A test monitoring system for landslide dam failure

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of landslide dam failure testing, and in particular, a monitoring system for landslide dam failure testing. The proposed system includes an automatic real-time control system for reservoir inflow conditions, a strong unsteady flow measurement system for the failure flood, a breach development process measurement system, and a downstream topographic change measurement system. The breach development process measurement system and the downstream topographic change measurement system are both integrated with the strong unsteady flow measurement system for the failure flood. The automatic real-time control system for reservoir inflow conditions includes: an electric lifting gate, a leveling tower, an overflow weir, an electromagnetic flowmeter, an electric control valve, a data acquisition and control terminal, pipelines, and a casing. This invention employs a distortion-free high-definition industrial camera and a customized 3D laser scanner to construct a breach development process measurement subsystem, which includes four high-fidelity recorders for the failure process, a set of high-frequency sensing and 3D reconstruction instruments for refined breach topography, and a real-time analysis and control terminal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of landslide dam failure testing technology, and in particular to a landslide dam failure testing monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] Most existing landslide dam failure test monitoring systems use instruments such as general hydraulic water level gauges, propeller flow meters, and ADV flow meters to detect the water level and flow velocity at the breach. They measure the change process of the breach by first drawing a grid on the dam body and then manually reading the breach size through video processing.

[0003] The water flow conditions during dam breaches are complex, with large rates and magnitudes of water level drop, high sediment content, and the presence of floating debris. Existing detection equipment such as hydraulic level gauges, propeller velocimeters, and ADV velocimeters cannot accurately measure these conditions. Furthermore, image distortion from cameras can cause significant errors in readings, affecting the accuracy of measurements of the breach change process. Therefore, this invention proposes a test monitoring system for landslide dam breaches to address these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the existing technical issues, most landslide dam failure test monitoring systems use general-purpose hydraulic level gauges, propeller velocimeters, ADV velocimeters, and other instruments to detect the water level and flow velocity at the breach. These systems typically employ a method of pre-drawing a grid on the dam body and then manually reading the breach dimensions through video processing to measure the breach's changes. However, dam failures present complex flow conditions, with large rates and magnitudes of water level drop, high sediment content, and the presence of floating debris. Existing detection equipment such as hydraulic level gauges, propeller velocimeters, and ADV velocimeters cannot accurately measure these conditions. Furthermore, image distortion from cameras can cause significant errors in readings, affecting the accuracy of breach change measurement. Therefore, this invention proposes a landslide dam failure test monitoring system.

[0005] The present invention proposes a test monitoring system for landslide dam failure, comprising an automatic real-time control system for reservoir inflow conditions, a strong unsteady flow measurement system for breach flood, a breach development process measurement system, and a downstream topographic change measurement system. The breach development process measurement system and the downstream topographic change measurement system are both coordinated with the strong unsteady flow measurement system for breach flood. The automatic real-time control system for reservoir inflow conditions includes: an electric lifting gate, a leveling tower, an overflow weir, an electromagnetic flowmeter, an electric control valve, a data acquisition and control terminal, pipelines, and a casing.

[0006] The electric lifting gate is fixedly installed inside the leveling tower, the outer shell is fixedly installed on the top of the leveling tower, the pipeline is fixedly installed on the top of the outer shell, and the outer shell is connected to the pipeline and the leveling tower respectively. The electromagnetic flow meter and the electric control valve are both fixedly installed on the pipeline, and the data acquisition and control terminal is connected to the electromagnetic flow meter and the electric control valve respectively.

[0007] Using the aforementioned institutions, a subsystem for measuring the breach development process was constructed, employing high-definition industrial cameras with no image distortion and a customized 3D laser scanner. This subsystem includes four high-fidelity recorders for the breach process, a high-frequency sensing and 3D reconstruction instrument for fine-grained breach topography, and a real-time analysis and control terminal. No post-processing is required, and the measurement of breach changes is highly accurate, fast, and convenient. The acquisition and control terminal automatically adjusts the flow rate measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter. When the required inflow rate is low, the flow rate is adjusted by controlling the opening of the electric control valve. When the required inflow rate is high, the inflow rate is controlled by the electric lifting valve of the water leveling tower. The outer casing can also filter the water to prevent system blockage and unusable conditions.

[0008] Preferably, the breach flood strong unsteady flow measurement system includes: an ultrasonic water level and velocity meter, an upstream reservoir, a landslide dam, a surface flow field meter, and a downstream river channel;

[0009] The landslide dam is located between the upstream reservoir and the downstream river channel. The ultrasonic water level and velocity meter is located at the top of the landslide dam, and the surface flow field meter is located at the top of the downstream river channel.

[0010] Furthermore, the instrument comprises ten ultrasonic water level and flow velocity meters, which are spaced apart to measure the upstream reservoir water level and breach velocity distribution along the river without contact. The surface flow field meter measures the downstream river surface velocity distribution, revealing the breach formation and development mechanism as well as the downstream river evolution mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the breach development process measurement system includes: an industrial camera, a high-frequency terrain sensor, and a real-time analysis and control terminal;

[0012] The industrial camera is located on top of the ultrasonic water level and flow meter, the high-frequency terrain sensor is located to the right of the industrial camera and at the top of the downstream river channel, and the real-time analysis and control terminal is located between the high-frequency terrain sensor and the downstream river channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the industrial cameras exhibit no image distortion, and four industrial cameras record the high-fidelity breach process of the landslide dam from multiple angles and in all directions. The high-frequency terrain sensing instrument scans the actual breach at a 20-second interval, achieving refined high-frequency perception of the terrain. The real-time analysis and control terminal can adjust the industrial cameras and high-frequency terrain sensing instrument according to the actual situation, and store and display various data during the breach process in real time.

[0014] Preferably, the downstream topographic change measurement system comprises a walking topographic instrument and a stationary topographic instrument;

[0015] The walking topographic instrument and the stationary topographic instrument are located on the front and rear sides of the downstream river channel, respectively.

[0016] Furthermore, walking topographic instruments and stationary topographic instruments are used to monitor the topographic changes of the downstream river channel. In the early stage of the breach, a large amount of sediment is deposited at the toe of the dam. As the breach flow increases, it is continuously transported and deposited downstream. The topographic changes are drastic throughout the process, and the topographic changes of the downstream river channel are significant.

[0017] Preferably, the left side of the housing is provided with a mounting plate, and the right side of the mounting plate is provided with three filter screens arranged at equal intervals. The outer sides of the mounting plate and the filter screens are in sliding contact with the inner wall of the housing.

[0018] The left side of the outer casing is provided with symmetrically arranged positioning mechanisms, and there are two sets of positioning mechanisms. The left side of the mounting plate is provided with an unlocking mechanism, which cooperates with the positioning mechanisms.

[0019] The positioning mechanism includes: a fixing block, a positioning spring, and a positioning frame;

[0020] The fixed block is fixedly connected to the outer shell, the positioning frame is slidably connected to the outer shell, and the positioning spring is fixedly connected to both the positioning frame and the fixed block.

[0021] The unlocking mechanism includes: a handle, a mating block, a fitting rod, a sliding rod, a sliding block, a grip, a return spring, and a sliding frame;

[0022] The handle is fixedly installed on the left side of the mounting plate, the mating block is fixedly installed on the left side of the mounting plate, the two mating rods are fixedly connected to the sides of the two sliding rods that are far apart from each other, the right end of the sliding rod is slidably connected to the left side of the mounting plate, the sliding frame is fixedly installed on the left side of the mounting plate, the grip is slidably connected to the front side of the sliding frame, the return spring is fixedly connected to the grip and the mounting plate respectively, and the ends of the two mating rods that are far apart from each other are slidably in contact with the sides of the two positioning frames that are close to each other.

[0023] Furthermore, after the positioning frame engages with the mating block, the positioning frame prevents the mating block and mounting plate from disengaging from the housing. The mounting plate can then be installed on the left side of the housing, and the filter screen can be installed on the inside of the housing. This allows the filter screen inside the housing to filter the water entering the housing, removing impurities and preventing system blockage. By gripping the handle and pulling the lever to the left, the return spring is stretched first, then the two connecting blocks move to the left. The top and bottom of the lever, through the two connecting blocks, widen the gap between the two sliding rods, causing them to move away from each other. The two sliding rods then move the two mating rods away from each other, pushing the two positioning frames away from the two mating blocks, thus unlocking the mating block and mounting plate. The mounting plate can then be disassembled, and the mounting plate will bring out the filter screen, allowing for easy filter screen replacement.

[0024] Preferably, a plurality of limiting blocks arranged at equal intervals are fixedly installed on the inner right side of the outer casing. The number of limiting blocks is three, and the tops of the three limiting blocks slide in contact with the bottoms of the three filter screens respectively.

[0025] Furthermore, the limiting block can restrict the filter screen to a horizontal state inside the housing, preventing the filter screen from tilting, preventing gaps between the outer side of the filter screen and the inner wall of the housing, and preventing water from passing through the gaps.

[0026] Preferably, a plurality of connecting blocks arranged at equal intervals are fixedly installed on the right side of the mounting plate, and the number of connecting blocks is three. The tops of the three limiting blocks slide in contact with the left sides of the three filter screens respectively.

[0027] Furthermore, the connecting block is used to mount the filter screen onto the mounting plate, allowing it to be installed or removed from the mounting plate. The filter screen can also be removed from the mounting plate for easy replacement.

[0028] Preferably, positioning blocks are fixedly installed on the sides of the two positioning frames that are close to each other, and positioning through holes are opened on the two mating blocks. The two positioning blocks are detachably snapped into the inner walls of the two positioning grooves. The ends of the two positioning blocks that are close to each other are in sliding contact with the sides of the two fitting rods that are close to each other. The two fitting rods are in sliding contact with the inner walls of the two positioning grooves.

[0029] Furthermore, after the positioning block is inserted into the inside of the mating block, the positioning block can prevent the mating block and the mounting plate from moving, thus achieving the positioning of the mating block and the mounting plate.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. An ultrasonic water level and velocity meter was used to construct a subsystem for measuring strong unsteady flow in breach floods, which includes ten ultrasonic water level and velocity sensors and one surface flow field sensor.

[0032] 2. It can filter the water entering and exiting the water tower to prevent blockage of the reservoir's inflow control system in real time, without affecting its use;

[0033] This invention employs a high-definition industrial camera with no image distortion and a customized 3D laser scanner to construct a subsystem for measuring the breach development process. This subsystem includes four high-fidelity recorders of the breach process, a high-frequency sensing and 3D reconstruction instrument for fine-grained breach topography, and a real-time analysis and control terminal. It eliminates the need for post-processing and provides high accuracy, speed, and convenience in measuring the breach change process. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic real-time control system for reservoir inflow conditions of a landslide dam failure test monitoring system proposed in this invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a system block diagram for a test monitoring system for landslide dam failure proposed in this invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an automatic real-time control system for reservoir inflow conditions of a landslide dam failure test monitoring system proposed in this invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a structural unsteady flow measurement system for a landslide dam failure test monitoring system proposed in this invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a structural breach development process measurement system for a landslide dam failure test monitoring system proposed in this invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the downstream topographic change measurement system of the test monitoring system for landslide dam failure proposed in this invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a front sectional view of the structural filtering mechanism of a landslide dam failure test monitoring system proposed in this invention;

[0041] Figure 8 The present invention provides a structural attachment to a test monitoring system for landslide dam failure. Figure 7 Enlarged diagram of A in the middle;

[0042] Figure 9 The present invention provides a structural attachment to a test monitoring system for landslide dam failure. Figure 7 Enlarged diagram of B in the middle;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structural positioning frame of a landslide dam failure test monitoring system proposed in this invention.

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Electric lifting door; 2. Leveling tower; 3. Overflow weir; 4. Electromagnetic flowmeter; 5. Electric control valve; 6. Data acquisition and control terminal; 7. Ultrasonic water level and flow velocity meter; 8. Upstream reservoir; 9. Landslide dam; 10. Surface flow field meter; 11. Downstream river channel; 12. Industrial camera; 13. High-frequency terrain sensor; 14. Real-time analysis and control terminal; 15. Walking topographic instrument; 16. Stationary topographic instrument; 17. Pipeline; 18. Housing; 19. Limiting block; 20. Filter screen; 21. Connecting block; 22. Mounting plate; 23. Handle; 24. Fixing block; 25. Positioning spring; 26. Positioning frame; 27. Positioning block; 28. Mating block; 29. ​​Fitting rod; 30. Sliding rod; 31. Sliding block; 32. Grip bar; 33. Return spring; 34. Sliding frame. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0046] refer to Figure 1-10 This embodiment proposes a test monitoring system for landslide dam failure, including an automatic real-time control system for reservoir inflow conditions, a strong unsteady flow measurement system for breach flood, a breach development process measurement system, and a downstream topographic change measurement system. The breach development process measurement system and the downstream topographic change measurement system are both coordinated with the strong unsteady flow measurement system for breach flood. The automatic real-time control system for reservoir inflow conditions includes: an electric lifting gate 1, a leveling tower 2, an overflow weir 3, an electromagnetic flowmeter 4, an electric control valve 5, a data acquisition and control terminal 6, a pipeline 17, and a casing 18.

[0047] The electric lifting door 1 is fixedly installed inside the leveling tower 2, the outer shell 18 is fixedly installed on the top of the leveling tower 2, the pipe 17 is fixedly installed on the top of the outer shell 18, the outer shell 18 is connected to the pipe 17 and the leveling tower 2 respectively, the electromagnetic flow meter 4 and the electric control valve 5 are both fixedly installed on the pipe 17, and the data acquisition and control terminal 6 is connected to the electromagnetic flow meter 4 and the electric control valve 5 respectively.

[0048] Using the aforementioned equipment, a subsystem for measuring the breach development process was constructed, comprising four high-fidelity recorders for the breach process, a high-frequency sensing and 3D reconstruction instrument for fine-grained breach topography, and a real-time analysis and control terminal 14. This subsystem eliminates the need for post-processing and provides high accuracy, speed, and convenience in measuring breach changes. The acquisition and control terminal 6 automatically adjusts the flow rate measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter 4. When the required inflow rate is low, the flow rate in the pipeline 17 is adjusted by controlling the opening of the electric control valve 5. When the required inflow rate is high, the inflow rate is controlled by the electric lifting valve of the leveling tower 2. The outer casing 18 can also filter the water to prevent system blockage and unusability.

[0049] In this embodiment, the strong unsteady flow measurement system for breach floods includes: an ultrasonic water level and velocity meter 7, an upstream reservoir 8, a landslide dam 9, a surface flow field meter 10, and a downstream river channel 11;

[0050] The landslide dam 9 is located between the upstream reservoir 8 and the downstream river channel 11. The ultrasonic level and velocity meter 7 is located on top of the landslide dam 9, and the surface flow field meter 10 is located on top of the downstream river channel 11. There are ten ultrasonic level and velocity meters 7, which are distributed at intervals. They can measure the water level of the upstream reservoir 8 and the flow velocity distribution along the breach without contact. The surface flow field meter 10 measures the flow velocity distribution on the water surface of the downstream river channel 11, revealing the breach formation and development mechanism and the evolution mechanism of the downstream river channel 11.

[0051] In this embodiment, the breach development process measurement system includes: an industrial camera 12, a high-frequency terrain sensor 13, and a real-time analysis and control terminal 14;

[0052] Industrial camera 12 is positioned on top of ultrasonic water level and flow meter 7. High-frequency terrain sensor 13 is positioned to the right of industrial camera 12 and on top of downstream river channel 11. Real-time analysis and control terminal 14 is positioned between high-frequency terrain sensor 13 and downstream river channel 11. Industrial camera 12 has no image distortion. The four industrial cameras 12 record the high-fidelity breach process of landslide dam 9 from multiple angles and in all directions. High-frequency terrain sensor 13 scans the actual breach at a 20-second cycle, achieving refined high-frequency perception of the terrain. Real-time analysis and control terminal 14 can adjust industrial camera 12 and high-frequency terrain sensor 13 according to the actual situation, and store and display various data during the breach process in real time.

[0053] In this embodiment, the downstream terrain change measurement system consists of a walking topographic instrument 15 and a stationary topographic instrument 16.

[0054] The walking topographic instrument 15 and the stationary topographic instrument 16 are located on the front and rear sides of the downstream river channel 11, respectively. The walking topographic instrument 15 and the stationary topographic instrument 16 are used to monitor the topographic changes of the downstream river channel 11. In the early stage of the breach, a large amount of sediment is deposited at the toe of the dam. As the breach flow increases, it is continuously transported and deposited downstream. The topographic changes are drastic throughout the process, and the topographic changes of the downstream river channel 11 are significant.

[0055] In this embodiment, a mounting plate 22 is provided on the left side of the outer casing 18, and three filter screens 20 are arranged at equal intervals on the right side of the mounting plate 22. The outer sides of the mounting plate 22 and the filter screens 20 are in sliding contact with the inner wall of the outer casing 18.

[0056] The left side of the outer casing 18 is provided with an unlocking mechanism and a symmetrically arranged positioning mechanism. There are two sets of positioning mechanisms, and the unlocking mechanism cooperates with the positioning mechanism.

[0057] The positioning mechanism includes: a fixing block 24, a positioning spring 25, and a positioning frame 26;

[0058] The fixing block 24 is fixedly connected to the outer shell 18, the positioning frame 26 is slidably connected to the outer shell 18, and the positioning spring 25 is fixedly connected to the positioning frame 26 and the fixing block 24 respectively.

[0059] The unlocking mechanism includes: handle 23, mating block 28, fitting rod 29, sliding rod 30, sliding block 31, grip rod 32, return spring 33, and sliding frame 34;

[0060] Handle 23 is fixedly installed on the left side of mounting plate 22. Mating block 28 is fixedly installed on the left side of mounting plate 22. The two mating rods 29 are fixedly connected at their respective close sides to the two sliding rods 30 at their respective far sides. The right end of the sliding rod 30 is slidably connected to the left side of mounting plate 22. Sliding bracket 34 is fixedly installed on the left side of mounting plate 22. Grip rod 32 is slidably connected to the front side of sliding bracket 34. Return spring 33 is fixedly connected to grip rod 32 and mounting plate 22 respectively. The two mating rods 29 at their respective far sides are slidably contacted at their respective close sides to the two positioning brackets 26. After positioning bracket 26 engages with mating block 28, positioning bracket 26 can prevent mating block 28 and mounting plate 22 from disengaging from outer shell 18. Mounting plate 22 can then be installed on the left side of outer shell 18, and filter screen 20 can be installed on the inside of outer shell 18, thus ensuring the outer shell... The filter screen 20 inside the housing 18 filters the water passing through the housing 18, removing impurities and preventing system blockage. When the handle 23 is grasped and the lever 32 is pulled to the left, the return spring 33 is stretched first, and then the two sliding blocks 31 are moved to the left. The top and bottom of the lever 32 can be separated by the two sliding blocks 31, allowing the two sliding rods 30 to move away from each other. The two sliding rods 30 can then move the two mating rods 29 away from each other, pushing the two positioning brackets 26 to disengage from the two mating blocks 28, thereby unlocking the mating blocks 28 and the mounting plate 22. The mounting plate 22 can then be disassembled, and the mounting plate 22 will bring out the filter screen 20. The filter screen 20 can be directly pulled out from the mounting plate 22 and disengaged from the connecting block 21, thus enabling the disassembly of the filter screen 20 for easy replacement.

[0061] In this embodiment, a plurality of limiting blocks 19 arranged at equal intervals are fixedly installed on the inner right side wall of the outer casing 18. There are three limiting blocks 19. The tops of the three limiting blocks 19 slide in contact with the bottoms of the three filter screens 20 respectively. The limiting blocks 19 can restrict the filter screens 20 to be in a horizontal state inside the outer casing 18, prevent the filter screens 20 from tilting, prevent gaps from appearing between the outer side of the filter screens 20 and the inner wall of the outer casing 18, and prevent water from passing through the gaps.

[0062] In this embodiment, a plurality of connecting blocks 21 arranged at equal intervals are fixedly installed on the right side of the mounting plate 22. There are three connecting blocks 21. The tops of the three limiting blocks 19 slide in contact with the left sides of the three filter screens 20 respectively. The connecting blocks 21 are used to install the filter screens 20 on the mounting plate 22 so that they can be disassembled or installed by the mounting plate 22. The filter screens 20 can also be disassembled on the mounting plate 22 to facilitate the replacement of the filter screens 20.

[0063] In this embodiment, positioning blocks 27 are fixedly installed on the sides of the two positioning frames 26 that are close to each other. Positioning through holes are opened on the two mating blocks 28. The two positioning blocks 27 are detachably snapped into the inner walls of the two positioning grooves. The ends of the two positioning blocks 27 that are close to each other are in sliding contact with the sides of the two fitting rods 29 that are close to each other. The two fitting rods 29 are in sliding contact with the inner walls of the two positioning grooves. After the positioning block 27 is inserted into the inner side of the mating block 28, the positioning block 27 can block the movement of the mating block 28 and the mounting plate 22, thereby realizing the positioning of the mating block 28 and the mounting plate 22.

[0064] Working principle: The acquisition and control terminal 6 automatically adjusts the flow rate measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter 4. When the required inflow rate is small, the flow rate in the pipeline 17 is adjusted by controlling the opening of the electric control valve 5, thus changing the inflow rate. When the required inflow rate is large, the inflow rate is controlled by the electric lifting valve of the leveling tower 2. The outer casing 18 can also filter the water to prevent the system from becoming unusable due to blockage. There are ten ultrasonic level and flow rate meters 7, which are spaced apart, allowing for non-contact measurement of the water level in the upstream reservoir 8 and the flow velocity distribution along the breach. The surface flow field meter 10 measures the surface flow velocity distribution in the downstream river channel 11, revealing the breach formation and development mechanism and the evolution mechanism of the downstream river channel 11. The industrial cameras 12, with no image distortion, recorded the high-fidelity breach process of the landslide dam 9 from multiple angles and in all directions. The high-frequency terrain sensing instrument 13 scanned the actual breach at 20-second intervals, achieving refined high-frequency terrain sensing. The real-time analysis and control terminal 14 could adjust the industrial cameras 12 and the high-frequency terrain sensing instrument 13 according to actual conditions, and store and display various data during the breach process in real time. The mobile terrain instrument 15 and the stationary terrain instrument 16 were used to monitor the terrain changes in the downstream river channel 11. In the early stages of the breach, a large amount of sediment accumulated at the dam toe, continuously being transported and deposited downstream as the breach flow increased. The entire process resulted in dramatic terrain changes due to erosion and deposition, with significant changes in the terrain of the downstream river channel 11. When the filter screen 20 becomes clogged after prolonged water filtration by the housing 18, simply grasp the handle 23 on the left side of the housing 18 and pull the handle 32 to the left. This will first stretch the return spring 33, and then move the two sliding blocks 31 to the left. The top and bottom of the handle 32 will then widen the gap between the two sliding rods 30 through the two sliding blocks 31, causing the two sliding rods 30 to move away from each other. This will cause the two fitting rods 29 to move away from each other, pushing the two positioning brackets 26 to disengage from the two mating blocks 28, thus unlocking the mating blocks 28 and the mounting plate 22. The mounting plate 22 can then be disassembled, and the filter screen 20 can be pulled out directly from the mounting plate 22. Disconnecting the connecting block 21 allows for the removal of the filter screen 20. A new filter screen 20 is then inserted into the connecting block 21 and installed on the mounting plate 22. The mounting plate 22 is then aligned with the left side of the outer casing 18. The mating block 28 on the mounting plate 22 automatically engages with the positioning frame 26, bringing the filter screen 20 into the inner side of the outer casing 18. After the positioning frame 26 engages with the mating block 28, it prevents the mating block 28 and the mounting plate 22 from disengaging from the outer casing 18. The mounting plate 22 can then be installed on the left side of the outer casing 18, and the filter screen 20 installed on the inner side of the outer casing 18. This allows the filter screen 20 inside the outer casing 18 to filter the water entering the outer casing 18, removing impurities and preventing system blockage.

[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test monitoring system for landslide dam breach, comprising an automatic real-time control system for reservoir inflow conditions, a measurement system for strong unsteady flow during breach flood, a measurement system for breach development process, and a measurement system for downstream topographic changes, characterized in that, The breach development process measurement system and the downstream topographic change measurement system are both coordinated with the breach flood strong unsteady flow measurement system. The reservoir inflow condition automatic real-time control system includes: electric lifting gate (1), leveling tower (2), overflow weir (3), electromagnetic flowmeter (4), electric control valve (5), acquisition and control terminal (6), pipeline (17) and shell (18). The electric lifting door (1) is fixedly installed inside the leveling tower (2), the outer shell (18) is fixedly installed on the top of the leveling tower (2), the pipe (17) is fixedly installed on the top of the outer shell (18), the outer shell (18) is connected to the pipe (17) and the leveling tower (2) respectively, the electromagnetic flow meter (4) and the electric control valve (5) are both fixedly installed on the pipe (17), and the data acquisition and control terminal (6) is connected to the electromagnetic flow meter (4) and the electric control valve (5) respectively; The breach flood strong unsteady flow measurement system includes: an ultrasonic water level and velocity meter (7), an upstream reservoir (8), a landslide dam (9), a surface flow field meter (10), and a downstream river channel (11). The landslide dam (9) is located between the upstream reservoir (8) and the downstream river channel (11). The ultrasonic water level and velocity meter (7) is located at the top of the landslide dam (9), and the surface flow field meter (10) is located at the top of the downstream river channel (11). The breach development process measurement system includes: an industrial camera (12), a high-frequency terrain sensor (13), and a real-time analysis and control terminal (14). The industrial camera (12) is located on top of the ultrasonic water level and flow rate meter (7), the high-frequency terrain sensor (13) is located on the right side of the industrial camera (12) and on top of the downstream river channel (11), and the real-time analysis and control terminal (14) is located between the high-frequency terrain sensor (13) and the downstream river channel (11). The downstream topographic change measurement system includes a walking topographic instrument (15) and a stationary topographic instrument (16). The walking topographic instrument (15) and the stationary topographic instrument (16) are located on the front and rear sides of the downstream river channel (11), respectively; The outer casing (18) has a mounting plate (22) on the left side and three filters (20) arranged at equal intervals on the right side of the mounting plate (22). The outer sides of the mounting plate (22) and the filters (20) are in sliding contact with the inner wall of the outer casing (18). The left side of the outer shell (18) is provided with symmetrically arranged positioning mechanisms, and there are two sets of positioning mechanisms. The left side of the mounting plate (22) is provided with an unlocking mechanism, which cooperates with the positioning mechanism. The positioning mechanism includes: a fixing block (24), a positioning spring (25), and a positioning frame (26); The fixing block (24) is fixedly connected to the outer shell (18), the positioning frame (26) is slidably connected to the outer shell (18), and the positioning spring (25) is fixedly connected to the positioning frame (26) and the fixing block (24) respectively; The unlocking mechanism includes: a handle (23), a mating block (28), a fitting rod (29), a sliding rod (30), a sliding block (31), a grip rod (32), a return spring (33), and a sliding frame (34); The handle (23) is fixedly installed on the left side of the mounting plate (22), the mating block (28) is fixedly installed on the left side of the mounting plate (22), the two mating rods (29) are fixedly connected to the two sliding rods (30) on the opposite sides respectively, the right end of the sliding rod (30) is slidably connected to the left side of the mounting plate (22), the sliding frame (34) is fixedly installed on the left side of the mounting plate (22), the grip (32) is slidably connected to the front side of the sliding frame (34), the return spring (33) is fixedly connected to the grip (32) and the mounting plate (22) respectively, and the opposite ends of the two mating rods (29) are slidably contacted to the opposite sides of the two positioning frames (26).

2. The test monitoring system for landslide dam failure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple limiting blocks (19) are fixedly installed on the inner right side of the outer shell (18). There are three limiting blocks (19), and the tops of the three limiting blocks (19) slide in contact with the bottoms of the three filters (20).

3. The test monitoring system for landslide dam failure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting plate (22) has a number of connecting blocks (21) arranged at equal intervals fixedly installed on its right side. There are three connecting blocks (21), and the tops of the three limiting blocks (19) slide in contact with the left side of the three filters (20).

4. The test monitoring system for landslide dam failure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Positioning blocks (27) are fixedly installed on the side of the two positioning frames (26) that are close to each other. Positioning through holes are opened on the two mating blocks (28). The two positioning blocks (27) are detachably snapped into the inner walls of the two positioning grooves respectively. The ends of the two positioning blocks (27) that are close to each other are slidably in contact with the sides of the two fitting rods (29) that are close to each other respectively. The two fitting rods (29) are slidably in contact with the inner walls of the two positioning grooves respectively.

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