Low-power-consumption multi-type battery pack compatible circuit

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-power-consumption multi-type battery pack compatible circuit and belongs to the technical field of electronics, a battery pack is composed of a plurality of batteries, positive and negative electrodes of each battery are led out through wires to facilitate series-parallel connection, and a switch group is composed of a plurality of MOS transistors of different types and used for controlling the series-parallel connection state of the battery pack. The control unit is used for receiving a control signal and realizing series-parallel connection switching of the battery pack by manually switching or controlling a power supply output signal, the output port is used for being connected with external equipment and providing stable power supply output, and when high voltage output is needed, the control unit controls the switch group to enable the battery pack to be in a series connection state so as to provide higher total voltage output; when low voltage output is needed, the control unit controls the switch group to enable the battery pack to be in a parallel connection state so as to provide larger total current output or longer service time, and the power supply switching circuit has higher stability and reliability through the use of discrete components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electronic technology, and more particularly to a low-power consumption multi-type battery pack compatible circuit. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development and expansion of the electronic product market, different types of batteries are widely used in various electronic products due to their different performance characteristics. For example, alkaline batteries are widely used in low-end products due to their low cost and stable performance, while lithium batteries dominate in high-end products due to their high energy density and long life. Therefore, developing a circuit that can be compatible with multiple types of batteries to meet the needs of different products has important market value.

[0003] With the improvement of environmental awareness and the intensification of the energy crisis, low power consumption has become an important trend in the design of electronic products. Especially in portable electronic products and IoT devices, low power consumption design can not only extend battery life and reduce the frequency of battery replacement, but also reduce overall energy consumption, which meets the requirements of sustainable development. Therefore, the development of a low-power battery pack compatible circuit is of great significance to improving the market competitiveness of electronic products.

[0004] In the existing power circuit design, the series-parallel switching of battery packs usually requires complex circuit structures and control strategies. This not only increases the complexity and cost of the circuit, but also has low switching efficiency and poor stability in actual operation. Therefore, designing a battery pack series-parallel switching circuit with simple structure, low cost and high switching efficiency has important practical significance and application value.

[0005] The technical difficulty of battery compatibility lies in: different types of batteries have different characteristics such as voltage, capacity and internal resistance. How to ensure that the circuit is compatible with multiple types of batteries while ensuring the stability and reliability of the circuit. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research and analysis on battery characteristics and select appropriate circuit topology and control strategy to achieve battery compatibility and circuit efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0006] 1. Technical issues to be solved

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-power multi-type battery pack compatible circuit, which can achieve rapid series-parallel switching of battery packs through a simple circuit structure and control strategy. The circuit is compatible with alkaline batteries, acid batteries and lithium batteries.

[0008] 2. Technical solution

[0009] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0010] A low power consumption multi-type battery pack compatible circuit, comprising:

[0011] The battery pack is composed of multiple battery packs, and the positive and negative electrodes of each battery pack are led out through wires;

[0012] The switch group is composed of multiple MOS tubes of different types and is used to control the series and parallel status of the battery group;

[0013] A control unit, used to receive a control signal and realize series-parallel switching of battery groups by manual switching or controlling the power supply output signal;

[0014] Output port, used to connect external devices and provide stable power output.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the control unit includes an input terminal capable of receiving high-level and low-level signals. When a high-level signal is received, the battery groups are placed in series, and when a low-level signal is received, the battery groups are placed in parallel.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the switch group includes a plurality of MOS tubes (Q15, Q17, Q18, Q20, Q21, Q22), and the series-parallel switching of the battery groups is realized by controlling whether these MOS tubes are turned on or off.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the control unit limits the current through the R74 resistor, inputs a high-level signal to the G terminal of Q17, turns on Q17, and further controls the G terminal voltage of Q15, thereby realizing the series connection of the battery packs.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the control unit inputs a low-level signal to the G terminal of Q17 through the R80 resistor, so that Q17 is not conducting, and then controls the G terminal voltage of Q15, thereby realizing the parallel connection of the battery groups.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the G end of Q15 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the R75 resistor, the G end of Q20 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the R77 and R75 resistors, and the G ends of Q21 and Q22 are connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the R75 resistor.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the D end of Q17 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through resistors R78 and R75, the G end of Q18 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT1 battery pack through resistor R76, and the S end of Q18 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT1 battery pack through diode D6.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, when Q17 is turned on, the G terminal voltage of Q21 and Q22 is pulled down, so that Q21 and Q22 are not turned on, and the negative electrode of the BAT1 battery pack is in a suspended state, thereby realizing the series mode.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, when Q17 is not conducting, the G terminal voltage of Q21 and Q22 is high level, so that Q21 and Q22 are conducting, and the negative electrode of the BAT1 battery pack is connected to the ground through Q21 and Q22, thereby realizing the parallel mode.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, the D end of Q18 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack, and the S end is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT1 battery pack, and the two battery groups are connected in parallel by the conduction of Q18.

[0024] 3. Beneficial effects

[0025] (1) This solution achieves fast switching between series and parallel of battery packs through a simple circuit structure and control strategy. The circuit is compatible with alkaline batteries, acid batteries and lithium batteries.

[0026] (2) In this solution, when high voltage output is required, the control unit controls the switch group to put the battery groups in series. At this time, the positive electrode of each battery cell is connected to the negative electrode of the next battery cell, and the current flows through each battery cell in turn, and the voltage is added, thereby obtaining a higher total voltage output. This is suitable for scenarios that require high voltage output, such as driving high-voltage equipment or increasing the power of power tools.

[0027] (3) In this solution, when low voltage output is required, the control unit controls the switch group to put the battery groups in parallel. At this time, the positive poles of all battery cells are connected together, and all negative poles are also connected together. Current can flow through multiple battery cells at the same time, and the current is added together to obtain a larger total current output or a longer use time. It is suitable for scenarios that require large current or long-term power supply, such as driving high-power equipment or providing continuous and stable current output.

[0028] (4) The control unit of this solution can automatically or manually switch the series-parallel state of the battery group according to external signals or preset conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is the circuit principle diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a circuit function division diagram of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the output result of the simulation software simulating the serial mode in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the output results of the simulation software simulating the parallel mode in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0033] The numbers in the figure represent:

[0034] 101. Battery pack; 102. Switch pack; 103. Control unit; 104. Output port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] See also Figure 1-2 , a low-power multi-type battery pack compatible circuit, uses discrete components to build the circuit, including a battery pack group, a switch group, a control unit and an output port.

[0037] The battery pack is composed of multiple battery packs, the specific number of which can be determined according to the circuit requirements and the specifications of the battery pack. The positive and negative poles of each battery pack are led out through wires to facilitate series and parallel connection.

[0038] The switch group is composed of multiple MOS tubes of different types and is used to control the series and parallel status of the battery group.

[0039] The control unit receives the control signal and can switch the battery packs in series or in parallel by manual switching or controlling the power supply output signal. The control unit can be a simple switch for manually switching the battery packs in series or in parallel. It can also be a circuit with logic control function, such as a microcontroller, which automatically switches the battery packs in series or in parallel according to external signals or preset conditions.

[0040] The output port is used to connect external devices and provide stable power output.

[0041] The specific connection relationship of electronic components is as follows:

[0042] Battery pack 101: includes multiple battery packs (such as BAT1 and BAT2), and the positive and negative electrodes of each battery pack are led out through wires.

[0043] Switch group 102:

[0044] Q15 (P-channel MOS tube), the G terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the R75 resistor, the S terminal is connected to the positive output terminal of the BAT1 battery pack, and the D terminal is connected to the negative electrode of the BAT1 battery pack.

[0045] Q17 (N-channel MOS tube), the G terminal is grounded through the R80 resistor, the D terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the R78 and R75 resistors, and the S terminal is connected to the ground.

[0046] Q18 (P-channel MOS tube), the G terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT1 battery pack through the R76 resistor, the S terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT1 battery pack through the D6 diode, and the D terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack.

[0047] Q20 (N-channel MOS tube), the G terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the R77 and R75 resistors, the S terminal is connected to the ground, the D terminal is connected to the G terminal of Q18, and is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT1 battery pack through the R76 resistor.

[0048] Q21 (N-channel MOS tube), the G terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the R75 resistor, the S terminal is connected to the ground, and the D terminal is connected to the negative electrode of the BAT1 battery pack.

[0049] Q22 (N-channel MOS tube), the G terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the R75 resistor, the S terminal is connected to the ground, and the D terminal is connected to the negative electrode of the BAT1 battery pack.

[0050] Control unit 103:

[0051] The current is limited by the resistor R74, and the high-level signal is input to the G terminal of Q17.

[0052] When the control unit receives a high-level signal, the voltage at the G terminal of Q17 is high, causing Q17 to conduct, pulling down the voltage at the G terminal of Q15, thereby turning on Q15 and realizing the series connection of the battery pack.

[0053] When the control unit receives a low-level signal, the voltage at the G terminal of Q17 is low, making Q17 non-conductive, and the G terminal of Q15 is kept at a high level through the R75 resistor, making Q15 non-conductive, thus realizing the parallel connection of the battery pack.

[0054] The output port 104 is connected to an external device to provide a stable power output.

[0055] Related resistors and diodes:

[0056] Resistor R74: connects the output terminal of the control unit 103 and the G terminal of Q17.

[0057] Resistor R75: Connect the positive terminal of the BAT2 battery pack and the G terminals of Q15, Q20, Q21, and Q22.

[0058] Resistor R76: Connect the positive terminal of the BAT1 battery pack and the G terminal of Q18.

[0059] Resistor R77: Connect the positive terminal of the BAT2 battery pack and the G terminal of Q20.

[0060] Resistor R78: Connects the positive terminal of the BAT2 battery pack to the D terminal of Q17.

[0061] R80 resistor: connects the G terminal of Q17 and ground.

[0062] Resistor R83: Connect the positive terminal of the BAT1 battery pack and the G terminal of Q15.

[0063] D6 diode: connects the S terminal of Q18 and the positive terminal of the BAT1 battery pack.

[0064] D7 diode: connects the positive terminal of BAT2 battery pack and output port 104.

[0065] The specific structure of battery series-parallel connection is divided into the following parts:

[0066] Series structure: When the battery groups need to be connected in series, each switch in the switch group is turned to the series position, so that the positive and negative electrodes of all battery groups are connected in sequence to form a series circuit. The total voltage of the series circuit is equal to the sum of the voltages of each battery group, and the total capacity is equal to the capacity of a single battery group.

[0067] Parallel structure: When the battery groups need to be connected in parallel, each switch in the switch group is turned to the parallel position, so that the positive poles of all battery groups are connected, and all negative poles are also connected to form a parallel circuit. The total voltage of the parallel circuit is the same as the voltage of a single battery group, and the total capacity is equal to the sum of the capacities of each battery group.

[0068] Switching mechanism: When switching between series and parallel states, you only need to operate the switches in the switch group to achieve rapid switching of the circuit. If a control unit is used for automatic switching, the control unit can be triggered by external signals or preset conditions to control the action of the switch group.

[0069] Embodiment 1:

[0070] Series Mode:

[0071] When the control unit 103 area receives a high level, the R74 resistor limits the input signal, and the G point of Q17 has a high level, forming a voltage difference with the S point, turning on the DS of Q17 and grounding the D point;

[0072] At this time, the G point of Q15 will be pulled down to OV. Since the S level of Q15 is connected to the positive output terminal of the battery pack, there is a voltage difference between GS, and the SD of Q15 will be opened. The positive electrode of the battery pack BAT2 will be connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack BAT1, and the G level of Q21 / Q22 is pulled down by Q17, resulting in no voltage difference between the GS of Q21 / Q22. Q21 / Q22 is not turned on, and BAT-1 is in a suspended state. Since BAT-1 is connected to BAT+2, the voltage of BAT-1 will be equal to the voltage of BAT+2.

[0073] At the same time, since Q7 is turned on, the G level of Q20 is at a low level, the DS of Q20 is not turned on, the G level of Q18 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT1 battery pack through the R76 resistor, and the S level of Q18 is also connected to the positive electrode of the BAT1 battery pack through D6. There is a very small voltage difference between the GS of Q18, and this voltage difference is not enough to turn on the DS of Q18. Although Q18 has a body diode, since the D level of Q18 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack, there is only the voltage of a single battery pack, and the S level of Q18 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT1 battery pack, the voltage value is after the voltage of the BTA1 battery pack and the BAT2 battery pack, so that the body diode of Q18 cannot be turned on, so that the current of the two battery packs can only be conducted to BAT through Q15.

[0074] The end result is that the voltage at BAT in the region of output port 104 will be equal to the sum of the voltage of the BAT2 battery pack and the voltage of the BAT1 battery pack.

[0075] Figure 3 Output results for simulation software simulating serial mode:

[0076] When the control unit 103 area is connected to 3V as a high level; the voltages at each point of each MOS tube in the switch group 102 area are the same as those analyzed, and the rated voltage of the four batteries in the battery group 101 area is DC 3V. It can be seen that the voltage value measured in the output port 104 area is 11.8V, and the current is 3.9A, which is 0.2V different from the series voltage of 12V of the four 3V batteries. This voltage is consumed in the conduction loss of Q15. The series current is 3.9A, which is mainly because the load resistance connected to the output port 104 area is 3R. The current at this point in the actual test can be the maximum output current of the battery pack.

[0077] Embodiment 2:

[0078] Parallel mode:

[0079] When the control unit 103 area receives a low level or is floating, the G point of Q17 will be grounded through the R80 resistor. At this time, there is no voltage difference between the GS of Q17, and the DS of Q17 is not conducting. The D point is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack BAT2 through R78 / R75, which is a high level. At this time, the G point of Q15 will be pulled up to the BAT2 battery pack voltage through R75. Since the S level of Q15 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, there is no voltage difference between the GS of Q15, the DS of Q15 is not conducting, and the positive electrode of BAT2 cannot pass through Q15.

[0080] At the same time, since the D level of Q17 is high, the G level of Q20 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the current limiting resistor R77 / R75, and there is a voltage difference with the S level of Q20. The DS of Q20 is turned on, making the G level of Q18 low. Since the resistance value of R76 is very large, the conduction of Q20 will not directly pull down the voltage of BAT+1 to cause a short circuit. At this time, the G level of Q18 is pulled down by Q20, and there is a voltage difference between the GS of Q18. The DS of Q18 is turned on. This operation connects the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack to the positive electrode of the BAT1 battery pack. At this time, the current flow between the two is: the positive electrode of BAT1 passes through the DS level of Q18, through the D6 diode to BAT, and the positive electrode of BAT2 passes through the D7 diode to BAT. The positive electrodes of the two battery packs are connected to BAT at the same time.

[0081] Since Q17 is not conducting, the G stage of Q21 / Q22 will be connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the R75 resistor, making the G stage voltage high. Since the S stage of Q21 / Q22 is directly connected to the ground, a voltage difference is generated between the GS of Q21 / Q22, making the DS of Q21 / Q22 conducting, and the negative electrode of the BAT1 battery pack is connected to the ground through Q21 / Q22.

[0082] Since the negative electrode of BAT2 is directly connected to the ground, the negative electrode of BAT1 is connected to the ground through Q21 / Q22, the positive electrode of BAT2 is connected to BAT through Q18 / D6, and the positive electrode of BAT1 is also connected to BAT through D7, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery packs BAT1 and BAT2 are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the output port 104 area, and the BAT voltage in the output port 104 area is the parallel voltage of the battery pack.

[0083] Figure 4 Output results for simulation software simulating parallel mode:

[0084] When the control unit 103 area receives a low level or is floating; the voltages at each point of each MOS tube in the switch group 102 area are the same as those analyzed. The rated voltage of the four batteries in the battery group 101 area is DC 3V. It can be seen that the voltage value measured in the output port 104 area is 5.4V, and the current is 1.8A, which is 0.2V different from the parallel voltage of 6V of two 3V battery packs. This voltage is consumed in the conduction loss of the D6 / D7 diodes. The parallel current is 3.9A, mainly because the load resistance connected to the output port 104 area is 3R. The current at this point in the actual test can be the maximum output current of the battery pack.

[0085] Advantages of this circuit:

[0086] High stability and reliability:

[0087] The use of discrete components, especially Schottky diodes, MOS tubes, etc., makes the power switching circuit more stable and reliable. Due to the simplicity and easy-to-control quality of these components, the external circuit design is also more intuitive and stable.

[0088] In environments such as high temperature, high voltage, and high frequency, discrete component circuits can adapt better and avoid the problems of limited performance or insufficient stability that integrated circuits may face.

[0089] High degree of customizability:

[0090] The types, parameters and circuit structures of discrete components can be freely combined according to actual needs, so the circuit is highly customized.

[0091] Cost-effectiveness:

[0092] Compared with integrated circuits, discrete component circuits are less expensive because they do not require complex process flows and expensive manufacturing equipment. For some low-cost electronic products, discrete component circuits are still a good choice.

[0093] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present invention; however, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and improved concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-power multi-type battery pack compatible circuit, characterized in that: include: The battery pack (101) is composed of a plurality of battery packs, and the positive and negative electrodes of each battery pack are led out through wires; A switch group (102), composed of a plurality of MOS tubes of different types, used to control the series and parallel connection states of the battery groups; A control unit (103) is used to receive a control signal and realize series-parallel switching of battery groups by manual switching or controlling a power supply output signal; The output port (104) is used to connect to external devices and provide stable power output.

2. A low-power consumption multi-type battery pack compatible circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit (103) comprises an input terminal capable of receiving high-level and low-level signals. When a high-level signal is received, the battery groups are placed in a series state, and when a low-level signal is received, the battery groups are placed in a parallel state.

3. The low-power consumption multi-type battery pack compatible circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch group (102) comprises a plurality of MOS tubes (Q15, Q17, Q18, Q20, Q21, Q22), and the series-parallel switching of the battery groups is achieved by controlling whether the MOS tubes are turned on or off.

4. The low-power consumption multi-type battery pack compatible circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: in, The control unit (103) limits the current through the resistor R74 and inputs a high level signal to the G terminal of Q17, thereby turning on Q17 and further controlling the voltage of the G terminal of Q15, thereby realizing the series connection of the battery packs.

5. The low-power consumption multi-type battery pack compatible circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: in, The control unit (103) inputs a low level signal to the G terminal of Q17 through the resistor R80, so that Q17 is not conducting, thereby controlling the voltage of the G terminal of Q15, thereby realizing the parallel connection of the battery groups.

6. A low-power consumption multi-type battery pack compatible circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The G end of Q15 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the R75 resistor, the G end of Q20 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the R77 and R75 resistors, and the G ends of Q21 and Q22 are connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the R75 resistor.

7. A low-power consumption multi-type battery pack compatible circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The D terminal of Q17 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack through the R78 and R75 resistors, the G terminal of Q18 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT1 battery pack through the R76 resistor, and the S terminal of Q18 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT1 battery pack through the D6 diode.

8. The low-power consumption multi-type battery pack compatible circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: in, When Q17 is turned on, the G terminal voltage of Q21 and Q22 is pulled down, making Q21 and Q22 non-conductive, and the negative electrode of the BAT1 battery pack is in a suspended state, thereby realizing the series mode.

9. A low-power consumption multi-type battery pack compatible circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: When Q17 is not conducting, the G terminal voltage of Q21 and Q22 is high, so that Q21 and Q22 are conducting, and the negative electrode of the BAT1 battery pack is connected to the ground through Q21 and Q22, thereby realizing the parallel mode.

10. The low-power consumption multi-type battery pack compatible circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: in, The D end of Q18 is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT2 battery pack, and the S end is connected to the positive electrode of the BAT1 battery pack. The two battery groups are connected in parallel by the conduction of Q18.

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