An online diagnosis method for electrical faults of rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator

Abstract

The present invention relates to an online diagnosis method for electrical faults in rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator, and proposes an online diagnosis and location method for electrical faults in rotating components of a multi-stage brushless synchronous starter generator based on the exciter rotor current characteristics. The method first estimates the three-phase current of the exciter rotor, and then performs a series of processing on the estimated rotor current, such as taking the absolute value, taking the average value, normalization, filtering the fundamental wave, etc., to obtain characteristic quantities such as the maximum ratio difference and the minimum approximate difference, which are used for the diagnosis and location of electrical faults in rotating components of the multi-stage starter generator. The proposed method can diagnose online whether an electrical fault occurs in the rotating components of the multi-stage starter generator (including the exciter rotor winding, the rotating rectifier, and the main motor excitation winding), and determine the fault type (open circuit fault or short circuit fault) and the specific location of the fault point. The method helps to improve the operational reliability and maintenance convenience of the multi-stage starter generator system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of motor fault diagnosis, and relates to an online diagnosis method for electrical faults of rotating parts of a multi-stage starter generator, and specifically to an online detection and positioning method for electrical faults of rotating parts of a multi-stage brushless synchronous starter generator based on the exciter rotor current characteristics. Background Art

[0002] As a key technology for more-electric aircraft, the integrated starter-generator system combines aircraft engine starting and onboard power supply functions, offering advantages such as compact size, weight, and high integration. Among various starter-generator systems, the multi-stage brushless synchronous starter-generator system, with its high reliability and superior power generation quality, holds significant potential for integrated aircraft starter-generator applications.

[0003] The typical multi-stage brushless synchronous starter generator structure diagram is as follows Figure 1 As shown in FIG, it consists of a permanent magnet auxiliary exciter, an exciter, a rotating rectifier, and a main motor. The exciter provides DC excitation current to the rotor winding of the main motor via the rotating rectifier connected to its rotor winding.

[0004] The high thermal and mechanical stresses during high-speed motor rotation make the rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator a component with a high electrical failure rate in the system. Therefore, conducting research on electrical fault diagnosis of rotating components is of great significance to improving system reliability and maintainability. The electrically related rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator include the exciter rotor winding, rotating rectifier, and main motor excitation winding, all of which are susceptible to open circuit or short circuit failures. Among various electrical faults, a short circuit or open circuit in a single-phase winding (or a single diode) is the earliest and most common type of fault. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the health of the exciter rotor winding, rotating rectifier, and main motor excitation winding in real time. In other words, to diagnose whether there is an electrical fault in the rotating components in real time. This is called electrical fault diagnosis of the rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator.

[0005] When conducting electrical fault diagnosis on the rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator, it is necessary to determine the fault type and the component where the fault occurred, namely, whether the fault is a short circuit or an open circuit, and whether the fault point is the exciter rotor winding, the rotating rectifier, or the main motor excitation winding. In addition, if the fault point is in the exciter rotor winding or the rotating rectifier, it is necessary to further determine the specific location of the fault, that is, to locate the faulty phase of the exciter rotor winding or the faulty diode of the rotating rectifier, so as to facilitate the implementation of appropriate measures after the fault occurs. Most existing fault diagnosis methods for multi-stage starter generators perform fault diagnosis on the exciter rotor winding, the rotating rectifier, or the main motor excitation winding separately, and few methods can simultaneously diagnose and locate faults in all three components.

[0006] The present invention proposes an online diagnosis method for electrical faults in rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator based on the exciter rotor current characteristics. The proposed method can realize online diagnosis of whether electrical faults have occurred in the rotating components of the multi-stage starter generator (including the exciter rotor winding, rotating rectifier and main motor excitation winding), as well as the determination of the fault type and the location of the fault point. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Technical problems to be solved

[0008] In order to avoid the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention proposes an online diagnosis method for electrical faults of rotating parts of a multi-stage starter generator. Regarding the electrical fault diagnosis of rotating parts of a multi-stage starter generator, the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are mainly: online diagnosis of whether an electrical fault occurs in the rotating parts of the multi-stage starter generator (including the exciter rotor winding, rotating rectifier and main motor excitation winding), and determination of the fault type (open circuit fault or short circuit fault) and the specific location of the fault point.

[0009] Technical Solution

[0010] A method for online diagnosis of electrical faults in rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator is described. The rotating components include the exciter rotor winding, rotating rectifier, and main motor excitation winding. The exciter rotor winding comprises three phases: A, B, and C, designated EA, EB, and EC. The rotating rectifier consists of six diodes, with the upper diode D1 and lower diode D4 for phase A, the upper diode D3 and lower diode D6 for phase B, and the upper diode D5 and lower diode D2 for phase C. The main motor excitation winding is designated MM. The direction of current flowing from the exciter rotor winding into the rotating rectifier is defined as positive. Electrical faults described include open circuit faults and short circuit faults.

[0011] The method is characterized in that the steps are as follows:

[0012] Step 1: Use the sensor to collect the stator voltage and current of the exciter, and estimate the three-phase current of the exciter rotor according to the voltage equation and flux equation of the exciter, which is recorded as i a 、i b 、i c , it is stipulated that the direction of the current flowing from the exciter rotor winding into the rotating rectifier is positive;

[0013] The average value of the exciter rotor current vector amplitude within one cycle is calculated based on the estimated exciter rotor three-phase current, and then the rotor three-phase current is normalized using the average value as a normalization factor;

[0014] The fundamental component of the current obtained after normalization with the same frequency as the exciter rotor current is filtered out, and the filtered quantity is recorded as i ah 、i bh 、ich ;

[0015] to i a 、i b 、i c 、i ah 、i bh 、i ch Take the absolute value and record it as i |a| 、i |b| 、i |c| 、i |ah| 、i |bh| 、i |ch| ;

[0016] Use sliding window mode to calculate i within a period a 、i b 、i c 、i |a| 、i |b| 、i |c| 、i |ah| 、i |bh| 、i |ch| The average value of a 、A b 、A c 、A |a| 、A |b| 、A |c| 、A |ah| 、A |bh| 、A |ch| ;

[0017] Calculate A |a| 、A |b| 、A |c| The ratio difference, Denoted as d1; Denoted as d2; Recorded as d3; take the maximum value among d1, d2, and d3, recorded as d max , that is, d max =max{d1,d2,d3}, called the maximum ratio difference;

[0018] Step 2: Use the value obtained in step 1 and the thresholds P1 and P2 to diagnose the electrical fault of the rotating component, identify the faulty component, and determine the fault type as follows:

[0019] According to A |a| 、A |b| 、A |c| 、A |ah| 、A |bh| 、A |ch| The main motor excitation winding fault is diagnosed based on the relationship between the thresholds P1 and P2. The thresholds P1 and P2 are positive values ​​close to 0. The fault type is determined as follows:

[0020] (1) When A |a| <P1 and A |b| <P1 and A |c| <P1, it is determined that an open - circuit fault has occurred in the main motor excitation winding;

[0021] (2) If A[[ID= twelve]] |a| ≥P1 or A |b| ≥P1 or A |c| ≥P1, when A |ah| <P2 and A |bh| <P2 and A |ch| <P2, it is determined that a short - circuit fault has occurred in the main motor excitation winding;

[0022] According to the interval where the value of d is located, and the magnitude relationship between A a 、A b 、A c and the absolute values |A a |, |A b |, |A c | and the threshold P3, identify the faults of the exciter rotor winding or the rotating rectifier; where the threshold P3 takes a positive value close to 0, D1≈0.5, D2≥10, D3≈1.5, and it is adjusted and determined according to the actual application object: <OPTIONAL_TEXT274>(1) When |A a |<P3 and |A b |<P3 and |A c |<P3, and 0≤d max <D1, it is determined that no electrical fault has occurred in the rotating components;

[0024] (2) When |A a |<P3 and |A b |<P3 and |A c |<P3, and D1≤d max ≤D2, it is determined that a short - circuit fault has occurred in the exciter rotor winding;

[0025] (3) When |A a |<P3 and |A b |<P3 and |A c |<P3, and d max >D2, it is determined that an open - circuit fault has occurred in the exciter rotor winding;

[0026] (4) When |A a |≥P3 or |A b |≥P3 or |A c |≥P3, and d max ≤D3, it is determined that a short - circuit fault has occurred in the rotating rectifier;<00OO281>​

[0027] (5)When |A a |≥P3 or |A b |≥P3 or |A c |≥P3, and d max >D3, it is determined that the rotating rectifier has an open circuit fault.

[0028] This is more clearly shown in Table 1 below:

[0029] ■Table 1: Diagnostic criteria for faulty equipment and fault types

[0030]

[0031] After determining that the exciter rotor winding or rotating rectifier is faulty in step 2, locate the fault point as follows:

[0032] Calculate A |a| 、A |b| 、A |c| The ratio of to 1 is approximately: Calculate Denote it as e1; calculate Denote it as e2; calculate Recorded as e3; take the minimum value among e1, e2, and e3, recorded as e min , that is, e min =min{e1,e2,e3}, called the minimum approximate difference;

[0033] Calculate the number of phases with positive average current in the three-phase current of the exciter rotor, recorded as sum + ;

[0034] According to e min and sum + The fault point is located by the value of:

[0035] (1) When e min =e1, the fault phase is judged to be phase C; when e min =e2, the fault phase is determined to be phase A; when e min =e3, the fault phase is judged to be phase B;

[0036] (2) When it is determined in step 2 that the faulty device is the rotating rectifier, further fault location is performed; when sum + =1, it is judged that the fault occurs in the lower bridge arm of the fault phase; when sum + =2, it is judged that the fault occurs in the upper arm of the fault phase.

[0037] This is more clearly shown in Table 2 below:

[0038] ■Table 2: Fault location criteria table

[0039]

[0040] The sliding window mode is adopted according to the exciter rotor current frequency.

[0041] The exciter rotor current frequency adopts the sliding window mode: the rotor current frequency is f1, the sampling frequency is f2, and the number of sampling points in one current cycle is Perform moving window sampling according to the number of sampling points n.

[0042] The filtering in step 1 uses a band-stop filter to filter out the fundamental component of the current obtained after normalization, which has the same frequency as the exciter rotor current.

[0043] A multi-stage starter generator controller is characterized by comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to implement the steps of the multi-stage starter generator rotating component online diagnosis method when executing a computer program stored in the memory.

[0044] A readable storage medium is characterized in that a computer program is stored on the readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the online diagnosis method of electrical faults of rotating parts of a multi-stage starter generator are implemented.

[0045] A computer program product is characterized by comprising computer executable instructions, which are used to implement the online diagnosis method for electrical faults of rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator when the instructions are executed.

[0046] Beneficial effects

[0047] The present invention proposes an online diagnosis method for electrical faults in rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator, and proposes an online diagnosis and location method for electrical faults in rotating components of a multi-stage brushless synchronous starter generator based on the exciter rotor current characteristics. The method first estimates the three-phase current of the exciter rotor, and then performs a series of processing on the estimated rotor current, such as taking the absolute value, taking the average, normalizing, and filtering the fundamental wave, to obtain characteristic quantities such as the maximum ratio difference and the minimum approximate difference, which are used for the diagnosis and location of electrical faults in rotating components of the multi-stage starter generator. The proposed method can diagnose online whether electrical faults have occurred in the rotating components of the multi-stage starter generator (including the exciter rotor winding, rotating rectifier, and main motor excitation winding), and determine the fault type (open circuit fault or short circuit fault) and the specific location of the fault point. This method helps to improve the operational reliability and maintenance convenience of the multi-stage starter generator system.

[0048] The proposed method can online diagnose electrical faults in the rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator (including the exciter rotor winding, rotating rectifier, and main motor excitation winding), and determine the fault type and location. This method helps improve the operational reliability and maintenance convenience of multi-stage starter generator systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-stage starter generator;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of the rotor portion of a multi-stage starter generator;

[0051] Figure 3 This is the idea behind the method for diagnosing and locating electrical faults of rotating parts proposed by the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a data processing block diagram for the electrical fault diagnosis of rotating components according to the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of the method for diagnosing and locating electrical faults of rotating components proposed by the present invention;

[0054] Figure 6 Characteristic quantities Aabc, A|abc|, A|abch| for the main motor excitation winding short circuit (operating condition 1);

[0055] Figure 7 Characteristic quantities d1, d2, d3, dmax; e1, e2, e3, emin; sum+ for the main motor excitation winding short circuit (operating condition 1);

[0056] Figure 8 are the characteristic quantities Aabc, A|abc|, and A|abch| of the exciter rotor winding phase C open circuit (operating condition 2);

[0057] Figure 9 The characteristic quantities d1, d2, d3, dmax, e1, e2, e3, emin, and sum+ of the exciter rotor winding phase C open circuit (operating condition 2) are:

[0058] Figure 10 are the characteristic quantities Aabc, A|abc|, and A|abch| of the short circuit of the upper tube (D1) of phase A of the rotating rectifier (operating condition 3);

[0059] Figure 11 The characteristic quantities d1, d2, d3, dmax, e1, e2, e3, emin, and sum+ are for the short circuit (operating condition 3) of the upper tube (D1) of phase A of the rotating rectifier.

[0060] Figure 12are the characteristic quantities Aabc, A|abc|, and A|abch| when no electrical fault occurs (working condition 4);

[0061] Figure 13 Characteristic quantities d1, d2, d3, dmax; e1, e2, e3, emin; sum+ when no electrical fault occurs (working condition 4). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0063] A method for online diagnosis and location of electrical faults in rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator based on the exciter rotor current characteristics. The rotating components include the exciter rotor winding, a rotating rectifier, and the main motor excitation winding. The exciter rotor winding includes three phases: A, B, and C, designated EA, EB, and EC. The rotating rectifier consists of six diodes, with the upper diode D1 and lower diode D4 for phase A, the upper diode D3 and lower diode D6 for phase B, and the upper diode D5 and lower diode D2 for phase C. The main motor excitation winding is designated MM. The direction of current flowing from the exciter rotor winding into the rotating rectifier is defined as positive. Electrical faults include open circuit faults and short circuit faults.

[0064] Figure 3 This is the idea behind the method for diagnosing and locating electrical faults of rotating parts proposed by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a data processing block diagram for the electrical fault diagnosis of rotating components according to the present invention; Figure 5 The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, which include but are not limited to the following embodiments.

[0065] In the embodiment, a multi-stage starter generator simulation model is built, and the structure diagram of the multi-stage starter generator used is as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, the stator excitation winding of the exciter is a two-phase winding. During the system simulation operation, it is assumed that the direction of the current flowing from the exciter rotor winding to the rotating rectifier is positive, the motor speed is 100r / min, the exciter stator excitation voltage is 100V, the frequency is 110Hz, and the exciter rotor current frequency is 100Hz. The fault diagnosis and positioning method proposed is described by taking the main motor excitation winding short circuit (working condition 1), the exciter rotor winding C phase open circuit (working condition 2), the rotating rectifier A phase upper tube (D1) short circuit (working condition 3), and no electrical fault (working condition 4) as examples. The specific steps included in the embodiment are as follows:

[0066] 1. Estimate the three-phase current of the exciter rotor and process the data to obtain the required characteristic quantities. The details are as follows:

[0067] (1.1) Use a sensor to detect the stator phase current i of the exciteralphas 、i betas and phase voltage u alphas 、u betas , the three-phase current of the exciter rotor is estimated by the existing method, denoted as i a 、i b 、i c .

[0068] (1.2) Based on the estimated three-phase current of the exciter rotor, the average value of the exciter rotor current vector amplitude within one cycle is calculated, and then normalization is performed using this average value as the normalization factor. A band-stop filter is used to filter out the fundamental component of the normalized current that is equal to the frequency of the exciter rotor current. The filtered value is recorded as i ah 、i bh 、i ch .

[0069] (1.3) For the obtained i a 、i b 、i c 、i ah 、i bh 、i ch Take the absolute value and record it as i |a| 、i |b| 、i |c| 、i |ah| 、i |bh| 、i |ch| .

[0070] (1.4) According to the exciter rotor current frequency, the sliding window mode is used to calculate the i within one cycle. a 、i b 、i c 、i |a| 、i |b| 、i |c| 、i |ah| 、i |bh| 、i |ch| Average value: The frequency of the rotor current is 100Hz, and the sampling frequency is 100kHz. The number of sampling points in one cycle of the current is Based on this, moving window sampling is performed to calculate i in one cycle in real time. a 、i b 、i c 、i |a| 、i |b| 、i |c| 、i |ah| 、i |bh| 、i |ch| The average value of a 、A b 、A c 、A |a| 、A|b| 、A |c| 、A |ah| 、A |bh| 、A |ch| .

[0071] (1.5) Calculate A |a| 、A |b| 、A |c| The ratio difference, And take the maximum value: d max =max{d1,d2,d3}.

[0072] The above steps can be used to obtain the fault diagnosis feature quantity. The simulation results are shown in Table 3 and Table 4. Figure 6-Figure 13 As shown:

[0073] Table 3: Example exciter rotor current preprocessing parameter values

[0074] Eigenvalue (A) <![CDATA[A a ]]> <![CDATA[A b ]]> <![CDATA[A c ]]> <![CDATA[A |a| ]]> <![CDATA[A |b| ]]> <![CDATA[A |c| ]]> <![CDATA[A |ah| ]]> <![CDATA[A |bh| ]]> <![CDATA[A |ch| ]]> Working condition 1 0 0 0 27.1 27.1 27.1 0.01 0.01 0.01 Working condition 2 0 0 0 7.7 7.7 0 0.23 0.23 0 Working condition 3 -16.5 8.3 8.2 21.9 14.7 15.1 0.60 0.33 0.32 Working condition 4 0 0 0 9.2 9.2 9.2 0.10 0.10 0.10 Eigenvalue <![CDATA[d1]]> <![CDATA[d2]]> <![CDATA[d3]]> <![CDATA[d max ]]> <![CDATA[e1]]> <![CDATA[e2]]> <![CDATA[e3]]> <![CDATA[e min ]]> <![CDATA[sum + ]]> Working condition 1 - - - - - - - - - Working condition 2 ∞ ∞ 1 ∞ 0 ∞ ∞ <![CDATA[e1]]> - Working condition 3 0.52 0.28 0.80 0.80 0.49 0.03 0.46 <![CDATA[e2]]> 2 Working condition 4 0 0 0 0 - - - - -

[0075] 2: Based on the characteristic values ​​obtained in step 1, perform electrical fault diagnosis of the rotating component according to Table 1, including identifying the faulty component and determining the fault type.

[0076] (2.1) According to A |a| 、A |b| 、A |c| 、A |ah| 、A |bh| 、A |ch| The fault diagnosis of the main motor excitation winding is performed based on the relationship between the threshold values ​​P1 and P2, and the threshold values ​​P1 and P2 are set to 0.02.

[0077] Working condition 1: A |a| >0.02 and A |b| >0.02 and A |c| >0.02, A |ah| <0.02 and A |bh| <0.02 and A |ch| <0.02, it is judged that a short circuit fault occurs in the excitation winding of the main motor.

[0078] Working condition 2: A |a| >0.02, A |b| >0.02, A |c| <0.02, A |ah| >0.02, A |bh| >0.02, A cerhabs <0.02.

[0079] Working condition 3: A |a| >0.02, A |b| >0.02, A|c| >0.02, A |ah| >0.02, A |bh| >0.02, A cerhabs >0.02.

[0080] Working condition 4: A |a| <0.02, A |b| <0.02, A |c| <0.02, A |ah| >0.02, A |bh| >0.02, A cerhabs >0.02.

[0081] (2.2) According to d max The value range of A a 、A b 、A c The absolute value of |A a |、|A b |、|A c The relationship between the magnitude and the threshold value P3 is used to identify faults in the exciter rotor winding or rotating rectifier. The threshold value P3 is set to 0.02, D1 = 0.5, D2 = 10, and D3 = 1.5.

[0082] Working condition 2: |A a |<0.02,|A b |<0.02,|A c |<0.02,d max =∞>10, it is judged that the exciter rotor winding is open circuit fault.

[0083] Working condition 3: |A a |>0.02,|A b |>0.02,|A c |>0.02,d max =0.80<1.5, it is determined that the rotating rectifier is short-circuited.

[0084] Working condition 4: |A a |<0.02,|A b |<0.02,|A c |<0.02, d max =0<0.5, it is determined that there is no electrical fault in the rotating component.

[0085] 3: If the exciter rotor winding or rotating rectifier is faulty in step 2, according to Table 2 and e min and sum + The fault point is located based on the value of

[0086] (3.1) Calculate A |a| 、A |b| 、A|c| The ratio of is approximately equal to 1. Calculate And take the minimum value: e min =min{e1,e2,e3}.

[0087] (3.2) Calculate the number of phases with positive average current in the three-phase current of the exciter rotor, denoted as sum + .

[0088] The above steps can be used to obtain the fault diagnosis feature quantity, and the results are shown in Table 3 and Figure 6-Figure 13 shown.

[0089] (3.3) According to e min and sum + The fault point is located by the value of

[0090] Working condition 2: e min =e1, the fault point is located in the C-phase winding of the exciter rotor.

[0091] Working condition 3: e min =e2, the fault phase is phase A; sum + =2, the fault point is located in the upper bridge arm. The fault point is located in the rotating rectifier D1 tube.

[0092] This paper proposes a method for online diagnosis and location of electrical faults in the rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator based on the exciter rotor current characteristics. This method can diagnose electrical faults in the rotating components (including the exciter rotor winding, rotating rectifier, and main motor excitation winding) online, and determine the fault type and location. This method helps improve the operational reliability and maintenance convenience of multi-stage starter generator systems.

Claims

1. A method for online diagnosis of electrical faults in rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator, characterized in that Here are the steps: Step 1: Use the sensor to collect the stator voltage and current of the exciter, and estimate the three-phase current of the exciter rotor according to the voltage equation and flux equation of the exciter, which is recorded as i a 、i b 、i c , it is stipulated that the direction of the current flowing from the exciter rotor winding into the rotating rectifier is positive; The average value of the exciter rotor current vector amplitude within one cycle is calculated based on the estimated exciter rotor three-phase current, and then the rotor three-phase current is normalized using the average value as a normalization factor; The fundamental component of the current obtained after normalization with the same frequency as the exciter rotor current is filtered out, and the filtered quantity is recorded as i ah 、i bh 、i ch ; Opposite a , i b , i c , i ah , i bh , i ch The process of completing the process, recording |a| , i |b| , i |c| , i |ah| , i |bh| , i |ch| ; Use sliding window mode to calculate i within a period a 、i b 、i c 、i |a| 、i |b| 、i |c| 、i |ah| 、i |bh| 、i |ch| The average value of a 、A b 、A c 、A |a| 、A |b| 、A |c| 、A |ah| 、A |bh| 、A |ch| ; Calculate A |a| 、A |b| 、A |c| The ratio difference, Denoted as d1; Denoted as d2; Recorded as d3; take the maximum value among d1, d2, and d3, recorded as d max , that is, d max =max{d1,d2,d3}, called the maximum ratio difference; Step 2: Use the value obtained in step 1 and the thresholds P1 and P2 to diagnose the electrical fault of the rotating component, identify the faulty component, and determine the fault type as follows: According to A |a| 、A |b| 、A |c| 、A |ah| 、A |bh| 、A |ch| The main motor excitation winding fault is diagnosed based on the relationship between the thresholds P1 and P2. The thresholds P1 and P2 are positive values ​​close to 0. The fault type is determined as follows: (1) When A |a| <P1 and A |b| <P1 and A |c| <P1, it is determined that an open - circuit fault has occurred in the main motor excitation winding; (2) If A |a| ≥ P1 or A |b| ≥ P1 or A |c| ≥ P1, when A |ah| < P2 and A |bh| < P2 and A |ch| < P2, it is judged that a short - circuit fault occurs in the main motor excitation winding; According to d max The value range of A a 、A b 、A c The absolute value of |A a |、|A b |、|A c | The relationship between the magnitude of the threshold value P3 is used to identify faults in the exciter rotor winding or rotating rectifier; the threshold value P3 is a positive value close to 0, D1≈0.5, D2≥10, and D3≈1.5, and is adjusted and determined according to the actual application object: (1) When |A a | < P3 and |A b | < P3 and |A c | < P3, and 0 ≤ d max < D1, it is determined that the rotating component has not experienced an electrical fault; (2) When |A a | < P3 and |A b | < P3 and |A c | < P3, and D1 ≤ d max ≤ D2, it is determined that a short - circuit fault has occurred in the exciter rotor winding; (3) When |A a | < P3 and |A b | < P3 and |A c | < P3, and d max > D2, it is determined that an open - circuit fault has occurred in the exciter rotor winding; (4) When |A a |≥P3 or |A b |≥P3 or |A c |≥P3, and d max ≤D3, it is judged that the rotating rectifier has a short circuit fault; (5)When |A a |≥P3 or |A b |≥P3 or |A c |≥P3, and d max >D3, it is determined that the rotating rectifier has an open circuit fault.

2. The method for online diagnosis of electrical faults in rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: After determining that the exciter rotor winding or rotating rectifier is faulty in step 2, locate the fault point as follows: Calculate A |a| 、A |b| 、A |c| The ratio of to 1 is approximately: Calculate Denote it as e1; calculate Denote it as e2; calculate Recorded as e3; take the minimum value among e1, e2, and e3, recorded as e min , that is, e min =min{e1,e2,e3}, called the minimum approximate difference; Calculate the number of phases with positive average current in the three-phase current of the exciter rotor, recorded as sum + ; According to e min and sum + The fault point is located by the value of: (1) When e min =e1, the fault phase is judged to be phase C; when e min =e2, the fault phase is determined to be phase A; when e min =e3, the fault phase is judged to be phase B; (2) When it is determined in step 2 that the faulty device is the rotating rectifier, further fault location is performed; when sum + =1, it is judged that the fault occurs in the lower bridge arm of the fault phase; when sum + =2, it is judged that the fault occurs in the upper arm of the fault phase.

3. The method for online diagnosis of electrical faults in rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding window mode is adopted according to the exciter rotor current frequency.

4. The method for online diagnosis of electrical faults in rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The exciter rotor current frequency adopts the sliding window mode: the rotor current frequency is f1, the sampling frequency is f2, and the number of sampling points in one current cycle is Perform moving window sampling according to the number of sampling points n.

5. The method for online diagnosis of electrical faults in rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtering in step 1 uses a band-stop filter to filter out the fundamental component of the current obtained after normalization, which has the same frequency as the exciter rotor current.

6. A multi-stage starter generator controller, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to implement the steps of the method for online diagnosis of electrical faults of rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 when executing a computer program stored in the memory.

7. A readable storage medium, characterized in that: The readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for online diagnosis of electrical faults of rotating components of a multi-stage starter generator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer program product, characterized in that The invention comprises computer executable instructions, which are used to implement the online diagnosis method for electrical faults of rotating parts of a multi-stage starter generator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 when being executed.

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