 1 to 7). In the present invention, the length direction, width (or thickness) direction, and height direction are indicated with reference to the directions shown in the figure.

[0092] Example 1 - Block Type

[0093] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the sound absorbing unit 3 is in a block shape filled in the cavity 23, and the sound absorbing unit 3 is made of sound absorbing materials such as glass fiber or PET.

[0094] In some embodiments, the width of the sound absorbing unit 3 gradually increases from the top plate 22 toward the side away from the top plate 22 , such as shown in Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3.

[0095] Example 2 - Traditional wedge type (or integrated wedge type, ordinary wedge type)

[0096] In this embodiment, Fig.11As shown, the sound absorbing unit 3 is an integrally formed sound absorbing wedge, the cross section of which is conical, and the top of the sound absorbing wedge faces the top plate 22 .

[0097] Example 3 - Discrete Wedge Type

[0098] In this embodiment, Fig.12a and Figure 12b As shown, the sound absorbing unit 3 includes a plurality of sound absorbing panels 30 arranged along the width direction of the shell 2, and the heights of the plurality of sound absorbing panels 30 gradually increase from the first side panel 20 and the second side panel 21 toward the middle of the cavity 23, and the closer to the middle the sound absorbing panel 30 is, the greater the height is. In this way, the width of the sound absorbing unit 3 increases toward both sides.

[0099] Fig.12a In the embodiment, two adjacent sound absorbing panels 30 are attached to each other. Figure 12b In the embodiment, two adjacent sound absorbing panels 30 are arranged at an interval.

[0100] Example 4 - Double Plate Type

[0101] In this embodiment, Fig.13 As shown, the sound absorbing unit 3 includes two sound absorbing plates 30 that are relatively spaced apart from each other. The two sound absorbing plates 30 are separated by air, and the sound absorbing plates 30 are made of sound absorbing material.

[0102] Optionally, the two sound absorbing panels 30 are respectively attached to the first side panel 20 and the second side panel 21 to maximize the distance between the sound absorbing panels 30. The larger the distance between the two sound absorbing panels 30, the larger the space between them, which is conducive to obtaining a good sound absorption effect at low frequencies.

[0103] Optionally, the thickness of the sound absorbing plate 30 is 3 to 36 mm, and the density of the sound absorbing plate 30 is 110 to 420 kg / m 3 The greater the density, the thinner the thickness of the sound absorbing plate 30 can be, so that the acoustic impedance of the sound absorbing plate 30 is more closely matched with the acoustic impedance of air, thereby improving the sound absorption effect and the anti-diffraction effect.

[0104] For example, for ordinary boards (density about 180-230 kg / m 3 For example, PET board, the thickness of the sound absorbing board 30 is preferably 6 to 24 mm. For high-density board (density is about 360 to 420 kg / m 3 , such as PET board), the thickness of the sound absorbing board 30 is preferably 3 to 8 mm; for low-density boards (density is about 110 to 180 kg / m 3 , such as PET board), the thickness of the sound absorbing board 30 is preferably 10 to 36 mm.

[0105] The sound pressure level field of the sound barrier 5 with the double-plate sound absorbing unit 3 and the sound pressure level field of the upright sound barrier 5 are obtained by modeling, and the sound pressure level field of the sound barrier with the double-plate sound absorbing unit 3 is subtracted from the sound pressure level field of the upright sound barrier 5 to obtain Fig.14a and Fig.14b In the sound pressure level field diagram shown, the normal sound barrier is a vertical sound barrier, and the anti-diffraction sound barrier is a sound barrier with a double-plate sound absorbing unit 3. It can be seen from the figure that the anti-diffraction sound barrier has an overall improved sound insulation effect in the low-frequency broadband range compared to the vertical sound barrier 5.

[0106] In order to verify the influence of different structures of sound absorbing units 3 on the anti-diffraction effect, this part uses finite element software to model and calculate the influence of the top structure of the sound barrier 5 on the diffraction effect. Fig.15a , the structure of each model is as follows:

[0107] ① Vertical sound barrier 5, height 3.5m, thickness 0.1m.

[0108] ②Wedge-type sound barrier 5, height 3.5m, the top 0.5m is a triangular wedge, the bottom width of the triangular wedge is 0.1m, and the height is 0.5m.

[0109] The wedge materials are selected from the following two types:

[0110] Flow resistance Porosity Tortuosity Factor Thermal characteristic length Viscous characteristic length Standard PET board 74031 0.967 1.018 7.58e-05 4.96e-3 Low density glass fiber 11900 0.989 1.011 3.02e-04 1.43e-04

[0111] ③ Rectangular sound absorbing material (i.e., block-type sound absorbing unit 3) sound barrier 5, height 3.5m, top 0.5m is rectangular sound absorbing material, the width of the rectangle is 0.1m, the height is 0.5m, and the material is low-density glass fiber.

[0112] ④ Double-layer plate type sound barrier 5, the material of the sound absorbing plate 30 is PET, the thickness of the sound absorbing plate 30 is 9 mm, the height is 0.5 m, the distance between the two layers of plate is about 0.08 m, and they are separated by air.

[0113] Schematic diagrams of the four models are shown in Fig.15a .

[0114] The model is modeled by finite element software. Fig.15b As shown, the black dot on the left is the sound source, the barrier is located at the lower left, and the energy flow of the blue line segment on the right is integrated to obtain the sound wave energy diffracted into the protection area.

[0115] The simulation results are as follows Fig.15c and Fig.15d As shown, Fig.15c is the result of the energy flow integration of the blue line segment, Fig.15d For Fig.15c The curve graph is obtained by enlarging the area of ​​200Hz to 800Hz.

[0116] Some conclusions can be drawn from the figure:

[0117] ① The vertical sound barrier 5 (blue line) has the highest diffracted energy;

[0118] ② The wedge type has a better anti-diffraction effect than the upright type, and the wedge made of glass fiber has a better effect than the wedge made of PET. Because the wedge made of PET sheet has a higher density and impedance, the effect is not good (red line). The wedge made of low-density glass fiber is better than the wedge made of PET sheet (light blue line segment). Therefore, reducing the density of the sound absorbing unit 3 is conducive to improving the sound insulation effect of the sound barrier 5;

[0119] ③ The rectangular sound absorbing material sound barrier 5 (purple) has a similar effect to the double-layer PET board (9mm), and the diffraction energy is minimal.

[0120] The same effect can be seen from the sound field diagram. Figures 16a to 16c These are the difference sound field diagrams (increment of insertion loss) of the upright sound barrier and the wedge-shaped, rectangular, and double-plate sound barriers 5 at 100Hz, 200Hz, and 300Hz respectively:

[0121] Fig.17 It is the sound absorption coefficient curve of the sound absorption units in the above four structures (double-layer PET plate, rectangular glass fiber, glass fiber wedge and PET wedge). Figures 16a to 16c The three field diagrams of the sound absorption coefficient are basically consistent with each other. Considering the reasons, the sound absorption coefficients of several structures are analyzed as follows:

[0122] ① Considering that the structure is installed on the top of the sound barrier 5, its installation method is consistent with the direction of sound wave propagation. Fig.18 As shown, sound waves basically propagate from left to right, so the wedge structure may not have good sound absorption performance for laterally propagating sound waves.

[0123] ②The selection of wedge material is also very important. If PET sheet is used to make the wedge, its density and flow resistance are too large, impedance mismatch, and sound absorption performance is weak. Therefore, a lighter and fluffy material should be selected to make the wedge. The low-density glass fiber wedge (light blue curve) has better low-frequency sound absorption performance than the PET wedge (red curve).

[0124] ③ By designing a double-layer PET board, higher sound absorption performance at low frequencies can be achieved, and its effect is comparable to that of a 10cm thick low-density glass fiber ( Fig.17 medium blue and green curves).

[0125] ④ Structures with good sound absorption performance also have better anti-diffraction effect. The trends of the sound absorption coefficient curve and the diffraction energy curve can confirm each other.

[0126] ⑤ The key point of the anti-diffraction sound-absorbing structure is that the left and right sides of the sound-absorbing material are connected, and there is no sealed baffle, so that the sound waves can be transmitted from the left side to the right side, so that the low-frequency sound absorption performance will be high. By setting the shell 2 with holes on both sides, or setting the shell 2 to be made of sound-absorbing material, the two sides of the sound-absorbing unit 3 can be connected.

[0127] Through the above analysis, it can be found that the low-frequency sound absorption coefficient of the double-layer PET sheet can be better than that of the wedge structure, but the mid-high frequency performance is not necessarily better than that of the wedge. For this reason, the structure of the sound absorbing unit 3 can be further improved. In some embodiments, the sound absorbing unit 3 is configured as an inverted wedge structure, that is, an inverted wedge-shaped (or inverted wedge-shaped, inverted wedge-shaped) cavity 31 is provided on the top, and the width of the cavity 31 decreases toward the side away from the top plate 22, such as the structures described in Examples 5 to 7.

[0128] The advantage of doing this is that the sound absorbing unit 3 at the bottom is thicker, which can play a better role in sound insulation, and the thickness of the sound absorbing unit 3 at a high position gradually decreases to form a gradient. In addition, since the sound absorbing units 3 on both sides are clamped to form a cavity 31, the structure at a high position can achieve a very good sound absorption effect. The overall structure has both good sound absorption performance, which can reduce low-frequency noise diffraction, and a gradual structure, which can reduce high-frequency noise diffraction and has good broadband characteristics, so it can combine the advantages of the "spike" in the middle and high frequencies and the characteristics of the "double-layer thin plate" with better low-frequency performance.

[0129] If you want to improve the low-frequency sound absorption effect, the gradient (i.e. the rate of decrease in the height of the sound-absorbing material from the two sides to the middle) should be reduced quickly, which will be close to the effect of the "double-plate structure". If you want to improve the mid- and high-frequency sound absorption effect, the gradient decrease rate should be lower. The design method of the decrease rate is not limited, for example, it can be a linear decrease or an exponential decrease.

[0130] Example 5

[0131] like Fig.19 As shown, in this embodiment, the sound absorbing unit 3 is in the shape of an integrally formed block, and an inverted wedge-shaped cavity 31 is provided at the upper end thereof.

[0132] Example 6 - Reverse Wedge Type (No Small Cavity)

[0133] In this embodiment, Fig. 20 As shown, the sound absorbing unit 3 includes a plurality of sound absorbing panels 30 arranged along the width direction of the shell 2, and two adjacent sound absorbing panels 30 are bonded together. The heights of the plurality of sound absorbing panels 30 gradually decrease from the first side panel 20 and the second side panel 21 toward the middle of the cavity 23 to form an inverse wedge-shaped cavity 31 at the top of the sound absorbing unit 3.

[0134] In order to fully utilize the cavity 23 , the two outermost sound absorbing panels 30 of the sound absorbing unit 3 are connected to the first side panel 20 and the second side panel 21 respectively.

[0135] Example 7: Reverse wedge type (with small cavity)

[0136] like Fig.21 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 6 is that the multiple sound absorbing panels 30 of the sound absorbing unit 3 are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the shell 2, that is, two adjacent sound absorbing panels 30 are not attached together, but are relatively spaced apart, and there is a spacing space (that is, a small cavity) between two adjacent sound absorbing panels 30, which can further improve the sound absorption effect.

[0137] The sound absorbing panels 30 spaced apart have a better sound absorbing effect than the sound absorbing panels 30 that are bonded together. For example, in the same 90 mm space, two panels with a thickness of 9 mm and a surface density of 200 kg / m 2 The polyester fiberboards are arranged to be combined and placed (reference Fig.22a ) and separate placement (reference Figure 22b ), its sound absorption coefficient is Fig.22c As shown, from Fig.22c It can be seen that the sound absorption coefficient in most frequency bands after being separated is greater than that of being placed together. It is speculated that the reason is that the sound absorbing panels 30 placed separately are conducive to adjusting the acoustic impedance. The sound absorbing panels 30 that are closely together may have too large acoustic impedance. Introducing gaps can appropriately reduce the impedance and better match the acoustic impedance of air. In addition, sound waves will produce multiple reflections back and forth in the gaps, enhancing absorption. Therefore, the sound absorption effect of the sound absorbing unit 3 corresponding to Example 7 will be better than the sound absorption effect of the sound absorbing unit 3 corresponding to Example 6 and Example 5. In addition, for the double-plate sound absorbing unit 3 of Example 4, the greater the distance between its two sound absorbing panels 30, the more conducive it will be to enhancing the sound absorption performance. Furthermore, in the discrete wedge structure, the sound absorption effect of two adjacent sound absorbing panels 30 arranged at intervals is better than the sound absorption effect of two adjacent sound absorbing panels 30 arranged in close proximity.

[0138] The sound absorption coefficient curves of traditional wedge, reverse wedge design (with small cavity) and reverse wedge design (without small cavity) are as follows: Fig.23 As shown, the small cavity refers to the space between two adjacent sound absorbing panels 30, and the structure without small cavity and with small cavity respectively corresponds to the structure of two adjacent sound absorbing panels being fitted and spaced apart. It can be seen from the figure that the sound absorption coefficient of the inverse wedge-shaped sound absorbing unit is significantly improved in the full frequency band, and after appropriately adding the cavity, the sound absorption coefficient can be further increased.

[0139] Further comparison of the diffracted sound energy in the following cases: "upright sound barrier", "double-plate structure", "wedge (PET)", "wedge (glass fiber)", "rectangular glass fiber", "inverse wedge (with small cavity)" and "inverse wedge (without small cavity)" shows the following results: Fig.24a As shown, Fig.24a In the figure, the horizontal axis is frequency and the vertical axis is diffraction energy. As can be seen from the figure, at 100Hz, the diffraction energy of the double plate and rectangular glass fiber is the lowest (about 0.3), the upright type is the highest (about 0.85), and the diffraction energy of the reverse wedge (with a small cavity) (purple, about 0.45) is between the wedge (0.55-0.6) and the double plate. Zooming in on the results above 200Hz, we get Figure 24b As shown in the curve graph, it can be seen that the reverse wedge (with small cavity, purple line) is slightly higher than the PET wedge (green line), but better than other structures. The double-panel structure works well at low frequencies, but there will be fluctuations in the mid- and high-frequency (400Hz-700Hz). Moreover, among the reverse wedges, the structure with a small cavity (purple line) is also better than the bonded structure without a cavity (yellow line). It is speculated that this is due to the excessive density after bonding, which reduces the sound absorption at the top. In summary, the reverse wedge with a small cavity is a structure that combines the characteristics of double panels and wedges. Its low-frequency effect is between double panels and wedges, and its mid- and high-frequency effects are almost equivalent to traditional wedges.

[0140] Fig.25a and Fig.25b The difference sound field diagram from 100Hz to 800Hz is shown between the sound barrier 5 with an inverted wedge structure (with a small cavity) and the upright sound barrier 5 to reflect the increase in insertion loss. The difference sound field diagram is obtained by subtracting the sound pressure level field of the upright sound barrier 5 from the sound pressure level field of the inverted wedge (with a small cavity) sound barrier 5. It can be seen from the figure that the inverted wedge (with a small cavity) sound barrier 5 has better sound insulation effect than the upright sound barrier 5 in the entire low-frequency band.

[0141] Optionally, the number of layers of the sound absorbing plate 30 is greater than or equal to five to ensure its anti-diffraction effect. The more layers there are, the finer the changes are, the higher the homogenization state is, and the sound absorption performance can be increased over a wider frequency band, thereby improving its anti-diffraction effect. Further optionally, the number of layers of the sound absorbing plate 30 is greater than or equal to seven.

[0142] Optionally, the spacing distance between two adjacent sound absorbing panels 30 does not exceed 3 times the thickness of the sound absorbing panel 30 , so that the width of the sound absorbing unit 3 is more appropriate, or when the width of the sound absorbing unit 3 is constant, there are an appropriate number of sound absorbing panels 30 .

[0143] Optionally, the spacing distance between two adjacent sound absorbing panels 30 is not less than 2 mm, so as to control the spacing between the two sound absorbing panels 30 and to lower the acoustic impedance to a certain extent. The thickness of the sound absorbing panel 3 may be, for example, 5 to 24 mm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the sound absorbing panel 30 is the same as the spacing between two adjacent sound absorbing panels 30, for example, 9 mm panel + 9 mm spacing, 18 mm panel + 18 mm spacing, 5 mm panel + 5 mm spacing, etc.

[0144] The spacing between two adjacent sound absorbing panels 30 is related to the density of the sound absorbing panels 30, and the spacing can play a role in regulating the impedance of the structure. According to the homogenization theory, the sound absorbing panels 30 and the intervening air layer form a uniform structure in the long-wave limit (wavelength >> structure size, at least greater than 5 times), and their equivalent density is the arithmetic average of the two, and the bulk modulus is the harmonic average of the two:

[0145] ρ s =fρ p +(1-f)ρ a , where ρ s is the equivalent density of the overall structure, ρ p is the equivalent acoustic density of the sound absorbing panel 30, ρ a is the density of air, f is the filling rate of the plate, which can be written as:

[0146] Wherein dp is the thickness of the sound absorbing plate 30, and da is the thickness of the spacer air layer.

[0147] K s is the equivalent bulk modulus of the overall structure, K p is the equivalent acoustic modulus of the sound absorbing panel 30, K a is the bulk modulus of air, and f is the filling rate of the sheet.

[0148] The impedance of the structure can be written as:

[0149]

[0150] Therefore, the thickness dp of the air layer can affect the filling rate, further affect the equivalent density and equivalent modulus of the structure, and finally affect the equivalent impedance. The closer the equivalent impedance is to the air impedance, the higher the impedance matching degree is, which is more conducive to improving the sound absorption effect, thereby improving the anti-diffraction effect and sound insulation effect.

[0151] Therefore, different spacings can be selected for different panels to make the sound absorbing unit 3 have a lower equivalent impedance and be more compatible with the air impedance. For example:

[0152] When using normal density sound-absorbing panels (density about 180-230kg / m 3 , such as PET board), the filling rate f of the sound absorbing board should be between 0.4 and 0.6;

[0153] When using a sound-absorbing board with a higher density, the filling rate should be reduced accordingly. For example, when the gram weight is doubled (i.e. 360-460 kg / m 3 , such as PET board), f should be between 0.1 and 0.3;

[0154] When a sound-absorbing board with a lower density is selected, the filling rate should be increased accordingly, for example, the gram weight is reduced to 70% of the original (i.e. 126-161 kg / m 3 , such as PET board), f should be between 0.6 and 0.9.

[0155] Optionally, the ratio of the height H1 of the middle sound absorbing plate 30 of the sound absorbing unit 3 to the height H2 of the outermost sound absorbing plate 30 of the sound absorbing unit 3 is greater than or equal to 10%. It is understandable that the number of the sound absorbing plates 30 in the middle of the sound absorbing unit 3 can be one or two or more, for example, Fig.21 In the illustrated embodiment, the number of the sound absorbing panels 30 is an odd number, and in this case, the number of the middlemost sound absorbing panel 30 is one. Fig.26 In the illustrated embodiment, the number of the sound absorbing panels 30 is an even number. In this case, the number of the middlemost sound absorbing panels 30 is two and the heights are the same.

[0156] It is understandable that the sound absorbing panel 30 may include one or more sub-sound absorbing panels 300 of the same height, and the sub-sound absorbing panels 300 of the same sound absorbing panel 30 are attached to each other or spaced apart. Fig.27a and Figure 27b As shown, each sound absorbing panel 30 includes two sub-sound absorbing panels 300 . Fig.27a In the illustrated embodiment, the two sub-sound absorbing panels 300 of each sound absorbing panel 30 are arranged in close contact with each other. Figure 27b In the illustrated embodiment, the two sub-sound absorbing panels 300 of each sound absorbing panel 30 are arranged at an interval, which is beneficial to further improve the sound absorption coefficient and enhance the sound insulation effect.

[0157] The fixing method of the sound absorbing plate 30 and the housing 2 is not limited. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 28 , the anti-diffraction device 51 includes a clamping mechanism 4 connected to the housing 2, and the clamping mechanism 4 includes a plurality of slots 40. The sound absorbing plate 30 is inserted into the slots 40 and fixed by the slots 40. It is understood that the clamping mechanism 4 at least includes slots 40 corresponding to the position and number of the sound absorbing plate 30 to be placed. It is understood that when a sound absorbing plate 30 includes two or more sub-sound absorbing plates 300, the clamping mechanism 4 at least includes slots 40 corresponding to the position and number of the sub-sound absorbing plates 300 to be placed.

[0158] The clamping mechanism 4 includes a plurality of elastic clamping arms 41 , and a slot 40 is formed between two adjacent elastic clamping arms 41 . The width of the slot 40 is smaller than the thickness of the sound absorbing plate 30 , so that the sound absorbing plate 30 can be clamped by the two elastic clamping arms 41 , thereby being more firmly fixed.

[0159] Furthermore, at least two ends of the sound absorbing plate 30 in the length direction are provided with a clamping mechanism 4 to ensure the firmness of the fixation.

[0160] Optionally, the clamping mechanism 4 is located at the bottom of the housing 2 and connected to the bottom of the sound absorbing plate 30. Of course, the position of the clamping mechanism 4 is not limited thereto, for example, the clamping mechanism 4 may be provided at the middle or top of the sound absorbing plate 30, or at two or more of the bottom, middle and top of the sound absorbing plate 30, to further enhance the firmness of the fixation.

[0161] In order to make full use of the space of the cavity 23 and improve the sound absorption and anti-diffraction effects, the ratio of the height of the sound absorbing unit 3 to the height of the cavity 23 is not less than 90%, and the top of the sound absorbing unit 3 may be in contact with the top plate 22 or there may be a gap (not in contact), and further optionally, the height of the sound absorbing unit 3 is consistent with the height of the cavity 23 and is in contact with the top plate 22. The height of the sound absorbing unit 3 is the maximum dimension in the height direction, and when it includes a plurality of sound absorbing panels 30, since the bottoms of the sound absorbing panels 30 are substantially flush and located at the bottom of the cavity, the height of the sound absorbing unit 3 is equal to the height of the highest sound absorbing panel 30.

[0162] The height of the cavity 23 is limited by the mounting structure, specifically, by the bottom support structure thereof.

[0163] In some embodiments, Fig.29 and Fig.30 As shown, the housing 2 includes a bottom plate 24 connected to the first side plate 20 and the second side plate 21, the top plate 22 and the bottom plate 24 are arranged opposite to each other, and the cavity 23 is formed between the first side plate 20, the second side plate 21, the top plate 22 and the bottom plate 24. At this time, the bottom plate 24 is the bottom support structure of the cavity 23, and the sound absorbing unit 3 is supported by the bottom plate 24. The height of the cavity 23 is the distance from the bottom plate 24 to the top plate 22. Optionally, the top plate 22 is also provided with one or more through holes 200, so that the sound waves passing from the top plate 22 can also enter the cavity 23 through the through holes 200 for absorption, thereby further improving the anti-diffraction effect. The perforation rate of the top plate 22 can be selected to be greater than or equal to 15%.

[0164] In some embodiments, the housing 2 does not include a bottom plate 24, such as Figure 3 and Fig.31As shown, when the anti-diffraction device 51 is installed on the base 50, the cavity 23 uses the base 50 of the sound barrier 5 as a bottom support structure, and the sound absorbing unit 3 is supported by the base 50. At this time, the distance from the top surface 500 of the base 50 to the top plate 22 is the height of the cavity 23.

[0165] The present invention further proposes a sound barrier 5 , which includes the anti-diffraction device 51 mentioned above, and the anti-diffraction device 51 is arranged at the top of the sound barrier 5 .

[0166] like Figure 3 , Fig.30 and Fig.31 As shown, the sound barrier 5 also includes a base 50, and the anti-diffraction device 51 is connected to the top of the base 50. Optionally, the anti-diffraction device 51 is fixedly connected to the base 50 through its housing 2, and the connection method is not limited, for example, it can be fixed by bolts, snap-on connection and / or adhesive fixation.

[0167] The base 50 can be made of ordinary cement, steel structure, wood board, composite board or other materials, which can be used as a hard boundary sound insulation.

[0168] The base 50 may be of equal width or unequal width, for example, it may be a trapezoidal structure with a small top and a large bottom, and the width of the top surface 500 of the base 50 may be the same as the width of the anti-diffraction device 51, or may be slightly smaller than the anti-diffraction device 51, or may be larger than the width of the anti-diffraction device 51, as long as the anti-diffraction device 51 can be firmly fixed. Optionally, the width of the sound barrier 5 ranges from 60 to 200 mm, the height ranges from 2 to 5 m, and the height of the anti-diffraction device 51 accounts for 10% to 40% of the total height of the sound barrier 5.

[0169] The structure of the sound absorbing unit 3 in the anti-diffraction device 51 can be referred to above. Hereinafter, several sound absorbing units 3 with different structures are selected to be assembled into a sound barrier 5, and the sound insulation effect thereof is simulated and tested.

[0170] like Figures 32a to 32d As shown, there are 4 types of sound barriers 5 for comparative testing, one of which is a vertical sound barrier 5 (reference Fig.32a ), which only includes a base 50, and the height of the base 50 is about 3m. The other three types of sound barriers 5 include an anti-diffraction device 51, the total height of the sound barrier 5 is about 3m, the height of the anti-diffraction device 51 is about 1m, and the height of the base 50 is about 2m. The width of the four types of sound barriers 5 is 0.12m.

[0171] refer to Figure 32b to Figure 32dThe sound absorbing units 3 in the three types of sound barriers 5 with anti-diffraction devices 51 are respectively an inverted wedge structure (with a small cavity), a double-plate structure, and a common wedge structure. The sound absorbing units 3 are made of the same material, all of which are made of standard polyester fiber PET material produced by Jiangsu Baijiali New Material Technology Co., Ltd. The porosity of the material is about 0.97 and the flow resistivity is 74000 Pa·s / m 2 , thermal characteristic length 7.6e-5m, viscous characteristic length 4.96e-4m, and tortuosity factor 1.02. Fig.32a and Figure 32b The thickness of the middle sound absorbing plate 30 is 9mm. The reverse wedge type sound absorbing unit 30 includes 7 sound absorbing plates 30, the outermost PET plate is the highest, and the middle is the lowest. The heights of the 7 sound absorbing plates 30 from left to right are approximately 1m, 0.7m, 0.5m, 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.7m, and 1m, respectively. The arrangement structure can be referred to Fig.21 .

[0172] Fig.33 The graphs show the sound pressure levels of the protected area 12 behind four types of sound barriers 5. During the measurement, except for the change of the sound barrier 5, other parameters remain unchanged. It can be seen from the figure that the sound pressure level behind the hard wall (i.e., the upright sound barrier 5) is the largest (square line) overall, and its sound insulation effect is the worst.

[0173] For low frequencies (<200Hz), the sound pressure level is as follows: double-panel structure < reverse wedge structure < wedge structure < hard wall. Therefore, the double-panel structure in the low-frequency area can significantly increase the sound insulation.

[0174] For mid- and high-frequency (200Hz ~ 700Hz), the sound pressure level from small to large is: wedge structure < reverse wedge structure < double-board structure < hard wall, so the wedge structure in the mid- and high-frequency area can significantly increase the sound insulation.

[0175] On the whole, the effect of the reverse wedge structure is between the two, combining the characteristics of the double-plate structure and the wedge structure, and having a wider operating frequency band.

[0176] It is understandable that the sound barrier 5 can be applied in a variety of scenarios, for example, it can be applied outdoors, such as on both sides of roads, highways and elevated composite roads. For another example, it can be applied indoors, and can be used as a sound insulation wall to divide a large indoor space into several smaller spaces.

[0177] The following is a further explanation of the indoor application of the sound barrier 5. The indoor application of the sound barrier 5 may also be referred to as a sound insulation wall.

[0178] The applicant has found that building partition walls indoors (especially in large flats) to form independent small compartments often has several problems:

[0179] 1. After the partition wall is built, its position is basically fixed and it is difficult to move;

[0180] 2. In order to meet the needs of wall sound insulation, the wall often needs to connect the ceiling and the ground;

[0181] 3. For fire safety, the cubicle also needs to be equipped with complete fire sprinklers and other equipment and measures, which increases complexity and cost.

[0182] According to current office needs, many companies hope to build flexible offices in the flats according to their own needs when renting office buildings, but they need to restore them to their original state after the lease expires. These offices are complicated to dismantle, and it will be more time-consuming and laborious if fire-fighting equipment is involved.

[0183] If a lighter soundproof wall can be used, and it is easy to move the soundproof wall to build an office, the above problems can be solved. For example, using movable walls to build a room, the wall is not through the top, which is easy to install and dismantle, and is also conducive to air circulation, and can also avoid complex fire prevention measures. However, this kind of wall without a top has obvious sound leakage problems, poor sound insulation performance, and is easy to cause noise interference.

[0184] By using the sound barrier 5 described above to build a room, its excellent sound insulation effect can be used to reduce noise interference, and it is easy to move and disassemble, and the cost is lower.

[0185] In order to facilitate the movement of the sound barrier 5, its base 50 can be made of a suitable lightweight material. In some embodiments, the base 50 includes a keel (such as a light steel keel) and a sound-absorbing material filled in the keel. The sound-absorbing material can be, for example, rock wool, glass fiber, polyester fiber, foam metal, sponge or melamine foam or a combination of these materials, with a density of 100 to 400 kg / m 3 The base 50 also includes a gypsum board or a wooden board arranged on the surface of the keel. For example, a double layer of gypsum board or wooden board can be laid on the surface of the keel with staggered seams. The total thickness of the gypsum board or wooden board can be 6 to 12 mm to achieve a good sound insulation effect. In other embodiments, the base 50 can be made of thick wooden boards.

[0186] In order to facilitate the movement of the sound barrier 5, rollers or slide rails may be provided at the bottom of the base 50. In addition, in order to facilitate the sound barrier 5 to remain in the current position after movement, a fixing device may be provided.

[0187] The structure of the base 50 is not a technical focus, and those skilled in the art may use a partition wall in the prior art as the base 50 .

[0188] It can be understood that since the anti-diffraction device 51 mentioned above is arranged above the base 50, the base 50 can reflect sound, and the sound can be absorbed and the diffraction at the top can be reduced by the anti-diffraction device 51. Therefore, the sound barrier 5 has good sound insulation performance. Therefore, compared with the traditional sound insulation wall with no top, the sound insulation effect can be improved. Compared with the solution of setting sound-absorbing material on the entire surface of the base 50, the cost can be significantly reduced while ensuring the sound insulation effect.

[0189] However, there are still some differences between applying the sound barrier 5 indoors and in open areas. Specifically, when the sound barrier 5 is applied indoors, there is a ceiling above the sound barrier 5, which does not exist in open areas outdoors. The ceiling will reflect the sound waves down to the other side of the wall, causing a sharp drop in the sound insulation. Therefore, it is still necessary to improve the indoor sound insulation structure to further improve the sound insulation effect.

[0190] To this end, the present invention also proposes an indoor sound insulation structure, which includes a sound barrier 5 and an anti-reflection device 6 arranged above the sound barrier 5. The anti-reflection device 6 is arranged at an interval from the sound barrier 5, and is used to absorb sound propagated from below to the anti-reflection device 6. At least the part of the anti-reflection device 6 facing the sound barrier 5 is made of sound-absorbing material to achieve a sound-absorbing effect, thereby reducing the sound reflected from one side of the sound barrier 5 to the other side.

[0191] It can be understood that the sound barrier 5 can be an ordinary sound barrier 5 (such as a partition wall in the prior art) or the sound barrier 5 with the anti-diffraction device 51 as described above. Since the anti-reflection device 6 is provided, even if an ordinary sound barrier 5 is used, a better sound insulation effect can be achieved. After the sound barrier 5 with the anti-diffraction device 51 is provided, the sound insulation effect can be further improved.

[0192] Since the sound barrier 5 is used indoors, the requirements for waterproofing and windproofing are relatively low. Therefore, in addition to the hard materials such as plastic or metal mentioned above, its shell 2 can also be made of sound-absorbing materials, such as PET board or glass fiber, to further improve the sound absorption effect. Fig.34a and Fig.34b , Fig.34b yes Fig.34aThe enlarged view of the middle II part, in the illustrated embodiment, the shell 2 includes a first side panel 20, a second side panel 21, a top panel 22 and a bottom panel 24 made of sound absorbing material. Since the first side panel 20 and the second side panel 21 are both made of sound absorbing material, when the sound absorbing unit 3 therein adopts an inverse wedge-shaped structure, the two outermost sound absorbing panels 30 of the sound absorbing unit 3 can directly borrow the first side panel 20 and the second side panel 21, thereby saving materials, and the two outermost sound absorbing panels 30 of the sound absorbing unit 3 are arranged at intervals with the adjacent side panels. Of course, even when the shell 2 is made of sound absorbing material, the side panels may not be used as sound absorbing panels 30. Optionally, when not used, the outermost sound absorbing panels 30 of the sound absorbing unit 3 are fitted with the adjacent side panels. Since the shell 2 is made of sound absorbing material, it has certain sound absorbing and sound permeability properties. Therefore, its side panels may not be provided with through holes 200. Of course, through holes 200 may also be provided.

[0193] When the shell 2 is made of a sound absorbing material, it is preferred that the material is the same as that of the sound absorbing plate 30 , but it can also be different. In addition, the thickness of the shell 2 can also be the same as that of the sound absorbing plate 30 or different.

[0194] Understandably, reference Fig.34b For the reverse wedge type sound absorbing unit 3, in order to facilitate maintaining the distance between the spaced components, a spacer block 32 may be provided between adjacent sound absorbing panels 30 and / or between the sound absorbing panel 30 and the side panel.

[0195] Optional, reference Fig.35a The anti-reflection device 6 is connected to the ceiling through a first connecting member 61. The first connecting member 61 may be a wire, for example, so that the anti-reflection device 6 is suspended on the ceiling. A hard structure such as bolts may also be used. Fig.35b The anti-reflection device 6 can also be connected to the sound barrier 5 by a support member 64 so that it can move together with the sound barrier 5. Obviously, the anti-reflection device 6 can be connected by using the first connecting member 61 and the support member 64 at the same time.

[0196] In some embodiments, reference Fig.36a The anti-reflection device 6 includes an anti-reflection plate 60 made of sound-absorbing material. The material of the anti-reflection plate 60 can be, for example, polyester fiber, glass fiber, rock wool, sponge, foam metal or melamine foam or other sound-absorbing materials.

[0197] In some embodiments, reference Fig.36bThe anti-reflection device 6 includes two anti-reflection plates 60 made of sound-absorbing materials. The anti-reflection plates 60 may be made of polyester fiber, glass fiber, rock wool, sponge, foam metal or melamine foam or other sound-absorbing materials. The two anti-reflection plates 60 are spaced apart in the height direction and connected by a second connecting member 62. The second connecting member 62 may be a soft wire or a relatively hard component, such as a bolt or a sound-absorbing material block (such as a PET block). The upper anti-reflection plate 60 and the ceiling may be connected by a first connecting member 61. Fig.36c and Fig.36d When the upper and lower anti-reflection plates 60 are connected by a hard second connecting member 62, the position between the two anti-reflection plates 60 can be maintained by the hard second connecting member 62, so that a support member 64 can be used to connect to the sound barrier 5. The type of the support member 64 is not limited, for example, it can be a rod.

[0198] Fig.37 The sound absorption coefficient curves of the anti-reflection device 6 with a single-layer anti-reflection plate 60 and the anti-reflection device 6 with a double-layer anti-reflection plate 60 are shown. It can be seen from the figure that the sound absorption coefficient of the single-layer anti-reflection plate 60 will have a large peak-to-valley fluctuation with the frequency change. In the main frequency band of human voice ranging from 100 to 1000 Hz, the severe peak-to-valley fluctuation will cause the sound insulation performance to decrease in the valley, while the sound absorption coefficient of the double-layer anti-reflection plate 60 is significantly higher than the sound absorption of the single-layer structure, and the smooth sound absorption curve is helpful to achieve stable sound insulation in a wide frequency range.

[0199] In some embodiments, the anti-reflection device 6 includes three or more anti-reflection plates 60 spaced apart along the height direction to further improve the sound insulation effect. The connection structure of two adjacent anti-reflection plates 60 can refer to the above.

[0200] Optionally, when the anti-reflection device 6 includes two or more anti-reflection plates 60, the thickness of the anti-reflection plates 60 is the same, or the thickness of the anti-reflection plates 60 gradually decreases from top to bottom, that is, the thickness of the relatively lower anti-reflection plate 60 is less than the thickness of the relatively upper anti-reflection plate 60. For example, in the case of two anti-reflection plates 60, the thickness of the lower anti-reflection plate 60 can be less than the thickness of the upper anti-reflection plate 60, so that its impedance is more matched with the air impedance, which is convenient for sound waves to enter between the two anti-reflection plates 60. The thickness of the upper anti-reflection plate 60 is set to be relatively larger, which is conducive to better absorption of sound, thereby improving the effect of anti-sound reflection. At the same time, making one of the anti-reflection plates 60 thinner can reduce the amount of material used, thereby reducing costs. In some embodiments, taking the double-layer anti-reflection plate 60 made of PET material as an example, the PET plate selected is the standard plate of Baijiali (density is about 210kg / m 3, porosity about 0.97, flow resistivity 74000Pa·s / m 2 , thermal characteristic length 7.6e-5m, viscous characteristic length 4.96e-4m, tortuosity factor 1.02), the thickness of the lower anti-reflection plate 60 can be 4mm, and the thickness of the upper anti-reflection plate 60 can be 5mm.

[0201] Optionally, when the anti-reflection device 6 includes two or more anti-reflection plates 60 , the distance L1 between two adjacent anti-reflection plates 60 may be 30-500 mm.

[0202] The thickness of the anti-reflection plate 60 can be set according to its density. Generally, the greater the density of the anti-reflection plate 60, the smaller its thickness can be. For example, when the density of the anti-reflection plate 60 is 360-420 kg / m 3 , the thickness of the bottom plate (i.e., the bottom anti-reflection plate 60) can be 2-3 mm, and the thickness of the top plate (i.e., the top anti-reflection plate 60) can be 5-6 mm; when the density of the anti-reflection plate 60 is 110-180 kg / m 3 , the thickness of the bottom plate can be 5-7 mm, and the thickness of the top plate can be 9-15 mm. When the density of the anti-reflection plate 60 is 180-230 kg / m 3 , the thickness of the bottom plate (ie, the bottommost anti-reflection plate 60) may be 3 to 6 mm, and the thickness of the top plate (ie, the topmost anti-reflection plate 60) may be 6 to 10 mm.

[0203] It can be understood that the anti-reflection device 6 mainly plays a role of sound absorption. The above structure is not the only one, as long as it can achieve a broadband sound absorption effect. In some embodiments, the anti-reflection device 6 includes sound-absorbing cotton, and the thickness of the sound-absorbing cotton is 50 to 500 mm.

[0204] In some embodiments, reference Fig.35a The distance L4 along the height direction between the sound barrier 5 and the anti-reflection device 6 is 30 to 100 cm, and the distance L5 along the height direction between the anti-reflection device 6 and the ceiling is 5 to 30 cm.

[0205] The two ends of the anti-reflection device 6 extend beyond the two sides in the width direction of the sound barrier 5, so that it has a more comprehensive anti-reflection effect, so that the mutual interference between the two rooms separated by the sound barrier 5 is smaller. Optionally, in the width direction of the sound barrier 5, the ratio of the distance L2 between the two ends of the anti-reflection device 6 and the sound barrier 5 along the horizontal direction is 0.8 to 1.2, so that the two sides of the sound barrier 5 have a relatively consistent sound insulation effect; further optionally, in the width direction of the sound barrier 5, the distance L2 between the two ends of the anti-reflection device 6 and the sound barrier 5 is the same, that is, the ratio is 1.

[0206] It can be understood that the length L3 of the anti-reflection device 6 determines the distance L2 of its two ends extending out of the sound barrier 5, which will affect the overall sound insulation effect. In order to verify the influence of the length L3 of the anti-diffraction device 6 on the sound insulation effect, simulation tests were carried out under four situations. In the first situation, no sound barrier 5 and anti-reflection device 6 were set up indoors; in the second to fourth situations, the same sound barrier 5 was set up indoors, and an anti-reflection device 6 with a double-layer anti-reflection plate 60 was hung under the ceiling. The difference is that the length of the anti-reflection device 6 is 0.6m, 1.2m and 2.4m respectively. In the four situations, the sound pressure level curve graph of the sound transmitted from the sound source to the same position is obtained by simulation, and then the sound pressure level curve graph in the second to fourth situations is subtracted from the sound pressure level curve graph in the first situation to obtain the insertion loss curve graph, as shown in Fig.38 As shown, Fig.38 The insertion loss curve of the anti-reflection device 6 with a double-layer anti-reflection plate 60 of different lengths L3 is shown below the ceiling. It can be seen from the figure that the longer the anti-reflection plate 60 is, the better the sound insulation effect is. In order to ensure the anti-reflection effect of the anti-reflection device 6, the length L3 of the anti-reflection device 6 is not less than 0.3m. Further, optionally, the length L3 of the anti-reflection device 6 is not more than 3.6m to reduce the obstruction of the ceiling. Optionally, the length L3 of the anti-reflection plate 60 is 2.4m.

[0207] In order to verify the sound insulation effect of the anti-reflection device 6 and the sound barrier 5 with the anti-diffraction device 51, five different situations were simulated and tested in a room at a height of 3.5 m. The five different situations are as follows:

[0208] Case 1: If Fig.39a As shown, the sound barrier 5 includes a base 50 that is 3 m high and 10 cm thick, does not include an anti-diffraction device 51, and is not provided with an anti-reflection device 6. There is a gap of 0.5 m between the sound barrier 5 and the ceiling.

[0209] Case 2: If Fig.39b As shown, the sound barrier 5 includes a base 50 that is 3m high and 10cm thick, does not include an anti-diffraction device 51, and an anti-reflection device 6 with a single-layer anti-reflection plate 60 is suspended by a wire under the ceiling. The length of the anti-reflection plate 60 is 2.4m, and the distance L2 between its two ends and the sound barrier 5 is the same, and the thickness is 0.9cm.

[0210] Case 3: If Fig.39cAs shown, the sound barrier 5 includes a base 50 that is 3m high and 10cm thick, does not include an anti-diffraction device 51, and an anti-reflection device 6 with a double layer of anti-reflection plates 60 is suspended by wires under the ceiling. The two layers of anti-reflection plates 60 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and their lengths are both 2.4m. The distances L2 between both ends and the sound barrier 5 are the same. The upper anti-reflection plate 60 is 0.15m away from the ceiling and has a thickness of 0.8cm. The thickness of the lower anti-reflection plate 60 is 0.4cm. The distance L1 along the height direction between two adjacent anti-reflection plates 60 is 15cm.

[0211] Case 4: If Fig.39d As shown, the sound barrier 5 includes a 2m high and 10cm thick base 50, including a 1m high and 10cm thick anti-diffraction device 51, and an anti-reflection device 6 with a double-layer anti-reflection plate 60 is suspended under the ceiling. The structure and position of the anti-reflection device 6 are the same as those in case 3. The shell 2 of the anti-diffraction device 51 is made of hard material and is provided with a perforated structure. The internal sound absorbing unit 3 adopts an inverse wedge-type (with a small cavity) structure. The sound absorbing unit 3 includes 7 layers of sound absorbing panels 30. The heights of the 7 layers of panels from left to right are: 1m, 0.7m, 0.5m, 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.7m, 1m, respectively. The thickness of the sound absorbing panel 30 is 0.9cm, and the spacing between the panels is 0.62cm.

[0212] Case 5: No sound barrier 5 and anti-diffraction device 51 are provided.

[0213] In the above-mentioned cases, the materials of the anti-reflection plate 60, the housing 2 and the sound-absorbing plate 30 are all PET standard plates of Baijiali.

[0214] Fig.40 The insertion loss curves in four cases are shown. The insertion loss curves are obtained by measuring the sound pressure level curves of the sound source received at the same position in the five cases from case 1 to case 5, and then subtracting the sound pressure level curves of case 5 from the sound pressure level curves of case 1 to case 4 to obtain Fig.40 From the four insertion loss curves in the figure, it can be seen that due to the reflection of the ceiling, the sound insulation performance of the wall alone is not good as a whole, only 5 to 10 dB, with an average of about 7 dB.

[0215] Adding an anti-reflection device 6 above the sound barrier 5 can significantly increase the overall sound insulation. The sound insulation performance of the single-layer anti-reflection plate 60 can be seen to change significantly with frequency. The insertion loss can reach 20dB at around 300Hz, and then gradually decreases to 10dB at around 700Hz, and then gradually increases again.

[0216] The insertion loss of the double-layer anti-reflection plate 60 is obviously higher than that of the single-layer anti-reflection plate 60 as a whole, and is more stable, being above 20 dB as a whole.

[0217] On the basis of the double-layer anti-reflection plate 60, a sound barrier 5 with an anti-diffraction device 51 is used instead. It can be seen from the figure that the overall insertion loss can be increased by 3 to 5 dB, indicating the effectiveness of the anti-diffraction device 51.

[0218] The above-mentioned indoor sound insulation structure is conducive to maximizing the sound insulation performance of the wall without capping it, so as to meet the comfort and privacy of office workers. Since the sound barrier does not need to be connected to the ceiling, it is easier to move and disassemble the sound barrier, and the small compartment does not need to be equipped with complete fire sprinkler equipment and measures, which is conducive to reducing costs.

[0219] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and any other improvements made based on the concept of the present invention are considered to be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An indoor sound insulation structure, characterized in that: include: Sound barriers (5); as well as, An anti-reflection device (6) is located above the sound barrier (5) and is spaced apart from the sound barrier (5); at least a portion of the anti-reflection device (6) facing the sound barrier (5) is made of a sound-absorbing material.

2. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance L4 between the sound barrier (5) and the anti-reflection device (6) along the height direction is 30 to 100 cm; The distance L5 between the anti-reflection device (6) and the ceiling along the height direction is 5 to 30 cm.

3. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-reflection device (6) is connected to the ceiling via a first connecting member (61), and the first connecting member (61) is soft or hard; and / or, The anti-reflection device (6) is connected to the sound barrier (5) via a support member (64).

4. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-reflection device (6) comprises at least one anti-reflection plate (60), and the anti-reflection plate (60) is made of sound-absorbing material.

5. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The anti-reflection device (6) comprises two or more anti-reflection plates (60) arranged at intervals along the height direction.

6. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: Two adjacent anti-reflection plates (60) are connected via a second connecting member (62), and the second connecting member (62) is soft or hard.

7. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The distance L1 between two adjacent anti-reflection plates (60) along the height direction is 30 to 500 mm.

8. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: All the anti-reflection plates (60) have the same thickness; or, The thickness of the relatively lower anti-reflection plate (60) is smaller than the thickness of the relatively upper anti-reflection plate (60).

9. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the density of the anti-reflection plate (60) is 360-420 kg / m 3 When the anti-reflection plate (60) located at the bottom has a thickness of 2 to 3 mm, and the anti-reflection plate (60) located at the top has a thickness of 5 to 6 mm; When the density of the anti-reflection plate 60 is 110 to 180 kg / m 3 When the anti-reflection plate (60) located at the bottom has a thickness of 5 to 7 mm, and the anti-reflection plate (60) located at the top has a thickness of 9 to 15 mm; When the density of the anti-reflection plate 60 is 180 to 230 kg / m 3 When the thickness of the anti-reflection plate (60) located at the bottom is 3 to 6 mm, the thickness of the anti-reflection plate (60) located at the top is 6 to 10 mm.

10. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-reflection device (6) comprises sound-absorbing cotton, and the thickness of the sound-absorbing cotton is 50 to 500 mm.

11. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sound absorbing material is polyester fiber, glass fiber, rock wool, sponge, foam metal or melamine foam.

12. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the anti-reflection device (6) extend beyond both sides of the width direction of the sound barrier (5), and the length L3 of the anti-reflection device (6) is not less than 0.3 m, and the length L3 of the anti-reflection device (6) is not greater than 3.6 m.

13. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: In the width direction of the sound barrier (5), the ratio of the distance between the two ends of the anti-reflection device (6) and the sound barrier (5) along the horizontal direction is 0.8 to 1.

2.

14. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: In the width direction of the sound barrier (5), the distances between the two ends of the anti-reflection device (6) and the sound barrier (5) along the horizontal direction are the same.

15. The indoor sound insulation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: The sound barrier (5) comprises a base (50) and an anti-diffraction device (51) connected to the top of the base (50), wherein the anti-diffraction device (51) comprises: The housing (2) comprises a first side plate (20) and a second side plate (21) arranged opposite to each other, and a top plate (22) connected to the tops of the first side plate (20) and the second side plate (21); and A sound absorbing unit (3) is arranged in a cavity (23) formed between the first side plate (20), the second side plate (21) and the top plate (22); the sound absorbing unit (3) is made of a sound absorbing material.

16. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 15, characterized in that: The first side plate (20) and the second side plate (21) are provided with one or more through holes (200).

17. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 15, characterized in that: The shell (2) is made of sound-absorbing material.

18. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 15, characterized in that: The sound absorbing unit (3) is in the form of a block filled in the cavity (23); or, The width of the sound absorbing unit (3) gradually increases from the top plate (22) toward the side away from the top plate (22); or, The sound absorbing unit (3) comprises two sound absorbing plates (30) arranged relatively and spaced apart from each other, and the sound absorbing plates (30) are made of a sound absorbing material; or, A cavity (31) is provided on the top of the sound absorbing unit (3), and the width of the cavity (31) decreases towards the side away from the top plate (22).

19. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 15, characterized in that: The sound absorbing unit (3) comprises a plurality of sound absorbing panels (30) arranged at intervals along the width direction of the housing (2), and the heights of the plurality of sound absorbing panels (30) gradually decrease from the first side panel (20) and the second side panel (21) toward the middle of the cavity (23).

20. The indoor sound insulation structure according to claim 19, characterized in that: The outer shell (2) is made of sound absorbing material, and the outermost sound absorbing plate (30) and the adjacent side plate are spaced apart or fitted to each other.

21. The indoor sound insulation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: The sound barrier (5) is provided with rollers or slide rails.

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