Roadside communication unit adaptive power adjustment method for Internet of Vehicles

Abstract

The invention discloses a roadside communication unit self-adaptive power regulation method for the Internet of Vehicles, and relates to the technical field of self-adaptive power regulation, and the method comprises the steps: a roadside communication unit RSU is integrated with a plurality of sensors, monitors surrounding signal interference factors in real time, and collects data; uploading the collected data to a central processing unit for data fusion and preprocessing; based on the fused and preprocessed data, detecting a surrounding frequency band by using spectrum sensing, and selecting an optimal communication frequency band according to a current communication data transmission demand and a signal interference factor; according to frequency band selection and signal interference factor conditions, a minimum power adjustment threshold value is calculated, and self-adaptive power adjustment is completed; after self-adaptive power adjustment is completed, multi-layer optimization is carried out; after multilayer communication optimization is completed, real-time communication is executed, and two-way communication between the vehicle and the RSU is achieved. According to the technology of the invention, the flexibility and stability of a communication system are improved, and the problem of communication quality reduction caused by signal interference factors in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of adaptive power regulation technology, and in particular to an adaptive power regulation method for a roadside communication unit for an Internet of Vehicles. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems, Internet of Vehicles technology has gradually become the key to improving road safety and driving experience. Its roadside communication unit RSU, as an important part of the Internet of Vehicles, is responsible for exchanging information between vehicles and infrastructure. However, most of the existing roadside communication unit RSU technologies use fixed transmission power, which is difficult to adapt to complex and changeable communication environments. Specifically, factors such as weather conditions, vehicle density, and electromagnetic environment will affect the communication quality. In this case, the roadside communication unit RSU with fixed power transmission often leads to unstable communication. For example, when the vehicle density increases, fixed power transmission will cause channel congestion, thereby affecting the communication quality. In the case of fewer vehicles, fixed power transmission will cause energy waste. In addition, the existing roadside communication unit RSU system usually lacks real-time monitoring and intelligent response capabilities for signal interference factors, thereby affecting communication efficiency and service quality. The present invention proposes a real-time adaptive power adjustment method, which integrates multiple sensors to monitor signal interference factors in real time and dynamically adjusts the transmission power, thereby improving communication quality and system flexibility.

[0003] In the prior art, although there are methods that attempt to optimize the communication performance of the roadside communication unit RSU, these methods are still insufficient in dynamically adjusting communication parameters due to the lack of effective fusion and processing of real-time data; the present invention collects environmental data in real time through meteorological sensors, road condition sensors and vehicle density detectors, and uses advanced data fusion and preprocessing technologies; uses spectrum sensing to detect surrounding frequency bands, and selects the optimal communication frequency band based on current communication data transmission requirements and signal interference factors; then, based on the frequency band selection results and the signal interference factor conditions, calculates the required minimum power adjustment threshold, and completes adaptive power adjustment; this method not only improves the reliability of communication, but also can significantly reduce energy consumption and enhance the adaptability and stability of the system. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides an adaptive power regulation method for a roadside communication unit for Internet of Vehicles to solve the adaptive power regulation problem.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an adaptive power adjustment method for a roadside communication unit for an Internet of Vehicles, which includes: a roadside communication unit RSU integrates multiple sensors to monitor surrounding signal interference factors in real time and collect data; the collected data is uploaded to a central processing unit for data fusion and preprocessing; based on the fused and preprocessed data, spectrum sensing is used to detect surrounding frequency bands, and the optimal communication frequency band is selected according to current communication data transmission requirements and signal interference factors; according to the frequency band selection and signal interference factors, a minimum power adjustment threshold is calculated to complete adaptive power adjustment; after completing the adaptive power adjustment, multi-layer optimization is performed; after completing the multi-layer communication optimization, real-time communication is performed to realize two-way communication between the vehicle and the roadside communication unit RSU.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the method for adaptive power regulation of roadside communication units for Internet of Vehicles described in the present invention, the multiple sensors include meteorological sensors, road surface status sensors, and vehicle density detectors.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the method for adaptive power regulation of a roadside communication unit for vehicle networking according to the present invention, the collected data is uploaded to a central processing unit for data fusion and preprocessing, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0010] Upload the data collected by the sensors to the central processing unit of the roadside communication unit RSU through the built-in safety communication protocol;

[0011] The central processing unit receives the data collected from the sensors and starts the data cleaning process, using anomaly detection algorithms to remove invalid data;

[0012] Identify and correct data outliers through the K-fold cross-validation algorithm;

[0013] Convert all data into a unified format through unit conversion and coding, and perform data fusion.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the method for adaptive power adjustment of roadside communication units for vehicle networking according to the present invention, wherein: based on the fused and preprocessed data, spectrum sensing is used to detect the surrounding frequency bands, and the optimal communication frequency band is selected according to the current communication data transmission requirements and signal interference factors. The specific steps are:

[0015] Start the spectrum sensing engine, scan available frequency bands, and record the occupancy of each frequency band;

[0016] Select the optimal communication frequency band according to the current communication data transmission requirements and signal interference factors. The expression is:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, F opt Indicates the optimal frequency band selected, S f is the signal strength value received on frequency band f, I f is the interference level detected on frequency band f, N f is the noise level value in frequency band f, where f is the index of the frequency band;

[0020] The signal-to-noise ratio is used to evaluate the quality of each frequency band. The expression is:

[0021]

[0022] When S f >I f +N f When the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 1, it means that the signal strength is greater than the total noise and interference, the signal is strong, and it can be determined as the optimal frequency band;

[0023] When S f f +N f When the signal-to-noise ratio is less than 1, it means that the signal strength is less than the total noise and interference, the signal is weak, affecting the communication quality, and is not suitable as an optimal frequency band;

[0024] When S f =I f +N f When , the signal-to-noise ratio is equal to 1, which means that the signal strength is equal to the total noise and interference, which are equal, and the communication conditions are poor.

[0025] As a preferred solution of the method for adaptive power regulation of a roadside communication unit for vehicle networking of the present invention, wherein: the communication data transmission requirements include the efficiency of data transmission, the time interval between data transmission and reception, the success rate and integrity of data transmission, the geographical area where the roadside communication unit RSU effectively transmits data, and the grade indicator data for measuring the quality of communication service;

[0026] Signal interference factors include weather conditions, the number of vehicles, the electromagnetic wave environment that interferes with the signal, and obstacles that block the signal.

[0027] As a preferred solution of the method for adaptive power adjustment of a roadside communication unit for vehicle networking according to the present invention, wherein: the minimum power adjustment threshold is calculated according to the frequency band selection and signal interference factors to complete the adaptive power adjustment, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0028] Based on the band selection result value and the signal interference factor status, the required minimum power adjustment threshold is calculated, and the expression is:

[0029] ​

[0030] Among them, P r is the adjusted power value, E is the quantized value of the signal interference factor, and υ is the minimum threshold of power adjustment.

[0031] As a preferred solution of the method for adaptive power adjustment of a roadside communication unit for vehicle networking according to the present invention, after the adaptive power adjustment is completed, multi-layer optimization is performed, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0032] For physical layer optimization, work efficiency is adjusted according to the frequency band selection results, transmit power is adjusted based on the calculated minimum power adjustment threshold, QAN modulation is selected to adapt to current channel conditions, and FEC high-efficiency forward error correction code is used to improve data transmission reliability;

[0033] For the optimization of the data link layer, the MAC layer frame structure is optimized to increase the effective load ratio of the frame, the CRC cyclic redundancy check mechanism is used to detect and correct transmission data errors, the flow control mechanism is implemented, and the CSMA / CA media access control protocol is optimized;

[0034] For the optimization of the network layer, the optimal path is selected for data transmission based on the network topology and traffic usage, network congestion is avoided through congestion control methods, network traffic is dispersed using load balancing methods, and the routing table is dynamically updated according to changes in network conditions;

[0035] For transport layer optimization, we optimized TCP / UDP connection management, used the Reno congestion control algorithm in TCP to improve data stability, and optimized the data segment size to reduce the number of retransmissions.

[0036] For the optimization of the application layer, we provide real-time traffic information change services, vehicle status monitoring services, safe assisted driving services, smart parking services, fleet management services, and entertainment services according to user needs, prioritize the transmitted data, compress the transmitted data, and use data encryption and identity authentication mechanisms to protect privacy.

[0037] As a preferred solution of the method for adaptive power regulation of a roadside communication unit for vehicle networking according to the present invention, wherein: after completing the multi-layer communication optimization, real-time communication is performed to realize two-way communication between the vehicle and the roadside communication unit RSU, and the specific steps are:

[0038] According to the multi-layer communication optimization results, determine the modulation mode, coding format, and frequency configuration communication parameters;

[0039] Configure the determined parameters in the roadside communication unit RSU and initialize the communication link;

[0040] The roadside communication unit RSU uses broadcasting to identify nearby vehicles and roadside communication units RSU;

[0041] When the roadside communication unit RSU finds nearby vehicles and roadside communication units RSU, a two-way communication link is established through the DSRC protocol;

[0042] The roadside communication unit RSU prepares the fused data packet for transmission;

[0043] Encode and modulate the data packets according to the configured communication parameters, and send the encoded and modulated data packets to nearby vehicles and roadside communication units RSU through the wireless interface;

[0044] The roadside communication unit RSU receives data packets from nearby vehicles and the roadside communication unit RSU at the same time, and obtains vehicle status data, traffic information data, environmental information data and service request data in the data packets through decoding and demodulation mechanisms.

[0045] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: when the computer program is executed by the processor, any step of the method for adaptive power adjustment of a roadside communication unit for a network of vehicles as described in the first aspect of the present invention is implemented.

[0046] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein: when the computer program is executed by a processor, any step of the method for adaptive power adjustment of a roadside communication unit for the Internet of Vehicles as described in the first aspect of the present invention is implemented.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention integrates multiple sensors to monitor signal interference factors in real time, and uploads data to a central processing unit for fusion and preprocessing. Based on the fusion and preprocessing, spectrum sensing technology is used to select the optimal communication frequency band, and adaptive power adjustment is performed according to the frequency band selection and power prediction results. This technology significantly improves the flexibility and stability of the communication system, and solves the problem of decreased communication quality caused by signal interference factors in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for adaptive power adjustment of a roadside communication unit for Internet of Vehicles in Example 1.

[0050] Figure 2This is a flow chart of data upload fusion preprocessing in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0052] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0053] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0054] Example 1, reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment provides an adaptive power adjustment method for a roadside communication unit for vehicle networking, comprising the following steps: the roadside communication unit RSU integrates multiple sensors to monitor the surrounding signal interference factors in real time and collect data; the collected data is uploaded to the central processing unit for data fusion and preprocessing; based on the fused and preprocessed data, the surrounding frequency bands are detected by spectrum sensing, and the optimal communication frequency band is selected according to the current communication data transmission requirements and signal interference factors; according to the frequency band selection and signal interference factors, the minimum power adjustment threshold is calculated to complete the adaptive power adjustment; after completing the adaptive power adjustment, multi-layer optimization is performed; after completing the multi-layer communication optimization, real-time communication is performed to realize two-way communication between the vehicle and the roadside communication unit RSU.

[0055] This embodiment also provides a method for adaptive power adjustment of a roadside communication unit for an Internet of Vehicles, including:

[0056] S1. The roadside communication unit RSU integrates multiple sensors to monitor surrounding signal interference factors in real time and collect data.

[0057] Furthermore, multiple sensors, including meteorological sensors, road surface condition sensors, and vehicle density detectors.

[0058] It should be noted that the various sensors include meteorological sensors, road surface condition sensors, and vehicle density detectors;

[0059] The temperature sensor is used to measure the ambient temperature;

[0060] Humidity sensors are used to measure air humidity;

[0061] Rainfall sensors are used to measure rainfall or precipitation;

[0062] The road surface condition sensor includes: a road surface friction coefficient sensor;

[0063] The road friction coefficient sensor is used to detect the friction or slipperiness of the road surface, which is very important for determining whether the vehicle is prone to skidding;

[0064] The vehicle detector includes: vehicle density detector, vehicle speed detector, vehicle type identification sensor;

[0065] Vehicle density detectors are used to count the number of vehicles passing through a certain area within a certain period of time to help understand traffic flow;

[0066] Vehicle speed detectors are used to detect the speed of vehicles, which is very important for traffic flow management and safety monitoring;

[0067] The vehicle type recognition sensor is used to identify the type of passing vehicles (such as cars, trucks, etc.) through image recognition or other technical means;

[0068] It should be noted that this step integrates multiple sensors through the roadside communication unit RSU to monitor signal interference factors in real time and collect data, covering weather, road conditions, vehicle information and other aspects, to fully perceive road traffic conditions and provide basic data support for subsequent data fusion, environmental modeling and communication optimization, thereby improving the intelligence and safety of the Internet of Vehicles system.

[0069] S2. Upload the collected data to the central processing unit for data fusion and preprocessing.

[0070] Furthermore, the data collected by the sensors is uploaded to the central processing unit of the roadside communication unit RSU through the built-in safety communication protocol;

[0071] The central processing unit receives the data collected from the sensors and starts the data cleaning process, using anomaly detection algorithms to remove invalid data;

[0072] Identify and correct data outliers through the K-fold cross-validation algorithm;

[0073] Convert all data into a unified format through unit conversion and coding, and perform data fusion.

[0074] It should be noted that data fusion is to ensure that information from different sensors can be analyzed comprehensively, and preprocessing is to improve the quality of data;

[0075] Data fusion includes data association, data time and space synchronization, and data consistency check;

[0076] Preprocessing includes denoising, data cleaning, data normalization, data missing value processing, data transformation, feature extraction, and data compression.

[0077] It should be noted that this step uploads the data collected by the sensor to the central processing unit, ensures the comprehensive analysis of the information through data fusion, and improves the data quality through pre-processing such as denoising and cleaning, providing accurate information support for the power regulation algorithm to optimize communication efficiency.

[0078] S3. Based on the fused and preprocessed data, spectrum sensing is used to detect the surrounding frequency bands, and the optimal communication frequency band is selected according to the current communication data transmission requirements and signal interference factors.

[0079] Furthermore, the spectrum sensing engine is started to scan the available frequency bands and record the occupancy of each frequency band;

[0080] Select the optimal communication frequency band according to the current communication data transmission requirements and signal interference factors. The expression is:

[0081]

[0082] Among them, F opt Indicates the optimal frequency band selected, S f is the signal strength value received on frequency band f, I f is the interference level detected on frequency band f, N f is the noise level value in frequency band f, where f is the index of the frequency band;

[0083] The signal-to-noise ratio is used to evaluate the quality of each frequency band. The expression is:

[0084]

[0085] When S f >I f +N f When the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 1, it means that the signal strength is greater than the total noise and interference, the signal is strong, and it can be determined as the optimal frequency band;

[0086] When S f f +N f When the signal-to-noise ratio is less than 1, it means that the signal strength is less than the total noise and interference, the signal is weak, affecting the communication quality, and is not suitable as an optimal frequency band;

[0087] When S f =I f +N f ​When , the signal-to-noise ratio is equal to 1, which means that the signal strength is equal to the total noise and interference, which are equal, and the communication conditions are poor.

[0088] Assume there are three frequency bands f1, f2, f3, and the following data is collected:

[0089] S f1 =100,I f1 =20, N f1 =10;

[0090] S f2 =80,I f2 =15,N f2 =5;

[0091] S f3 =90,I f3 =10, N f3 =15;

[0092] Calculate the signal-to-noise ratio for each frequency band:

[0093]

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] By calculating the frequency band with the highest signal-to-noise ratio, SNR f2 As the optimal frequency band.

[0097] It should be noted that the spectrum sensing engine is started to scan the available frequency bands and record the occupancy of each frequency band, collect the signal strength, interference level and noise level of each frequency band, and for each frequency band f, select the frequency band F with the highest signal-to-noise ratio from all frequency bands. opt As the optimal frequency band.

[0098] It should be noted that this step can dynamically select the optimal communication frequency band in a complex and changing environment, thereby improving communication quality, enhancing system robustness, optimizing the utilization of spectrum resources, and meeting diverse communication data transmission needs; this method is particularly suitable for application scenarios such as the Internet of Vehicles that require high reliability and real-time performance, ensuring efficient and stable two-way communication between vehicles and roadside communication units.

[0099] S3.1. Furthermore, the communication data transmission requirements include the efficiency of data transmission, the time interval between data transmission and reception, the success rate and integrity of data transmission, the geographical area where the roadside communication unit RSU effectively transmits data, and the level indicator data for measuring the quality of communication service;

[0100] Signal interference factors include weather conditions, the number of vehicles, the electromagnetic wave environment that interferes with the signal, and obstacles that block the signal.

[0101] It should be noted that the efficiency of data transmission refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted per unit time, usually measured in bits per second (bps) or gigabits per second (Gbps). In the context of the Internet of Vehicles, the efficiency of data transmission directly affects the timeliness of information. For example, real-time video streaming requires a high transmission rate to ensure smooth playback, while ordinary text information may only require a lower transmission rate.

[0102] The time interval between data sending and receiving refers to the time required from the sending of a data packet to the receiving data packet, usually measured in milliseconds. In the Internet of Vehicles, applications with high real-time requirements (such as emergency braking warnings) require extremely low latency. For example, emergency braking information between vehicles must be transmitted within a few milliseconds to ensure a timely response.

[0103] The success rate and integrity of data transmission refer to the probability that data will not be damaged or lost during the transmission process; in the Internet of Vehicles, safety-related communications (such as accident alarms) must have high reliability to ensure the accuracy of information transmission; for example, collision warning information between vehicles cannot have any errors or losses.

[0104] The geographical area in which the roadside communication unit RSU effectively transmits data refers to the fact that in the vehicle network, the roadside communication unit RSU needs to cover the entire road section or intersection to ensure that all vehicles entering the area can receive the necessary information; for example, on a highway or a city trunk road, the coverage of the roadside communication unit RSU should be wide enough to cover all lanes, and there should be enough overlapping areas between adjacent RSUs to ensure seamless communication;

[0105] The level indicator data for measuring the quality of communication services is a set of service level indicators, including but not limited to bandwidth, latency, jitter, packet loss rate, etc.; in the Internet of Vehicles, different types of communications may have different service quality level indicator requirements; for example, real-time video streaming requires high bandwidth and low latency, while ordinary traffic information broadcasting may only require basic bandwidth guarantees.

[0106] It should be noted that the information on communication data transmission requirements and signal interference factors are obtained from a variety of sensors.

[0107] S4. According to the frequency band selection and signal interference factors, the minimum power adjustment threshold is calculated to complete the adaptive power adjustment.

[0108] Furthermore, based on the band selection result value and the signal interference factor condition, the required minimum power adjustment threshold is calculated, and the expression is:

[0109]

[0110] Among them, P r is the adjusted power value, E is the quantized value of the signal interference factor, and υ is the minimum threshold of power adjustment.

[0111] It should be noted that this formula is used to calculate the optimal frequency band F opt and the minimum power adjustment threshold P required under the current signal interference factor E r ; The main purpose of this formula is to ensure communication quality while reducing the transmission power as much as possible, thereby improving energy efficiency and reducing interference.

[0112] It should be noted that, assuming that the optimal frequency band F opt The following data were collected:

[0113] S f =100;

[0114] I f =20;

[0115] N f =10;

[0116] υ=1;

[0117] E = 5;

[0118] Calculate the signal-to-noise ratio:

[0119]

[0120] Calculate the power regulation threshold:

[0121] P r =max(3.33,1)+5=3.33+5=8.33;

[0122] Therefore, the adjusted power value P r is 8.33;

[0123] It should be noted that this step calculates a new power adjustment value through a formula based on the frequency band selection and power prediction results, ensuring that the roadside communication unit RSU operates at optimal power under different environmental conditions, thereby improving communication quality and energy efficiency.

[0124] S5. After completing the adjustment of the adaptive power, perform multi-layer optimization.

[0125] Furthermore, for physical layer optimization, the working efficiency is adjusted according to the frequency band selection result, the transmit power is adjusted based on the calculated minimum power adjustment threshold, the QAN modulation method is selected to adapt to the current channel conditions, and the FEC high-efficiency forward error correction code is used to improve the data transmission reliability;

[0126] For the optimization of the data link layer, we optimized the MAC layer frame structure to improve the frame transmission efficiency, used the CRC cyclic redundancy check mechanism to detect and correct transmission data errors, implemented the flow control mechanism to prevent data congestion and loss, optimized the CSMA / CA media access control protocol, and reduced data conflicts and waiting time;

[0127] For the optimization of the network layer, based on the network topology and traffic usage, the optimal path is selected for data transmission. The congestion control method is used to avoid network congestion. The load balancing method is used to disperse network traffic. The routing table is dynamically updated according to changes in network conditions to ensure the shortest path for data transmission.

[0128] For transport layer optimization, we optimize TCP / UDP connection management, reduce latency, implement end-to-end flow control, ensure that the data transmission rate matches the processing capacity of the receiver, use the Reno congestion control algorithm in TCP to avoid network congestion, optimize the data segment size, and reduce the number of data retransmissions;

[0129] For the optimization of the application layer, we provide real-time traffic information change services, vehicle status monitoring services, safe assisted driving services, smart parking services, fleet management services, and entertainment services according to user needs. We ensure the priority of transmitted data, compress the transmitted data, reduce bandwidth usage, and achieve data security through data encryption and identity authentication mechanisms.

[0130] It should be noted that multi-layer optimization is specifically as follows:

[0131] Physical layer optimization refers to adjustments made at the physical level of the communication link to ensure optimal performance of signal transmission;

[0132] Adjust the frequency configuration to be used according to the frequency band selection result; for example, after selecting the optimal frequency band, you need to configure the corresponding carrier frequency;

[0133] According to the power adjustment result, adjust the transmission power; for example, if the new power adjustment value is calculated to be P r , then the transmission power of the roadside communication unit RSU needs to be adjusted to this level;

[0134] Select modulation methods such as QPSK and 16-QAM to match the current communication environment and needs;

[0135] Select Turbo code and convolutional code encoding to improve the reliability of data transmission.

[0136] Data link layer optimization refers to reducing unnecessary overhead and increasing the transmission ratio of valid data by optimizing the structure of frame header, frame tail and frame payload;

[0137] A CRC checksum is added to each data frame, and the receiving end verifies the integrity of the data by calculating the checksum. If an error is found, a retransmission or correction can be requested;

[0138] Control the data transmission rate of the sender through a sliding window mechanism or other flow control methods to ensure that the receiver can process the received data in a timely manner and avoid buffer overflow;

[0139] By improving the backoff algorithm and adjusting the contention window size, the conflict probability when multiple nodes access the channel at the same time is reduced, and the channel utilization rate is improved;

[0140] Queuing data packets according to their priority level ensures that urgent and critical data are transmitted first, reducing delays.

[0141] Network layer optimization refers to optimizing routing strategies at the network level to ensure that data packets can be transmitted efficiently;

[0142] Analyze the current network topology, including the connection relationship between RSUs and the distribution of vehicles;

[0143] Real-time monitoring of network traffic, including the number, type and direction of data packets;

[0144] Optimize routing strategies based on network topology and traffic conditions; for example, select the shortest path, load balancing path, etc. to ensure efficient transmission of data packets;

[0145] Implement congestion control strategies to prevent network congestion and ensure that data packets can reach their destination in a timely manner;

[0146] Dynamically adjust the data transmission path according to the network conditions and select the optimal path to improve transmission efficiency;

[0147] Transport layer optimization refers to reducing the time to establish a connection by optimizing the three-way handshake process of TCP. For example, using TCP Fast Open technology allows data to be carried in the SYN packet, thereby reducing a round trip time; for applications with high real-time requirements (such as voice and video streaming), using UDP can reduce the overhead of establishing a connection; at the same time, the connection status can be maintained through session management and heartbeat mechanisms;

[0148] By adjusting TCP's congestion control algorithm, such as using TCP BBR or TCP Cubic, these algorithms can more effectively utilize bandwidth, reduce queue backlogs, and thus reduce latency; UDP is connectionless and does not require complex connection establishment and disconnection processes, so it naturally has lower latency; UDP is a good choice for real-time applications;

[0149] By dynamically adjusting the sliding window size, the data sending rate of the sender is controlled to ensure that the receiver can process the received data in a timely manner. Although UDP itself does not provide flow control, it can be achieved through the flow control mechanism of the application layer, such as using a feedback mechanism to adjust the sending rate.

[0150] Use congestion control algorithms such as TCP Reno, TCP NewReno, and TCP Vegas to dynamically adjust the sending rate according to network conditions to avoid congestion. For UDP, a congestion control mechanism can be implemented at the application layer, such as using Google's QUIC protocol, which combines the reliability of TCP with the low latency characteristics of UDP.

[0151] At the beginning of the connection establishment, the sending rate is increased rapidly until the threshold is reached or packet loss occurs; when the network is stable, the sending rate is increased slowly to detect the maximum throughput of the network; when multiple duplicate ACKs are detected, the lost data packets are retransmitted immediately without waiting for a timeout; after a fast retransmission, the sending rate is set to a lower value and then gradually increased until the network is stable again;

[0152] Through the path MTU discovery mechanism, the maximum transmission unit (MTU) on the path from the sender to the receiver is determined, and the data segment size is adjusted accordingly to avoid IP fragmentation; the data segment size is dynamically adjusted according to the current network status to adapt to different network conditions and reduce the number of retransmissions;

[0153] Application layer optimization refers to providing customized services at the application level to meet the specific needs of users;

[0154] Analyze the service requirements of the current application layer, including different types of data transmission priorities;

[0155] In emergency situations, including traffic accidents and emergency rescue, emergency data packets are transmitted first to ensure that this information can be delivered quickly;

[0156] Provide different service quality guarantees based on user needs, such as high bandwidth guarantee for video streaming and basic bandwidth guarantee for general information;

[0157] In emergency situations, give emergency communications a higher priority to ensure that these communications are handled first;

[0158] Provide customized services based on users' specific needs, such as real-time traffic updates, navigation suggestions, etc.

[0159] It should be noted that the multi-layer optimization is exemplified as follows:

[0160] For physical layer optimization, the roadside communication unit RSU selects the optimal frequency band and configures the corresponding carrier frequency to 5.9 GHz;

[0161] According to the calculated new power adjustment value P r , adjust the transmit power to 20dBm;

[0162] Select 16-QAM modulation to match the current communication environment;

[0163] Use Turbo code for data encoding to improve the reliability of data transmission.

[0164] For the optimization of the data link layer, by reducing the length of the frame header and frame tail, increasing the proportion of effective data load, and improving the frame transmission efficiency;

[0165] A CRC checksum is added to each data frame. The receiving end verifies the integrity of the data by calculating the checksum. If an error is found, a retransmission is requested.

[0166] Use the sliding window mechanism to control the data transmission rate of the sender to ensure that the receiver can process the received data in time and avoid buffer overflow;

[0167] By improving the backoff algorithm, the conflict probability when multiple nodes access the channel at the same time is reduced, and the channel utilization rate is improved;

[0168] Queuing data packets according to their priority level ensures that urgent and critical data are transmitted first, reducing delays.

[0169] For network layer optimization, we analyzed the current network topology and found that areas with densely populated vehicles require more communication resources;

[0170] Monitor traffic in real time and find that there are too many packets on a certain path, so you need to adjust the routing strategy.

[0171] Select a load balancing path to ensure that data packets are evenly distributed and avoid congestion;

[0172] Implement congestion control strategies and set buffer sizes to prevent packet accumulation.

[0173] For transport layer optimization, TCP connection is used for real-time traffic information update, and TCP Fast Open technology is adopted to reduce the connection establishment time; UDP connection is used for vehicle status monitoring data, and the connection status is maintained through session management and heartbeat mechanism;

[0174] Use TCP BBR algorithm to dynamically adjust the sending rate, reduce queue backlog, and reduce latency. For real-time video streaming, use UDP transmission to take advantage of its low latency characteristics.

[0175] In TCP connection, the sending rate is controlled through the sliding window mechanism to ensure that the receiver can process data in time; for UDP transmission, the sending rate is adjusted through the feedback mechanism of the application layer to prevent data congestion;

[0176] Use the TCP Reno algorithm to dynamically adjust the sending rate according to network conditions to avoid congestion; for UDP transmission, use the QUIC protocol to implement congestion control at the application layer to ensure the reliability of data transmission;

[0177] In TCP connections, the Reno algorithm is used, including slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmission, and fast recovery mechanisms, to ensure network stability;

[0178] The optimal data segment size is determined through the path MTU discovery mechanism to avoid IP fragmentation; the data segment size is dynamically adjusted according to the network conditions to reduce the number of retransmissions and improve transmission efficiency;

[0179] For application layer optimization, we analyzed the service requirements of the current application layer and found that the demand for video streaming transmission is relatively high;

[0180] In emergency situations, urgent data packets are given priority to ensure that this information can be delivered quickly;

[0181] Provide high bandwidth guarantee for video streaming to ensure smooth video transmission;

[0182] In non-emergency situations, provide basic bandwidth guarantee to ensure the normal transmission of ordinary information;

[0183] Provide customized services based on users' specific needs, such as real-time traffic updates, navigation suggestions, etc.

[0184] It should be noted that this step ensures collaborative work from the physical layer to the application layer through multi-layer optimization, optimizing the performance of each layer based on the adjusted power value and communication efficiency to improve the performance of the overall communication system and user experience.

[0185] S6. After completing the multi-layer communication optimization, perform real-time communication to achieve two-way communication between the vehicle and the roadside communication unit RSU.

[0186] Furthermore, based on the multi-layer communication optimization results, the modulation mode, coding format, and frequency configuration communication parameters are determined;

[0187] Configure the determined parameters in the roadside communication unit RSU and initialize the communication link;

[0188] The roadside communication unit RSU uses broadcasting to identify nearby vehicles and roadside communication units RSU;

[0189] When the roadside communication unit RSU finds nearby vehicles and roadside communication units RSU, a two-way communication link is established through the DSRC protocol;

[0190] The roadside communication unit RSU prepares the fused data packet for transmission;

[0191] Encode and modulate the data packets according to the configured communication parameters, and send the encoded and modulated data packets to nearby vehicles and roadside communication units RSU through the wireless interface;

[0192] The roadside communication unit RSU receives data packets from nearby vehicles and the roadside communication unit RSU at the same time, and obtains vehicle status data, traffic information data, environmental information data and service request data in the data packets through decoding and demodulation mechanisms.

[0193] It should be noted that the purpose of this process is to achieve optimized, efficient and reliable data transmission, and to improve the communication performance and user experience of the Internet of Vehicles system.

[0194] This embodiment also provides a computer device, which is suitable for the case of an adaptive power adjustment method of a roadside communication unit for an Internet of Vehicles, including: a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute computer executable instructions to implement the adaptive power adjustment method of a roadside communication unit for an Internet of Vehicles as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0195] The computer device may be a terminal, and the computer device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen and an input device connected via a system bus. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal in a wired or wireless manner, and the wireless manner can be achieved through WIFI, an operator network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. The display screen of the computer device may be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer device may be a touch layer covering the display screen, or a key, trackball or touchpad provided on the housing of the computer device, or an external keyboard, touchpad or mouse, etc.

[0196] The present embodiment also provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the method for implementing the adaptive power adjustment method of a roadside communication unit for a vehicle network as proposed in the above embodiment is implemented; the storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as a static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, SRAM for short), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, EEPROM for short), an erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM for short), a programmable read-only memory (Programmable Red-Only Memory, PROM for short), a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM for short), a magnetic storage device, a flash memory, a disk or an optical disk.

[0197] In summary, the present invention integrates multiple sensors to monitor signal interference factors in real time, and uploads the data to the central processing unit for fusion and preprocessing. Based on the fusion and preprocessing, the spectrum sensing technology is used to select the optimal communication frequency band, and adaptive power adjustment is performed according to the frequency band selection and power prediction results. This technology significantly improves the flexibility and stability of the communication system, and solves the problem of decreased communication quality caused by signal interference factors in the prior art.

Claims

1. A method for adaptive power regulation of a roadside communication unit for vehicle networking, characterized in that: include, The roadside communication unit (RSU) integrates multiple sensors to monitor surrounding signal interference factors in real time and collect data; Upload the collected data to the central processing unit for data fusion and preprocessing; Based on the fused and preprocessed data, spectrum sensing is used to detect the surrounding frequency bands, and the optimal communication frequency band is selected according to the current communication data transmission requirements and signal interference factors; According to the frequency band selection and signal interference factors, the minimum power adjustment threshold is calculated to complete the adaptive power adjustment; After completing adaptive power regulation, perform multi-layer optimization; After completing the multi-layer communication optimization, real-time communication is performed to achieve two-way communication between vehicles and roadside communication units RSU.

2. The method for adaptive power regulation of a roadside communication unit for vehicle networking according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple sensors include meteorological sensors, road surface condition sensors, and vehicle density detectors.

3. The method for adaptive power regulation of a roadside communication unit for vehicle networking according to claim 2, characterized in that: The collected data is uploaded to the central processing unit for data fusion and preprocessing. The specific steps are: Upload the data collected by the sensors to the central processing unit of the roadside communication unit RSU through the built-in secure communication protocol; The central processing unit receives the data collected from the sensors and starts the data cleaning process, using anomaly detection algorithms to remove invalid data; Identify and correct data outliers through the K-fold cross-validation algorithm; Convert all data into a unified format through unit conversion and coding, and perform data fusion.

4. The method for adaptive power regulation of a roadside communication unit for Internet of Vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: Based on the fused and preprocessed data, spectrum sensing is used to detect the surrounding frequency bands, and the optimal communication frequency band is selected according to the current communication data transmission requirements and signal interference factors. The specific steps are: Start the spectrum sensing engine, scan available frequency bands, and record the occupancy of each frequency band; Select the optimal communication frequency band according to the current communication data transmission requirements and signal interference factors. The expression is: Among them, F opt Indicates the optimal frequency band selected, S f is the signal strength value received on frequency band f, I f is the interference level detected on frequency band f, N f is the noise level value in frequency band f, where f is the index of the frequency band; The signal-to-noise ratio is used to evaluate the quality of each frequency band. The expression is: When S f >I f +N f When the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 1, it means that the signal strength is greater than the total noise and interference, the signal is strong, and it can be determined as the optimal frequency band; When S f f +N f When the signal-to-noise ratio is less than 1, it means that the signal strength is less than the total noise and interference, the signal is weak, affecting the communication quality, and is not suitable as an optimal frequency band;​ When S f =I f +N f When , the signal-to-noise ratio is equal to 1, which means that the signal strength is equal to the total noise and interference, which are equal, and the communication conditions are poor.

5. The method for adaptive power regulation of a roadside communication unit for vehicle networking according to claim 4, characterized in that: The communication data transmission requirements include the efficiency of data transmission, the time interval between data transmission and reception, the success rate and integrity of data transmission, the geographical area where the roadside communication unit RSU effectively transmits data, and the grade indicator data for measuring the quality of communication service; Signal interference factors include weather conditions, the number of vehicles, the electromagnetic wave environment that interferes with the signal, and obstacles that block the signal.

6. The method for adaptive power regulation of a roadside communication unit for Internet of Vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of calculating the minimum power adjustment threshold according to the frequency band selection and signal interference factors to complete the adaptive power adjustment is as follows: Based on the band selection result value and the signal interference factor status, the required minimum power adjustment threshold is calculated, and the expression is: Among them, P r is the adjusted power value, E is the quantized value of the signal interference factor, and υ is the minimum threshold of power adjustment.

7. The method for adaptive power regulation of a roadside communication unit for Internet of Vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: After the adaptive power regulation is completed, multi-layer optimization is performed, and the specific steps are as follows: For physical layer optimization, work efficiency is adjusted according to the frequency band selection results, transmit power is adjusted based on the calculated minimum power adjustment threshold, QAN modulation is selected to adapt to current channel conditions, and FEC high-efficiency forward error correction code is used to improve data transmission reliability; For the optimization of the data link layer, the MAC layer frame structure is optimized to increase the effective load ratio of the frame, the CRC cyclic redundancy check mechanism is used to detect and correct transmission data errors, the flow control mechanism is implemented, and the CSMA / CA media access control protocol is optimized; For network layer optimization, the optimal path is selected for data transmission based on network topology and traffic usage, network congestion is avoided through congestion control methods, network traffic is dispersed using load balancing methods, and routing tables are dynamically updated according to changes in network conditions; For transport layer optimization, we optimized TCP / UDP connection management, used the Reno congestion control algorithm in TCP to improve data stability, and optimized the data segment size to reduce the number of retransmissions. For the optimization of the application layer, we provide real-time traffic information change services, vehicle status monitoring services, safe assisted driving services, smart parking services, fleet management services, and entertainment services according to user needs, prioritize the transmitted data, compress the transmitted data, and use data encryption and identity authentication mechanisms to protect privacy.

8. The method for adaptive power regulation of a roadside communication unit for vehicle networking according to claim 7, characterized in that: After completing the multi-layer communication optimization, real-time communication is performed to achieve two-way communication between the vehicle and the roadside communication unit RSU. The specific steps are: According to the multi-layer communication optimization results, determine the modulation mode, coding format, and frequency configuration communication parameters; Configure the determined parameters in the roadside communication unit RSU and initialize the communication link; The roadside communication unit RSU uses broadcasting to identify nearby vehicles and roadside communication units RSU; When the roadside communication unit RSU finds nearby vehicles and roadside communication units RSU, a two-way communication link is established through the DSRC protocol; The roadside communication unit RSU prepares the fused data packet for transmission; Encode and modulate the data packets according to the configured communication parameters, and send the encoded and modulated data packets to nearby vehicles and roadside communication units RSU through the wireless interface; The roadside communication unit RSU receives data packets from nearby vehicles and the roadside communication unit RSU at the same time, and obtains vehicle status data, traffic information data, environmental information data and service request data in the data packets through decoding and demodulation mechanisms.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for adaptive power adjustment of a roadside communication unit for vehicle networking as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for adaptive power adjustment of a roadside communication unit for vehicle networking as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

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